Identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genes important for survival during infection in its natural host

Infection and Immunity

Volumn 71, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 3960-3970

  Sheehan, Brian J ^a,c   Bossé, Janine T ^a   Beddek, Amanda J ^b   Rycroft, Andrew N ^b   Kroll, J Simon ^a   Langford, Paul R ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

^c Intervet UK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENOMIC DNA; KANAMYCIN; NALIDIXIC ACID;

ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIAE; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM MUTANT; DNA SEQUENCE; MUTAGENESIS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNATURE TAGGED MUTAGENESIS; SURVIVAL RATE; SWINE DISEASE;

ACTINOBACILLUS INFECTIONS; ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIAE; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; ANIMALS; ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS; DNA REPAIR; DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE; SWINE; VIRULENCE;

EID: 0038309764     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.7.3960-3970.2003     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. E-dependent extracytoplasmic stress response is controlled by the regulated proteolysis of an anti-sigma factor. Genes Dev. 13:2449-2461.
2. Altschul, S. F., W. Gish, W. Miller, E. W. Myers, and D. J. Lipman. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 15:403-410.
3. Anderson, L. A., E. McNairn, T. Leubke, R. N. Pau, and D. H. Boxer. 2000. ModE-dependent molybdate regulation of the molybdenum cofactor operon moa in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 182:7035-7043.
4. Autret, N., I. Dubail, P. Trieu-Cuot, P. Berche, and A. Charbit. 2001. Identification of new genes involved in the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes by signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis. Infect. Immun. 69:2054-2065.
5. Bader, M., W. Muse, D. P. Ballou, C. Gassner, and J. C. Bardwell. 1999. Oxidative protein folding is driven by the electron transport system. Cell 98:217-227.
6. Bader, M. W., T. Xie, C. A. Yu, and J. C. Bardwell. 2000. Disulfide bonds are generated by quinone reduction. J. Biol. Chem. 275:26082-26088.
7. Bass, S., Q. Gu, and A. Christen. 1996. Multicopy suppressors of prc mutant Escherichia coli include two HtrA (DegP) protease homologs (HhoAB), DksA, and a truncated R1pA. J. Bacteriol. 178:1154-1161.
8. Bassler, B. L. 1999. How bacteria talk to each other: regulation of gene expression by quorum sensing. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2:582-587.
9. Beale, S. I. 1996. Biosynthesis of hemes, p. 731-748. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtis III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed), Escherichia coli and Salmonella, 2nd ed., vol. 1. ASM press, Washington, D.C.
10. +-translocating NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase of Vibrio alginolyticus. FEBS Lett. 356:333-338.
11. Bedzyk, L., T. Wang, and R. W. Ye. 1999. The periplasmic nitrate reductase in Pseudomonas sp. strain G-179 catalyzes the first step of denitrification. J. Bacteriol. 181:2802-2806.
12. Bender, J., and N. Kleckner. 1992. Tn10 insertion specificity is strongly dependent upon sequences immediately adjacent to the target-site consensus sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7996-8000.
13. Bossé, J. T., H. D. Gilmour, and J. I. MacInnes. 2001. Novel genes affecting urease activity in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 183:1242-1247.
14. Bossé, J. T., H. Janson, B. J. Sheehan, A. J. Beddek, A. N. Rycroft, J. S. Kroll, and P. R. Langford. 2002. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: pathobiology and pathogenesis of infection. Microbes Infect. 4:225-235.
15. Brige, A., J. A. Cole, W. R. Hagen, Y. Guisez, and J. J. Van Beeumen. 2001. Overproduction, purification and novel redox properties of the dihaem cytochrome c, NapB, from Haemophilus influenzae. Biochem. J. 356:851-858.
16. Calderwood, S. B., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1987. Iron regulation of Shiga-like toxin expression in Escherichia coli is mediated by the fur locus. J. Bacteriol. 169:4759-4764.
17. Chiers, K., I. van Overbeke, P. De Laender, R. Ducatelle, S. Carel, and F. Haesebrouck. 1998. Effects of endobronchial challenge with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 of pigs vaccinated with inactivated vaccines containing the Apx toxins. Vet. Q. 20:65-69.
18. Contreras, I., C. S. Toro, G. Troncoso, and G. C. Mora. 1997. Salmonella typhi mutants defective in anaerobic respiration are impaired in their ability to replicate within epithelial cells. Microbiology 143:2665-2672.
19. Cruijsen, T., L. A. van Leengoed, M. Ham-Hoffies, and J. H. Verheijden. 1995. Convalescent pigs are protected completely against infection with a homologous Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain but incompletely against a heterologous-serotype strain. Infect. Immun. 63:2341-2343.
20. Cruz, W. T., Y. A. Nedialkov, B. J. Thacker, and M. H. Mulks. 1996. Molecular characterization of a common 48-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 64:83-90.
21. Dartigalongue, C., D. Missiakas, and S. Raina. 2001. Characterization of the Escherichia coli sigma E regulon. J. Biol. Chem. 276:20866-20875.
22. de Lorenzo, V., M. Herrero, U. Jakubzik, and K. N. Timmis. 1990. Mini-Tn5 transposon derivatives for insertion mutagenesis, promoter probing, and chromosomal insertion of cloned DNA in gram-negative eubacteria. J. Bacteriol. 172:6557-6567.
23. Deuerling, E., A. Schulze-Specking, T. Tomoyasu, A. Mogk, and B. Bukau. 1999. Trigger factor and DnaK cooperate in folding of newly synthesized proteins. Nature 400:693-696.
24. Duim, B., J. Dankert, H. M. Jansen, and L. van Alphen. 1993. Genetic analysis of the diversity in outer membrane protein P2 of non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae. Microb. Pathog. 14:451-462.
25. Fleischmann, R. D., M. D. Adams, O. White, R. A. Clayton, E. F. Kirkness, A. R. Kerlavage, C. J. Bult, J. F. Tomb, B. A. Dougherty, J. M. Merrick, et al. 1995. Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd. Science 269:496-512.
26. Freeman, B. C., and R. I. Morimoto. 1996. The human cytosolic molecular chaperones hsp90, hsp70 (hsc70) and hdj-1 have distinct roles in recognition of a non-native protein and protein refolding. EMBO J. 15:2969-2979.
27. Freistroffer, D. V., M. Y. Pavlov, J. MacDougall, R. H. Buckingham, and M. Ehrenberg. 1997. Release factor RF3 in E. coli accelerates the dissociation of release factors RF1 and RF2 from the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner. EMBO J. 16:4126-4133.
28. Fuller, T. E., M. J. Kennedy, and D. E. Lowery. 2000. Identification of Pasteurella multocida virulence genes in a septicemic mouse model using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Microb. Pathog. 29:25-38.
29. Fuller, T. E., S. Martin, J. F. Teel, G. R. Alaniz, M. J. Kennedy, and D. E. Lowery. 2000. Identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae virulence genes using signature-tagged mutagenesis in a swine infection model. Microb. Pathog. 29:39-51.
30. Fuller, T. E., R. J. Shea, B. J. Thacker, and M. H. Mulks. 1999. Identification of in vivo induced genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Microb. Pathog. 27:311-327.
31. Furesz, S. E., B. A. Mallard, J. T. Bosse, S. Rosendai, B. N. Wilkie, and J. I. MacInnes. 1997. Antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected and bacterin-vaccinated pigs. Infect. Immun. 65:358-365.
32. Gabelli, S. B., M. A. Bianchet, M. J. Bessman, and L. M. Amzel. 2001. The structure of ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase reveals the structural basis for the versatility of the Nudix family. Nat. Struct. Biol. 8:467-472.
33. 2+ transport system. Mol. Microbiol. 5:2753-2762.
34. Glansdorff, N. 1996. Biosynthesis of arginine and polyamines, p. 408-433. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtis III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella, 2nd ed., vol. 1. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
35. Gong, S., S. W. Bearden, V. A. Geoffroy, J. D. Fetherston, and R. D. Perry. 2001. Characterization of the Yersinia pestis Yfu ABC inorganic iron transport system. Infect. Immun. 69:2829-2837.
36. Gottesman, S. 1996. Proteases and their targets in Escherichia coli. Annu. Rev. Genet. 30:465-506.
37. Haesebrouck, F., A. Van de Kerkhof, P. Dom, K. Chiers, and R. Ducatelle. 1996. Cross-protection between Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotypes-serotypes in pigs. Vet. Microbiol. 52:277-284.
38. Hantke, K. 2001. Iron and metal regulation in bacteria. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 4:172-177.
39. Hase, C. C., and B. Barquera. 2001. Role of sodium bioenergetics in Vibrio cholerae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1505:169-178.
40. Hayashi, M., Y. Nakayama, and T. Unemoto. 1996. Existence of Na+-translocating NADH-quinone reductase in Haemophilus influenzae. FEBS Lett. 381:174-176.
41. Hensel, M., J. E. Shea, C. Gleeson, M. D. Jones, E. Dalton, and D. W. Holden. 1995. Simultaneous identification of bacterial virulence genes by negative selection. Science 269:400-403.
42. Higgs, P. I., P. S. Myers, and K. Postle. 1998. Interactions in the TonB-dependent energy transduction complex: ExbB and ExbD form homomultimers. J. Bacteriol. 180:6031-6038.
43. High, N. J., M. E. Deadman, D. W. Hood, and E. R. Moxon. 1996. The identification a novel gene required for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis by Haemophilus influenzae RM7004, using transposon Tn916 mutagenesis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 145:325-331.
44. E, is critically important for the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. Infect. Immun. 67:1560-1568.
45. Jones, A. L., K. M. Knoll, and C. E. Rubens. 2000. Identification of Streptococcus agalactiae virulence genes in the neonatal rat sepsis model using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Mol. Microbiol. 37:1444-1455.
46. Kaltreider, H. B. 1976. Initiation of immune responses in the lower respiratory tract with red cell antigens., p. 73-97. In C. H. Kirkpatrick and H. Y. Reynolds (ed.), Immunologic and infectious reactions in the lung. Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y.
47. Keenleyside, W. J., P. Jayaratne, P. R. MacLachlan, and C. Whitfield. 1992. The rcsA gene of Escherichia coli O9:K30:H12 is involved in the expression of the serotype-specific group I K (capsular) antigen. J. Bacteriol. 174:8-16.
48. Keller, K. L., T. L. Overbeck-Carrick, and D. J. Beck. 2001. Survival and induction of SOS in Escherichia coli treated with cisplatin, UV-irradiation, or mitomycin C are dependent on the function of the RecBC and RecFOR pathways of homologous recombination. Mutat. Res. 486:21-29.
49. Kisselev, L. L., and R. H. Buckingham. 2000. Translational termination comes of age. Trends Biochem. Sci. 25:561-566.
50. Kobayashi, N., K. Nishino, and A. Yamaguchi. 2001. Novel macrolide-specific ABC-type efflux transporter in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 183:5639-5644.
51. Kobayashi, T., S. Kishigami, M. Sone, H. Inokuchi, T. Mogi, and K. Ito. 1997. Respiratory chain is required to maintain oxidized states of the DsbA-DsbB disulfide bond formation system in aerobically growing Escherichia coli cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11857-11862.
52. Kohler, S., J. Teyssier, A. Cloeckaert, B. Rouot, and J. P. Liautard. 1996. Participation of the molecular chaperone DnaK in intracellular growth of Brucella suis within U937-derived phagocytes. Mol. Microbiol. 20:701-712.
53. Kranz, R., R. Lill, B. Goldman, G. Bonnard, and S. Merchant. 1998. Molecular mechanisms of cytochrome c biogenesis: three distinct systems. Mol. Microbiol. 29:383-396.
54. Kuzminov, A. 1999. Recombinational repair of DNA damage in Escherichia coli and bacteriophage lambda. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63:751-813.
55. Labrie, J., S. Rioux, M. M. Wade, F. R. Champlin, S. C. Holman, W. W. Wilson, C. Savoye, M. Kobisch, M. Sirois, C. Galarneau, and M. Jacques. 2002. Identification of genes involved in biosynthesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 O-antigen and biological properties of rough mutants. J. Endotoxin Res. 8:27-38.
56. Lau, G. W., S. Haataja, M. Lonetto, S. E. Kensit, A. Marra, A. P. Bryant, D. McDevitt, D. A. Morrison, and D. W. Holden. 2001. A functional genomic analysis of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence. Mol. Microbiol. 40:555-571.
57. Lewis, D. A., J. Klesney-Tait, S. R. Lumbley, C. K. Ward, J. L. Latimer, C. A. Ison, and E. J. Hansen. 1999. Identification of the znuA-encoded periplasmic zinc transport protein of Haemophilus ducreyi. Infect. Immun. 67:5060-5068.
58. Lu, D., B. Boyd, and C. A. Lingwood. 1998. The expression and characterization of a putative adhesin B from H. influenzae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 165:129-137.
59. Lu, D., B. Boyd, and C. A. Lingwood. 1997. Identification of the key protein for zinc uptake in Haemophilus influenzae. J. Biol. Chem. 272:29033-29038.
60. Maroncle, N., D. Balestrino, C. Rich, and C. Forestier. 2002. Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae genes involved in intestinal colonization and adhesion using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Infect. Immun. 70:4729-4734.
61. May, B. J., Q. Zhang, L. L. Li, M. L. Paustian, T. S. Whittam, and V. Kapur. 2001. Complete genomic sequence of Pasteurella multocida, Pm70. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:3460-3465.
62. Miller, V. L., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1988. A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR. J. Bacteriol. 170:2575-2583.
63. Mizusawa, S., and S. Gottesman. 1983. Protein degradation in Escherichia coli: the lon gene controls the stability of sulA protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:358-362.
64. Moeck, G. S., and J. W. Coulton. 1998. TonB-dependent iron acquisition: mechanisms of siderophore-mediated active transport. Mol. Microbiol. 28:675-681.
65. Moreno-Vivian, C., P. Cabello, M. Martinez-Luque, R. Blasco, and F. Castillo. 1999. Prokaryotic nitrate reduction: molecular properties and functional distinction among bacterial nitrate reductases. J. Bacteriol. 181:6573-6584.
66. Nakahigashi, K., K. Miyamoto, K. Nishimura, and H. Inokuchi. 1992. Isolation and characterization of a light-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 with a mutation in a gene that is required for the biosynthesis of ubiquinone. J. Bacteriol. 174:7352-7359.
67. Neuhaus, K., S. Rapposch, K. P. Francis, and S. Scherer. 2000. Restart of exponential growth of cold-shocked Yersinia enterocolitica occurs after down-regulation of cspA1/A2 mRNA. J. Bacteriol. 182:3285-3288.
68. Nielsen, R. 1979. Haemophilus parahaemolyticus serotypes. Pathogenicity and cross immunity. Nord. Vet. Med. 31:407-413.
69. Noriega, F. R., G. Losonsky, C. Lauderbaugh, F. M. Liao, J. Y. Wang, and M. M. Levine. 1996. Engineered ΔguaB-A ΔvirG Shigella flexneri 2a strain CVD 1205: construction, safety, immunogenicity, and potential efficacy as a mucosal vaccine. Infect. Immun. 64:3055-3061.
70. Occhino, D. A., E. E. Wyckoff, D. P. Henderson, T. J. Wrona, and S. M. Payne. 1998. Vibrio cholerae iron transport: haem transport genes are linked to one of two sets of tonB, exbB, exbD genes. Mol. Microbiol. 29:1493-1507.
71. Ohara, M., H. C. Wu, K. Sankaran, and P. D. Rick. 1999. Identification and characterization of a new lipoprotein, NlpI, in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 181:4318-4325.
72. Patte, J.-C. 1996. Biosynthesis of threonine and lysine, p. 528-541. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtis III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella, 2nd ed., vol. 1. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
73. Penfound, T., and J. W. Foster. 1996. Biosynthesis and recycling of NAD, p. 721-729. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtis III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella, 2nd ed., vol. 1. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
74. Petersen, L., and D. M. Downs. 1996. Mutations in apbC (mrp) prevent function of the alternative pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 178:5676-5682.
75. Prince, R. W., D. G. Storey, A. I. Vasil, and M. L. Vasil. 1991. Regulation of toxA and regA by the Escherichia coli fur gene and identification of a Fur homologue in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103 and PA01. Mol. Microbiol. 5:2823-2831.
76. Raina, S., D. Missiakas, and C. Georgopoulos. 1995. The rpoE gene encoding the sigma E (sigma 24) heat shock sigma factor of Escherichia coli. EMBO J. 14:1043-1055.
77. Rauhut, R., and G. Klug. 1999. mRNA degradation in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 23:353-370.
78. Richarme, G., A. el Yaagoubi, and M. Kohiyama. 1993. The MglA component of the binding protein-dependent galactose transport system of Salmonella typhimurium is a galactose-stimulated ATPase. J. Biol. Chem. 268:9473-9437.
79. Rioux, S., C. Begin, J. D. Dubreuil, and M. Jacques. 1997. Isolation and characterization of LPS mutants of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Curr. Microbiol. 35:139-144.
80. Rioux, S., C. Galarneau, J. Harel, J. Frey, J. Nicolet, M. Kobisch, J. D. Dubreuil, and J. Jasques. 1999. Isolation and characterization of mini-Tn10 lipopolysaccharide mutants of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Can J. Microbiol. 45:1017-1026.
81. Rioux, S., C. Galarneau, J. Harel, M. Kobisch, J. Frey, M. Gottschalk, and M. Jacques. 2000. Isolation and characterization of a capsule-deficient mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Microb. Pathog. 28:279-289.
82. Rivers, S. L., E. McNairn, F. Blasco, G. Giordano, and D. H. Boxer. 1993. Molecular genetic analysis of the moa operon of Escherichia coli K-12 required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. Mol. Microbiol. 8:1071-1081.
83. Robertson, G. T., M. E. Kovach, C. A. Allen, T. A. Ficht, and R. M. Roop, 2nd. 2000. The Brucella abortus Lon functions as a generalized stress response protease and is required for wild-type virulence in BALB/c mice. Mol. Microbiol. 35:577-588.
84. Rouviere, P. E., A. De Las Penas, J. Mecsas, C. Z. Lu, K. E. Rudd, and C. A. Gross. 1995. rpoE, the gene encoding the second heat-shock sigma factor, sigma E, in Escherichia coli. EMBO J. 14:1032-1042.
85. Rudiger, S., J. Schneider-Mergener, and B. Bukau. 2001. Its substrate specificity characterizes the DnaJ co-chaperone as a scanning factor for the DnaK chaperone. EMBO J. 20:1042-1050.
86. Russo, T. A., S. T. Jodush, J. J. Brown, and J. R. Johnson. 1996. Identification of two previously unrecognized genes (guaA and argC) important for uropathogenesis. Mol. Microbiol. 22:217-229.
87. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd. ed. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
88. Schaller, A., R. Kuhn, P. Kuhnert, J. Nicolet, T. J. Anderson, J. I. MacInnes, R. P. Segers, and J. Frey. 1999. Characterization of apxIVA, a new RTX determinant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Microbiology 145:2105-2116.
89. Schmitt, M. P., and R. K. Holmes. 1991. Iron-dependent regulation of diphtheria toxin and siderophore expression by the cloned Corynebacterium diphtheriae repressor gene dtxr in C. diphtheriae C7 strains. Infect. Immun. 59:1899-1904.
90. Sun, Y. H., S. Bakshi, R. Chalmers, and C. M. Tang. 2000. Functional genomics of Neisseria meningitidis pathogenesis. Nat. Med. 6:1269-1273.
91. Suzuki, C. K., M. Rep, J. M. van Dijl, K. Suda, L. A. Grivell, and G. Schatz. 1997. ATP-dependent proteases that also chaperone protein biogenesis. Trends Biochem. Sci. 22:118-123.
92. Theisen, M., C. R. Rioux, and A. A. Potter. 1993. Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and characterization of lppB, encoding an antigenic 40-kilodalton lipoprotein of Haemophilus somnus. Infect. Immun. 61:1793-1798.
93. Thomas, J. G., and F. Baneyx. 2000. ClpB and HtpG facilitate de novo protein folding in stressed Escherichia coli cells. Mol. Microbiol. 36:1360-1370.
94. Thony-Meyer, L., F. Fischer, P. Kunzler, D. Ritz, and H. Hennecke. 1995. Escherichia coli genes required for cytochrome c maturation. J. Bacteriol. 177:4321-4326.
95. Tomoyasu, T., T. Ogura, T. Tatsuta, and B. Bukau. 1998. Levels of DnaK and DnaJ provide tight control of heat shock gene expression and protein repair in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 30:567-581.
96. Tonpitak, W., S. Thiede, W. Oswald, N. Baltes, and G. F. Gerlach. 2000. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae iron transport: a set of exbBD genes is transcriptionally linked to the tbpB gene and required for utilization of transferrin-bound iron. Infect. Immun. 68:1164-1170.
97. Toone, W. M., K. E. Rudd, and J. D. Friesen. 1991. deaD, a new Escherichia coli gene encoding a presumed ATP-dependent RNA helicase, can suppress a mutation in rpsB, the gene encoding ribosomal protein S2. J. Bacteriol. 173:3291-3302.
98. Wang, J. Y., M. F. Pasetti, F. R. Noriega, R. J. Anderson, S. S. Wasserman, J. E. Galen, M. B. Sztein, and M. M. Levine. 2001. Construction, genotypic and phenotypic characterization, and immunogenicity of attenuated ΔguaBA Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain CVD 915. Infect. Immun. 69:4734-4741.
99. Ward, C. K., and T. J. Inzana. 1997. Identification and characterization of a DNA region involved in the export of capsular polysaccharide by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5a. Infect. Immun. 65:2491-2496.
100. Ward, C. K., M. L. Lawrence, H. P. Veit, and T. J. Inzana. 1998. Cloning and mutagenesis of a serotype-specific DNA region involved in encapsulation and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5a: concomitant expression of serotype 5a and 1 capsular polysaccharides in recombinant A, pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Infect. Immun. 66:3326-3336.
101. Winzer, K., K. R. Hardie, N. Burgess, N. Doherty, D. Kirke, M. T. Holden, R. Linforth, K. A. Cornell, A. J. Taylor, P. J. Hill, and P. Williams. 2002. LuxS: its role in central metabolism and the in vitro synthesis of 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone. Microbiology 148:909-922.
102. Yamanaka, K., and M. Inouye. 2001. Selective MRNA degradation by polynucleotide phosphorylase in cold shock adaptation in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 183:2808-2816.
103. Yi, K., and T. F. Murphy. 1997. Importance of an immunodominant surface-exposed loop on outer membrane protein P2 of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Infect. Immun. 65:150-155.
104. Yu, J., and J. S. Kroll. 1999. DsbA: a protein-folding catalyst contributing to bacterial virulence. Microbes Infect. 1:1221-1228.
105. Zhao, Q., and K. Poole. 2000. A second tonB gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is linked to the exbB and exbD genes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 184:127-132.