Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 342, Issue 13, 2000, Pages 905-912

  Gress, Todd W ^a   Nieto, F Javier ^b   Shahar, Eyal ^c   Wofford, Marion R ^d   Brancati, Frederick L ^a,b,e  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

ADULT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR;

ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BENZOTHIADIAZINES; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIURETICS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTER INHIBITORS;

EID: 0034732256     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200003303421301     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Kenny SJ, Aubert RE, Geiss LS. Prevalence and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In: National Diabetes Data Group, ed. Diabetes in America. Bethesda, Md.: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1995:47-68. (NIH publication no. 95-1468.)
2. Aubert RE, Geiss LS, Ballard DJ, Cocanougher B, Herman WH. Diabetes-related hospitalization and hospital utilization. In: National Diabetes Data Group, ed. Diabetes in America. Bethesda, Md.: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1995:553-69. (NIH publication no. 95-1468.)
3. Geiss LS, Herman WH, Smith PJ. Mortality in non-insulin dependent diabetes. In: National Diabetes Data Group, ed. Diabetes in America. Bethesda, Md.: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1995:233-58. (NIH publication no. 95-1468.)
4. Javitt JC, Chiang Y. Economic impact of diabetes. In: National Diabetes Data Group, ed. Diabetes in America. Bethesda, Md.: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1995:601-11. (NIH publication no. 95-1468.)
5. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86.
6. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998;352:837-53. [Erratum, Lancet 1999;354: 602.]
7. The Diabetes Prevention Program: design and methods for a clinical trial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22:623-34.
8. Sartor G, Schersten B, Carlstrom S, Melander A, Norden A, Persson G. Ten-year follow-up of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: prevention of diabetes by tolbutamide and diet regulation. Diabetes 1980;29:41-9.
9. Hammersley MS, Meyer LC, Morris RJ, Manley SE, Turner RC, Hoiman RR. The Fasting Hypcrglycaemia Study. I. Subject identification and recruitment for a non-insulin-dependent diabetes prevention trial. Metabolism 1997;46:Suppl 1:44-9.
10. Turner R, Holman R. The Early Diabetes Intervention Trial (EDIT). Oxford, England: University of Oxford, 1999. (See http://www.dtu.ox. ac.uk/index.html.) (See NAPS document no. 05540 for 5 pages, c/o Microfiche Publications, 248 Hempstead Tpk., West Hempstead, NY 11552.)
11. Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996:1465-76.
12. Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella EJ, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 1995;25:305-13.
13. Shapiro AP, Benedek TG, Small JL. Effect of thiazides on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med 1961;265: 1028-33.
14. Wolff FW, Parmley WW, White K, Okun R. Drug-induced diabetes: diabetogenic activity of long-term administration of benzothiadiazines. JAMA 1963;185:568-74.
15. Breckenridge A, Welborn TA, Dollery CT, Fraser R. Glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients on long-term diuretic therapy. Lancet 1967;1:61-4.
16. Kohner EM. Effect of diuretic therapy on glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients. Lancet 1971;1:986-90.
17. Adverse reactions to bendrofluazide and propranolol for the treatment of mild hypertension: report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension. Lancet 1981;2:539-43.
18. Helgeland A, Leren P, Foss OP, Hjermann I, Holme I, Lund-Larsen PG. Serum glucose levels during long-term observation of treated and untreated men with mild hypertension: the Oslo study. Am J Med 1984;76: 802-5.
19. Bengtsson C, Blohme G, Lapidus L, et al. Do antihypertensive drugs precipitate diabetes? BMJ 1984;289:1495-7
20. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Propranolol or hydrochlorothiazide alone for the initial treatment of hypertension. TV. Effect on plasma glucose and glucose tolerance. Hypertension 1985;7:1008-16.
21. Skarfors ET, Lithell HO, Selinus I, Aberg H. Do antihypertensive drugs precipitate diabetes in predisposed men? BMJ 1989;298:1147-52.
22. Fletcher AE. Adverse treatment effects in the trial of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly. Am J Med 1991; 90:42S-44S.
23. Gurwitz JH, Bohn RL, Glynn RJ, Monane M, Mogun H, Avorn J. Antihypertensive drug therapy and the initiation of treatment for diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:273-8.
24. Mykkanen L, Kuusisto J, Pyorala K, Laakso M, Haffner SM. Increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in elderly hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens 1994;12:1425-32.
25. Samuelsson O, Hedner T, Berglund G, Persson B, Andersson OK, Wilhelmsen L. Diabetes mellitus in treated hypertension: incidence, predictive factors and the impact of non-selective beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics during 15 years treatment of middle-aged hypertensive men in the Primary Prevention Trial Goteborg, Sweden. J Hum Hypertens 1994;8:257-63.
26. Psaty BM, Smith NL, Siscovick DS, et al. Health outcomes associated with antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 1997;277:739-45.
27. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-46. [Erratum, Arch Intern Med 1998;158:573.]
28. Berglund G, Andersson O, Widgren B. Low-dose antihypertensive treatment with a thiazide diuretic is not diabetogenic: a 10-year controlled trial with bendroflumethiazide. Acta Med Scand 1986;220:419-24.
29. Murphy MB, Lewis PJ, Kohner E, Schumer B, Dollery CT. Glucose intolerance in hypertensive patients treated with diuretics: a fourteen-year follow-up. Lancet 1982;2:1293-5.
30. Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Glynn RJ, et al. Risk factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus requiring treatment in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994;42:1235-40.
31. Helgeland A. Treatment of mild hypertension: a five-year controlled drug trial: the Oslo study. Am J Med 1980;69:725-32.
32. Neaton JD, Grimm RH Jr, Prineas RJ, et al. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study: final results. JAMA 1993;270:713-24.
33. Savage PJ, Pressel SL, Curb JD, et al. Influence of long-term, lowdose, diuretic-based, antihypertensive therapy on glucose, lipid, uric acid, and potassium levels in older men and women with isolated systolic hypertension: the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:741-51.
34. The ARIC Investigators. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:687-702.
35. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Operations manual no. 7. Blood collection and processing. Rockville, Md.: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1987.
36. Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36:936-42.
37. Neese JW. Development and evaluation of a hexokinase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase procedure for use as a national glucose reference method. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 1976. (DHEW publication no. (CDC) 77-8330.)
38. Siedel J, Hagele EO, Ziegenhorn J, Wahlefeld AW. Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total cholesterol with improved lipolytic efficiency. Clin Chem 1983;29:1075-80.
39. Lustgarten JA, Wenk RE. Simple, rapid, kinetic method for serum creatinine measurement. Clin Chem 1972;18:1419-22.
40. Rose GA, Blackburn H. Cardiovascular survey methods. World Health Organization monograph series no. 56. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1968.
41. Chiang CL. Standard error of the age-adjusted death rate. Vital statistics - special reports: selected studies. Vol. 47. No. 9. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, August 1961.
42. Grambsch PM, Therneau TM. Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals. Biometrika 1994;81:515-26.
43. Stata statistical software. College Station, Tex.: Stata, 1997.
44. Stolk RP, van Splunder IP, Schouten JS, Witteman JC, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. High blood pressure and the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: findings in a 11.5 year follow-up study in the Netherlands. Eur J Epidemiol 1993;9:134-9.
45. Morales PA, Mitchell BD, Valdez RA, Hazuda HP, Stern MP, Haffner SM. Incidence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in hypertensive subjects: the San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetes 1993;42:154-61.
46. Skarfors ET, Selinus KI, Lithell HO. Risk factors for developing non-insulin dependent diabetes: a 10 year follow up of men in Uppsala. BMJ 1991;303:755-60.
47. Jacob S, Rett K, Henriksen EJ. Antihypertensive therapy and insulin sensitivity: do we have to redefine the role of beta-blocking agents? Am J Hypertens 1998;11:1258-65.
48. Struthers AD, Murphy MB, Dollery CT. Glucose tolerance during antihypertensive therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Hypertension 1985;7:II-95-II-101.
49. Teuscher AU, Weidmann PU. Requirements for antihypertensive therapy in diabetic patients: metabolic aspects. J Hypertens Suppl 1997;15:S67-S75.