The classification of skin irritants by human patch test

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 35, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 845-852

  Basketter, D A ^a   Chamberlain, M ^a   Griffiths, H A ^a   Rowson, M ^a   Whittle, E ^a   York, M ^a  

^a UNILEVER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 PROPANOL; ACETIC ACID; ALCOHOL; ALCOHOL DERIVATIVE; ALLERGEN; AMMONIUM CHLORIDE; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; BENZYL ALCOHOL; DECANOIC ACID; DECANOL; DODECYL SULFATE SODIUM; EDETIC ACID; EUGENOL; GERANIOL; HEXANOIC ACID; HEXANOL; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; IRRITANT AGENT; LACTIC ACID; LAURYL ALCOHOL; MACROGOL 400; MYRISTIC ACID ISOPROPYL ESTER; OCTANOL; PALMITIC ACID METHYL ESTER; POLYSORBATE 80; PROPYLENE GLYCOL; SOAP; SODIUM HYDROXIDE;

CLASSIFICATION; HUMAN; PATCH TEST; REVIEW; SEASON; SKIN IRRITATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0030869998     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00053-7     Document Type: Note

References (40)

1. Agner T. and Serup J. (1989) Seasonal variation of skin resistance to irritants. British Journal of Dermatology 121, 323-328.
2. Balls M., Blaauboer B., Brusick D., Frazier J., Lamb D., Pemberton M., Reinhardt C., Roberfroid M., Rosenkranz H., Schmid B., Spielmann H., Stammati A-L. and Walum E. (1990) Report and recommendations of the CAAT/ERGATT workshop on the validation of toxicity test procedures. ATLA 18, 313-337.
3. Balls M., Blaauboer B., Fentem J. H., Bruner L., Combes R. D., Ekwall B., Fielder R. J., Guillouzo A., Lewis R. W., Lovell D. P., Reinhardt C. A., Repetto G, Sladowski D., Spielmann H. and Zucco F. (1995) Practical aspects of the validation of toxicity test procedures. The report and recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 5. ATLA 23, 398-409.
4. Basketter D. A. (1994) Strategic hierarchical approaches in acute toxicity testing. Toxicology in Vitro 8, 855-859.
5. Basketter D. A., Blaikie L. and Reynolds F. (1996a) The impact of atopy on a predictive test of acute skin irritation potential. Contact Dermatitis 35, 33-39.
6. Basketter D. A., Griffiths H. A., Wang X. M., Wilhelm K.-P. and McFadden J. (1996b) Individual, ethnic and seasonal variability in irritant susceptibility of skin: the implications for a predictive human patch test. Contact Dermatitis 35, 208-213.
7. Basketter D. A., Griffiths H. A., York M., Patrick E., Robinson M. and Wilhelm K.-P. (1995) Interlaboratory evaluation of a human predictive test of skin irritation hazard. Allergologie 18, 454.
8. Basketter D. A., Whittle E. and Chamberlain M. (1994a) Identification of irritation and corrosion hazards to skin: an alternative strategy to animal testing. Food and Chemical Toxicology 32, 539-542.
9. Basketter D. A., Whittle E., Griffiths H. A. and York M. (1994b) The identification and classification of skin irritation hazard by human patch test. Food and Chemical Toxicology 32, 769-775.
10. Berardesca E. and Maibach H. I. (1988a) Racial differences in sodium lauryl sulphate induced cutaneous irritation: black and white. Contact Dermatitis 18, 65-70.
11. Berardesca E. and Maibach H. I. (1988b) Sodium lauryl sulphate induced cutaneous irritation. Comparison of white and hispanic subjects. Contact Dermatitis 19, 136-140.
12. Bjornberg A. (1968) Skin reactions to primary irritants in patients with hand eczema. Thesis. Gothenburg, Sweden, Oscar Isacsons, Tryckeri AB.
13. Dillarstone A. and Paye M. (1994) Classification of surfactant-containing products as 'skin irritants'. Contact Dermatitis 30, 314.
14. Draize J. H. (1959) Dermal toxicity. In Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics. pp. 46-59. Association of Foods and Drugs Officials of the United States, Littleton, CO.
15. Draize J. H., Woodard G. and Calvery H. O. (1944) Methods for the study of imitation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 82, 377-390.
16. Dykes P. J., Black D. R., York M., Dickens A. D. and Marks R. (1995) A stepwise procedure for evaluating irritant materials in normal volunteer subjects. Human and Experimental Toxicology 14, 204-211.
17. EC (1992) Annex to Commission Directive 92/69/EEC of 31 July 1992 adapting to technical progress for the seventeenth time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. Official Journal of the European Communities L383A, 35.
18. EC (1993) Council regulation EEC No 793/93 of 23 March 1993 on the evaluation and control of the risks of existing substances. Official Journal of the European Communities L8436, 1.
19. EC (1988) Council Directive of 7 June 1988 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations. Official Journal of the European Communities L18, 14.
20. Fisher R. A. (1935) The logic of inductive inference. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A 98, 39-54.
21. Fregert S. (1981) Manual of Contact Dermatitis. Munksgaard, Copenhagen.
22. Griffiths H. A., Wilhelm K.-P., Robinson M. K., Wang X. M., McFadden J., York M. and Basketter D. A. (1996) Interlaboratory evaluation of a human patch test for the evaluation of skin irritation potential/ hazard. Food and Chemical Toxicology 35, 255-260.
23. Hall-Manning T. J., Holland G. H., Basketter D. A. and Barratt M. D. (1995) Skin irritation potential of mixed surfactant systems in a human 4 hour covered patch test. Allergologie 18, 465.
24. Hannuksela M., Pirila V. and Salo O. P. (1975) Skin reactions to propylene glycol. Contact Dermatitis 1, 112-116.
25. Jenkins H. L. and Adams M. G. (1989) Progressive evaluation of skin irritancy of cosmetics using human volunteers. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 11, 141-149.
26. Judge M. R., Griffiths H. A., Basketter D. A., White I. R., Rycroft R. J. G. and McFadden J. P. (1996) Variation in response of human skin to irritant challenge. Contact Dermatitis 34, 115-117.
27. Lee C. H. and Maibach H. I. (1995) The sodium lauryl sulfate model: an overview. Contact Dermatitis 33, 1-7.
28. Malten K. E. (1981) Thoughts on irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 7, 238-247.
29. Mehta C. R. and Patel N. R. (1983) A network algorithm for performing Fisher's exact test in rxc contingency tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association 78, 424-434.
30. Nassif A., Chan S. C., Storrs F. J. and Hanifin J. M. (1994) Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis. Archives of Dermatology 130, 1402-1407.
31. Patil S. M., Patrick E. and Maibach H. I. (1996) Animal, human and in vitro test methods for predicting skin irritation. In Dermatotoxicology. Edited by F. N. Marzulli and H. I. Maibach. 5th Ed. pp. 411-436 Taylor & Francis, New York.
32. Rougier A., Goldberg A. M. and Maibach H. I. (1994) In Vitro Skin Toxicology. Liebert Inc., New York.
33. Simion F. A. (1996) In vivo models to predict skin irritation. In The Irritant Contact Dermatitis Syndrome. Edited by P. G. M. van der Valk and H. I. Maibach. pp. 329-334. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
34. Tupker R. A., Coenraads P. J., Fidler V., de Jong M. C. J. M., van der Meer J. B. and de Monchy J. G. R. (1995) Irritant susceptibility and weal and flare reactions to bioactive agents in atopic dermatitis. II Influence of season. British Journal of Dermatology 133, 365-370.
35. Van der Valk P. G. M. and Maibach H. I. (1996) The Irritant Contact Dermatitis Syndrome. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
36. Walker A. P., Basketter D. A., Baverel M., Diembeck W., Matthies W., Mougin D., Paye M., Rothlisburger R. and Dupuis J. (1996) Test guideline for assessment of skin compatibility of cosmetic finished products in man. Food and Chemical Toxicology 34, 551-560.
37. Weltfriend S., Bason M., Lammintausta K. and Maibach H. I. (1996) Irritant dermatitis (irritation). In Dermatotoxicology. Edited by F. N. Marzulli and H. I. Maibach. 5th Ed. pp. 87-118. Taylor & Francis, New York.
38. Willis C. and Poskitt L. (1995) The influence of atopy on susceptibility to irritation. Allergologie 18, 446.
39. York M., Basketter D. A., Cuthbert J. A. and Neilson L. (1995) Skin irritation testing in man for hazard assessment - evaluation of four patch systems. Human and Experimental Toxicology 14, 729-734.
40. York M., Griffiths H. A., Whittle E. and Basketter D. A. (1996) Evaluation of a human patch test for the identification and classification of skin irritation potential. Contact Dermatitis 34, 204-212.