Genesis of pituitary adenomas: State of the art

Journal of Neuro-Oncology

Volumn 54, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 95-110

  Faglia, G ^a   Spada, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Genetics; gsp; Oncogene; Oncosuppressor genes; Pathogenesis; Pituitary adenomas

Indexed keywords

BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIN D1; ESTROGEN; PHOSPHODIESTERASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSFORMING PROTEIN;

ALLELE; ANGIOGENESIS; CANCER GROWTH; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLONING; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; HUMAN; HYPOPHYSIS ADENOMA; METHYLATION; MITOGENESIS; ONCOGENE; ONCOGENE RAS; PATHOGENESIS; PHENOTYPE; REVIEW; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

ADENOMA; ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; GENES, HOMEOBOX; HUMANS; PITUITARY NEOPLASMS; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS);

EID: 0035184605     PISSN: 0167594X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1012988828164     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. The cytogenesis and pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas
2. Mechanism of hormone production in pituitary cells and pituitary neoplasms: Synergistic actions of transcription factors
3. Commentary - Heritable disorders of pituitary development
4. Pathogenesis of pituitary tumors
5. Pathogenesis of pituitary tumors
6. The pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas
7. Cellular alterations in pituitary tumors
8. Genesis of pituitary adenomas
9. Molecular pathogenesis of pituitary tumors
10. Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas are monoclonal in origin
11. Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas
12. Monoclonality of corticotroph macroadenomas in Cushing's disease
13. Genetic basis of endocrine diseases: Pituitary tumor pathogenesis
14. DNA studies for prediction of prognosis of pituitary adenomas?
15. Simple numerical chromosome aberration in two pituitary adenomas
16. Flow cytometry analysis of pituitary adenomas
17. Cytogenetic study of pituitary adenomas
18. Simple numerical chromosome aberrations characterize pituitary adenomas
19. Non-random trisomies of chromosomes 5, 8 and 12 in the prolactinoma sub-type of pituitary adenomas: Conventional cytogenetics and interphase FISH study
20. Oncoprotein immunoreactivity in human pituitary tumours
21. C-myc, c-fos and c-myb gene expression in human pituitary adenomas
22. Cyclin D and cyclin E expression in normal and adenomatous pituitary
23. Analysis of cyclin DI (CCND1) allelic imbalance and overexpression in sporadic pituitary tumors
24. Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) expression in pituitary adenomas
25. Structure, expression, and function of human pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG)
26. Early involvement of estrogen-induced pituitary tumour transforming gene and fibroblast growth factor expression in prolactinoma pathogenesis
27. Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG): Transforming and transactivating activity
28. Identification of the human pituitary tumor transforming gene (HPTTG) family: Molecular structure, expression, and chromosomal localization
29. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade regulates pituitary tumor-transforming gene transactivation function
30. Ras mutations in human pituitary tumors
31. Molecular screening of pituitary adenomas for gene mutations and rearrangements
32. Ras mutations in human prolactinomas and pituitary carcinomas
33. H-ras mutations in human pituitary carcinoma metastasis
34. Altered Gs and adenylate cyclase activity in human GH-secreting pituitary adenomas
35. GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours
36. Two G protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors
37. Clinical, biochemical and morphological correlates in patients bearing growth hormone secreting tumours with or without constitutively active adenylyl cyclase
38. Molecular genetic studies of sporadic pituitary tumors
39. Mutations in G proteins and G protein coupled receptors in endocrine diseases
40. Activating mutations of the Gs alpha gene in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
41. G-protein mutations in human adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) hormone-secreting adenomas
42. Characteristic of gsp-positive growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumours in Korean acromegalics
43. Rare mutations of the Gs alpha subunit gene in human endocrine tumors: Mutation detection by polymerase chain reaction - Primer introduced restriction analysis
44. Association of somatotropinomas with loss of alleles on chromosome 11 and with gsp mutations
45. Activating mutations of the Gsα gene are associated with low levels of Gsα protein in growth hormone-secreting tumours
46. Constitutively active Gsα is associated with an increased phosphodiesterase activity in human growth hormone-secreting adenomas
47. Gs alpha and Gi alpha mutations in clinically non-functioning pituitary tumours
48. Invasive human pituitary tumors express a point-mutated alpha-protein kinase C
49. Biosynthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases by human fibroblast in culture
50. Analysis of a protein kinase C.-α mutation in human pituitary tumours
51. q, Gα11, Gα or thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor genes
52. q mutations
53. Structure of the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone receptor in human pituitary adenomas
54. Absence of mutations in exon 3 of the GnRH receptor in human gonadotroph adenomas
55. Normal structural dopamine type 2 receptor gene in prolactin secreting and other pituitary tumors
56. Absence of somatostatin receptor 2A mutations and gip oncogene in pituitary somatotroph adenomas
57. Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5 in human GH-secreting pituitary adenomas: Analysis of gene sequence and mRNA expression
58. Mutation of somatostatin receptor type 5 in an acromegalic patient resistant to somatostatin analog treatment
59. Mutations and cancer: Statistical study of retinoblastoma
60. The DNA methylation paradox
61. Effects of an RB mutation in the mouse
62. The retinoblastoma gene in human pituitary tumors
63. Loss of heterozygosity at the retinoblastoma locus in human pituitary tumors
64. Heterozygous Bb-1 delta/+ mice are predisposed to tumors of the pituitary gland with a nearly complete penetrance
65. Mice lacking p27(kip1) display increased body size, multiple organ hyperplasia, retinal dysplasia and pituitary tumors
66. p53 gene mutations in pituitary adenomas: Rare events
67. Frequent loss of the p16ink4a in human pituitary tumors
68. Allelic deletion in pituitary adenomas reflects aggressive biological activity and has potential value as a prognostic marker
69. Frequent loss of heterozygosity at the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB) locus in aggressive pituitary tumors. Evidence for a chromosome 13 tumor suppressor gene other than RB
70. Chromosome 13q deletion mapping in pituitary tumors: Infrequent loss of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) despite loss of RB1 product in somatotropinomas
71. Positional cloning of the gene for multiple neoplasia type 1
72. Analysis of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11 and infrequent inactivation of the MEN-1 gene in sporadic pituitary adenomas
73. Mutations of the MEN-I tumor suppressor gene in sporadic pituitary tumors
74. Somatic MEN-I gene mutations did not contribute significantly in sporadic pituitary tumorigenesis
75. Expression of menin gene mRNA in pituitary tumors
76. Screening for MEN-I tumour suppressor gene mutations in sporadic pituitary tumors
77. p53 protein accumulation in Cushing's adenoma and invasive nonfunctional adenomas
78. p53 expression in pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. Correlation with invasiveness and tumor growth fraction
79. Investigation of the cell cycle regulator p27/kip1 gene in ACTH-secreting tumours: Lack of correlation with the 2knockout animal model
80. Molecular genetics of pituitary tumours
81. Frequent inactivation of the p16 gene in human pituitary tumours by gene methylation
82. Purine binding factor (nm23) gene expression in pituitary tumors: Marker of adenoma invasiveness
83. Inhibition of ZAC-1, a new gene differently expressed in the anterior pituitary, increases cell proliferation
84. Cytogenetic alterations in pituitary adenoma detected by comparative genomic hibridization
85. Clonal genomic alterations in glial malignancy stated
86. Somatotroph hyperplasia: Successful treatment of acromegaly by removal of a pancreatic islet tumor secreting a growth hormone releasing factor
87. The role of hypothalamic hormones in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas
88. Cushing's disease in child caused by a corticotropin-releasing hormone-secreting gangliocytoma associated with an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma
89. Pituitary adenomas in mice transgenic for growth hormone-releasing hormone
90. Mixed gangliocytoma/pituitary adenoma
91. Hypothalamic peptides modulate cytosolic free Ca2+ levels and adenylyl cyclase activity in human nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
92. Mechanism of action of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) in human non-functioning pituitary tumors
93. Expression of functional growth hormone secretagogue receptors in human pituitary adenomas. Polymerase chain reaction, triple in-situ hybridization and cell culture studies
94. Altered dopaminergic regulation of thyrotropin release in patients with prolactinomas: Comparison with other tests of hypothalamic-pituitary function
95. Acromegaly
96. Vasoactive intestinal peptide in the pituitary gland and adenomas. An immunocytochemical study
97. The role of growth factors in the pituitary
98. Expression of growth hormone-releasing factor gene in GH-producing pituitary adenomas
99. Secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone by GH-producing pituitary adenoma assessed by cell immunoblot analysis
100. Pathophysiological role of the cytokine network in the anterior pituitary gland
101. Expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid in human pituitary corticotroph adenomas associated with proliferative potential
102. Expression of members of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines and their receptors in human pituitary and pituitary adenomas
103. Altered expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors in human pituitary adenomas
104. Quantitative analysis of growth-related factors in human pituitary adenomas - Lowered insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor mRNA in growth hormone-producing adenomas
105. Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates prolactin secretion from human anterior pituitary adenomas without affecting adenoma cell proliferation
106. Direct arterial vascularization of estrogen induced prolactin-secreting anterior pituitary tumor
107. Targeting of transforming growth factor alpha expression to pituitary lactotrophs in transgenic mice results in selective lactotroph proliferation and adenomas
108. Spontaneous basophilic tumor of the pituitary gland in gonadectomized mice
109. The mechanism of induction and the characteristics of pituitary tumors induced by thyroidectomy
110. Gonadotropin cell adenomas of the pituitary
111. Clinical aspects and treatment of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas and noneoplastic inappropriate secretion of TSH
112. Corticotropic adenoma in peripheral adrenal failure
113. Diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease
114. Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors
115. Differential transduction of dopamine signal in different subtypes of human growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas
116. Presence of an adenylate cyclase dually regulated by somatostatin and human pancreatic growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor in GH secreting cells
117. Decreased expression of the two D-2 dopamine receptor isoforms in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas
118. Impact of gsp oncogene on the expression of genes coding for G(s)alpha, Pit-1, G(i)2 alpha, and somatostatin receptor 2 in human somatotroph adenomas: Involvement in octreotide sensitivity
119. An abnormality of thyroid hormone receptor expression may explain abnormal thyrotropin production in thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors
120. Thyroid receptor alpha 1 and alpha 2 mutations in non-functioning pituitary tumours
121. Human adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas show frequent loss of heterozygosity at the glucocorticoid receptor gene locus
122. The molecular pathogenesis of corticotroph tumors
123. Lack of desensitization of adenomatous somtotrophs to growth-hormone releasing hormone in acromegaly
124. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are unsuccessful in reducing tumoral gonadotropin secretion in two patients with gonadotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas
125. Genealogy of the anterior pituitary gland. Tracing a family tree
126. Prop-1 gene expression in human pituitary tumors
127. Expression of the pituitary transcription factor Ptx-1, but not that of the transactivating factor Prop-1, is reduced in human corticotroph adenomas and is associated with decreased alpha-subunit secretion
128. Expression of the members of the Ptx family of transcription factors in human pituitary adenomas
129. Clinical and immunohistochemical studies on TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma, its multihormonality and expression of Pit-1
130. Pit-1 gene expression in human pituitary adenomas using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method
131. Pit-1 gene expression in human pituitary adenomas
132. The transcription activator steroidogenic factor-1 is preferentially expressed in the human pituitary gonadotroph
133. Growth of pituitary adenomas, malignant adenomas
134. Apoptosis and p53 suppressor gene protein expression in human anterior pituitary adenomas
135. Apoptosis in human pituitary adenomas: A morphologic and in situ end-labeling study
136. Apoptosis in nontumorous and neoplastic human pituitaries - Expression of the Bcl-2 family of proteins
137. Determination of the proliferation and apoptotic index in adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tumors - Comparison between micro- and macroadenomas
138. Proliferation, bcl-2 expression and angiogenesis in pituitary adenomas: Relationship to tumour behaviour
139. Expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein in pituitary tumours: Comparison with c-myc