Hemoglobin switching: New insights

Current Opinion in Hematology

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 123-129

  Peterson, Kenneth R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA GLOBIN; CIS ACTING ELEMENT; GAMMA GLOBIN; GLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN; PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 1;

CHROMATIN; GENE CONTROL; GENE FUNCTION; GENE LOCUS; GENE SWITCHING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENES, SWITCH; GLOBINS; HEMOGLOBINS; HUMANS; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 0037370573     PISSN: 10656251     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00062752-200303000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Stamatoyannopoulos G, Grosveld F. Hemoglobin switching. In The molecular basis of blood diseases. Edited by Stamatoyannopoulos G, Majerus PW, Perlmutter RM, et al. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001:135-182.
2. Bulger M, Sawado T, Schübeler D, et al.: ChIPs of the β-globin locus: unraveling gene regulation within an active domain. Curr Opin Genet Der 2002, 12:170-177.
3. Harju S, McQueen KJ, Peterson KR: Chromatin structure and control of β-like globin gene switching. Exp Biol Med 2002, 227:683-700.
4. Levings PP, Bungert J: The human β-globin locus control region. Eur J Biochem 2002, 269:1589-1599.
5. Li Q, Peterson KR, Fang X, et al.: Locus control regions. Blood 2002, 100:3077-3086.
6. West AG, Gaszner M, Felsenfeld G. Insulators: many functions, many mechanisms. Genes Dev 2002, 16:271-288.
7. Grosveld F. Activation by focus control regions? Curr Opin Genet Dev 1999, 9:152-157.
8. Navas PA, Li Q, Peterson KR, et al.: Activation of the β-like globin genes in transgenic mice is dependent on the presence of the β-locus control region. Hum Mol Genet 2002, 11:893-903.
9. Plant KE, Routledge SJE, Proudfoot NJ: Intergenic transcription in the human β-globin gene cluster. Mol Cell Biol 2001, 21:6507-6514.
10. Schübeler D, Groudine M, Bender MA: The murine β-globin locus control region regulates the rate of transcription but not the hyperacetylation of histones at the active genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:11432-11437.
11. Johnson KD, Norton JE, Bresnick EH: Requirements for utilization of CREB binding protein by hypersensitive site two of the β-globin locus control region. Nucleic Acids Res 2002, 30:1522-1530. • A role for CBP in 5′HS2 activation of gene expression is established, and a role for NF-E2-mediated recruitment of CBP to 5′HS2 is implicated.
12. Molete JM, Petrykowska H, Sigg M, et al.: Functional and binding studies of HS3.2 of the β-globin locus control region. Gene 2002, 283:185-197.
13. Xu DD, Liu DP, Ji XJ, et al.: In vivo DNA-protein interactions at hypersensitive site 3.5 of the human β-globin locus control region. Biochem Cell Biol 2001, 79:747-754.
14. Navas PA, Peterson KR, Li Q, et al.: The 5′HS4 core element of the human β-globin locus control region is required for high-level globin gene expression in definitive but not in primitive erythropoiesis. J Mol Biol 2001, 312:17-26.
15. Li Q, Zhang M, Han H, et al.: Evidence that DNase I hypersensitive site 5 of the human β-globin locus control region functions as a chromosomal insulator in transgenic mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2002, 30:2484-2491.
16. Recillas-Targa F, Pikaart MJ, Burgess-Beusse B, et al.: Position-effect protection and enhancer blocking by the chicken β-globin insulator are separable activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:6883-6888. •• This article demonstrates that a minimal core insufator contains separate regions encoding enhancer-blocking and barrier activities.
17. Mutskov VJ, Farrell CM, Wade PA, et al.: The barrier function of an insulator couples high histone acetylation levels with specific protection of promoter DNA from methylation. Genes Dev 2002, 16:1540-1554. •• The acetylation activity associated with insulator barrier function is responsible for preventing methylation of insulated gene promoters independent of transcription or functional enhancers.
18. Farrell CM, West AG, Felsenfeld G: Conserved CTCF insulator elements flank the mouse and human β-globin loci. Mol Cell Biol 2002, 22:3820-3831. • This article demonstrates that β-globin loci-flanking boundary elements are highly conserved across species.
19. Yu T, Thomas DM, Zhu W, et al.: Regulation of fetal versus embryonic γ-globin genes: appropriate developmental stage expression patterns in the presence of HS2 of the locus control region. Blood 2002, 99:1082-1084.
20. Duan ZJ, Fang X, Rohde A, et al.: Developmental specificity of recruitment of TBP to the TATA box of the human γ-globin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:5509-5514.
21. Mahajan MC, Weissman SM.: DNA-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (helicase-like transcription factor) activates β-globin transcription in K562 cells, Blood 2002, 99:348-356.
22. Chase MB, Fu S, Haga SB, et al.: BP1, a homeodomain-containing isoform of DLX4, represses the β-globin gene, Mol Cell Biol 2002, 22:2505-2514.
23. Kihm AJ, Kong Y, Hong W, et al.: An abundant erythroid protein that stabilizes free α-haemoglobin. Nature 2002, 417:758-763. •• AHSP is a chaperone that prevents precipitation of free α-hemoglobin in vivo, suggesting that α-globin chain levels and their incorporation into hemoglobin is controlled posttranslationally. This is in contrast to β-globin chain levels, which are largely controlled via regulation of transcription.
24. Tanabe O, Katsuoka F, Campbell AD, et al.: An embryonic/fetal β-type globin gene repressor contains a nuclear receptor TR2/TR4 heterodimer. EMBO J 2002, 21:3434-3442.
25. Pandya K, Donze D, Townes TM: Novel transactivation domain in erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF). J Biol Chem. 2001, 276:8239-8243.
26. Pandya K, Townes TM: Basic residues within the Krüppel zinc finger DNA binding domains are the critical nuclear localization determinants of EKLF/KLF-1. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:16304-16312.
27. Brown RC, Pattison S, van Ree J, et al.: Distinct domains of erythroid Krüppel-like factor modulate chromatin remodeling and transactivation at the endogenous β-globin gene promoter. Mol Cell Biol 2002, 22:161-170.
28. Song CZ, Keller K, Murata K, et al.: Functional interaction between coactivators CBP/p300, PCAF, and transcription factor FKLF2. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:7029-7036.
29. Johnson KD, Grass JA, Boyer ME, et al.: Cooperative activities of hematopoietic regulators recruit RNA polymerase II to a tissue-specific chromatin domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:11760-11765. • This article demonstrates interaction of erythroid-specific transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2 and the basal transcription apparatus (RNA pol II) in the establishment of a productive transcription complex.
30. Francastel C, Magis W, Groudine M: Nuclear relocation of a transactivator subunit precedes target gene activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:12120-12125.
31. de Krom M, van de Corput M, von Lindern M, et al.: Stochastic patterns in globin gene expression are established prior to transcriptional activation and are clonally inherited. Mol Cell 2002, 9:1319-1326.
32. Horak CE, Mahajan MC, Luscombe, NM, et al.: GATA-1 binding sites mapped in the β-globin locus by using mammalian chlp-chip analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:2924-2929.
33. Anguita E, Johnson CA, Wood WG, et al.: Identification of a conserved erythroid specific domain of histone acetylation across the α-globin cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:12114-12119. • Cross-species conservation of erythroid-specific and nonerythroid cell patterns of acetylation across the α-globin locus was demonstrated.
34. Litt MD, Simpson M, Gaszner M, et al.: Correlation between histone lysine methylation and developmental changes ar the chicken β-globin locus. Science 2001, 293:2453-2455. •• The data in this article suggest that the insulators of the β-globin locus may provide a source of acetylase that inhibits methylation of insulated, actively expressed genes.