Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs on activating molecules

Critical Reviews in Immunology

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 89-102

  Sinclair, Nicholas R StC ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Activation pathways; Antigen receptor (AgR); Coinhibition; Fc receptor (FcR); Immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motif (ITAM); Immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motif (ITIM); Signal 1; Tolerance

Indexed keywords

CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 130; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 3 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 4 RECEPTOR; LEPTIN RECEPTOR; LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION INHIBITION FACTOR; LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; PHOSPHATASE; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; PROTEIN KINASE (CALCIUM,CALMODULIN) II; PROTEIN KINASE B; PROTEIN KINASE C; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR; TYROSINE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CONSENSUS SEQUENCE; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOREGULATION; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AMINO ACID MOTIFS; CONSENSUS SEQUENCE; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES; RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN; RECEPTORS, CYTOKINE; RECEPTORS, IMMUNOLOGIC; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TYROSINE;

EID: 0033917114     PISSN: 10408401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Coggeshall, K. M., Inhibitory signaling by B-cell FcγRIIb, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 10, 306-312, 1998.
2. Daëron, M., Fc receptor biology, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 15, 203-234, 1997.
3. Ravetch, J. V. and Kinet, J. P., Fc receptors, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 9, 457-492, 1991.
4. Flaswinkel, H., Barner, M., and Reth, M., The tyrosine activation motif as a target of protein tyrosine kinases and SH2 domains, Semin. Immunol., 7, 21-27, 1995.
5. Sinclair, N. R. StC. and Anderson, C. C., Co-stimulation and co-inhibition: equal partners in regulation, Scand. J. Immunol., 43, 597-603, 1996.
6. Anderson, C. C. and Sinclair, N. R. StC., FcR mediated inhibition of cell activation and other forms of coinhibition, Crit. Rev. Immunol., 18, 525-544, 1998.
7. Igarashi, K., Isohara, T., Kato, T., Shigeta, K., Yamano, T., and Uno, I., Tyrosine 1213 of Flt-1 is a major binding site of Nck and SHP-2, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 246, 95-99, 1998.
8. Famiglietti, S. J., Nakamura, K., and Cambier, J. C., Unique features of SHIP, SHP-1, and SHP-2 binding to FcγRIIb revealed by surface plasmon resonance analysis, Immunol. Lett., 68, 35-40, 1999.
9. Lee, J. R. and Koretzky, G. A., Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2, but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, activation correlates with surface IgM-mediated apoptosis in the WEHI 231 B cell line, J. Immunol., 161, 1637-1644, 1998.
10. Jin, Y. J., Friedman, J., and Burakoff, S. J., Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in isolated T-cell membrane by inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases, J. Immunol., 161, 1743-1750, 1998.
11. Kim, S. K., Su, L. K., Oh, Y., Kemp, B. L., Hong, W. K., and Mao, L., Alterations of PTEN/MMAC1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, and its homologue, PTH2, in small cell lung cancer cell lines, Oncogene, 16, 89-93, 1998.
12. Maehama, T. and Dixon, J. E., The tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 13375-13378, 1998.
13. Huber, M., Helgason, C. D., Scheid, M. P., Duronio, V., Humphries, R. K., and Krystal, G., Targeted disruption of SHIP leads to Steel factor-induced degranulation of mast cells, EMBO J., 17, 7311-7319, 1998.
14. Zamorano, J. and Keegan, A. D., Regulation of apoptosis by tyrosine-containing domains of IL-4Rα: Y497 and Y713, but not the STAT6-docking tyrosines, signal protection from apoptosis. J. Immunol., 161, 859-867, 1998.
15. Imani, F., Rager, K. J., Catipovic, B., and Marsh, D. G., Interleukin-4 (IL-4) induces phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p85) dephosphorylation. Implications for the role of SHP-1 in the IL-4-induced signals in human B cells, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 7927-7931, 1997.
16. Haque, S. J., Harbor, P., Tabrizi, M., Yi, T., and Williams, B. R., Protein-tyrosine phosphatase Shp-1 is a negative regulator of IL-4- and IL-13-dependent signal transduction, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 33893-33896, 1998.
17. Wang, X. Y., Gelfanov, V., Sun, H. B., Tsai, S., and Yang, Y. C., Distinct actions of interleukin-9 and interleukin-4 on a hematopoietic stem cell line, EMLC1, Exp. Hematol., 27, 139-146, 1999.
18. Migone, T. S., Cacalano, N. A., Taylor, N., Yi, T., Waldmann, T. A., and Johnston, J. A., Recruitment of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 to the interleukin-2 receptor; loss of SHP-1 expression in human T-lymphotropic virus type I-transformed T cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 3845-3850, 1998.
19. Adachi, M., Ishino, M., Torigoe, T., Minami, Y., Matozaki, T., Miyazaki, T., Taniguchi, T., Hinoda, Y., and Imai, K., Interleukin-2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2 through IL-2 receptor β chain, Oncogene, 14, 1629-1633, 1997.
20. Gadina, M., Sudarshan, C., and O'Shea, J. J., IL-2, but not IL-4 and other cytokines, induces phosphorylation of a 98-kDa protein associated with SHP-2, phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase, and Grb2, J. Immunol., 162, 2081-2086, 1999.
21. Adachi, T. and Alam, R., The mechanism of IL-5 signal transduction, Am. J. Physiol, 275, C623-C633, 1998.
22. Matsuguchi, T., Lilly, M. B., and Kraft, A. S., Cytoplasmic domains of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor β chain (hβc) responsible for human GM-CSF-induced myeloid cell differentiation, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 19411-19418, 1998.
23. Kim, H., Hawley, T. S., Hawley, R. G., and Baumann, H., Protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) moderates signaling by gp130 but is not required for the induction of acute-phase plasma protein genes in hepatic cells, Mol. Cell. Biol., 18, 1525-1533, 1998.
24. Hirano, T., Interleukin-6 and its receptor: ten years later, Int. Rev. Immunol., 16, 249-284, 1998.
25. Aragane, Y., Kulms, D., Luger, T. A., and Schwarz, T., Downregulation of interferon γ-activated STAT1 by UV light, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 11490-11495, 1997.
26. Duff, J. L., Quinlan, K. L., Paxton, L. L., Naik, S. M., and Caughman, S. W., Pervanadate mimics IFNγ-mediated induction of ICAM-1 expression via activation of STAT proteins, J. Invest. Dermatol., 108, 295-301, 1997.
27. You, M., Yu, D. H., and Feng, G. S., Shp-2 tyrosine phosphatase functions as a negative regulator of the interferon-stimulated Jak/STAT pathway, Mol. Cell. Biol., 19, 2416-2424, 1999.
28. Massa, P. T. and Wu, C. J., Increased inducible activation of NF-κB and responsive genes in astrocytes deficient in the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, Interferon Cytokine Res., 18, 499-507, 1998.
29. Yang, W., Mckenna, S. D., Jiao, H., Tabrizi, M., Lynes, M. A., Shultz, L. D., and Yi, T., SHP-1 deficiency in B-lineage cells is associated with heightened lyn protein expression and increased lyn kinase activity, Exp. Hematol., 26, 1126-1132, 1998.
30. Miyamoto, A., Kunisada, T., Yamazaki, H., Miyake, K., Nishikawa, S. I., Sudo, T., Shultz, L. D., and Hayashi, S. I., Establishment and characterization of pro-B cell lines from motheaten mutant mouse defective in SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, Immunol. Lett., 63, 75-82, 1998.
31. Plas, D. R., Johnson, R., Pingel, J. T., Matthews, R. J., Dalton, M., Roy, G., Chan, A. C., and Thomas, M. L., Direct regulation of ZAP-70 by SHP-1 in T-cell antigen receptor signaling, Science, 272, 1173-1176, 1996.
32. Jin, Y. J., Friedman, J., and Burakoff, S. J., Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in isolated T-cell membrane by inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases, J. Immunol., 161, 1743-1750, 1998.
33. Maehama, T, and Dixon, J. E., The tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 13375-13378, 1998.
34. Kim, S. K., Su, L. K., Oh, Y., Kemp, B. L., Hong, W. K., and Mao, L., Alterations of PTEN/MMAC1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, and its homologue, PTH2, in small cell lung cancer cell lines, Oncogene, 16, 89-93, 1998.
35. van Zant, G. and Schultz, L., Hematologic abnormalities of the immunodeficient mouse mutant, viable motheaten (meV), Exp. Hematol., 17, 81-87, 1989.
36. Klingmuller, U., Lorenz, U., Cantley, L. C., Neel, B. G., and Lodish, H. F., Specific recruitment of SH-PTP1 to the erythropoietin receptor causes inactivation of JAK2 and termination of proliferative signals, Cell, 80, 729-738, 1995.
37. Jiao, H., Berrada, K., Yang, W., Tabrizi, M., Platanias, L. C., and Yi, T., Direct association with and dephosphorylation of Jak2 kinase by the SH2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 6985-6992, 1996.
38. Yi, T., Mui, A. L., Krystal, G., and Ihle, J. N., Hematopoietic cell phosphatase associates with the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor β chain and downregulates IL-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogenesis, Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 7577-7586, 1993.
39. Tabrizi, M., Yang, W., Jiao, H., DeVries, E. M., Platanias, L. C., Arico, M., and Yi, T., Reduced Tyk2/ SHP-1 interaction and lack of SHP-1 mutation in a kindred of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Leukemia, 12, 200-206, 1998.
40. Yin, T., Shen, R., Feng, G. S., and Yang, Y. C., Molecular characterization of specific interactions between SHP-2 phosphatase and JAK tyrosine kinases, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 1032-1037, 1997.
41. Genestier, L., Kasibhatla, S., Brunner, T., and Green, D. R., Transforming growth factor β1 inhibits fas ligand expression and subsequent activation-induced cell death in T cells via downregulation of c-Myc, J. Exp. Med., 189, 231-239, 1999.
42. Yano, S., Tokumitsu, H., and Soderling, T. R., Calcium promotes cell survival through CaM-K kinase activation of the protein-kinase-B pathway, Nature, 396, 584-587, 1998.
43. Dahia, P. L. M., Aguiar, R. C. T., Alberta, J., Kum, J. B., Caron, S., Sill, H., Marsh, D. J., Ritz, J., Freedman, A., Stiles, C., and Eng, C., PTEN is inversely correlated with the cell survival factor Akt/ PKB and is inactivated via multiple mechanismsin haematological malignancies, Hum. Mol. Genet., 8, 185-193, 1999.
44. O'Garra, A., Rigley, K. P., Holman, M., McLaughlin, J. B., and Klaus, G. G. B., B-cell-stimulatory factor 1 reverses Fc receptor-mediated inhibition of B-lymphocyte activation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 84, 6254-6258, 1987.
45. Phillips, N. E., Gravel, K. A., Tumas, K., and Parker, D. C., IL-4 (B-cell stimulatory factor 1 ) overcomes Fcγ receptor-mediated inhibition of mouse B lymphocyte proliferation without affecting inhibition of c-myc mRNA induction, J. Immunol., 141, 4243-4249, 1988.
46. Klaus, S. J., Phillips, N. E., and Parker, D. C., Effects of IL-4 and Fcγ receptor II engagement on Egr-1 expression during stimulation of B lymphocytes by membrane immunoglobulin crosslinking, Mol. Immunol., 30, 1553-1558, 1993.
47. Nelms, K., Keegan, A. D., Zamorano, J., Ryan, J. J., and Paul, W. E., The IL-4 receptor: signaling mechanisms and biologic functions, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 17, 701-738, 1999.
48. Boussiotis, V. A., Freeman, G. J., Berezovskaya, A., Barber, D. L., and Nadler, L. M., Maintenance of human T-cell anergy: blocking of IL-2 gene transcription by activated Rap1, Science, 278, 124-128, 1997.
49. Nelms, K., Snow, A. L., Hu-Li, J., and Paul, W. E., FRIP, a hematopoietic cell-specific rasGAP-interacting protein phosphorylated in response to cytokine stimulation, Immunity, 9, 13-24, 1998.
50. Sinclair, N. R. StC. and Chan, P. L., Regulation of the immune response. IV. The role of the Fc-fragment in feedback inhibition by antibody, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, 12, 609-615, 1971.
51. Sinclair, N. R. StC. and Chan, P. L., Relationship between antibody-mediated immunosuppression and tolerance induction, Nature, 234, 104-105, 1971.
52. Sinclair, N. R. StC. and Panoskaltsis, A., Interference with Fc signals increases an antibody response by T-cell-deprived cultures to a T-dependent antigen, Cell. Immunol., 107, 465-470, 1987.
53. Sinclair, N. R. StC. and Challis, J. R., Tentativeness and fervor in cell biology require negative and positive feedforward control, Life Sci., 52, 1985-1993, 1993.
54. Bretscher, P. and Cohn, M., A theory of self-nonself discrimination. Paralysis and induction involve the recognition of one and two determinants on an antigen, respectively, Science, 169, 1042-1049, 1970.
55. Schwartz, R. H., Mueller, D. L., Jenkins, M. K., and Quill, H., T-cell clonal anergy, Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol, 54, 605-610, 1989.
56. Matzinger, P., Tolerance, danger, and the extended family, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 12, 991-1045, 1994.
57. Healy, J. I., and Goodnow, C. C., Positive versus negative signaling by lymphocyte antigen receptors, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 1998; 16, 645-670, 1998.
58. Pingel, S., Launois, P., Fowell, D. J., Turck, C. W., Southwood, S., Sette, A., Glaichenhaus, N., Louis, J. A., and Locksley, R. M., Altered ligands reveal limited plasticity in the T-cell response to a pathogenic epitope, J. Exp. Med., 189, 1111-1120, 1999.
59. Liu, H. and Vignali, D. A., Differential CD3 zeta phosphorylation is not required for the induction of T-cell antagonism by altered peptide ligands, J. Immunol., 163, 599-602, 1999.
60. Vilen, B. J., Nakamura, T., and Cambier, J. C., Antigen-stimulated dissociation of BCR mIg from Igα/Igβ: implications for receptor desensitization, Immunity, 10, 239-248, 1999.
61. Tuosto, L. and Acuto, O., CD28 affects the earliest signaling events generated by TCR engagement, Eur. J. Immunol., 28, 2131-2142, 1998.
62. Hutchcroft, J. E., Slavik, J. M., Lin, H., Watanabe, T., and Bierer, B. E., Uncoupling activation-dependent HS1 phosphorylation from nuclear factor of activated T cells transcriptional activation in Jurkat T cells: differential signaling through CD3 and the costimulatory receptors CD2 and CD28, J. Immunol., 161, 4506-4512, 1998.
63. Tsuchida, M., Manthei, E. R., Knechtle, S. J., and Hamawy, M. M., CD28 ligation induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the linker molecule LAT in the absence of Syk and ZAP-70 tyrosine phosphorylation, Eur. J. Immunol., 29, 2354-2359, 1999.
64. Salojin, K. V., Zhang, J., and Delovitch, T. L., TCR and CD28 are coupled via ZAP-70 to the activation of the Vav/Rac-1-/PAK-1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, J. Immunol, 163, 844-853, 1999.
65. Tsuchida, M., Knechtle, S. J., and Hamawy, M. M., CD28 ligation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 but not Fak in Jurkat T cells, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 6735-6740, 1999.
66. Rathmell, J. C., Townsend, S. E., Xu, J. C., Flavell, R. A., and Goodnow, C. C., Expansion or elimination of B cells in vivo: dual roles for CD40- and Fas (CD95)-ligands modulated by the B-cell antigen receptor, Cell, 87, 319-329, 1996.
67. Anderson, C. C., Mukherjee, R., Sinclair, N. R. StC., and Jevnikar, A. M., Hypogammaglobulinaemia occurs in Fas-deficient MRL-lpr mice following deletion of MHC class II molecules, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 109, 473-479, 1997.
68. Tsubata, T., Co-receptors on B lymphocytes, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 11, 249-255, 1999.
69. Gergely, J., Pecht, I., and Sarmay, G., Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-bearing receptors regulate the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-induced activation of immune competent cells, Immunol. Lett., 68, 3-15, 1999.
70. Long, E. O., Regulation of immune responses through inhibitory receptors, Anna. Rev. Immunol., 17, 875-904, 1999.
71. Bolland, S. and Ravetch, J. V., Inhibitory pathways triggered by ITIM-containing receptors, Adv. Immunol., 72, 149-177, 1999.
72. Blery, M. and Vivier, E., How to extinguish lymphocyte activation, immunotyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-bearing molecules a solution? Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 37, 187-191, 1999.
73. Janeway, C. A., Travers, P., Walport, M., and Capra, J. D., Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease, 4th ed., Current Biology, New York, 1999.
74. Cambier, J. C., Fong, D., and Tamir, I., The unexpected complexity of FcγRIIB signal transduction, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 244, 43-55, 1999.
75. Cornall, R. J., Goodnow, C. C., and Cyster, J. G., Regulation of B-cell antigen receptor signaling by the Lyn/CD22/SHP1 pathway, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 244, 57-68, 1999.
76. Coggeshall, K. M., Positive and negative signaling in B lymphocytes, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 245(1), 213-260, 2000.