메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 422-429

Hyper IgM syndromes

Author keywords

Class switch recombination; Immunodeficiency; Somatic hypermutation

Indexed keywords

GAMMA INTERFERON; HYPERIMMUNE GLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

EID: 0038434114     PISSN: 10408711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002281-200307000-00009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (56)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0036152242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism and control of class-switch recombination
    • Manis JP, Tian M, Alt FW: Mechanism and control of class-switch recombination. Trends Immunol 2002, 23:31-39. This paper is a detailed synthetic review of class switch recombination mechanism. It does not include very recent findings related to the role of UNG.
    • (2002) Trends Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 31-39
    • Manis, J.P.1    Tian, M.2    Alt, F.W.3
  • 2
    • 0035404678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking class-switch recombination with somatic hypermutation
    • Kinoshita K, Honjo T: Linking class-switch recombination with somatic hypermutation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001, 2:493-503.
    • (2001) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.2 , pp. 493-503
    • Kinoshita, K.1    Honjo, T.2
  • 3
    • 0036017402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ig gene hypermutation: A mechanism is due
    • Weill JC, Bertocci B, Faili A, et al,: Ig gene hypermutation: a mechanism is due Adv Immunol 2002, 80:183-202. This review summerizes updated findings concerning somatic hypermutation
    • (2002) Adv Immunol , vol.80 , pp. 183-202
    • Weill, J.C.1    Bertocci, B.2    Faili, A.3
  • 4
    • 0035480006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human genetic defects in class-switch recombination (hyper-IgM syndromes)
    • Durandy A, Honjo T: Human genetic defects in class-switch recombination (hyper-IgM syndromes). Curr Opin Immunol 2001, 13:543-548
    • (2001) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 543-548
    • Durandy, A.1    Honjo, T.2
  • 5
    • 0036670717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyper-IgM syndromes: A model for studying the regulation of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation generation
    • Durandy A: Hyper-IgM syndromes: a model for studying the regulation of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation generation. Biochem Soc Trans 2002, 30:815-818. The paper provides an integrated view of available data coming from molecular studies and clinical investigations of patients with hyper IgM syndrome.
    • (2002) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.30 , pp. 815-818
    • Durandy, A.1
  • 6
    • 0037329301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disseminated Cryptosporidium infection in an infant with hyper-IgM syndrome caused by CD40 deficiency
    • Kutukculer N, Moratto D, Aydinok Y, et al.: Disseminated Cryptosporidium infection in an infant with hyper-IgM syndrome caused by CD40 deficiency. J Pediatr 2003, 142:99-101. This paper shows that both HIGM1 and HIGM3 are combined immune deficiencies and cause increased susceptibility to severe infections sustained by intracellular pathogens.
    • (2003) J Pediatr , vol.142 , pp. 99-101
    • Kutukculer, N.1    Moratto, D.2    Aydinok, Y.3
  • 7
    • 0035985337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyper-IgM sindrome with systemic tuberculosis
    • Ito I, Ishida T, Hashimoto T, et al.: Hyper-IgM sindrome with systemic tuberculosis. Scand J Infect Dis 2002, 34:305-307. This paper shows that both HIGM1 and HIGM3 are combined immune deficiencies and cause increased susceptibility to severe infections sustained by intracellular pathogens.
    • (2002) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 305-307
    • Ito, I.1    Ishida, T.2    Hashimoto, T.3
  • 8
    • 0027414691 scopus 로고
    • CD40 ligand gene defects responsible for X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
    • Allen RC, Armitage RJ, Conley ME, et al.: CD40 ligand gene defects responsible for X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Science 1993, 259:990-993.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 990-993
    • Allen, R.C.1    Armitage, R.J.2    Conley, M.E.3
  • 9
    • 0027394391 scopus 로고
    • The CD40 ligand, gp39, is defective in activated T-cells from patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
    • Aruffo A, Farrington M, Hollenbaugh D, et al.: The CD40 ligand, gp39, is defective in activated T-cells from patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Cell 1993, 72:291-300.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.72 , pp. 291-300
    • Aruffo, A.1    Farrington, M.2    Hollenbaugh, D.3
  • 10
    • 0027398544 scopus 로고
    • CD40 ligand mutations in X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM
    • DiSanto JP, Bonnefoy JY, Gauchat JF, et al.: CD40 ligand mutations in X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM. Nature 1993, 361:541-543.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 541-543
    • DiSanto, J.P.1    Bonnefoy, J.Y.2    Gauchat, J.F.3
  • 11
    • 0027462664 scopus 로고
    • Defective expression of the CD40 ligand in X chromosome-linked immunoglobulin deficiency with normal or elevated IgM
    • Fuleihan R, Ramesh N, Loh R, et al.: Defective expression of the CD40 ligand in X chromosome-linked immunoglobulin deficiency with normal or elevated IgM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993, 90:2170-2173.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.90 , pp. 2170-2173
    • Fuleihan, R.1    Ramesh, N.2    Loh, R.3
  • 12
    • 0027533185 scopus 로고
    • Defective expression of T-cell CD40 ligand causes X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper IgM
    • Korthauer U, Graf D, Mages HW, et al.; Defective expression of T-cell CD40 ligand causes X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper IgM. Nature 1993, 361:539-543.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 539-543
    • Korthauer, U.1    Graf, D.2    Mages, H.W.3
  • 13
    • 0034080364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-linked immunodeficiency with hyperIgM (XHIM)
    • Notarangelo LD: and Hayward AR.: X-linked immunodeficiency with hyperIgM (XHIM) Clin Exp Immunol 2000, 120:399-405.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.120 , pp. 399-405
    • Notarangelo, L.D.1    Hayward, A.R.2
  • 14
    • 0035169284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40:CD40L interaction in X-linked and non X-linked hyper-IgM syndromes
    • Bhushan A, Covey LR: CD40:CD40L interaction in X-linked and non X-linked hyper-IgM syndromes. Immunol Res 2001, 24:311-324.
    • (2001) Immunol Res , vol.24 , pp. 311-324
    • Bhushan, A.1    Covey, L.R.2
  • 15
    • 0035970105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40-CD40L independent Ig gene hypermutation suggests a second B-cell diversification pathway in humans
    • Weller S, Faili A, Garcia C, et al.: CD40-CD40L independent Ig gene hypermutation suggests a second B-cell diversification pathway in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:1166-1170.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 1166-1170
    • Weller, S.1    Faili, A.2    Garcia, C.3
  • 16
    • 0036052122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elective bone marrow transplantation in a child with X-linked hyper-IgM sindrome presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Leone V, Tommasini A, Andotina M, et al.: Elective bone marrow transplantation in a child with X-linked hyper-IgM sindrome presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002, 30:49-52.
    • (2002) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.30 , pp. 49-52
    • Leone, V.1    Tommasini, A.2    Andotina, M.3
  • 17
    • 0035090248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic reconstitution following bone marrow transplantation for X-linked hyper IgM syndrome
    • Duplantier JE, Seyama K, Day NK, et al.: Immunologic reconstitution following bone marrow transplantation for X-linked hyper IgM syndrome. Clin Immunol 2001, 98:313-318.
    • (2001) Clin Immunol , vol.98 , pp. 313-318
    • Duplantier, J.E.1    Seyama, K.2    Day, N.K.3
  • 18
    • 0035940417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of CD40 gene cause an autosomal recessive form of immunodeficiency with hyper IgM
    • Ferrari S, Giliani S, Insalaco A, et al.: Mutations of CD40 gene cause an autosomal recessive form of immunodeficiency with hyper IgM. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2001, 98:12614-12619.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.98 , pp. 12614-12619
    • Ferrari, S.1    Giliani, S.2    Insalaco, A.3
  • 19
    • 0033669973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in activation-induced cytidine deaminase in patients with hyper IgM syndrome
    • Minegishi Y, Lavoie A, Cunningham-Rundles C, et al.: Mutations in activation-induced cytidine deaminase in patients with hyper IgM syndrome. Clin Immunol 2000, 97:203-210.
    • (2000) Clin Immunol , vol.97 , pp. 203-210
    • Minegishi, Y.1    Lavoie, A.2    Cunningham-Rundles, C.3
  • 20
    • 0034264851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency causes the autosomal recessive form of the Hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM2)
    • Revy P, Muto T, Levy Y, et al.: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency causes the autosomal recessive form of the Hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM2). Cell 2000, 102:565-575.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 565-575
    • Revy, P.1    Muto, T.2    Levy, Y.3
  • 21
    • 0037112050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical roles of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the homeostasis of gut flora
    • Fargasan S, Muramatsu M, Suzuki K, et al.: Critical roles of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the homeostasis of gut flora. Science 2002, 298:1424-1427. This article indirectly demonstrates the role of AID in regulating intestinal flora describing the results of experiments conducted on AID-cleficent mice.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 1424-1427
    • Fargasan, S.1    Muramatsu, M.2    Suzuki, K.3
  • 22
    • 0033658369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel X-linked disorder of immune deficiency and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is allelic to incontinentia pigmenti and due to mutations in IKK-gamma (NEMO)
    • Zonana J, Elder ME, Schneider LC, et al.: A novel X-linked disorder of immune deficiency and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is allelic to incontinentia pigmenti and due to mutations in IKK-gamma (NEMO). Am J Hum Genet 2000, 67:1555-1562.
    • (2000) Am J Hum Genet , vol.67 , pp. 1555-1562
    • Zonana, J.1    Elder, M.E.2    Schneider, L.C.3
  • 23
    • 0035286726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific missense mutations in NEMO result in hyper-IgM syndrome with hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia
    • Jain A, Ma CA, Liu S, et al.: Specific missense mutations in NEMO result in hyper-IgM syndrome with hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Nat Immunol 2001, 2:223-228.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 223-228
    • Jain, A.1    Ma, C.A.2    Liu, S.3
  • 24
    • 0035093630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency is caused by impaired NFκB signaling
    • Doffinger R, Smahi A, Bessia C, et al.: X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency is caused by impaired NFκB signaling. Nat Genet 2001, 27:277-285.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.27 , pp. 277-285
    • Doffinger, R.1    Smahi, A.2    Bessia, C.3
  • 25
    • 0037417885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nuclear factor-{kappa}B essential modulator (NEMO) in B cell development and survival
    • Kim S, La Motte-Mohs RN, Rudolph D, et al.: The role of nuclear factor-{kappa}B essential modulator (NEMO) in B cell development and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2003, 100:1203-1208. The role of NEMO in B-cell development and survival is investigated, and it is shown that NEMO is dispensable for B-cell development but required for B-cell survival.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.100 , pp. 1203-1208
    • Kim, S.1    La Motte-Mohs, R.N.2    Rudolph, D.3
  • 26
    • 0036771830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NF-kappaB signalling pathway in human diseases: From incontinentia pigmenti to ectodermal dysplasias and immune-deficiency syndromes
    • Smahi A, Courtois G, Rabia SH et al.: The NF-kappaB signalling pathway in human diseases: from incontinentia pigmenti to ectodermal dysplasias and immune-deficiency syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 2002, 11:2371-2375. Detailed and exhaustive review of NFκB signaling defects.
    • (2002) Hum Mol Genet , vol.11 , pp. 2371-2375
    • Smahi, A.1    Courtois, G.2    Rabia, S.H.3
  • 27
    • 0036259559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficienct natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with IKK-gamma/NEMO mutations
    • Orange JS, Brodeur SR, Jain A, et al.: Deficienct natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with IKK-gamma/NEMO mutations. J Clin Invest 2002, 109:1501-1509. This paper shows that integrity of IKKγ is crucial not only to allow terminal B-cell differentiation, but also NK cell activity, thus explaining the broad range of susceptibility to infections observed in patients with HIGM-ED.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.109 , pp. 1501-1509
    • Orange, J.S.1    Brodeur, S.R.2    Jain, A.3
  • 29
    • 0031749459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome showing features of non-X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
    • Wolpert KA, Webster ADB, Whittaker SJ: Discoid lupus erythematosus associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome showing features of non-X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Br Journ Dermatol 1998, 138:1053-1057.
    • (1998) Br Journ Dermatol , vol.138 , pp. 1053-1057
    • Wolpert, K.A.1    Webster, A.D.B.2    Whittaker, S.J.3
  • 30
    • 0026693906 scopus 로고
    • CD40 functionally expressed on human thymic epithelium
    • Galy AHM, Spits H: CD40 functionally expressed on human thymic epithelium. J Immunol 1992, 149:775.
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.149 , pp. 775
    • Galy, A.H.M.1    Spits, H.2
  • 31
    • 0035164360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased T cell autoreactivity in the absence of CD40-CD40Ligand interactions: A role of CD40 in regulatory T cell development
    • Kumanogoh A, Wang X, Lee I, et al.: Increased T cell autoreactivity in the absence of CD40-CD40Ligand interactions: a role of CD40 in regulatory T cell development. J Immunol 2001, 166:353-360.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 353-360
    • Kumanogoh, A.1    Wang, X.2    Lee, I.3
  • 32
    • 0028877057 scopus 로고
    • An essential role for gp39, the ligand for CD40, in thymic selection
    • Foy TM, Page DM, Waldschmidt TJ, et al.: An essential role for gp39, the ligand for CD40, in thymic selection. J Exp Med 1995, 182:1377.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 1377
    • Foy, T.M.1    Page, D.M.2    Waldschmidt, T.J.3
  • 33
    • 0029983837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune regulation by CD40 and its ligand gp39
    • Foy TM, Aruffo A, Bajorath J, et al.: Immune regulation by CD40 and its ligand gp39 Annu Rev Immunol 1996, 14:591-617.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 591-617
    • Foy, T.M.1    Aruffo, A.2    Bajorath, J.3
  • 34
    • 0013277286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular visualization of immunoglobulin switch region RNA/DNA complex by atomic force microscope
    • Mizuta R, Iwai K, Shigeno M, et al.: Molecular visualization of immunoglobulin switch region RNA/DNA complex by atomic force microscope. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:4431-4434.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 4431-4434
    • Mizuta, R.1    Iwai, K.2    Shigeno, M.3
  • 35
    • 0037230164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidation of a downstream boundary of the 3′ IgH regulatory region
    • Manis JP, Michaelson JS, Birshtein BK, et al.: Elucidation of a downstream boundary of the 3′ IgH regulatory region. Mol Immunol 2003, 39:753-760.
    • (2003) Mol Immunol , vol.39 , pp. 753-760
    • Manis, J.P.1    Michaelson, J.S.2    Birshtein, B.K.3
  • 36
    • 0034604622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription-induced cleavage of immunoglobulin switch regions by nucleotide excision repair nucleases in vitro
    • Tian M, Alt FW: Transcription-induced cleavage of immunoglobulin switch regions by nucleotide excision repair nucleases in vitro. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:24163-24172.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 24163-24172
    • Tian, M.1    Alt, F.W.2
  • 37
    • 0035818990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID is required to initiate Nbs1/gamma-H2AX focus formation and mutations at sites of class switching
    • Petersen S, Casellas R, Reina-San-Martin B, et al.: AID is required to initiate Nbs1/gamma-H2AX focus formation and mutations at sites of class switching. Nature 2001, 6:660-665.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.6 , pp. 660-665
    • Petersen, S.1    Casellas, R.2    Reina-San-Martin, B.3
  • 38
    • 0033517110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The liaison of isotype class switch and mismatch repair: An illegitimate affair
    • Kenter AL: The liaison of isotype class switch and mismatch repair: an illegitimate affair. J Exp Med 1999, 190:307-310.
    • (1999) J Exp Med , vol.190 , pp. 307-310
    • Kenter, A.L.1
  • 39
    • 0033517129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced isotype switching in splenic B-cells from mice deficient in mismatch repair enzymes
    • Schrader CE, Edelmann W, Kucherlapati R, et al.: Reduced isotype switching in splenic B-cells from mice deficient in mismatch repair enzymes. J Exp Med 1999, 190:323-330.
    • (1999) J Exp Med , vol.190 , pp. 323-330
    • Schrader, C.E.1    Edelmann, W.2    Kucherlapati, R.3
  • 40
    • 0036234455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes: Merging mechanisms for genetic diversity
    • Papavasiliou FN, Schatz DG: Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes: merging mechanisms for genetic diversity. Cell 2002, 109:S35-S44.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.109
    • Papavasiliou, F.N.1    Schatz, D.G.2
  • 41
    • 0032555715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation, transcription, and DNA mismatch repair
    • Wiesendanger M, Scharff MD, Edelmann W: Somatic hypermutation, transcription, and DNA mismatch repair. Cell 1998, 94:415-418.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.94 , pp. 415-418
    • Wiesendanger, M.1    Scharff, M.D.2    Edelmann, W.3
  • 42
    • 0035377269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes
    • Zeng X, Winter DB, Kasmer C, et al.: DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes. Nat Immunol 2001, 2:537-541.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 537-541
    • Zeng, X.1    Winter, D.B.2    Kasmer, C.3
  • 43
    • 0035005241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The translesion DNA polymerase zeta plays a major role in Ig and bcl-6 somatic hypermutation
    • Zan H, Komori A, Li Z, et al.: The translesion DNA polymerase zeta plays a major role in Ig and bcl-6 somatic hypermutation. Immunity 2001, 14:643-653.
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 643-653
    • Zan, H.1    Komori, A.2    Li, Z.3
  • 44
    • 0033637358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA double-strand breaks in immunoglobulin genes undergoing somatic hypermutation
    • Bross L, Fukita Y, McBlane F, et al.: DNA double-strand breaks in immunoglobulin genes undergoing somatic hypermutation. Immunity 2000, 13:589-597.
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.13 , pp. 589-597
    • Bross, L.1    Fukita, Y.2    McBlane, F.3
  • 45
    • 0034626802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-cycle-regulated DNA double stranded breaks in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes
    • Papavasiliou FN, Schatz DG: Cell-cycle-regulated DNA double stranded breaks in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Nature 2000, 408:216-221.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 216-221
    • Papavasiliou, F.N.1    Schatz, D.G.2
  • 46
    • 0032100485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of DNA repair in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes
    • Kim N, Storb U: The role of DNA repair in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. J Exp Med 1998, 187:1729-1733.
    • (1998) J Exp Med , vol.187 , pp. 1729-1733
    • Kim, N.1    Storb, U.2
  • 47
    • 0035379581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation hotspots correlate with DNA polymerase eta error spectrum
    • Rogozin IB, Pavlov YI, Bebenek K, et al.: Somatic mutation hotspots correlate with DNA polymerase eta error spectrum. Nat Immunol 2001, 2:530-536.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 530-536
    • Rogozin, I.B.1    Pavlov, Y.I.2    Bebenek, K.3
  • 48
    • 0037206851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase iota
    • Faili A, Aoufouchi S, Flatter E: Induction of somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase iota. Nature 2002, 419:944-947.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 944-947
    • Faili, A.1    Aoufouchi, S.2    Flatter, E.3
  • 49
    • 0035377269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes
    • Zeng X, Winter D, Kasmer C, et al.: DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes. Nat Immunol 2001, 2:537-541.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 537-541
    • Zeng, X.1    Winter, D.2    Kasmer, C.3
  • 50
    • 0035313995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an understanding of somatic hypermutation
    • Jacobs H, Bross L: Towards an understanding of somatic hypermutation. Curr Opin Immunol 2001, 13:208-218.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 208-218
    • Jacobs, H.1    Bross, L.2
  • 51
    • 0033603340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a novel member of the RNA-editing deaminase family in germinal center B-cells
    • Muramatsu M, Sankaranand VS, Anant S, et al.: Specific expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a novel member of the RNA-editing deaminase family in germinal center B-cells. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:18470-18476.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 18470-18476
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Sankaranand, V.S.2    Anant, S.3
  • 52
    • 0034662773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation tissue distribution and chromosomal localization of the human activation-Induced cytidine deaminase (hAID) gene
    • Muto T, Muramatsu M, Taniwaki M, et al.: Isolation tissue distribution and chromosomal localization of the human activation-Induced cytidine deaminase (hAID) gene. Genomics 2000, 15:85-88.
    • (2000) Genomics , vol.15 , pp. 85-88
    • Muto, T.1    Muramatsu, M.2    Taniwaki, M.3
  • 53
    • 0034268780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme
    • Muramatsu M, Kinoshita K, Fagarasan S, et al.: Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme. Cell 2000, 102:553-563.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 553-563
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Kinoshita, K.2    Fagarasan, S.3
  • 54
    • 0037076967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID enzyme-induced hypermutation in an actively transcribed gene in fibroblasts
    • Okazaki IM: Kinoshita K., Muramatsu M. et al.: AID enzyme-induced hypermutation in an actively transcribed gene in fibroblasts. Science 2002, 296:20033-20036. See annotation to ref. 55••.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 20033-20036
    • Okazaki, I.M.1    Kinoshita, K.2    Muramatsu, M.3
  • 55
    • 0037149473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID enzyme induces class switch recombination in fibroblasts
    • Yoshikawa K, Okazaki IM., Eto T, et al.: AID enzyme induces class switch recombination in fibroblasts. Nature 2002, 416:340-345. This paper, along with 54••, provides experimental evidence that AID is the only B-cell specific component of CSR and SHM machinery.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 340-345
    • Yoshikawa, K.1    Okazaki, I.M.2    Eto, T.3
  • 56
    • 0037019315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification
    • Petersen-Mahrt S, Harris R, Neuberger M: AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification. Nature 2002, 418:99-103. See annotation to ref. 58••.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 99-103
    • Petersen-Mahrt, S.1    Harris, R.2    Neuberger, M.3
  • 57
    • 0037108463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypermutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice
    • Rada C, Williams G, Nilsen H, et al.: Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypermutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice. Curr Biol 2002, 12:1748-1755. See annotation to ref, 58••.
    • (2002) Curr Biol , vol.12 , pp. 1748-1755
    • Rada, C.1    Williams, G.2    Nilsen, H.3
  • 58
    • 0037026482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase
    • Di Nola J, Neuberger M: Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase. Nature 2002, 419:1-3. This paper (along with 56•• and 57••) reports on the role of base excision-repair, and proposes a unifying model for CSR and SHM, with the demonstration that AID is a DNA-editing enzyme.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 1-3
    • Di Nola, J.1    Neuberger, M.2
  • 60
    • 0036732753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through Blys and APRIL
    • Litinskiy MB: Nardelli B., Hilbert DM. Et al.: DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through Blys and APRIL. Nat Immunol 2002, 3:822-829. This paper provides demonstration, through in vitro assays, that BLyS and APRIL are able to elicite CD40-independent Ig class switching and plasmacytoid differentiation.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 822-829
    • Litinskiy, M.B.1    Nardelli, B.2    Hilbert, D.M.3
  • 61
    • 0036080233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotype switching and the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma
    • Fenton JA, Pratt G, Rawstron AC: Isotype switching and the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol 2002, 20:75-85.
    • (2002) Hematol Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 75-85
    • Fenton, J.A.1    Pratt, G.2    Rawstron, A.C.3
  • 62
    • 0035839959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of chromosomal translocations in B cell lymphomas
    • Kuppers R, Dalla-Favera R: Mechanisms of chromosomal translocations in B cell lymphomas. Oncogene 2001, 20:5580-5594.
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , pp. 5580-5594
    • Kuppers, R.1    Dalla-Favera, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.