A strategy for skin irritation testing

American Journal of Contact Dermatitis

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 21-29

  Robinson, Michael K ^a   Perkins, Mary A ^a  

^a PROCTER AND GAMBLE COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CORROSION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; HUMAN; PATCH TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE DIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN IRRITATION; SKIN TOXICITY; TOXICITY TESTING;

EID: 0036189552     PISSN: 1046199X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/ajcd.2002.30471     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. A risk assessment process for allergic contact sensitization
2. Evaluation of the primary skin irritation and allergic contact sensitization potential of transdermal triprolidine
3. An approach to allergic contact sensitization risk assessment of new chemicals and product ingredients
4. A skin sensitization risk assessment approach for evaluation of new ingredients and products
5. In vitro and human testing strategies for skin irritation
6. Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes
7. Animal, human, and in vitro test methods for predicting skin irritation
8. Validity and ethics of the human 4-h patch test as an alternative method to assess acute skin irritation potential
9. Council Directive 93/35/EEC of 14 June 1993 amending for the 6th time Directive 76/768/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products
10. Strategies for the assessment of acute skin irritation potential
11. Non-animal testing strategies for assessment of the skin corrosion and skin irritation potential of ingredients and finish products
12. Skin irritation: Reference chemicals data bank
13. Skin corrosivity potential of fatty acids: In vitro rat and human skin testing and QSAR studies
14. A comparison of rabbit and human skin response to certain irritants
15. Interspecies comparisons of skin irritancy
16. Comparative dermatotoxicology. I. Direct comparison of rabbit and human primary skin irritation responses to isopropylmyristate
17. Evaluation of modified methods for determining skin irritation
18. An in vitro epidermal slice technique for identifying chemicals with potential for severe cutaneous effects
19. An in vitro skin corrosivity test-modifications and validation
20. An in vitro model for identifying skin-corrosive chemicals: I. Initial validation
21. Refinement of an in vitro test for the identification of skin corrosive chemicals
22. The skin corrosivity test in vitro: Results of an inter-laboratory trial
23. Measurement of transcutaneous elecrical resistance to assess the skin corrosivity potential of chemicals
24. Identification of irritation and corrosion hazards to skin: An alternative strategy to animal testing
25. Dermal corrosion, the CORROSITEX system: A DOT accepted method to predict corrosivity potential of test materials
26. In vitro skin irritation and corrosivity studies on organosilicon compounds
27. Development of an in vitro method for skin corrosion testing
28. The ECVAM international validation study on in vitro tests for skin corrosivity. 2. Results and evaluation by the management team
29. The validation and acceptance of alternatives to animal testing
30. The ECVAM prevalidation study on the use of EpiDerm for skin corrosivity testing
31. Statement on the application of the Epiderm human skin model for skin corrosivity testing
32. Annex I to Commission Directive 2000/33/EC adopting to technical progress for the 27th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances
33. New epidermal model for dermal irritancy testing
34. Use of human skin recombinants as an in vitro model for testing the irritation potential of cutaneous irritants
35. Assessment of the potential irritancy of oleic acid on human skin: Evaluation in vitro and in vivo
36. Use of dermal equivalent and skin equivalent models for identifying phototoxic compounds in vitro
37. Use of dermal equivalent and skin equivalent models for in vitro cutaneous irritation testing of cosmetic products: Comparison with in vivo human data
38. An interlaboratory study of the reproducibility and relevance of Episkin, reconstructed human epidermis, in the assessment of cosmetics irritancy
39. The use of human keratinocytes and human skin models for predicting skin irritation - The report and recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 38
40. Episkin: An in vitro system to assess the irritative potential of chemicals
41. Differential expression and release of cytokines by an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis following exposure to skin irritant and sensitizing chemicals
42. Predictivity of an in vitro model for acute and chronic skin irritation (SkinEthic) applied to the testing of topical vehicles
43. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo human skin responses to consumer products and ingredients with a range of irritancy potential
44. Use of human skin equivalent Apligraf for in vitro assessment of cumulative skin irritation potential of topical products
45. Prevalidation of in vitro tests for acute skin irritation
46. A prevalidation study on in vitro tests for acute skin irritation: Results and evaluation by the Management Team
47. Methods of the appraisal of the safety of cosmetics
48. New methods for evaluating cosmetic irritancy
49. Laboratory methods for evaluating skin irritancy
50. The correlation between animal tests and human tests in assessing product mildness
51. Safety evaluation of enzyme detergents. Oral and cutaneous toxicity, irritancy and skin sensitization studies
52. A quantitative human patch testing procedure for low-level skin irritants
53. Irritant effects of a detergent in wash and chamber tests
54. A reappraisal of the 21-day cumulative irritation test in man
55. In vivo assessment of irritants made simple and subjectfriendly
56. Predictive testing of metalworking fluids: A comparison of 2 cumulative human irritation models and correlation with epidemiological data
57. Reproducibility of the chamber scarification test
58. A comparison of two antecubital fossa tests with personal care products
59. A hand immersion test under laboratory-controlled usage conditions: The need for sensitive and controlled assessment methods
60. Rubbing test responses of the skin to man-made mineral fibres of different diameters
61. Effects of softened with unsoftened fabrics on sensitive skin
62. Skin effects associated with wearing fabrics washed with commercial laundry detergents
63. Patch tests versus use tests in skin irritation risk assessment
64. Test guidelines for assessment of skin compatibility of cosmetic finished products in man
65. Test guidelines for the assessment of skin tolerance of potentially irritant cosmetic ingredients in man
66. The identification and classification of skin irritation hazard by a human patch test
67. Evaluation of a human patch test for the identification and classification of skin irritation potential
68. The classification of skin irritants by human patch test
69. Individual, ethnic and seasonal variability in irritant susceptibility of skin: The implications for a predictive human patch test
70. Interlaboratory evaluation of a human patch test for the identification of skin irritation potential/hazard
71. Application of a 4-h human patch test method for comparative and investigative assessment of skin irritation
72. A two-center study of the development of acute irritation responses to fatty acids
73. The impact of atopic status on a predictive human test of skin irritation potential
74. Acute irritation thresholds in subjects with Type I-Type VI skin
75. Racial differences in acute and cumulative skin irritation responses between Caucasian and Asian populations
76. Variation in response of human skin to irritant challenge
77. Intra-individual variations in acute and cumulative skin irritation responses
78. A method for appraising the stinging capacity of topically applied substances
79. Adverse subjective responses
80. An improved procedure for conducting lactic acid stinging tests on facial skin
81. The use of chemical probes to assess the facial reactivity of women, comparing their self-perception of sensitive skin
82. Measurement of sensory irritation of the skin
83. Evaluation of a quantitative clinical method for assessment of sensory skin irritation
84. A clinical skin sampling approach to asses sensory skin irritation
85. Increases in human epidermal DR(+)CDI(+), DR(+)CDI(-)CD36(+), and DR(-)CD3(+) cells in allergic versus irritant patch test responses
86. Perturbation of epidermal barrier function correlates with initiation of cytokine cascade in human skin
87. Cytokine mRNA expression in human epidermis after patch treatment with rhus and sodium lauryl sulfate
88. A noninvasive method for quantifying and distinguishing inflammatory skin reactions
89. A noninvasive method to assess skin irritation and compromised skin conditions using simple tape adsorption of molecular markers of inflammation
90. Determination of density of follicles on various regions of the face by cyanoacrylate biopsy: Correlation with sebum output
91. Interleukin 1 is present in normal human epidermis
92. Reapplication of a novel noninvasive method for assessing the relationship of gingival inflammation and bleeding to gingival epithelium cytokine concentrations
93. A noninvasive method for recovery of inflammatory mediators to differentiate normal from compromised scalp conditions
94. Elevation of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the stratum corneum of sun-exposed and ultraviolet B-irradiated human skin
95. An increased ratio ofinterleukin-1 receptor antagonist to interleukin-1 alpha in inflammatory skin diseases
96. Alternative methods in dermatooxicology