Physiological and nutritional regulation of enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis

Annual Review of Nutrition

Volumn 20, Issue , 2000, Pages 77-103

  Coleman, R A ^a   Lewin, T M ^a   Muoio, D M ^a  

^a IL   (United States)

Author keywords

Acyl CoA; Acyltransferase; Leptin; Obesity; PPAR; SREBP

Indexed keywords

ACYLGLYCEROL PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; DIHYDROXYACETONE PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE; GLYCEROL 3 PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE; LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID COENZYME A LIGASE; PHOSPHATIDATE PHOSPHATASE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ENZYME MECHANISM; ENZYME REGULATION; HUMAN; LIPOGENESIS; METABOLIC DISORDER; NONHUMAN; NUTRITION; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ACYLTRANSFERASES; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMALS; COENZYME A LIGASES; DIET; ENZYMES; EXERCISE; HORMONES; HUMANS; LEPTIN; OBESITY; PHOSPHATIDATE PHOSPHATASE; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 0033826433     PISSN: 01999885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.77     Document Type: Review

References (165)

1. Characterization of a human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that is encoded by a gene located in the class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex
2. Redundant systems of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis via acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3. Comparison of triacylglycerol synthesis in rat brown and white adipocytes. Effects of hypothyroidism and streptozotocin-diabetes on enzyme activities and metabolic fluxes
4. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARδ promotes induction of PPARγ and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3C2 fibroblasts
5. Enzymes of glycerolipid synthesis in eukaryotes
6. Enzymes of triacylglycerol formation in mammals
7. Rapid stimulation of liver palmitoyl-CoA synthetase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase and glycerophosphate acyltransferase compared to peroxisomal beta-oxidation and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase in rats fed high-fat diets
8. Solubilization and partial purification of neonatally expressed rat hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase
9. Hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase is regulated by sn-1,2-diacylglycerol and by specific lipids in Triton X-100/phospholipid mixed micelles
10. Sphingosine inhibits rat hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase in Triton X-100 mixed micelles and isolated hepatocytes
11. Rat hepatic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase: Molecular cloning and characterization of the cDNA and expressed protein
12. Mutational analysis of a fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase signature motif identifies seven amino acid residues that modulate fatty acid substrate specificity
13. Triacylglycerol turnover in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Relation to phospholipid synthesis
14. Fatty acids activate transcription of the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene in cardiac myocytes via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
15. The interaction of long-chain acyl CoA with membranes
16. Metabolism of triacylglycerols
17. Mammalian lipid phosphate phosphohydrolases
18. Acyl-CoA synthetase and the peroxisomal enzymes of beta-oxidation in human liver. Quantitative analysis of their subcellular localization
19. The SREBP pathway: Regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor
20. Interleukin-1 rapidly stimulates lysophosphatidate acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activities in human mesangial cells
21. The substrate and sequence specificity of the AMP-activated protein kinase. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase
22. Phosphatidate phosphatases and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate phosphatases in Sacchromyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli
23. Identification of a gene encoding an acyl CoA: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase, a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis
24. Phosphatidic acid synthesis in mitochondria: Topography of formation and transmembrane migration
25. Submicrosomal localization of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes
26. Enzyme asymmetry in hepatic microsomal membranes: Criteria for localization of lumenal enzymes with proteases
27. Selective changes in enzymes of the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate pathways of triacylglycerol biosynthesis during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
28. Topographic localization of membrane-bound enzymes that metabolize lipids
29. Fatty acids and anionic phospholipids alter the palmitoyl-CoA kinetics of hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase in Triton X-100 mixed micelles
30. Selective changes in microsomal enzymes of triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine synthesis in fetal and postnatal rat liver: Induction of microsomal sn-glycerol 3-P and dihydroxyacetone-P acyltransferase activities
31. Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase: Evidence that the activities from rat intestine and suckling liver are tissue-specific isoenzymes
32. Nutritional regulation of leptin in humans
33. Alteration of enzymes of glycerolipid synthesis in artificially reared rat pups fed high carbohydrate or high fat diets
34. Selective changes in microsomal enzymes of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
35. Diradylglycerols alter fatty acid inhibition of monoacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in Triton X-100 mixed micelles
36. Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism: A frontier for new insights into fuel homeostasis
37. Biosynthesis of glycerolipid precursors in rat liver peroxisomes and their transport and conversion to phosphatidate in the endoplasmic reticulum
38. Mammalian mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
39. Long-chain fatty acid transport in bacteria and yeast Paradigms for defining the mechanism underlying this protein-mediated process
40. Changes of serum leptin and endocrine and metabolic parameters after 7 days energy restriction in men and women
41. Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, cDNA cloning, expression, and localization to chromosome 9q34.3
42. Identification of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase as an adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1- and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-responsive gene
43. Role of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters in the regulation of metabolism and in cell signalling
44. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals
45. Molecular characterization and expression of rat acyl-CoA synthetase 3
46. Cloning and functional expression of a novel long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase expressed in brain
47. Troglitazone inhibits fatty acid oxidation and esterification, and gluconeogenesis in isolated hepatocytes from starved rats
48. Extracellular fatty acids are not utilized directly for the synthesis of very-low-density lipoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes
49. Lipid balance in HepG2 cells: Active synthesis and impaired mobilization
50. Role of muscle in triglyceride metabolism
51. Effects of physical training on fatty acid metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle of rats fed four different high-carbohydrate diets
52. Regulation of triacylglycerol synthesis in the liver: A decrease in diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity after treatment of isolated rat hepatocytes with glucagon
53. Export of mitochondrially synthesized lysophosphatidic acid
54. Reversible inactivation by noradrenaline of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase in rat adipocytes
55. The AMP-activated protein kinase, fuel gauge of the mammalian cell?
56. Regulation of cardiolipin biosynthesis in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts by cytidine 5'-triphosphate
57. A conserved histidine is essential for glycerolipid acyltransferase catalysis
58. Fatty acyl-CoA thioesters are ligands of hepatic nuclear factor-4α
59. Transverse-plane topography of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase in the mitochondrial outer membrane
60. Molecular insights into enzymes of membrane bilayer assembly
61. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins: Activators of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis
62. Acylglycerol recycling from triacylglycerol to phospholipid, not lipase activity, is defective in neutral lipid storage disease fibroblasts
63. Triacsin C blocks de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters but not recycling of fatty acid into phospholipid: Evidence for functionally separate pools of acyl-CoA
64. Biochemical studies of two rat acyl-CoA synthetases, ACS1 and ACS2
65. Triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes in lean and obese Zucker rats
66. Coordinate regulation of glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids
67. A novel arachidonate-preferring acyl-CoA synthetase is present in steroidogenic cells of the rat adrenal, ovary, and testis
68. Physiological concentrations of insulin and T3 stimulate 3T3-L1 adipocyte acyl-CoA synthetase gene transcription
69. Biosynthesis of complex lipids
70. CTP: Phosphocholine cytidylytransferase
71. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a mediates the adaptive response to fasting
72. Nutritional and insulin regulation of fatty acid synthetase and leptin gene expression through ADD1/SREBP1
73. Comparison of the reactivity of tetradecenoic acids, a triacsin, and unsaturated oximes with four purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid activation proteins
74. Two distinct long-chain-acyl-CoA synthetases in guinea pig Harderian gland
75. Tissue triglycerides, insulin resistance, and insulin production: Implications for hyperinsulinemia of obesity
76. Use of cytosolic triacylglycerol hydrolysis products and of exogenous fatty acid for the synthesis of triacylglycerol secreted by cultured rat hepatocytes
77. A protein tyrosine kinase associated with the ATP-dependent inactivation of adipose diacylglycerol acyltransferase
78. The activities of lipoprotein lipase and of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol synthesis in rat adipose tissue. Effects of starvation, dietary modification and of corticotropin injection
79. Topographical localization of peroxisomal acyl-CoA ligases: Differential localization of palmitoyl-CoA and lignoceroyl-CoA ligases
80. Increased lipogenic capacity of the islets of obese rats. A role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM
81. Triacylglycerol synthesis by an sn-1,2(2, 3)-diacylglycerol transacylase from rat intestinal microsomes
82. Triacylglycerol synthesis by purified triacylglycerol synthetase of rat intestinal mucosa: Role of acyl-CoA acyltransferaase
83. Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols
84. Analysis of amino acid motifs diagnostic for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase reaction
85. Fatty acid regulation of very low density lipoprotein production
86. The DNA sequences encoding plsB and dgk loci of Escherichia coli
87. Sources of triacylglycerol accumulation in livers of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet
88. Expression of human liver fatty acid-binding protein in Escherichia coli and comparative analysis of its binding characteristics with muscle fatty acid-binding protein
89. Purification and preliminary characterization of 2-monoacylglycerol acyltransferase from rat intestinal villus cells
90. Rapid isolation of a triacylglycerol synthetase complex from rat intestinal mucosa
91. Evidence that peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetase is located at the cytoplasmic side of the peroxisomal membrane
92. Coordinate regulation of the expression of the fatty acid transport protein and acyl-CoA synthetase genes by PPARa and PPARg activators
93. Effects of acute and chronic exercise on fat metabolism
94. Regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production
95. In vivo regulation of acyl-CoA synthetase mRNA and activity by endotoxin and cytokines
96. Regulation of putative fatty acid transporters and Acyl-CoA synthetase in liver and adipose tissue in ob/ob mice
97. AICA riboside increases AMP-activated protein kinase, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose uptake in rat muscle
98. Identity of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase of microsomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes in rat liver
99. Acyl-CoA synthetase activity depends on the phospholipid composition of rat liver plasma membranes
100. Increased hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetes: Characterization and comparison with activities from adult and neonatal rat liver
101. Adipose monoacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis): Characterization and function, in a migratory bird
102. Seasonal changes in critical enzymes of lipogenesis and triacylglycerol synthesis in the marmot (Marmota flaviventris)
103. Leptin directly alters lipid partitioning in skeletal muscle
104. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) reciprocally regulates triacylglycerol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle: Evidence that sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase is novel target
105. Production of novel oils in plants
106. Properties, purification and cloning of mitochondrial sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase
107. Characterization of two human genes encoding acyl coenzyme A: Cholesterol acyltransferase-related enzymes
108. Acyl-CoA: Dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferse: Cloning of the human cDNA and resolution of the molecular basis in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 2
109. A novel acyl-CoA synthetase, ACS5, expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and proliferating preadipocytes
110. Importance of stored triacylglycerols in Streptomyces: Possible carbon source for antibiotics
111. Overt and latent activites of diacylglycerol acyltransferase in rat liver microsomes: Possible roles in very-low-density triacylglycerol secretion
112. Metabolic characteristics of a human hepatoma cell line stably transfected with hormone-sensitive lipase
113. Kinetic characterization of long chain fatty acyl coenzyme A ligase from rat liver mitochondria
114. Mechanism of decreased arachidonic acid in the renal cortex of rats with diabetes mellitus
115. Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) can mediate intermembrane acyl CoA transport and donate acyl-CoA for β-oxidation and glycerolipid synthesis
116. Interaction of acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) on processes for which acyl-CoA is a substrate, product or inhibitor
117. Polyunsaturated fatty acid suppression of hepatic fatty acid synthase and S14 gene expression does not require peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
118. Effect of 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase over-expression on cellular energy trafficking
119. Effects of streptozotocin-diabetes and insulin administration in vivo or in vitro on the activities of five enzymes in the adipose-tissue triacylglycerol-synthesis pathway
120. Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein
121. Disruption of the gene encoding the acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACB1) perturbs acyl-CoA metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
122. Endophilin I mediates synaptic vesicle formation by transfer of arachidonate to lysophosphatidic acid
123. Induction of the acyl-coenzyme A synthetase gene by fibrates and fatty acids is mediated by a peroxisome proliferator response element in the C promoter
124. Direct antidiabetic effect of leptin through triglyceride depletion of tissues
125. Troglitazone lowers islet fat and restores beta cell function of Zucker diabetic fatty rats
126. Rapid enhancement of acyl-CoA synthetase, LPL, and GLUT-4 mRNAs in adipose tissue of VMH rats
127. Marked enhancement of acyl-CoA synthetase activity and RNA, paralleled to lipoprotein lipase mRNA, in adipose tissues of Zucker obese rats (fa/fa)
128. Marked reduction of acyl-CoA synthetase activity and mRNA in intra-abdominal visceral fat by physical exercise
129. Direct effects of leptin on brown and white adipose tissue
130. Signal transmission in exocrine cells is associated with rapid activity changes of acyltransferases and diacylglycerol kinase due to reversible protein phosphorylation
131. PPAR-gamma: Adipogenic regulator and thiazolidinedione receptor
132. Factors influencing triacylglycerol synthesis in permeabilized rat hepatocytes
133. Regulation of triacylglycerol synthesis in permeabilized rat hepatocytes: Role of fatty acid concentration and diacylglycerol acyltransferase
134. A human cDNA sequence with homology to non-mammalian lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases
135. Nutritional and hormonal regulation of enzymes in fat synthesis: Studies of fatty acid synthase and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene transcription
136. Structure and regulation of rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
137. Mutiple promoters in rat acyl-CoA synthetase gene mediate differential expression of multiple transcripts with 5'-end heterogeneity
138. Regulation of the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine in the liver
139. Purification and properties of rat liver peroxisomal very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
140. Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding rat very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
141. Regulation of fatty acid homeostasis in cells: Novel role of leptin
142. Regulation of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipid synthesis by liver fatty acid-binding protein
143. Purification and characterization of glycerolphosphate acyltransferase from rat liver mitochondria
144. Control of hepatic fatty acid oxidation by 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase involves a malonyl-CoA-dependent and a malonyl-CoA-independent mechanism
145. Insulin rapidly increases glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity in rat adipocytes
146. Insulin activates glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (de novo phosphatidic acid synthesis) through a phospholipid-derived mediator. Apparent involvement of Giα and activation of phospholipase C
147. Origins and fates of fatty acyl-CoA esters
148. Novel form of lipolysis induced by leptin
149. Hyperleptinemia depletes fat from denervated fat tissue
150. The enzymatic synthesis of triglycerides
151. Cloning and expression of two human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase cDNAs that enhance cytokine-induced signaling responses in cells
152. The lipolysis/esterification cycle of hepatic triacylglycerol. Its role in the secretion of very low density lipoprotein and its response to hormones and sulfonylureas
153. Back and forth: The regulation and function of transbilayer phospholipid movement in eukaryotic cells
154. Polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease expression of promoters with sterol regulatory elements by decreasing levels of marine sterol regulatory element-binding protein
155. Evidence for a lack of regulation of the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein from HepG2 cells by cholesteryl ester
156. Low rates of apoB secretion from HepG2 cells result from reduced delivery of newly synthesized triglyceride to a 'secretion-coupled' pool
157. Selective retention of essential fatty acids: The role of hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase
158. Sterol element binding protein-1 expression is suppressed by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids
159. 6]ethanol
160. Expression and identification of p90 as the murine mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
161. Activation of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogenolysis in rat skeletal muscle by AICAR - An activator of AMP-activated protein kinase
162. Induction by leptin of uncoupling protein-2 and enzymes of fatty acid oxidation
163. Reversing adipocyte differentiation: Implications for treatment of obesity
164. Modification of seed oil content and acyl composition in the brassicaceae by expression of a yeast sn-2 acyltransferase gene