메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 673-716

The Thyrotropin (TSH)-Releasing Hormone Receptor: Interaction with TSH and Autoantibodies

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; PROTIRELIN RECEPTOR; THYROTROPIN;

EID: 0032247323     PISSN: 0163769X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/er.19.6.673     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (530)

References (399)
  • 2
    • 0024852495 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor
    • Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapoport B 1989 Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 165: 1184-1190
    • (1989) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.165 , pp. 1184-1190
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Kaufman, K.D.2    Seto, P.3    Rapoport, B.4
  • 5
    • 0025054351 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: Regulation by tissue specific splicing
    • Frazier AL, Robbins LS, Stork PJ, Sprengel R, Segaloff DL, Cone RD 1990 Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: regulation by tissue specific splicing. Mol Endocrinol 90:1264-1276
    • (1990) Mol Endocrinol , vol.90 , pp. 1264-1276
    • Frazier, A.L.1    Robbins, L.S.2    Stork, P.J.3    Sprengel, R.4    Segaloff, D.L.5    Cone, R.D.6
  • 6
    • 0025351747 scopus 로고
    • Cloning, chromosomal assignment, and regulation of the rat thyrotropin receptor: Expression of the gene is regulated by thyrotropin, agents that increase cAMP levels, and thyroid autoantibodies
    • Akamizu T, Ikuyama S, Saji M, Kosugi S, Kozak C, McBride OW, Kohn LD 1990 Cloning, chromosomal assignment, and regulation of the rat thyrotropin receptor: expression of the gene is regulated by thyrotropin, agents that increase cAMP levels, and thyroid autoantibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:5677-5681
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.87 , pp. 5677-5681
    • Akamizu, T.1    Ikuyama, S.2    Saji, M.3    Kosugi, S.4    Kozak, C.5    McBride, O.W.6    Kohn, L.D.7
  • 7
    • 0026592357 scopus 로고
    • Constitutive activation of the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor by all amino acid substitutions at a single site. Evidence for a region which constrains receptor activation
    • Kjelsberg MA, Cotecchia S, Ostrowski J, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ 1992 Constitutive activation of the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor by all amino acid substitutions at a single site. Evidence for a region which constrains receptor activation. J Biol Chem 267:1430-1433
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 1430-1433
    • Kjelsberg, M.A.1    Cotecchia, S.2    Ostrowski, J.3    Caron, M.G.4    Lefkowitz, R.J.5
  • 10
    • 0029360448 scopus 로고
    • Genetic basis of endocrine disease: Somatic and germline mutations of the TSH receptor gene in thyroid diseases
    • Van Sande J, Parma J, Tonacchera M, Swillens S, Dumont J, Vassart G 1995 Genetic basis of endocrine disease: somatic and germline mutations of the TSH receptor gene in thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:2577-2585
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 2577-2585
    • Van Sande, J.1    Parma, J.2    Tonacchera, M.3    Swillens, S.4    Dumont, J.5    Vassart, G.6
  • 11
    • 0030998004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular insights into TSH receptor abnormality and thyroid disease
    • Russo D, Arturi F, Chiefari E, Filetti S 1997 Molecular insights into TSH receptor abnormality and thyroid disease. J Endocrinol Invest 20:36-47
    • (1997) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.20 , pp. 36-47
    • Russo, D.1    Arturi, F.2    Chiefari, E.3    Filetti, S.4
  • 13
    • 0026568620 scopus 로고
    • The thyrotropin receptor twenty five years after its discovery: New insights after its molecular cloning
    • Nagayama Y, Rapoport B 1992 The thyrotropin receptor twenty five years after its discovery: new insights after its molecular cloning. Mol Endocrinol 6:145-156
    • (1992) Mol Endocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 145-156
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 14
    • 0002384396 scopus 로고
    • The thyrotropin receptor: Its gene expression and structure-function relationships
    • Nagayama Y, Nagataki S 1994 The thyrotropin receptor: its gene expression and structure-function relationships. Thyroid Today 17:1-9
    • (1994) Thyroid Today , vol.17 , pp. 1-9
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Nagataki, S.2
  • 16
    • 0027718173 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of porcine ribonuclease inhibitor, a protein with leucine-rich repeats
    • Kobe B, Deisenhofer J 1993 Crystal structure of porcine ribonuclease inhibitor, a protein with leucine-rich repeats. Nature 366: 751-756
    • (1993) Nature , vol.366 , pp. 751-756
    • Kobe, B.1    Deisenhofer, J.2
  • 17
    • 0029645408 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of the three-dimensional structure of proteins with the typical leucine-rich repeats
    • Kajava AV, Vassart G, Wodak SJ 1995 Modeling of the three-dimensional structure of proteins with the typical leucine-rich repeats. Structure 3:867-877
    • (1995) Structure , vol.3 , pp. 867-877
    • Kajava, A.V.1    Vassart, G.2    Wodak, S.J.3
  • 18
    • 0022477466 scopus 로고
    • Covalent crosslinking of thyrotropin to thyroid plasma membrane receptors: Subunit composition of the thyrotropin receptor
    • McQuade R, Thomas Jr CG, Nayfeh SN 1986 Covalent crosslinking of thyrotropin to thyroid plasma membrane receptors: subunit composition of the thyrotropin receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys 246:52-62
    • (1986) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.246 , pp. 52-62
    • McQuade, R.1    Thomas Jr., C.G.2    Nayfeh, S.N.3
  • 20
    • 0021797466 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of thyrotropin receptors by photoaffinity labelling. Orientation of receptor subunits in the cell membrane
    • Kajita Y, Rickards CR, Buckland PR, Howells RD, Rees Smith B 1985 Analysis of thyrotropin receptors by photoaffinity labelling. Orientation of receptor subunits in the cell membrane. Biochem J 227:413-420
    • (1985) Biochem J , vol.227 , pp. 413-420
    • Kajita, Y.1    Rickards, C.R.2    Buckland, P.R.3    Howells, R.D.4    Rees Smith, B.5
  • 21
    • 0023577481 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the subunit structure of the thyrotropin receptor in the FRTL-5 rat thyroid cell line
    • Gennick SE, Thomas Jr CG, Nayfeh SN 1987 Characterization of the subunit structure of the thyrotropin receptor in the FRTL-5 rat thyroid cell line. Endocrinology 121:2119-2130
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.121 , pp. 2119-2130
    • Gennick, S.E.1    Thomas Jr., C.G.2    Nayfeh, S.N.3
  • 22
    • 0025719831 scopus 로고
    • A new structural model for the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor as determined by covalent crosslinking of TSH to the recombinant receptor in intact cells: Evidence for a single polypeptide chain
    • Russo D, Chazenbalk GD, Nagayama Y, Wadsworth HL, Seto P, Rapoport B 1991 A new structural model for the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor as determined by covalent crosslinking of TSH to the recombinant receptor in intact cells: evidence for a single polypeptide chain. Mol Endocrinol 5:1607-1612
    • (1991) Mol Endocrinol , vol.5 , pp. 1607-1612
    • Russo, D.1    Chazenbalk, G.D.2    Nagayama, Y.3    Wadsworth, H.L.4    Seto, P.5    Rapoport, B.6
  • 23
    • 0026518857 scopus 로고
    • Role of amino acids 261-418 in proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular region of the human thyrotropin receptor
    • Russo D, Nagayama Y, Chazenbalk GD, Wadsworth HL, Rapoport B 1992 Role of amino acids 261-418 in proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular region of the human thyrotropin receptor. Endocrinology 130:2135-2138
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.130 , pp. 2135-2138
    • Russo, D.1    Nagayama, Y.2    Chazenbalk, G.D.3    Wadsworth, H.L.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 26
    • 0026739764 scopus 로고
    • Specific antibody to the thyrotropin receptor identifies multiple receptor forms in membranes of cells transfected with wild-type receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid: Characterization of their relevance to receptor synthesis, processing, structure, and function
    • Ban T, Kosugi S, Kohn LD 1992 Specific antibody to the thyrotropin receptor identifies multiple receptor forms in membranes of cells transfected with wild-type receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid: characterization of their relevance to receptor synthesis, processing, structure, and function. Endocrinology 131:815-829
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.131 , pp. 815-829
    • Ban, T.1    Kosugi, S.2    Kohn, L.D.3
  • 28
    • 0028225588 scopus 로고
    • Processing of the precursors of the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in various eukaryotic cells (human thyrocytes, transfected L cells and baculovirus-infected insect cells)
    • Misrahi M, Ghinea N, Sar S, Saunier B, Jolivet A, Loosfelt H, Cerutti M, Devauchelle G, Milgrom E 1994 Processing of the precursors of the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in various eukaryotic cells (human thyrocytes, transfected L cells and baculovirus-infected insect cells). Eur J Biochem 222:711-719
    • (1994) Eur J Biochem , vol.222 , pp. 711-719
    • Misrahi, M.1    Ghinea, N.2    Sar, S.3    Saunier, B.4    Jolivet, A.5    Loosfelt, H.6    Cerutti, M.7    Devauchelle, G.8    Milgrom, E.9
  • 29
    • 0029053448 scopus 로고
    • The role of N-Glycans in the secretory pathway
    • Fiedler K, Simons K 1995 The role of N-Glycans in the secretory pathway. Cell 81:309-312
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 309-312
    • Fiedler, K.1    Simons, K.2
  • 31
    • 0029794790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimeric complex formation by the thyrotropin receptor in solubilized thyroid membranes
    • Graves PN, Vlase H, Bobovnikova Y, Davies TF 1996 Multimeric complex formation by the thyrotropin receptor in solubilized thyroid membranes. Endocrinology 137:3915-3920
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 3915-3920
    • Graves, P.N.1    Vlase, H.2    Bobovnikova, Y.3    Davies, T.F.4
  • 32
    • 0029802727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for negative cooperativity among human thyrotropin receptors overexpressed in mammalian cells
    • Chazenbalk GD, Kakinuma A, Jaume JC, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1996 Evidence for negative cooperativity among human thyrotropin receptors overexpressed in mammalian cells. Endocrinology 137:4586-4591
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 4586-4591
    • Chazenbalk, G.D.1    Kakinuma, A.2    Jaume, J.C.3    McLachlan, S.M.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 33
    • 0025969701 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin-luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor extracellular domain chimeras as probes for TSH receptor function
    • Nagayama Y, Wadsworth HL, Chazenbalk GD, Russo D, Seto P, Rapoport B 1991 Thyrotropin-luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor extracellular domain chimeras as probes for TSH receptor function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:902-905
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 902-905
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Wadsworth, H.L.2    Chazenbalk, G.D.3    Russo, D.4    Seto, P.5    Rapoport, B.6
  • 34
    • 0025096140 scopus 로고
    • An insertion in the human thyrotropin receptor critical for high affinity hormone binding
    • Wadsworth HL, Chazenbalk GD, Nagayama Y, Russo D, Rapoport B 1990 An insertion in the human thyrotropin receptor critical for high affinity hormone binding. Science 249:1423-1425
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 1423-1425
    • Wadsworth, H.L.1    Chazenbalk, G.D.2    Nagayama, Y.3    Russo, D.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 35
    • 0030053238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shedding of human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain: Involvement of a matrix metalloprotease
    • Couet J, Sar S, Jolivet A, Vu Hai M-T, Milgrom E, Misrahi M 1996 Shedding of human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain: involvement of a matrix metalloprotease. J Biol Chem 271:4545-4552
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 4545-4552
    • Couet, J.1    Sar, S.2    Jolivet, A.3    Vu Hai, M.-T.4    Milgrom, E.5    Misrahi, M.6
  • 37
    • 0027129826 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of human thyrotropin receptor-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in peripheral blood of Graves' disease
    • Murakami M, Miyashita K, Yamada M, Iriuchijima T, Mori M 1992 Characterization of human thyrotropin receptor-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in peripheral blood of Graves' disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186:1074-1080
    • (1992) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.186 , pp. 1074-1080
    • Murakami, M.1    Miyashita, K.2    Yamada, M.3    Iriuchijima, T.4    Mori, M.5
  • 38
    • 0030471654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell surface protein disulfide-isomerase is involved in the shedding of human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain
    • Couet J, de Bernard S, Loosfelt H, Saunier B, Milgrom E, Misrahi M 1996 Cell surface protein disulfide-isomerase is involved in the shedding of human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain. Biochemistry 35:14800-14805
    • (1996) Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 14800-14805
    • Couet, J.1    De Bernard, S.2    Loosfelt, H.3    Saunier, B.4    Milgrom, E.5    Misrahi, M.6
  • 39
    • 0026584008 scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and other vacuolar protein degradation mechanisms
    • Seglen PO, Bohley P 1992 Autophagy and other vacuolar protein degradation mechanisms. Experientia 48:158-172
    • (1992) Experientia , vol.48 , pp. 158-172
    • Seglen, P.O.1    Bohley, P.2
  • 41
    • 0026402135 scopus 로고
    • The extracellular domain of the TSH receptor has an immunogenic epitope reactive with Graves' IgG but unrelated to receptor function as well as determinants having different roles for high affinity TSH binding and the activity of thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies
    • Kosugi S, Akamizu T, Takai O, Prabhakar BS, Kohn LD 1991 The extracellular domain of the TSH receptor has an immunogenic epitope reactive with Graves' IgG but unrelated to receptor function as well as determinants having different roles for high affinity TSH binding and the activity of thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies. Thyroid 1:321-330
    • (1991) Thyroid , vol.1 , pp. 321-330
    • Kosugi, S.1    Akamizu, T.2    Takai, O.3    Prabhakar, B.S.4    Kohn, L.D.5
  • 42
    • 0028568641 scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of the thyrotropin receptor does not occur at a classical subtilisin-related proprotein covertase endoproteolytic site
    • Chazenbalk GD, Rapoport B 1994 Cleavage of the thyrotropin receptor does not occur at a classical subtilisin-related proprotein covertase endoproteolytic site. J Biol Chem 269:32209-32213
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 32209-32213
    • Chazenbalk, G.D.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 43
    • 0030699380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An N-linked glycosylation motif from the non-cleaving luteinizing hormone receptor substituted for the homologous region (Gly-367 to Glu-369) of the thyrotropin receptor prevents cleavage at its second, downstream site
    • Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk GD, Tanaka K, Nagayama Y, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1997 An N-linked glycosylation motif from the non-cleaving luteinizing hormone receptor substituted for the homologous region (Gly-367 to Glu-369) of the thyrotropin receptor prevents cleavage at its second, downstream site. J Biol Chem 272:28296-28300
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 28296-28300
    • Kakinuma, A.1    Chazenbalk, G.D.2    Tanaka, K.3    Nagayama, Y.4    McLachlan, S.M.5    Rapoport, B.6
  • 44
    • 0031916727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin receptor cleavage at site 1 does not involve a specific amino acid motif but instead depends on the presence of the unique, 50 amino acid insertion
    • Tanaka K, Chazenbalk GD, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1998 Thyrotropin receptor cleavage at site 1 does not involve a specific amino acid motif but instead depends on the presence of the unique, 50 amino acid insertion. J Biol Chem 273:1959-1963
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 1959-1963
    • Tanaka, K.1    Chazenbalk, G.D.2    McLachlan, S.M.3    Rapoport, B.4
  • 45
    • 0029916898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amino acid at the x position of an Asn-X-Ser sequon is an important determinant of N-linked core-glycosylation efficiency
    • Shakin-Eshleman SH, Spitalnik SL, Kasturi L 1996 The amino acid at the x position of an Asn-X-Ser sequon is an important determinant of N-linked core-glycosylation efficiency. J Biol Chem 271:6363-6366
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 6363-6366
    • Shakin-Eshleman, S.H.1    Spitalnik, S.L.2    Kasturi, L.3
  • 46
    • 0030948572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The six N-linked carbohydrates of the lutropin/chorionogonadotropin receptor are not absolutely required for correct folding, cell surface expression, hormone binding, or signal transduction
    • Davis DP, Rozell TG, Liu X, Segaloff DL 1997 The six N-linked carbohydrates of the lutropin/chorionogonadotropin receptor are not absolutely required for correct folding, cell surface expression, hormone binding, or signal transduction. Mol Endocrinol 11:550-562
    • (1997) Mol Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 550-562
    • Davis, D.P.1    Rozell, T.G.2    Liu, X.3    Segaloff, D.L.4
  • 47
    • 0026035523 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of a functional thrombin receptor reveals a novel proteolytic mechanism of receptor activation
    • Vu TK, Hung DT, Wheaton VI, Coughlin SR 1991 Molecular cloning of a functional thrombin receptor reveals a novel proteolytic mechanism of receptor activation. Cell 64:1057-1068
    • (1991) Cell , vol.64 , pp. 1057-1068
    • Vu, T.K.1    Hung, D.T.2    Wheaton, V.I.3    Coughlin, S.R.4
  • 48
    • 0025733702 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian subtilisins: The long-sought dibasic processing endoproteases
    • Barr PJ 1991 Mammalian subtilisins: the long-sought dibasic processing endoproteases. Cell 66:1-3
    • (1991) Cell , vol.66 , pp. 1-3
    • Barr, P.J.1
  • 50
    • 15844406752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse cell surface protein ectodomains are shed by a system sensitive to metalloprotease inhibitors
    • Arribas J, Coodly L, Vollmer P, Kishimoto TK, Rose-John S, Massague J 1996 Diverse cell surface protein ectodomains are shed by a system sensitive to metalloprotease inhibitors. J Biol Chem 271:11376-11382
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 11376-11382
    • Arribas, J.1    Coodly, L.2    Vollmer, P.3    Kishimoto, T.K.4    Rose-John, S.5    Massague, J.6
  • 51
    • 0028986712 scopus 로고
    • Ligand-induced cleavage of the V2 vasopressin receptor by a plasma membrane metalloproteinase
    • Kojro E, Fahrenholz F 1995 Ligand-induced cleavage of the V2 vasopressin receptor by a plasma membrane metalloproteinase. J Biol Chem 270:6476-6481
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 6476-6481
    • Kojro, E.1    Fahrenholz, F.2
  • 54
    • 0026002412 scopus 로고
    • Site-directed mutagenesis of a portion of the extracellular domain of the rat thyrotropin receptor important in autoimmune thyroid disease and nonhomologous with gonadotropin receptors. Relationship of functional and immunogenic domains
    • Kosugi S, Ban T, Akamizu T, Kohn LD 1991 Site-directed mutagenesis of a portion of the extracellular domain of the rat thyrotropin receptor important in autoimmune thyroid disease and nonhomologous with gonadotropin receptors. Relationship of functional and immunogenic domains. J Biol Chem 266:19413-19418
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 19413-19418
    • Kosugi, S.1    Ban, T.2    Akamizu, T.3    Kohn, L.D.4
  • 60
    • 0026706215 scopus 로고
    • Role of the carboxyl-terminal half of the extracellular domain of the human thyrotropin receptor in signal transduction
    • Nagayama Y, Rapoport B 1992 Role of the carboxyl-terminal half of the extracellular domain of the human thyrotropin receptor in signal transduction. Endocrinology 131:548-552
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.131 , pp. 548-552
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 61
    • 0030805829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive activation of the TSH receptor by spontaneous mutations affecting the N-terminal extracellular domain
    • Duprez L, Parma J, Costagliola S, Hermans J, Van Sande J, Dumont J, Vassart G 1997 Constitutive activation of the TSH receptor by spontaneous mutations affecting the N-terminal extracellular domain. FEBS Lett 409:469-474
    • (1997) FEBS Lett , vol.409 , pp. 469-474
    • Duprez, L.1    Parma, J.2    Costagliola, S.3    Hermans, J.4    Van Sande, J.5    Dumont, J.6    Vassart, G.7
  • 62
    • 0030830146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital hyperthyroidism caused by a solitary toxic adenoma harboring a novel somatic mutation (Serine281-Isoleucine) in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor
    • Kopp P, Muirhead S, Jourdain N, Gu W-X, Jameson JL, Rodd C 1997 Congenital hyperthyroidism caused by a solitary toxic adenoma harboring a novel somatic mutation (Serine281-Isoleucine) in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor. J Clin Invest 100:1634-1639
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.100 , pp. 1634-1639
    • Kopp, P.1    Muirhead, S.2    Jourdain, N.3    Gu, W.-X.4    Jameson, J.L.5    Rodd, C.6
  • 63
    • 0028916473 scopus 로고
    • In Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells dog and human thyrotropin receptors activate both the cyclic AMP and the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate cascades in the presence of thyrotropin and the cyclic AMP cascade in its absence
    • Van Sande J, Swillens S, Gerard C, Allgeier A, Massart C, Vassart G, Dumont J 1995 In Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells dog and human thyrotropin receptors activate both the cyclic AMP and the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate cascades in the presence of thyrotropin and the cyclic AMP cascade in its absence. Eur J Biochem 229:338-343
    • (1995) Eur J Biochem , vol.229 , pp. 338-343
    • Van Sande, J.1    Swillens, S.2    Gerard, C.3    Allgeier, A.4    Massart, C.5    Vassart, G.6    Dumont, J.7
  • 64
    • 0029044073 scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutations causing constitutive activity of the thyrotropin receptor are the major cause of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas: Identification of additional mutations activating both the cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and inositol phosphate-Ca2+ cascades
    • Parma J, Van Sande J, Swillens S, Tonacchera M, Dumont J, Vassart G 1995 Somatic mutations causing constitutive activity of the thyrotropin receptor are the major cause of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas: identification of additional mutations activating both the cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and inositol phosphate-Ca2+ cascades. Mol Endocrinol 9:725-733
    • (1995) Mol Endocrinol , vol.9 , pp. 725-733
    • Parma, J.1    Van Sande, J.2    Swillens, S.3    Tonacchera, M.4    Dumont, J.5    Vassart, G.6
  • 65
    • 0028863032 scopus 로고
    • TSH receptor and LH receptor, 1995
    • Kosugi S, Mori T 1995 TSH receptor and LH receptor, 1995. Endocrine J 42:587-606
    • (1995) Endocrine J , vol.42 , pp. 587-606
    • Kosugi, S.1    Mori, T.2
  • 66
    • 0029056743 scopus 로고
    • Constitutive activation of the thyrotropin receptor by deletion of a portion of the extracellular domain
    • Zhang M-L, Sugawa H, Kosugi S, Mori T 1995 Constitutive activation of the thyrotropin receptor by deletion of a portion of the extracellular domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 211:205-210
    • (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.211 , pp. 205-210
    • Zhang, M.-L.1    Sugawa, H.2    Kosugi, S.3    Mori, T.4
  • 67
    • 0025089896 scopus 로고
    • The oligodendrocytemyelin glycoprotein belongs to a distinct family of proteins and contains the HNK-1 carbohydrate
    • Mikol DD, Gulcher JR, Stefansson K 1990 The oligodendrocytemyelin glycoprotein belongs to a distinct family of proteins and contains the HNK-1 carbohydrate. J Cell Biol 110:471-479
    • (1990) J Cell Biol , vol.110 , pp. 471-479
    • Mikol, D.D.1    Gulcher, J.R.2    Stefansson, K.3
  • 68
    • 0027095589 scopus 로고
    • Role of cysteine residues in the extracellular domain and exoplasmic loops of the transmembrane domain of the TSH receptor: Effect of mutation to serine on TSH receptor activity and response to thyroid stimulating autoantibodies
    • Kosugi S, Ban T, Akamizu T, Kohn LD 1992 Role of cysteine residues in the extracellular domain and exoplasmic loops of the transmembrane domain of the TSH receptor: effect of mutation to serine on TSH receptor activity and response to thyroid stimulating autoantibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189:1754-1762
    • (1992) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.189 , pp. 1754-1762
    • Kosugi, S.1    Ban, T.2    Akamizu, T.3    Kohn, L.D.4
  • 69
    • 0026513428 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the role of amino acids 38-45 in the expression of a functional thyrotropin receptor
    • Wadsworth HL, Russo D, Nagayama Y, Chazenbalk GD, Rapoport B 1992 Studies on the role of amino acids 38-45 in the expression of a functional thyrotropin receptor. Mol Endocrinol 6:394-398
    • (1992) Mol Endocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 394-398
    • Wadsworth, H.L.1    Russo, D.2    Nagayama, Y.3    Chazenbalk, G.D.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 70
    • 0016809608 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of a solubilized thyrotropin receptor from bovine thyroid plasma membranes
    • Tate RL, Holmes JM, Kohn LD, Winand RJ 1975 Characteristics of a solubilized thyrotropin receptor from bovine thyroid plasma membranes. J Biol Chem 250:6527-6533
    • (1975) J Biol Chem , vol.250 , pp. 6527-6533
    • Tate, R.L.1    Holmes, J.M.2    Kohn, L.D.3    Winand, R.J.4
  • 71
    • 0019950656 scopus 로고
    • Separation of two thyrotropin binding components from porcine thyroid tissue by affinity chromatography: Characterization of high and low affinity sites
    • Drummond RW, McQuade R, Grunwald R, Thomas Jr CG, Nayfeh SN 1982 Separation of two thyrotropin binding components from porcine thyroid tissue by affinity chromatography: characterization of high and low affinity sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:2202-2207
    • (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.79 , pp. 2202-2207
    • Drummond, R.W.1    McQuade, R.2    Grunwald, R.3    Thomas Jr., C.G.4    Nayfeh, S.N.5
  • 72
    • 0020537366 scopus 로고
    • Partial purification and properties of the TSH receptors from human thyroid plasma membranes
    • Copenh
    • Iida Y, Konishi J, Kasagi K, Endo K, Misaki T, Kuma K, Torizuka K 1983 Partial purification and properties of the TSH receptors from human thyroid plasma membranes. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 103:198-204
    • (1983) Acta Endocrinol , vol.103 , pp. 198-204
    • Iida, Y.1    Konishi, J.2    Kasagi, K.3    Endo, K.4    Misaki, T.5    Kuma, K.6    Torizuka, K.7
  • 73
    • 0022475764 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the glycoprotein nature of the thyrotropin receptor: Interaction with lectins and purification of the bovine protein with the use of Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia I affinity chromatography
    • Kress BC, Spiro RG 1986 Studies on the glycoprotein nature of the thyrotropin receptor: interaction with lectins and purification of the bovine protein with the use of Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia I affinity chromatography. Endocrinology 118:974-979
    • (1986) Endocrinology , vol.118 , pp. 974-979
    • Kress, B.C.1    Spiro, R.G.2
  • 74
    • 0030752377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering the human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain from a non-secreted form to a secreted, highly immunoreactive glycoprotein that neutralizes autoantibodies in Graves' patients' sera
    • Chazenbalk GD, Jaume JC, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1997 Engineering the human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain from a non-secreted form to a secreted, highly immunoreactive glycoprotein that neutralizes autoantibodies in Graves' patients' sera. J Biol Chem 272:18959-18965
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 18959-18965
    • Chazenbalk, G.D.1    Jaume, J.C.2    McLachlan, S.M.3    Rapoport, B.4
  • 75
    • 0025890977 scopus 로고
    • Site-directed mutagenesis of the human thyrotropin receptor: Role of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in the expression of a functional receptor
    • Russo D, Chazenbalk GD, Nagayama Y, Wadsworth HL, Rapoport B 1991 Site-directed mutagenesis of the human thyrotropin receptor: role of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in the expression of a functional receptor. Mol Endocrinol 5:29-33
    • (1991) Mol Endocrinol , vol.5 , pp. 29-33
    • Russo, D.1    Chazenbalk, G.D.2    Nagayama, Y.3    Wadsworth, H.L.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 76
    • 0023199539 scopus 로고
    • In-vitro conversion of blocking type anti-TSH receptor antibody to the stimulating type by anti-human IgG antibodies
    • Oxf
    • Amino N, Watanabe Y, Tamaki H, Iwatani Y, Miyai K 1987 In-vitro conversion of blocking type anti-TSH receptor antibody to the stimulating type by anti-human IgG antibodies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 27:615-624
    • (1987) Clin Endocrinol , vol.27 , pp. 615-624
    • Amino, N.1    Watanabe, Y.2    Tamaki, H.3    Iwatani, Y.4    Miyai, K.5
  • 77
    • 0028952460 scopus 로고
    • Folding of the recombinant human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor extracellular domain: Identification of folded monomeric and tetrameric complexes that bind TSH receptor autoantibodies
    • Graves PN, Vlase H, Davies TF 1995 Folding of the recombinant human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor extracellular domain: identification of folded monomeric and tetrameric complexes that bind TSH receptor autoantibodies. Endocrinology 136:521-527
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 521-527
    • Graves, P.N.1    Vlase, H.2    Davies, T.F.3
  • 78
    • 0028877877 scopus 로고
    • Human autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor: Recognition of linear, folded, and glycosylated recombinant extracellular domain
    • Vlase H, Graves PN, Magnusson RP, Davies TF 1995 Human autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor: recognition of linear, folded, and glycosylated recombinant extracellular domain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:46-53
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 46-53
    • Vlase, H.1    Graves, P.N.2    Magnusson, R.P.3    Davies, T.F.4
  • 79
    • 0028936425 scopus 로고
    • Expression of the extracellular region of the thyrotropin receptor in a baculovirus vector using a promoter active earlier than the polyhedrin promoter: Implications for the expression of functional, highly glycosylated proteins
    • Chazenbalk GD, Rapoport B 1995 Expression of the extracellular region of the thyrotropin receptor in a baculovirus vector using a promoter active earlier than the polyhedrin promoter: implications for the expression of functional, highly glycosylated proteins. J Biol Chem 270:1543-1549
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 1543-1549
    • Chazenbalk, G.D.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 80
    • 0020123227 scopus 로고
    • Solubilization, purification, and partial characterization of thyrotropin receptor from bovine and human thyroid glands
    • Koizumi Y, Zakarija M, McKenzie JM 1982 Solubilization, purification, and partial characterization of thyrotropin receptor from bovine and human thyroid glands. Endocrinology 110:1381-1391
    • (1982) Endocrinology , vol.110 , pp. 1381-1391
    • Koizumi, Y.1    Zakarija, M.2    McKenzie, J.M.3
  • 81
    • 0024238358 scopus 로고
    • Purification of TSH receptor from porcine thyroid membrane and effect of various protease inhibitors on receptor stability
    • Akamizu T, Mori T, Ishii H, Yotota T, Nakamura H, Imura H 1988 Purification of TSH receptor from porcine thyroid membrane and effect of various protease inhibitors on receptor stability. Endocrinol Jpn 35:275-283
    • (1988) Endocrinol Jpn , vol.35 , pp. 275-283
    • Akamizu, T.1    Mori, T.2    Ishii, H.3    Yotota, T.4    Nakamura, H.5    Imura, H.6
  • 82
    • 0025175282 scopus 로고
    • Generation of a biologically-active, secreted form of human thyroid peroxidase by site-directed mutagenesis
    • Foti D, Kaufman KD, Chazenbalk GD, Rapoport B 1990 Generation of a biologically-active, secreted form of human thyroid peroxidase by site-directed mutagenesis. Mol Endocrinol 4:786-791
    • (1990) Mol Endocrinol , vol.4 , pp. 786-791
    • Foti, D.1    Kaufman, K.D.2    Chazenbalk, G.D.3    Rapoport, B.4
  • 83
    • 0025754265 scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of an immunologically-intact, secreted form of human thyroid peroxidase in eukaryotic cells
    • Kaufman KD, Foti D, Seto P, Rapoport B 1991 Overexpression of an immunologically-intact, secreted form of human thyroid peroxidase in eukaryotic cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 78:107-114
    • (1991) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.78 , pp. 107-114
    • Kaufman, K.D.1    Foti, D.2    Seto, P.3    Rapoport, B.4
  • 84
    • 0026491141 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the extracellular region of the human thyrotropin receptor expressed as a recombinant protein
    • Harfst E, Johnstone AP, Nussey SS 1992 Characterization of the extracellular region of the human thyrotropin receptor expressed as a recombinant protein. J Mol Endocrinol 9:227-236
    • (1992) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.9 , pp. 227-236
    • Harfst, E.1    Johnstone, A.P.2    Nussey, S.S.3
  • 85
    • 0026509995 scopus 로고
    • Expression of a human thyrotropin receptor fragment in Escherichia coli and its interaction with the hormone and autoantibodies from patients with Graves' disease
    • Huang GC, Collison KS, McGregor AM, Banga JP 1992 Expression of a human thyrotropin receptor fragment in Escherichia coli and its interaction with the hormone and autoantibodies from patients with Graves' disease. J Mol Endocrinol 8:137-144
    • (1992) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.8 , pp. 137-144
    • Huang, G.C.1    Collison, K.S.2    McGregor, A.M.3    Banga, J.P.4
  • 86
    • 0028059135 scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of the extracellular domain of the thyrotrophin receptor in bacteria; production of thyrotrophin-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins
    • Costagliola S, Alcalde L, Ruf J, Vassart G, Ludgate M 1994 Overexpression of the extracellular domain of the thyrotrophin receptor in bacteria; production of thyrotrophin-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins. J Mol Endocrinol 13:11-21
    • (1994) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.13 , pp. 11-21
    • Costagliola, S.1    Alcalde, L.2    Ruf, J.3    Vassart, G.4    Ludgate, M.5
  • 87
    • 0029900952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epitope mapping of a recombinant human TSH receptor extracellular domain: Identification of a predominant epitope using animal sera
    • Hunt N, Willey KP, Abend N, Northemann W, Leidenberger F 1996 Epitope mapping of a recombinant human TSH receptor extracellular domain: identification of a predominant epitope using animal sera. J Clin Lab Anal 10:193-204
    • (1996) J Clin Lab Anal , vol.10 , pp. 193-204
    • Hunt, N.1    Willey, K.P.2    Abend, N.3    Northemann, W.4    Leidenberger, F.5
  • 88
    • 0031039927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of soluble, disulfide bond-stabilized, prokaryotically expressed human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain
    • Bobovnikova Y, Graves PN, Vlase H, Davies TF 1997 Characterization of soluble, disulfide bond-stabilized, prokaryotically expressed human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain. Endocrinology 138:588-593
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 588-593
    • Bobovnikova, Y.1    Graves, P.N.2    Vlase, H.3    Davies, T.F.4
  • 89
    • 0017191401 scopus 로고
    • An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocytes
    • Pelham HR, Jackson RJ 1976 An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocytes. Eur J Biochem 67:247-256
    • (1976) Eur J Biochem , vol.67 , pp. 247-256
    • Pelham, H.R.1    Jackson, R.J.2
  • 90
    • 0025301613 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin receptor processing and interaction with thyrotropin
    • Akamizu T, Kosugi S, Kohn LD 1990 Thyrotropin receptor processing and interaction with thyrotropin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 169:947-952
    • (1990) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.169 , pp. 947-952
    • Akamizu, T.1    Kosugi, S.2    Kohn, L.D.3
  • 91
    • 0027519239 scopus 로고
    • Expression polymerase chain reaction for the in vitro synthesis and epitope mapping of autoantigen. Application to the human thyrotropin receptor
    • Burch HB, Nagy EV, Kain KC, Lanar DE, Carr FE, Wartofsky L, Burman KD 1993 Expression polymerase chain reaction for the in vitro synthesis and epitope mapping of autoantigen. Application to the human thyrotropin receptor. J Immunol Methods 158:123-130
    • (1993) J Immunol Methods , vol.158 , pp. 123-130
    • Burch, H.B.1    Nagy, E.V.2    Kain, K.C.3    Lanar, D.E.4    Carr, F.E.5    Wartofsky, L.6    Burman, K.D.7
  • 92
    • 0030020709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of antithyrotropin receptor autoantibodies in Graves' disease serum to nascent, in vitro translated thyrotropin receptor: Ability to map epitopes recognized by antibodies
    • Morgenthaler NG, Tremble J, Huang G, Scherbaum WA, McGregor AM, Banga JP 1996 Binding of antithyrotropin receptor autoantibodies in Graves' disease serum to nascent, in vitro translated thyrotropin receptor: ability to map epitopes recognized by antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:700-706
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 700-706
    • Morgenthaler, N.G.1    Tremble, J.2    Huang, G.3    Scherbaum, W.A.4    McGregor, A.M.5    Banga, J.P.6
  • 95
    • 0026580027 scopus 로고
    • The use of the amplifiable high-expression vector pEE14 to study the interactions of autoantibodies with recombinant human thyrotropin receptor
    • Harfst E, Johnstone AP, Gout I, Taylor AH, Waterfield MD, Nussey SS 1992 The use of the amplifiable high-expression vector pEE14 to study the interactions of autoantibodies with recombinant human thyrotropin receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 83:117-123
    • (1992) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.83 , pp. 117-123
    • Harfst, E.1    Johnstone, A.P.2    Gout, I.3    Taylor, A.H.4    Waterfield, M.D.5    Nussey, S.S.6
  • 96
    • 0027416670 scopus 로고
    • The thyrotropin hormone receptor of Graves' disease: Overexpression of the extracellular domain in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus, immunoaffinity purification and analysis of autoantibody binding
    • Huang GC, Page MJ, Nicholson LB, Collison KS, McGregor AM, Banga JP 1993 The thyrotropin hormone receptor of Graves' disease: overexpression of the extracellular domain in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus, immunoaffinity purification and analysis of autoantibody binding. J Mol Endocrinol 10:127-142
    • (1993) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.10 , pp. 127-142
    • Huang, G.C.1    Page, M.J.2    Nicholson, L.B.3    Collison, K.S.4    McGregor, A.M.5    Banga, J.P.6
  • 97
    • 0027325575 scopus 로고
    • Induction of TSH binding inhibitory immunoglobulins with the extracellular domain of human thyrotropin receptor produced using baculovirus expression system
    • Seetharamaiah GS, Desai RK, Dallas JS, Tahara K, Kohn LD, Prabhakar BS 1993 Induction of TSH binding inhibitory immunoglobulins with the extracellular domain of human thyrotropin receptor produced using baculovirus expression system. Autoimmunity 14:315-320
    • (1993) Autoimmunity , vol.14 , pp. 315-320
    • Seetharamaiah, G.S.1    Desai, R.K.2    Dallas, J.S.3    Tahara, K.4    Kohn, L.D.5    Prabhakar, B.S.6
  • 98
    • 0028157562 scopus 로고
    • A recombinant extracellular domain of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor binds TSH in the absence of membranes
    • Seetharamaiah GS, Kurosky A, Desai RK, Dallas JS, Prabhakar BS 1994 A recombinant extracellular domain of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor binds TSH in the absence of membranes. Endocrinology 134:549-554
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.134 , pp. 549-554
    • Seetharamaiah, G.S.1    Kurosky, A.2    Desai, R.K.3    Dallas, J.S.4    Prabhakar, B.S.5
  • 99
    • 0027752375 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of autoantibody reactivity in patients with Graves' disease using recombinant extracellular domain of the human thyrotropin receptor and synthetic peptides
    • Fan J, Seetharamaiah GS, Desai RK, Dallas JS, Wagle NM, Prabhakar BS 1993 Analysis of autoantibody reactivity in patients with Graves' disease using recombinant extracellular domain of the human thyrotropin receptor and synthetic peptides. Autoimmunity 15:285-291
    • (1993) Autoimmunity , vol.15 , pp. 285-291
    • Fan, J.1    Seetharamaiah, G.S.2    Desai, R.K.3    Dallas, J.S.4    Wagle, N.M.5    Prabhakar, B.S.6
  • 100
    • 0031569117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of glycosylation of the human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain for its reactivity with autoantibodies in patients' sera
    • Seetharamaiah GS, Dallas JS, Patibandla SA, Thotakura NR, Prabhakar BS 1997 Requirement of glycosylation of the human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain for its reactivity with autoantibodies in patients' sera. J Immunol 158:2798-2804
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 2798-2804
    • Seetharamaiah, G.S.1    Dallas, J.S.2    Patibandla, S.A.3    Thotakura, N.R.4    Prabhakar, B.S.5
  • 101
    • 0026318716 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of thyrotropin and thyroid stimulating antibodies with recombinant extracellular region of the TSH receptor
    • Harfst E, Johnstone AP, Nussey SS 1992 Interaction of thyrotropin and thyroid stimulating antibodies with recombinant extracellular region of the TSH receptor. Lancet 339:193-194
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 193-194
    • Harfst, E.1    Johnstone, A.P.2    Nussey, S.S.3
  • 103
    • 0031035614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TSH receptor autoantibodies in serum are present at much lower concentrations than thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies: Analysis by flow cytometry
    • Jaume JC, Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk GD, Rapoport B, McLachlan SM 1997 TSH receptor autoantibodies in serum are present at much lower concentrations than thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies: analysis by flow cytometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:500-507
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 500-507
    • Jaume, J.C.1    Kakinuma, A.2    Chazenbalk, G.D.3    Rapoport, B.4    McLachlan, S.M.5
  • 104
    • 0020659825 scopus 로고
    • Immunochemical characterization of the thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) of Graves' disease: Evidence for restricted heterogeneity
    • Zakarija M 1983 Immunochemical characterization of the thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) of Graves' disease: evidence for restricted heterogeneity. J Clin Lab Immunol 10:77-85
    • (1983) J Clin Lab Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 77-85
    • Zakarija, M.1
  • 105
    • 0022592550 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid stimulating autoantibodies usually contain only lambda-light chains: Evidence for the "forbidden clone" theory
    • Knight J, Laing P, Knight A, Adams D, Ling N 1986 Thyroid stimulating autoantibodies usually contain only lambda-light chains: evidence for the "forbidden clone" theory. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 62:342-347
    • (1986) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.62 , pp. 342-347
    • Knight, J.1    Laing, P.2    Knight, A.3    Adams, D.4    Ling, N.5
  • 107
    • 0026729487 scopus 로고
    • The molecular biology of thyroid peroxidase: Cloning, expression and role as autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid disease
    • McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1992 The molecular biology of thyroid peroxidase: cloning, expression and role as autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocr Rev 13:192-206
    • (1992) Endocr Rev , vol.13 , pp. 192-206
    • McLachlan, S.M.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 108
    • 0030909929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folding-dependent binding of thyrotropin (TSH) and TSH receptor autoantibodies to the murine TSH receptor ectodomain
    • Vlase H, Matsuoka N, Graves PN, Magnusson RP, Davies TF 1997 Folding-dependent binding of thyrotropin (TSH) and TSH receptor autoantibodies to the murine TSH receptor ectodomain. Endocrinology 138:1658-1666
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 1658-1666
    • Vlase, H.1    Matsuoka, N.2    Graves, P.N.3    Magnusson, R.P.4    Davies, T.F.5
  • 109
    • 0027228194 scopus 로고
    • Influence of different signal peptides and prosequences on expression and secretion of human tissue plasminogen activator in the baculovirus system
    • Jarvis DL, Summers MD, Garcia Jr A, Bohlmeyer DA 1993 Influence of different signal peptides and prosequences on expression and secretion of human tissue plasminogen activator in the baculovirus system. J Biol Chem 268:16754-16762
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 16754-16762
    • Jarvis, D.L.1    Summers, M.D.2    Garcia Jr., A.3    Bohlmeyer, D.A.4
  • 110
    • 0029895627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical relationship between autoantibody recognition and TSH receptor maturation as reflected in the acquisition of mature carbohydrate
    • Rapoport B, McLachlan SM, Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk GD 1996 Critical relationship between autoantibody recognition and TSH receptor maturation as reflected in the acquisition of mature carbohydrate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:2525-2533
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 2525-2533
    • Rapoport, B.1    McLachlan, S.M.2    Kakinuma, A.3    Chazenbalk, G.D.4
  • 111
    • 0028906967 scopus 로고
    • Expression of human thyrotropin receptor by recombinant adenovirus
    • Okamoto Y, Hayashi Y, DeGroot LJ 1995 Expression of human thyrotropin receptor by recombinant adenovirus. Thyroid 5:51-53
    • (1995) Thyroid , vol.5 , pp. 51-53
    • Okamoto, Y.1    Hayashi, Y.2    DeGroot, L.J.3
  • 112
    • 0010394491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the peptides that inhibit the stimulation of thyrotropin receptor by Graves' immunoglobulin G from peptide libraries
    • Park JY, Kim IJ, Lee MH, Seo JK, Suh PG, Cho BY, Ryu SH, Chae C-B 1997 Identification of the peptides that inhibit the stimulation of thyrotropin receptor by Graves' immunoglobulin G from peptide libraries. Endocrinology 138:617-626
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 617-626
    • Park, J.Y.1    Kim, I.J.2    Lee, M.H.3    Seo, J.K.4    Suh, P.G.5    Cho, B.Y.6    Ryu, S.H.7    Chae, C.-B.8
  • 113
    • 0030686427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of a functional tagged human thyrotropin receptor in HeLa cells using recombinant vaccinia virus
    • Minich WB, Behr M, Loos U 1997 Expression of a functional tagged human thyrotropin receptor in HeLa cells using recombinant vaccinia virus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 105:282-290
    • (1997) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.105 , pp. 282-290
    • Minich, W.B.1    Behr, M.2    Loos, U.3
  • 115
    • 0026984740 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous responses of recombinant human thyrotropin receptor to immunoglobulins from patients with Graves' disease
    • Endo T, Ohmori M, Ikeda M, Anzai E, Onaya T 1992 Heterogeneous responses of recombinant human thyrotropin receptor to immunoglobulins from patients with Graves' disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186:1391-1396
    • (1992) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.186 , pp. 1391-1396
    • Endo, T.1    Ohmori, M.2    Ikeda, M.3    Anzai, E.4    Onaya, T.5
  • 117
    • 0029058697 scopus 로고
    • Clinical usefulness of thyroid-stimulating antibody measurement using Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human thyrotropin receptors
    • Murakami M, Miyashita K, Kakizaki S, Saito S, Yamada M, Iriuchijima T, Takeuchi T, Mori M 1995 Clinical usefulness of thyroid-stimulating antibody measurement using Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human thyrotropin receptors. Eur J Endocrinol 133:80-86
    • (1995) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.133 , pp. 80-86
    • Murakami, M.1    Miyashita, K.2    Kakizaki, S.3    Saito, S.4    Yamada, M.5    Iriuchijima, T.6    Takeuchi, T.7    Mori, M.8
  • 118
    • 0029937902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epitopes for thyroid-stimulating antibodies in Graves' sera: A possible link of heterogeneity to differences in response to anti-thyroid drug treatment
    • Kim WB, Cho BY, Park HY, Lee HK, Kohn LD, Tahara K, Koh C-S 1996 Epitopes for thyroid-stimulating antibodies in Graves' sera: a possible link of heterogeneity to differences in response to anti-thyroid drug treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1758-1767
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 1758-1767
    • Kim, W.B.1    Cho, B.Y.2    Park, H.Y.3    Lee, H.K.4    Kohn, L.D.5    Tahara, K.6    Koh, C.-S.7
  • 119
    • 0024991730 scopus 로고
    • Use of the recombinant human thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) expressed in mammalian cell lines to assay TSH-R autoantibodies
    • Ludgate M, Perret J, Parmentier M, Gerard C, Libert F, Dumont JE, Vassart G 1990 Use of the recombinant human thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) expressed in mammalian cell lines to assay TSH-R autoantibodies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 73:R13-R18
    • (1990) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.73
    • Ludgate, M.1    Perret, J.2    Parmentier, M.3    Gerard, C.4    Libert, F.5    Dumont, J.E.6    Vassart, G.7
  • 121
    • 0025849737 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human TSH receptor in a radioreceptor assay for the measurement of TSH receptor autoantibodies
    • Filetti S, Foti D, Costante G, Rapoport B 1991 Recombinant human TSH receptor in a radioreceptor assay for the measurement of TSH receptor autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72:1096-1101
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , pp. 1096-1101
    • Filetti, S.1    Foti, D.2    Costante, G.3    Rapoport, B.4
  • 123
    • 0030013462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both the 5′ and 3′ non-coding regions of the thyrotropin receptor messenger RNA influence the level of receptor protein expression in transfected mammalian cells
    • Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk G, Filetti S, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1996 Both the 5′ and 3′ non-coding regions of the thyrotropin receptor messenger RNA influence the level of receptor protein expression in transfected mammalian cells. Endocrinology 137: 2664-2669
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 2664-2669
    • Kakinuma, A.1    Chazenbalk, G.2    Filetti, S.3    McLachlan, S.M.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 124
    • 0025163648 scopus 로고
    • The functional expression of recombinant human thyrotropin receptors in nonthyroidal eukaryotic cells provides evidence that homologous desensitization to thyrotropin stimulation requires a cell-specific factor
    • Chazenbalk GD, Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Rapoport B 1990 The functional expression of recombinant human thyrotropin receptors in nonthyroidal eukaryotic cells provides evidence that homologous desensitization to thyrotropin stimulation requires a cell-specific factor. Endocrinology 127:1240-1244
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.127 , pp. 1240-1244
    • Chazenbalk, G.D.1    Nagayama, Y.2    Kaufman, K.D.3    Rapoport, B.4
  • 126
    • 0029054865 scopus 로고
    • Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: Antibodies can bind to discrete conformational or linear epitopes and block TSH binding
    • Seetharamaiah GS, Wagle NM, Morris JC, Prabhakar BS 1995 Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: antibodies can bind to discrete conformational or linear epitopes and block TSH binding. Endocrinology 136:2817-2824
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 2817-2824
    • Seetharamaiah, G.S.1    Wagle, N.M.2    Morris, J.C.3    Prabhakar, B.S.4
  • 128
    • 0025201419 scopus 로고
    • Intronic nature of the rat luteinizing hormone receptor gene defines a soluble receptor subspecies with hormone binding activity
    • Tsai-Morris CH, Buczko E, Wang W, Dufau ML 1990 Intronic nature of the rat luteinizing hormone receptor gene defines a soluble receptor subspecies with hormone binding activity. J Biol Chem 265:19385-19388
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 19385-19388
    • Tsai-Morris, C.H.1    Buczko, E.2    Wang, W.3    Dufau, M.L.4
  • 131
    • 0026802536 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and sequencing of a 1.3 kb variant of human thyrotropin receptor mRNA lacking the transmembrane domain
    • Graves PN, Tomer Y, Davies TF 1992 Cloning and sequencing of a 1.3 kb variant of human thyrotropin receptor mRNA lacking the transmembrane domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187:1135-1143
    • (1992) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.187 , pp. 1135-1143
    • Graves, P.N.1    Tomer, Y.2    Davies, T.F.3
  • 132
    • 0027300390 scopus 로고
    • High-affinity binding of thyrotropin to the extracellular domain of its receptor transfected in Chinese hamster ovary cells
    • Shi Y, Zou M, Parhar RS, Farid NR 1993 High-affinity binding of thyrotropin to the extracellular domain of its receptor transfected in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Thyroid 3:129-133
    • (1993) Thyroid , vol.3 , pp. 129-133
    • Shi, Y.1    Zou, M.2    Parhar, R.S.3    Farid, N.R.4
  • 133
    • 0030852475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of functional antagonists using N-terminal extracellular domain of gonadotropin and thyrotropin receptors
    • Osuga Y, Kudo M, Kaipia A, Kobilka B, Hsueh AJW 1997 Derivation of functional antagonists using N-terminal extracellular domain of gonadotropin and thyrotropin receptors. Mol Endocrinol 11:1659-1668
    • (1997) Mol Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 1659-1668
    • Osuga, Y.1    Kudo, M.2    Kaipia, A.3    Kobilka, B.4    Hsueh, A.J.W.5
  • 134
    • 0032496269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of the thyrotrophin receptor extracellular domain as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein and its interaction with thyrotrophin and autoantibodies
    • 133a. Da Costa CR, Johnstone AP 1998 Production of the thyrotrophin receptor extracellular domain as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein and its interaction with thyrotrophin and autoantibodies. J Biol Chem 273:11874-11880
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 11874-11880
    • Da Costa, C.R.1    Johnstone, A.P.2
  • 135
    • 85034474915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient binding of TSH and TSAbs to the aminoterminal domain of the TSH receptor inserted in the plasma membrane by a glycan phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI)
    • New Orleans, LA, Abstract P3-106
    • 133b. Costagliola S, Khoo D, Duprez L, Vassart G Efficient binding of TSH and TSAbs to the aminoterminal domain of the TSH receptor inserted in the plasma membrane by a glycan phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI). Program of the 80th Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society, New Orleans, LA, 1998 (Abstract P3-106)
    • (1998) Program of the 80th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society
    • Costagliola, S.1    Khoo, D.2    Duprez, L.3    Vassart, G.4
  • 136
    • 0031733519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble ecto-domain mutant of thyrotropin (TSH) receptor incapable of binding TSH neutralizes the action of thyroid-stimulating antibodies from Graves' patients
    • 133c. Osuga Y, Liang SG, Dallas JS, Wang C, Hsueh AJ 1998 Soluble ecto-domain mutant of thyrotropin (TSH) receptor incapable of binding TSH neutralizes the action of thyroid-stimulating antibodies from Graves' patients. Endocrinology 139:671-676
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , pp. 671-676
    • Osuga, Y.1    Liang, S.G.2    Dallas, J.S.3    Wang, C.4    Hsueh, A.J.5
  • 137
    • 0025567011 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular domain chimeras of the TSH and LH/CG receptors reveal the mid-region (amino acids 171-260) to play a vital role in high affinity TSH binding
    • Nagayama Y, Russo D, Chazenbalk GD, Wadsworth HL, Rapoport B 1990 Extracellular domain chimeras of the TSH and LH/CG receptors reveal the mid-region (amino acids 171-260) to play a vital role in high affinity TSH binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173:1150-1156
    • (1990) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.173 , pp. 1150-1156
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Russo, D.2    Chazenbalk, G.D.3    Wadsworth, H.L.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 138
    • 0028337046 scopus 로고
    • High affinity binding of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid-stimulating autoantibody for the TSH receptor extracellular domain
    • Nagayama Y, Takeshita A, Luo W, Ashizawa K, Yokoyama N, Nagataki S 1994 High affinity binding of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid-stimulating autoantibody for the TSH receptor extracellular domain. Thyroid 4:155-159
    • (1994) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 155-159
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Takeshita, A.2    Luo, W.3    Ashizawa, K.4    Yokoyama, N.5    Nagataki, S.6
  • 139
    • 0016401367 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in Graves' disease
    • Rees Smith B, Hall R 1974 Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in Graves' disease. Lancet 2:427-431
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 427-431
    • Rees Smith, B.1    Hall, R.2
  • 140
    • 0016427951 scopus 로고
    • A radio-ligand receptor assay for the long-acting thyroid stimulator
    • Mehdi SQ, Nussey SS 1975 A radio-ligand receptor assay for the long-acting thyroid stimulator. Biochem J 145:105-111
    • (1975) Biochem J , vol.145 , pp. 105-111
    • Mehdi, S.Q.1    Nussey, S.S.2
  • 141
    • 0025831943 scopus 로고
    • Binding domains of stimulatory and inhibitory thyrotropin (TSH) receptor autoantibodies determined with chimeric TSH-lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin receptors
    • Nagayama Y, Wadsworth HL, Russo D, Chazenbalk GD, Rapoport B 1991 Binding domains of stimulatory and inhibitory thyrotropin (TSH) receptor autoantibodies determined with chimeric TSH-lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin receptors. J Clin Invest 88:336-340
    • (1991) J Clin Invest , vol.88 , pp. 336-340
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Wadsworth, H.L.2    Russo, D.3    Chazenbalk, G.D.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 142
    • 0025951486 scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulins from Graves' disease patients interact with different sites on TSH receptor/LH-CG receptor chimeras than either TSH or immunoglobulins from idiopathic myxedema patients
    • Tahara K, Ban T, Minegishi T, Kohn LD 1991 Immunoglobulins from Graves' disease patients interact with different sites on TSH receptor/LH-CG receptor chimeras than either TSH or immunoglobulins from idiopathic myxedema patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 179:70-77
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.179 , pp. 70-77
    • Tahara, K.1    Ban, T.2    Minegishi, T.3    Kohn, L.D.4
  • 143
    • 0027158153 scopus 로고
    • The lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor . . . 4 years later
    • Segaloff DL, Ascoli M 1993 The lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor . . . 4 years later. Endocr Rev 14:324-347
    • (1993) Endocr Rev , vol.14 , pp. 324-347
    • Segaloff, D.L.1    Ascoli, M.2
  • 144
    • 0030909929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folding-dependent binding of thyrotropin (TSH) and TSH receptor autoantibodies to the murine TSH receptor ectodomain
    • Vlase H, Matsuoka N, Graves PN, Magnusson RP, Davies TF 1997 Folding-dependent binding of thyrotropin (TSH) and TSH receptor autoantibodies to the murine TSH receptor ectodomain. Endocrinology 138:1658-1666
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 1658-1666
    • Vlase, H.1    Matsuoka, N.2    Graves, P.N.3    Magnusson, R.P.4    Davies, T.F.5
  • 145
    • 0027319614 scopus 로고
    • Structure-function studies of the human thyrotropin receptor. Inhibition of binding of labeled thyrotropin (TSH) by synthetic human TSH receptor peptides
    • Morris JC, Bergert ER, McCormick DJ 1993 Structure-function studies of the human thyrotropin receptor. Inhibition of binding of labeled thyrotropin (TSH) by synthetic human TSH receptor peptides. J Biol Chem 268:10900-10905
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 10900-10905
    • Morris, J.C.1    Bergert, E.R.2    McCormick, D.J.3
  • 146
    • 0028053403 scopus 로고
    • Delineation of amino acid residues within hTSHr 256-275 that participate in hormone binding
    • Bryant WP, Bergert ER, Morris JC 1994 Delineation of amino acid residues within hTSHr 256-275 that participate in hormone binding. J Biol Chem 269:30935-30938
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 30935-30938
    • Bryant, W.P.1    Bergert, E.R.2    Morris, J.C.3
  • 147
    • 0027934508 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the first extracellular loop of thyrotropin receptor prevents ligand binding
    • Haraguchi K, Saito T, Endo T, Onaya T 1994 Disruption of the first extracellular loop of thyrotropin receptor prevents ligand binding. Life Sci 55:961-968
    • (1994) Life Sci , vol.55 , pp. 961-968
    • Haraguchi, K.1    Saito, T.2    Endo, T.3    Onaya, T.4
  • 148
    • 0029016558 scopus 로고
    • The functional significance of the second extracellular loop of thyrotropin receptor in thyrotropin- And thyroid stimulating antibody-dependent signal transduction
    • Kaneshige M, Haraguchi K, Endo T, Anzai E, Onaya T 1995 The functional significance of the second extracellular loop of thyrotropin receptor in thyrotropin- and thyroid stimulating antibody-dependent signal transduction. Horm Metab Res 27:267-271
    • (1995) Horm Metab Res , vol.27 , pp. 267-271
    • Kaneshige, M.1    Haraguchi, K.2    Endo, T.3    Anzai, E.4    Onaya, T.5
  • 149
    • 0028237862 scopus 로고
    • The third exoplasmic loop of the thyrotropin receptor is partially involved in signal transduction
    • Kosugi S, Mori T 1994 The third exoplasmic loop of the thyrotropin receptor is partially involved in signal transduction. FEBS Lett 349:89-92
    • (1994) FEBS Lett , vol.349 , pp. 89-92
    • Kosugi, S.1    Mori, T.2
  • 150
    • 0028097211 scopus 로고
    • Hormone-binding properties and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant form of the extracellular domain of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor expressed in mammalian cells
    • Thomas DM, Segaloff DL 1994 Hormone-binding properties and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant form of the extracellular domain of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor expressed in mammalian cells. Endocrinology 135:1902-1912
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.135 , pp. 1902-1912
    • Thomas, D.M.1    Segaloff, D.L.2
  • 151
    • 0028842897 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular retention of mutant gonadotropin receptors results in loss of hormone binding activity of the follitropin receptor but not the lutropin/ choriogonadotropin receptor
    • Rozell TG, Wang H, Liu X, Segaloff DL 1995 Intracellular retention of mutant gonadotropin receptors results in loss of hormone binding activity of the follitropin receptor but not the lutropin/ choriogonadotropin receptor. Mol Endocrinol 9:1727-1736
    • (1995) Mol Endocrinol , vol.9 , pp. 1727-1736
    • Rozell, T.G.1    Wang, H.2    Liu, X.3    Segaloff, D.L.4
  • 152
    • 0028071359 scopus 로고
    • Identification of epitopes and affinity purification of thyroid stimulating auto-antibodies using synthetic human TSH receptor peptides
    • Morris JC, Gibson JL, Haas EJ, Bergert ER, Dallas JS, Prabhakar BS 1994 Identification of epitopes and affinity purification of thyroid stimulating auto-antibodies using synthetic human TSH receptor peptides. Autoimmunity 17:287-299
    • (1994) Autoimmunity , vol.17 , pp. 287-299
    • Morris, J.C.1    Gibson, J.L.2    Haas, E.J.3    Bergert, E.R.4    Dallas, J.S.5    Prabhakar, B.S.6
  • 153
    • 0014711928 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) with thyroid tissue in vitro
    • Smith BR 1970 The interaction of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) with thyroid tissue in vitro. J Endocrinol 46:45-54
    • (1970) J Endocrinol , vol.46 , pp. 45-54
    • Smith, B.R.1
  • 154
    • 0015887715 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the binding activity for the long-acting thyroid stimulator
    • Dirmikis S, Munro DS 1973 Studies on the binding activity for the long-acting thyroid stimulator. J Endocrinol 58:577-590
    • (1973) J Endocrinol , vol.58 , pp. 577-590
    • Dirmikis, S.1    Munro, D.S.2
  • 155
    • 0021368378 scopus 로고
    • A water-soluble fragment of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor which binds both thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies
    • Davies Jones E, Rees Smith B 1984 A water-soluble fragment of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor which binds both thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies. J Endocrinol 100:113-118
    • (1984) J Endocrinol , vol.100 , pp. 113-118
    • Davies Jones, E.1    Rees Smith, B.2
  • 156
    • 0025989322 scopus 로고
    • The biological activity of bovine and human thyrotropin is differently affected by trypsin treatment of human thyroid cells: Thyroid-stimulating antibody is related to human thyrotropin
    • Foti D, Russo D, Costante G, Filetti S 1991 The biological activity of bovine and human thyrotropin is differently affected by trypsin treatment of human thyroid cells: thyroid-stimulating antibody is related to human thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73:710-716
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.73 , pp. 710-716
    • Foti, D.1    Russo, D.2    Costante, G.3    Filetti, S.4
  • 158
    • 0025351555 scopus 로고
    • Epitopes on protein antigens: Misconceptions and realities
    • Laver WG, Air GM, Webster RG, Smith-Gill SJ 1990 Epitopes on protein antigens: misconceptions and realities. Cell 61:553-556
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 553-556
    • Laver, W.G.1    Air, G.M.2    Webster, R.G.3    Smith-Gill, S.J.4
  • 159
    • 0025949715 scopus 로고
    • Thyroperoxidase, but not the thyrotropin receptor, contains sequential epitopes recognized by autoantibodies in recombinant peptides expressed in the pUEX vector
    • Libert F, Ludgate M, Dinsart C, Vassart G 1991 Thyroperoxidase, but not the thyrotropin receptor, contains sequential epitopes recognized by autoantibodies in recombinant peptides expressed in the pUEX vector. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73:857-860
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.73 , pp. 857-860
    • Libert, F.1    Ludgate, M.2    Dinsart, C.3    Vassart, G.4
  • 160
    • 0018131621 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the binding of radio-labeled thyrotropin to cultured human thyroid cells
    • Yamamoto M, Rapoport B 1978 Studies on the binding of radio-labeled thyrotropin to cultured human thyroid cells. Endocrinology 103:2011-2019
    • (1978) Endocrinology , vol.103 , pp. 2011-2019
    • Yamamoto, M.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 161
    • 0029549668 scopus 로고
    • Identification of thyroid blocking antibodies and receptor epitopes in autoimmune hypothyroidism by affinity purification using synthetic TSH receptor peptides
    • Bryant WP, Bergert ER, Morris JC 1995 Identification of thyroid blocking antibodies and receptor epitopes in autoimmune hypothyroidism by affinity purification using synthetic TSH receptor peptides. Autoimmunity 22:69-79
    • (1995) Autoimmunity , vol.22 , pp. 69-79
    • Bryant, W.P.1    Bergert, E.R.2    Morris, J.C.3
  • 162
    • 0030819082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin-receptor-mediated diseases: A paradigm for receptor autoimmunity
    • Prabhakar BS, Fan J, Seetharamaiah GS 1997 Thyrotropin-receptor-mediated diseases: a paradigm for receptor autoimmunity. Immunol Today 18:437-442
    • (1997) Immunol Today , vol.18 , pp. 437-442
    • Prabhakar, B.S.1    Fan, J.2    Seetharamaiah, G.S.3
  • 163
    • 0018641426 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin receptors on bovine thyroid membranes: Two types with different affinities and specificities
    • Pekonen F, Weintraub BD 1979 Thyrotropin receptors on bovine thyroid membranes: two types with different affinities and specificities. Endocrinology 105:352-359
    • (1979) Endocrinology , vol.105 , pp. 352-359
    • Pekonen, F.1    Weintraub, B.D.2
  • 165
    • 0025743387 scopus 로고
    • Eleven amino acids (Lys-201 to Lys-211) and 9 amino acids (Gly-222 to Leu-230) in the human thyrotropin receptor are involved in ligand binding
    • Nagayama Y, Russo D, Wadsworth HL, Chazenbalk GD, Rapoport B 1991 Eleven amino acids (Lys-201 to Lys-211) and 9 amino acids (Gly-222 to Leu-230) in the human thyrotropin receptor are involved in ligand binding. J Biol Chem 266:14926-14930
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 14926-14930
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Russo, D.2    Wadsworth, H.L.3    Chazenbalk, G.D.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 166
    • 0025721846 scopus 로고
    • Further characterization of a high affinity thyrotropin binding site on the rat thyrotropin receptor which is an epitope for blocking antibodies from idiopathic myxedema patients but not thyroid stimulating antibodies from Graves' patients
    • Kosugi S, Ban T, Akamizu T, Kohn LD 1991 Further characterization of a high affinity thyrotropin binding site on the rat thyrotropin receptor which is an epitope for blocking antibodies from idiopathic myxedema patients but not thyroid stimulating antibodies from Graves' patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 180: 1118-1124
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.180 , pp. 1118-1124
    • Kosugi, S.1    Ban, T.2    Akamizu, T.3    Kohn, L.D.4
  • 167
    • 0027532027 scopus 로고
    • Identification of thyroid-stimulating antibody-specific interaction sites in the N-terminal region of the thyrotropin receptor
    • Kosugi S, Ban T, Kohn LD 1993 Identification of thyroid-stimulating antibody-specific interaction sites in the N-terminal region of the thyrotropin receptor. Mol Endocrinol 7:114-130
    • (1993) Mol Endocrinol , vol.7 , pp. 114-130
    • Kosugi, S.1    Ban, T.2    Kohn, L.D.3
  • 168
    • 0026522437 scopus 로고
    • Identification of separate determinants on the thyrotropin receptor reactive with Graves' thyroid-stimulating antibodies and with thyroid-stimulating blocking antibodies in idiopathic myxedema: These determinants have no homologous sequence on gonadotropin receptors
    • Kosugi S, Ban T, Akamizu T, Kohn LD 1992 Identification of separate determinants on the thyrotropin receptor reactive with Graves' thyroid-stimulating antibodies and with thyroid-stimulating blocking antibodies in idiopathic myxedema: these determinants have no homologous sequence on gonadotropin receptors. Mol Endocrinol 6:168-180
    • (1992) Mol Endocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 168-180
    • Kosugi, S.1    Ban, T.2    Akamizu, T.3    Kohn, L.D.4
  • 169
    • 0028354607 scopus 로고
    • Further studies of amino acids (268-304) in thyrotropin (TSH)-lutropin/ chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor chimeras: Cysteine-301 is important in TSH binding and receptor tertiary structure
    • Akamizu T, Inoue D, Kosugi S, Kohn LD, Mori T 1994 Further studies of amino acids (268-304) in thyrotropin (TSH)-lutropin/ chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor chimeras: cysteine-301 is important in TSH binding and receptor tertiary structure. Thyroid 4:43-48
    • (1994) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 43-48
    • Akamizu, T.1    Inoue, D.2    Kosugi, S.3    Kohn, L.D.4    Mori, T.5
  • 170
    • 0026677984 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid stimulatory autoantibodies in different patients with autoimmune thyroid disease do not all recognize the same components of the human thyrotropin receptor: Selective role of receptor amino acids Ser25-Glu30
    • Nagayama Y, Rapoport B 1992 Thyroid stimulatory autoantibodies in different patients with autoimmune thyroid disease do not all recognize the same components of the human thyrotropin receptor: selective role of receptor amino acids Ser25-Glu30. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75:1425-1430
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.75 , pp. 1425-1430
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 171
    • 0014943861 scopus 로고
    • Preparation of thyroid plasma membranes containing a TSH-responsive adenyl cyclase
    • Yamashita K, Field JB 1970 Preparation of thyroid plasma membranes containing a TSH-responsive adenyl cyclase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 40:171-178
    • (1970) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.40 , pp. 171-178
    • Yamashita, K.1    Field, J.B.2
  • 172
    • 0015239705 scopus 로고
    • The purification of bovine thyroid plasma membranes and the properties of membrane-bound adenyl cyclase
    • Wolff J, Jones AB 1971 The purification of bovine thyroid plasma membranes and the properties of membrane-bound adenyl cyclase. J Biol Chem 246:3939-3947
    • (1971) J Biol Chem , vol.246 , pp. 3939-3947
    • Wolff, J.1    Jones, A.B.2
  • 173
    • 0017264073 scopus 로고
    • Human thyroid adenyl cyclase-stimulating activity in immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease
    • Orgiazzi J, Williams DE, Chopra IJ, Solomon DH 1976 Human thyroid adenyl cyclase-stimulating activity in immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 42:341-354
    • (1976) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.42 , pp. 341-354
    • Orgiazzi, J.1    Williams, D.E.2    Chopra, I.J.3    Solomon, D.H.4
  • 174
    • 0018184359 scopus 로고
    • Detection and properties of TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis
    • Endo K, Kasagi K, Konishi J, Ikekubo K, Tatsuyo O, Takeda Y, Mori T, Torizuka K 1978 Detection and properties of TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 46:734-739
    • (1978) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.46 , pp. 734-739
    • Endo, K.1    Kasagi, K.2    Konishi, J.3    Ikekubo, K.4    Tatsuyo, O.5    Takeda, Y.6    Mori, T.7    Torizuka, K.8
  • 175
    • 0026074817 scopus 로고
    • Development of chicken antibodies toward the human thyrotropin receptor peptides and their bioactivities
    • Ohmori M, Endo T, Onaya T 1991 Development of chicken antibodies toward the human thyrotropin receptor peptides and their bioactivities. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 174:399-403
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.174 , pp. 399-403
    • Ohmori, M.1    Endo, T.2    Onaya, T.3
  • 176
    • 0025911896 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid stimulating activity of rabbit antibodies toward the human thyrotropin receptor peptide
    • Endo T, Ohmori M, Ikeda M, Onaya T 1991 Thyroid stimulating activity of rabbit antibodies toward the human thyrotropin receptor peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 177:145-150
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.177 , pp. 145-150
    • Endo, T.1    Ohmori, M.2    Ikeda, M.3    Onaya, T.4
  • 177
    • 0031154048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in epitopes for thyroid-stimulating antibodies in Graves' disease sera during treatment of hyperthyroidism: Therapeutic implications
    • Kim WB, Chung HK, Lee HK, Kohn LD, Tahara K, Cho BY 1997 Changes in epitopes for thyroid-stimulating antibodies in Graves' disease sera during treatment of hyperthyroidism: therapeutic implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:1953-1959
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 1953-1959
    • Kim, W.B.1    Chung, H.K.2    Lee, H.K.3    Kohn, L.D.4    Tahara, K.5    Cho, B.Y.6
  • 178
    • 0001966082 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal responses in the assay of thyrotropins
    • Adams DD, Purves HD 1956 Abnormal responses in the assay of thyrotropins. Proc Univ Otago Sch Med 34:11-12
    • (1956) Proc Univ Otago Sch Med , vol.34 , pp. 11-12
    • Adams, D.D.1    Purves, H.D.2
  • 180
    • 0000177574 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of the long-acting thyroid stimulator and its relation to hyperthyroidism and circumscribed pretibial myxedema
    • Kriss JP, Pleshakov V, Chien JR 1964 Isolation and identification of the long-acting thyroid stimulator and its relation to hyperthyroidism and circumscribed pretibial myxedema. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 24:1005-1028
    • (1964) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.24 , pp. 1005-1028
    • Kriss, J.P.1    Pleshakov, V.2    Chien, J.R.3
  • 181
    • 0005949052 scopus 로고
    • Binding of hormone to tissue: The first step in polypeptide hormone action
    • Pastan I, Roth J, Macchia V 1966 Binding of hormone to tissue: the first step in polypeptide hormone action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 56:1802-1809
    • (1966) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.56 , pp. 1802-1809
    • Pastan, I.1    Roth, J.2    Macchia, V.3
  • 182
    • 0015445679 scopus 로고
    • Reversible binding of labelled and non-labelled thyrotrophin by intact thyroid tissue in vitro
    • Manley SW, Bourke JR, Hawker RW 1972 Reversible binding of labelled and non-labelled thyrotrophin by intact thyroid tissue in vitro. J Endocrinol 55:555-563
    • (1972) J Endocrinol , vol.55 , pp. 555-563
    • Manley, S.W.1    Bourke, J.R.2    Hawker, R.W.3
  • 183
    • 0015919862 scopus 로고
    • The binding of thyrotropin to isolated bovine thyroid plasma membranes
    • Amir SM, Carraway Jr TF, Kohn LD 1973 The binding of thyrotropin to isolated bovine thyroid plasma membranes. J Biol Chem 248:4092-4100
    • (1973) J Biol Chem , vol.248 , pp. 4092-4100
    • Amir, S.M.1    Carraway Jr., T.F.2    Kohn, L.D.3
  • 185
    • 0016259295 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone binding to beef thyroid membranes
    • Moore WV, Wolff J 1974 Thyroid-stimulating hormone binding to beef thyroid membranes. J Biol Chem 249:6255-6263
    • (1974) J Biol Chem , vol.249 , pp. 6255-6263
    • Moore, W.V.1    Wolff, J.2
  • 186
    • 0016827670 scopus 로고
    • Studies of thyroid-stimulating hormone binding to bovine thyroid plasma membranes
    • Kotani M, Kariya T, Field JB 1975 Studies of thyroid-stimulating hormone binding to bovine thyroid plasma membranes. Metabolism 24:959-971
    • (1975) Metabolism , vol.24 , pp. 959-971
    • Kotani, M.1    Kariya, T.2    Field, J.B.3
  • 187
    • 0014798972 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of thyroid adenyl cyclase activity and cyclic adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate by long-acting thyroid stimulator
    • Kaneko T, Zor U, Field JB 1970 Stimulation of thyroid adenyl cyclase activity and cyclic adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate by long-acting thyroid stimulator. Metabolism 19:430-438
    • (1970) Metabolism , vol.19 , pp. 430-438
    • Kaneko, T.1    Zor, U.2    Field, J.B.3
  • 188
    • 0014945859 scopus 로고
    • Activation of thyroid adenyl cyclase by long-acting thyroid stimulator
    • Levey GS, Pastan I 1970 Activation of thyroid adenyl cyclase by long-acting thyroid stimulator. Life Sci 9:67-73
    • (1970) Life Sci , vol.9 , pp. 67-73
    • Levey, G.S.1    Pastan, I.2
  • 189
    • 0016152169 scopus 로고
    • Binding of thyroid stimulators to thyroid membranes
    • Smith BR, Hall R 1974 Binding of thyroid stimulators to thyroid membranes. FEBS Lett 42:301-304
    • (1974) FEBS Lett , vol.42 , pp. 301-304
    • Smith, B.R.1    Hall, R.2
  • 191
    • 0018869941 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for thyroid-growth-stimulating immunoglobulins in some goitrous thyroid diseases
    • Drexhage HA, Bottazzo GF, Doniach D, Bitensky L, Chayen J 1980 Evidence for thyroid-growth-stimulating immunoglobulins in some goitrous thyroid diseases. Lancet 2:287-292
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 287-292
    • Drexhage, H.A.1    Bottazzo, G.F.2    Doniach, D.3    Bitensky, L.4    Chayen, J.5
  • 192
    • 0019466939 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor: Implications for receptor structure and the action of autoantibodies in Graves disease
    • Yavin E, Yavin Z, Schneider MD, Kohn LD 1981 Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor: implications for receptor structure and the action of autoantibodies in Graves disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:3180-3184
    • (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.78 , pp. 3180-3184
    • Yavin, E.1    Yavin, Z.2    Schneider, M.D.3    Kohn, L.D.4
  • 193
    • 0023444531 scopus 로고
    • Assays for thyroid growth immunoglobulins and their clinical implications: Methods, concepts and misconceptions
    • Dumont JE, Roger PP, Ludgate M 1987 Assays for thyroid growth immunoglobulins and their clinical implications: methods, concepts and misconceptions. Endocr Rev 8:448-452
    • (1987) Endocr Rev , vol.8 , pp. 448-452
    • Dumont, J.E.1    Roger, P.P.2    Ludgate, M.3
  • 194
    • 0023866535 scopus 로고
    • Evidence supporting the identity in Graves' disease of thyroid-stimulating antibody and thyroid growth-promoting immunoglobulin G as assayed in FRTL5 cells
    • Zakarija M, Jin S, McKenzie JM 1988 Evidence supporting the identity in Graves' disease of thyroid-stimulating antibody and thyroid growth-promoting immunoglobulin G as assayed in FRTL5 cells. J Clin Invest 81:879-884
    • (1988) J Clin Invest , vol.81 , pp. 879-884
    • Zakarija, M.1    Jin, S.2    McKenzie, J.M.3
  • 195
    • 0030016080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity and thyroid growth. Where do we stand?
    • Drexhage HA 1996 Autoimmunity and thyroid growth. Where do we stand? Eur J Endocrinol 135:39-45
    • (1996) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.135 , pp. 39-45
    • Drexhage, H.A.1
  • 196
    • 84995845134 scopus 로고
    • The presence of an abnormal thyroid stimulator in the serum of some thyrotoxic patients
    • Adams DD 1958 The presence of an abnormal thyroid stimulator in the serum of some thyrotoxic patients. J Clin Endocrinol 18: 699-712
    • (1958) J Clin Endocrinol , vol.18 , pp. 699-712
    • Adams, D.D.1
  • 197
    • 85003126219 scopus 로고
    • The bioassay of thyrotropin in serum
    • McKenzie JM 1958 The bioassay of thyrotropin in serum. Endocrinology 63:372-382
    • (1958) Endocrinology , vol.63 , pp. 372-382
    • McKenzie, J.M.1
  • 198
    • 0000283911 scopus 로고
    • Delayed thyroid response to serum from thyrotoxic patients
    • McKenzie JM 1958 Delayed thyroid response to serum from thyrotoxic patients. Endocrinology 62:865-868
    • (1958) Endocrinology , vol.62 , pp. 865-868
    • McKenzie, J.M.1
  • 199
    • 0014056447 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence in thyrotoxicosis of a gamma globulin which protects LATS from neutralization by an extract of thyroid gland
    • Adams DD, Kennedy TH 1967 Occurrence in thyrotoxicosis of a gamma globulin which protects LATS from neutralization by an extract of thyroid gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 27:173-177
    • (1967) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.27 , pp. 173-177
    • Adams, D.D.1    Kennedy, T.H.2
  • 202
    • 0015619504 scopus 로고
    • New in vitro tests to detect the thyroid stimulator in sera from hyperthyroid patients by measuring colloid droplet formation and cyclic AMP in human thyroid slices
    • Onaya T, Kotani K, Yamada T, Ochi Y 1973 New in vitro tests to detect the thyroid stimulator in sera from hyperthyroid patients by measuring colloid droplet formation and cyclic AMP in human thyroid slices. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:859-866
    • (1973) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.36 , pp. 859-866
    • Onaya, T.1    Kotani, K.2    Yamada, T.3    Ochi, Y.4
  • 203
    • 0017136764 scopus 로고
    • Dog thyroid cells in monolayer tissue culture: Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate response to thyrotropic hormone
    • Rapoport B 1976 Dog thyroid cells in monolayer tissue culture: adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate response to thyrotropic hormone. Endocrinology 98:1189-1197
    • (1976) Endocrinology , vol.98 , pp. 1189-1197
    • Rapoport, B.1
  • 204
    • 0018221462 scopus 로고
    • Bioassay of TSH using dog thyroid cells in monolayer culture
    • Rapoport B, Adams RJ 1978 Bioassay of TSH using dog thyroid cells in monolayer culture. Metabolism 27:1732-1742
    • (1978) Metabolism , vol.27 , pp. 1732-1742
    • Rapoport, B.1    Adams, R.J.2
  • 205
    • 0018831749 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) detected in sera of Graves' patients using human thyroid cell cultures
    • Toccafondi R, Aterini S, Medici MA, Rotella CM, Tanini A, Zonefrati R 1980 Thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) detected in sera of Graves' patients using human thyroid cell cultures. Clin Exp Immunol 40:532-539
    • (1980) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.40 , pp. 532-539
    • Toccafondi, R.1    Aterini, S.2    Medici, M.A.3    Rotella, C.M.4    Tanini, A.5    Zonefrati, R.6
  • 207
    • 0020469552 scopus 로고
    • A new in vitro assay for human thyroid stimulator using cultured thyroid cells: Effect of sodium chloride on adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate increase
    • Kasagi K, Konishi J, Iida Y, Ikekubo K, Mori T, Kuma K, Torizuka K 1982 A new in vitro assay for human thyroid stimulator using cultured thyroid cells: effect of sodium chloride on adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate increase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54:108-114
    • (1982) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.54 , pp. 108-114
    • Kasagi, K.1    Konishi, J.2    Iida, Y.3    Ikekubo, K.4    Mori, T.5    Kuma, K.6    Torizuka, K.7
  • 208
    • 0014868644 scopus 로고
    • Specific and non-specific responses in the bioassay of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS)
    • Chopra IJ, Solomon DH, Limberg NP 1970 Specific and non-specific responses in the bioassay of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 31:382-390
    • (1970) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.31 , pp. 382-390
    • Chopra, I.J.1    Solomon, D.H.2    Limberg, N.P.3
  • 211
    • 0024310223 scopus 로고
    • Clinical Review 3: The clinical use of thyrotropin receptor antibody measurements
    • McKenzie JM, Zakarija M 1989 Clinical Review 3: The clinical use of thyrotropin receptor antibody measurements. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69:1093-1096
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.69 , pp. 1093-1096
    • McKenzie, J.M.1    Zakarija, M.2
  • 212
    • 0028339493 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in a new cell line transfected with a functional human TSH receptor (JP09 cells), compared with an assay using FRTL-5 cells
    • Oxf
    • Michelangeli VP, Munro DS, Poon CW, Frauman AG, Colman PG 1994 Measurement of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in a new cell line transfected with a functional human TSH receptor (JP09 cells), compared with an assay using FRTL-5 cells. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 40:645-652
    • (1994) Clin Endocrinol , vol.40 , pp. 645-652
    • Michelangeli, V.P.1    Munro, D.S.2    Poon, C.W.3    Frauman, A.G.4    Colman, P.G.5
  • 213
    • 0020593849 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of thyrotropin-induced adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate increase by immunoglobulins from patients with primary myxedema
    • Konishi J, Iida Y, Endo K, Misaki T, Nohara Y, Matsuura N, Mori T, Torizuka K 1983 Inhibition of thyrotropin-induced adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate increase by immunoglobulins from patients with primary myxedema. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57:544-549
    • (1983) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.57 , pp. 544-549
    • Konishi, J.1    Iida, Y.2    Endo, K.3    Misaki, T.4    Nohara, Y.5    Matsuura, N.6    Mori, T.7    Torizuka, K.8
  • 214
    • 0021191641 scopus 로고
    • Transient neonatal hypothyroidism due to maternal immunoglobulins that inhibit thyrotropin-binding and post-receptor processes
    • Takasu N, Mori T, Koizumi Y, Takeuchi S, Yamada T 1984 Transient neonatal hypothyroidism due to maternal immunoglobulins that inhibit thyrotropin-binding and post-receptor processes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 59:142-146
    • (1984) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.59 , pp. 142-146
    • Takasu, N.1    Mori, T.2    Koizumi, Y.3    Takeuchi, S.4    Yamada, T.5
  • 216
    • 0031000765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtypes of anti-TSH receptor antibodies classified by various assays using CHO cells expressing wild-type or chimeric human TSH receptor
    • Watanabe Y, Tahara K, Hirai A, Tada H, Kohn LD, Amino N 1997 Subtypes of anti-TSH receptor antibodies classified by various assays using CHO cells expressing wild-type or chimeric human TSH receptor. Thyroid 7:13-19
    • (1997) Thyroid , vol.7 , pp. 13-19
    • Watanabe, Y.1    Tahara, K.2    Hirai, A.3    Tada, H.4    Kohn, L.D.5    Amino, N.6
  • 217
    • 0019754929 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of thyrotropin receptor antibodies
    • Rees Smith B, Hall R 1981 Measurement of thyrotropin receptor antibodies. Methods Enzymol 74:405-420
    • (1981) Methods Enzymol , vol.74 , pp. 405-420
    • Rees Smith, B.1    Hall, R.2
  • 218
    • 0019978172 scopus 로고
    • An improved radioreceptor assay for TSH receptor antibodies
    • Oxf
    • Shewring GA, Rees Smith B 1982 An improved radioreceptor assay for TSH receptor antibodies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 17:409-417
    • (1982) Clin Endocrinol , vol.17 , pp. 409-417
    • Shewring, G.A.1    Rees Smith, B.2
  • 219
    • 0023868366 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of thyroid stimulating activities measured by cyclic AMP production, those by radioiodine uptake in FRTL-5 cells and TSH-binding inhibitory activities in patients with hyperthyroid and euthyroid Graves' diseases
    • Copenh
    • Kasagi K, Hatabu H, Tokuda Y, Aral K, Iida Y, Konishi J 1988 Comparison of thyroid stimulating activities measured by cyclic AMP production, those by radioiodine uptake in FRTL-5 cells and TSH-binding inhibitory activities in patients with hyperthyroid and euthyroid Graves' diseases. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 117: 365-372
    • (1988) Acta Endocrinol , vol.117 , pp. 365-372
    • Kasagi, K.1    Hatabu, H.2    Tokuda, Y.3    Aral, K.4    Iida, Y.5    Konishi, J.6
  • 220
    • 0030842532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor in a TSH binding inhibition assay for TSH receptor autoantibodies
    • Kakinuma A, Chazenbalk GD, Jaume JC, Rapoport B, McLachlan SM 1997 The human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor in a TSH binding inhibition assay for TSH receptor autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:2129-2134
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 2129-2134
    • Kakinuma, A.1    Chazenbalk, G.D.2    Jaume, J.C.3    Rapoport, B.4    McLachlan, S.M.5
  • 221
    • 0020418745 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for species specificity in the interaction between thyrotropin and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and their receptor in thyroid tissue
    • Rapoport B, Takai NA, Filetti S 1982 Evidence for species specificity in the interaction between thyrotropin and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and their receptor in thyroid tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54:1059-1062
    • (1982) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.54 , pp. 1059-1062
    • Rapoport, B.1    Takai, N.A.2    Filetti, S.3
  • 223
    • 0021123596 scopus 로고
    • Precipitation of the thyrotropin receptor and identification of thyroid autoantigens using Graves' disease immunoglobulins
    • Heyma P, Harrison LC 1984 Precipitation of the thyrotropin receptor and identification of thyroid autoantigens using Graves' disease immunoglobulins. J Clin Invest 74:1090-1097
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.74 , pp. 1090-1097
    • Heyma, P.1    Harrison, L.C.2
  • 224
    • 0021748303 scopus 로고
    • Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled human thyroid cell proteins by serum from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease
    • Rapoport B, Seto P, Magnusson RP 1984 Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled human thyroid cell proteins by serum from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinology 115:2137-2144
    • (1984) Endocrinology , vol.115 , pp. 2137-2144
    • Rapoport, B.1    Seto, P.2    Magnusson, R.P.3
  • 226
    • 0027449081 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant thyroid autoantigens: The keys to the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease
    • McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1993 Recombinant thyroid autoantigens: the keys to the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. J Intern Med 234:347-359
    • (1993) J Intern Med , vol.234 , pp. 347-359
    • McLachlan, S.M.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 229
    • 0023820358 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of thyrotropin-stimulated iodide uptake in FRTL-5 thyroid cells by crude immunoglobulin fractions from patients with goitrous and atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis
    • Tokuda Y, Kasagi K, Iida Y, Hatabu H, Misaki T, Arai K, Endo K, Konishi J 1988 Inhibition of thyrotropin-stimulated iodide uptake in FRTL-5 thyroid cells by crude immunoglobulin fractions from patients with goitrous and atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:251-258
    • (1988) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.67 , pp. 251-258
    • Tokuda, Y.1    Kasagi, K.2    Iida, Y.3    Hatabu, H.4    Misaki, T.5    Arai, K.6    Endo, K.7    Konishi, J.8
  • 230
    • 0027451585 scopus 로고
    • Dual mechanism of perturbation of thyrotropin-mediated activation of thyroid cells by antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and TSHR-derived peptides
    • Desai RK, Dallas JS, Gupta MK, Seetharamaiah GS, Fan J, Tahara K, Kohn LD, Prabhakar BS 1993 Dual mechanism of perturbation of thyrotropin-mediated activation of thyroid cells by antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and TSHR-derived peptides. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:658-663
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 658-663
    • Desai, R.K.1    Dallas, J.S.2    Gupta, M.K.3    Seetharamaiah, G.S.4    Fan, J.5    Tahara, K.6    Kohn, L.D.7    Prabhakar, B.S.8
  • 231
    • 0029896189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHrAb) can inhibit TSH-mediated cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate production in thyroid cells by either blocking TSH binding or affecting a step subsequent to TSH binding
    • Dallas JS, Cunningham SJ, Patibandla SA, Seetharamaiah GS, Morris JC, Tahara K, Kohn LD, Prabhakar BS 1996 Thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHrAb) can inhibit TSH-mediated cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate production in thyroid cells by either blocking TSH binding or affecting a step subsequent to TSH binding. Endocrinology 137:3329-3339
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 3329-3339
    • Dallas, J.S.1    Cunningham, S.J.2    Patibandla, S.A.3    Seetharamaiah, G.S.4    Morris, J.C.5    Tahara, K.6    Kohn, L.D.7    Prabhakar, B.S.8
  • 232
  • 235
    • 0030069237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient with monoclonal gammopathy, thyrotoxicosis, pretibial myxedema and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy; demonstration of direct binding of autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor
    • Tonacchera M, Costagliola S, Cetani F, Ducobu J, Stordeur P, Vassart G, Ludgate M 1996 Patient with monoclonal gammopathy, thyrotoxicosis, pretibial myxedema and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy; demonstration of direct binding of autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor. Eur J Endocrinol 134:97-103
    • (1996) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.134 , pp. 97-103
    • Tonacchera, M.1    Costagliola, S.2    Cetani, F.3    Ducobu, J.4    Stordeur, P.5    Vassart, G.6    Ludgate, M.7
  • 236
    • 0027756809 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies recognizing two different epitopes on the TSH receptor: Lack of relationship to patient age, sex and ophthalmopathy
    • Jaume JC, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1993 Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies recognizing two different epitopes on the TSH receptor: lack of relationship to patient age, sex and ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 3:291-295
    • (1993) Thyroid , vol.3 , pp. 291-295
    • Jaume, J.C.1    Prummel, M.F.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3    McLachlan, S.M.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 237
    • 0028980901 scopus 로고
    • Combinatorial immunoglobulin gene libraries: New insights into human organ-specific autoantibodies
    • Rapoport B, Portolano S, McLachlan SM 1995 Combinatorial immunoglobulin gene libraries: new insights into human organ-specific autoantibodies. Immunol Today 16:43-49
    • (1995) Immunol Today , vol.16 , pp. 43-49
    • Rapoport, B.1    Portolano, S.2    McLachlan, S.M.3
  • 238
    • 0029160330 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and epitopic analysis of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibodies: Markers of the human thyroid autoimmune response
    • McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1995 Genetic and epitopic analysis of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibodies: markers of the human thyroid autoimmune response. Clin Exp Immunol 101:200-206
    • (1995) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.101 , pp. 200-206
    • McLachlan, S.M.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 239
    • 15844387253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural studies of human autoantibodies. Crystal structure of a thyroid peroxidase autoantibody Fab
    • Chacko S, Padlan E, Portolano S, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1996 Structural studies of human autoantibodies. Crystal structure of a thyroid peroxidase autoantibody Fab. J Biol Chem 271:12191-12198
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 12191-12198
    • Chacko, S.1    Padlan, E.2    Portolano, S.3    McLachlan, S.M.4    Rapoport, B.5
  • 240
    • 0024320379 scopus 로고
    • Epitope-directed processing of specific antigen by B lymphocytes
    • Davidson HW, Watts C 1989 Epitope-directed processing of specific antigen by B lymphocytes. J Cell Biol 109:85-92
    • (1989) J Cell Biol , vol.109 , pp. 85-92
    • Davidson, H.W.1    Watts, C.2
  • 241
    • 0030576932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibody-mediated capture and presentation of autoantigen to T cells via the Fc epsilon receptor by a recombinant human autoantibody Fab converted to IgE
    • Guo J, Quaratino S, Jaume JC, Costante G, Londei M, McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1996 Autoantibody-mediated capture and presentation of autoantigen to T cells via the Fc epsilon receptor by a recombinant human autoantibody Fab converted to IgE. J Immunol Methods 195:81-92
    • (1996) J Immunol Methods , vol.195 , pp. 81-92
    • Guo, J.1    Quaratino, S.2    Jaume, J.C.3    Costante, G.4    Londei, M.5    McLachlan, S.M.6    Rapoport, B.7
  • 242
    • 0026508153 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the human thyrotropin receptor
    • Marion S, Ropars A, Ludgate M, Braun JM, Charreire J 1992 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the human thyrotropin receptor. Endocrinology 130:967-975
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.130 , pp. 967-975
    • Marion, S.1    Ropars, A.2    Ludgate, M.3    Braun, J.M.4    Charreire, J.5
  • 243
    • 0023919011 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor raised by an autoantiidiotypic protocol and their relationship to monoclonal autoantibodies from Graves' patients
    • Hill BL, Erlanger BF 1988 Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor raised by an autoantiidiotypic protocol and their relationship to monoclonal autoantibodies from Graves' patients. Endocrinology 122:2840-2850
    • (1988) Endocrinology , vol.122 , pp. 2840-2850
    • Hill, B.L.1    Erlanger, B.F.2
  • 244
    • 0025735519 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies intereact with the 93 kilodalton thyrotropin receptor and exhibit heterogeneous biological activities
    • Costagliola S, Ruf J, Durand-Gorde M-J, Carayon P 1991 Monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies intereact with the 93 kilodalton thyrotropin receptor and exhibit heterogeneous biological activities. Endocrinology 128:1555-1562
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.128 , pp. 1555-1562
    • Costagliola, S.1    Ruf, J.2    Durand-Gorde, M.-J.3    Carayon, P.4
  • 245
    • 0026768084 scopus 로고
    • Peptide sequences from the hypervariable regions of two monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor are similar to TSH and inhibit TSH-increased cAMP production in FRTL-5 cells
    • Taub R, Hsu J-C, Garsky VM, Hill BL, Erlanger BF, Kohn LD 1992 Peptide sequences from the hypervariable regions of two monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor are similar to TSH and inhibit TSH-increased cAMP production in FRTL-5 cells. J Biol Chem 267:5977-5984
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 5977-5984
    • Taub, R.1    Hsu, J.-C.2    Garsky, V.M.3    Hill, B.L.4    Erlanger, B.F.5    Kohn, L.D.6
  • 246
    • 0031939694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic immunization against the human thyrotropin receptor causes thyroiditis and allows production of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the native receptor
    • Costagliola S, Rodien P, Many MC, Ludgate M, Vassart G 1998 Genetic immunization against the human thyrotropin receptor causes thyroiditis and allows production of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the native receptor. J Immunol 160:1458-1465
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 1458-1465
    • Costagliola, S.1    Rodien, P.2    Many, M.C.3    Ludgate, M.4    Vassart, G.5
  • 247
    • 0006500345 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor: Stimulating and blocking antibodies derived from the lymphocytes of patients with Graves disease
    • Valente WA, Vitti P, Yavin Z, Yavin E, Rotella CM, Grollman EF, Toccafondi RS, Kohn LD 1982 Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor: stimulating and blocking antibodies derived from the lymphocytes of patients with Graves disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6680-6684
    • (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.79 , pp. 6680-6684
    • Valente, W.A.1    Vitti, P.2    Yavin, Z.3    Yavin, E.4    Rotella, C.M.5    Grollman, E.F.6    Toccafondi, R.S.7    Kohn, L.D.8
  • 248
    • 0023156958 scopus 로고
    • A study of human-human hybridomas from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease
    • De Bernardo E, Davies TF 1987 A study of human-human hybridomas from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clin Immunol 7:71-77
    • (1987) J Clin Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 71-77
    • De Bernardo, E.1    Davies, T.F.2
  • 249
    • 0023701621 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor bind to a 56-kDa subunit of the thyrotropin receptor and show heterogeneous bioactivities
    • Yoshida T, Ichikawa Y, Ito K, Homma M 1988 Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor bind to a 56-kDa subunit of the thyrotropin receptor and show heterogeneous bioactivities. J Biol Chem 263:16341-16347
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , pp. 16341-16347
    • Yoshida, T.1    Ichikawa, Y.2    Ito, K.3    Homma, M.4
  • 250
    • 0023116367 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of Graves' immunoglobulin G: Comparison of thyrotropin receptor antibodies in serum and in culture supernatants of lymphocytes transformed by Epstein-Barr virus infection
    • Yokoyama N, Izumi M, Katamine S, Nagataki S 1987 Heterogeneity of Graves' immunoglobulin G: comparison of thyrotropin receptor antibodies in serum and in culture supernatants of lymphocytes transformed by Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64:215-218
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.64 , pp. 215-218
    • Yokoyama, N.1    Izumi, M.2    Katamine, S.3    Nagataki, S.4
  • 251
    • 0023937075 scopus 로고
    • Development of a human monoclonal antibody from a Graves' disease patient that identifies a novel thyroid membrane antigen
    • Baker JR, Saunders NB, Kaulfersch W, Burman KD 1988 Development of a human monoclonal antibody from a Graves' disease patient that identifies a novel thyroid membrane antigen. J Immunol 140:2593-2599
    • (1988) J Immunol , vol.140 , pp. 2593-2599
    • Baker, J.R.1    Saunders, N.B.2    Kaulfersch, W.3    Burman, K.D.4
  • 252
    • 0028347466 scopus 로고
    • Variable regions of Ig heavy chain genes encoding antithyrotropin receptor antibodies of patients with Graves' disease
    • Shin EK, Akamizu T, Matsuda F, Sugawa H, Fujikura J, Mori T, Honjo T 1994 Variable regions of Ig heavy chain genes encoding antithyrotropin receptor antibodies of patients with Graves' disease. J Immunol 152:1485-1492
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 1485-1492
    • Shin, E.K.1    Akamizu, T.2    Matsuda, F.3    Sugawa, H.4    Fujikura, J.5    Mori, T.6    Honjo, T.7
  • 253
    • 0028556839 scopus 로고
    • Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antithyrotropin receptor antibodies obtained from peripheral lymphocytes of hypothyroid patients with primary myxedema
    • Okuda J, Akamizu T, Sugawa H, Matsuda F, Hua L, Mori T 1994 Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antithyrotropin receptor antibodies obtained from peripheral lymphocytes of hypothyroid patients with primary myxedema. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:1600-1604
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 1600-1604
    • Okuda, J.1    Akamizu, T.2    Sugawa, H.3    Matsuda, F.4    Hua, L.5    Mori, T.6
  • 255
    • 0029792876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human IgG autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor from Epstein Barr virus transformed B lymphocytes: Characterization by immunoprecipitation with recombinant antigen and biological activity
    • Morgenthaler NG, Kim MR, Tremble J, Huang GC, Richter W, Gupta M, Scherbaum WA, McGregor AM, Banga JP 1996 Human IgG autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor from Epstein Barr virus transformed B lymphocytes: characterization by immunoprecipitation with recombinant antigen and biological activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3155-3161
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3155-3161
    • Morgenthaler, N.G.1    Kim, M.R.2    Tremble, J.3    Huang, G.C.4    Richter, W.5    Gupta, M.6    Scherbaum, W.A.7    McGregor, A.M.8    Banga, J.P.9
  • 256
    • 0028950442 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphocytes producing IgG class monoclonal antibodies using a magnetic cell separator (MACS): Preparation of thyroid-stimulating IgG antibodies from patients with Graves' disease
    • Li H, Akamizu T, Okuda J, Sugawa H, Matsuda F, Tsubata T, Mori T 1995 Isolation of Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphocytes producing IgG class monoclonal antibodies using a magnetic cell separator (MACS): preparation of thyroid-stimulating IgG antibodies from patients with Graves' disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 207:985-993
    • (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.207 , pp. 985-993
    • Li, H.1    Akamizu, T.2    Okuda, J.3    Sugawa, H.4    Matsuda, F.5    Tsubata, T.6    Mori, T.7
  • 257
    • 0029795598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial: Monoclonal human autoantibodies to the TSH receptor: The holy grail, and why are we looking for it?
    • McLachlan SM, Rapoport B 1996 Editorial: Monoclonal human autoantibodies to the TSH receptor: the holy grail, and why are we looking for it? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3152-3154
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3152-3154
    • McLachlan, S.M.1    Rapoport, B.2
  • 258
    • 0028019518 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant thyrotropin receptor and the induction of autoimmune thyroid disease in BALB/c mice: A new animal model
    • Costagliola S, Many MC, Stalmans-Falys M, Tonacchera M, Vassart G, Ludgate M 1994 Recombinant thyrotropin receptor and the induction of autoimmune thyroid disease in BALB/c mice: a new animal model. Endocrinology 135:2150-2159
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.135 , pp. 2150-2159
    • Costagliola, S.1    Many, M.C.2    Stalmans-Falys, M.3    Tonacchera, M.4    Vassart, G.5    Ludgate, M.6
  • 259
    • 84995932394 scopus 로고
    • Partial purification and characterization of thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulins from normal human plasma
    • Brown RS, Kertiles LP, Reichlin S 1983 Partial purification and characterization of thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulins from normal human plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 56:156-163
    • (1983) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.56 , pp. 156-163
    • Brown, R.S.1    Kertiles, L.P.2    Reichlin, S.3
  • 260
    • 0021245219 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of monoclonal antibodies derived from lymphocytes from Graves' disease patients in a cytochemical bioassay for thyroid stimulators
    • Ealey PA, Kohn LD, Ekins RP, Marshall NJ 1984 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies derived from lymphocytes from Graves' disease patients in a cytochemical bioassay for thyroid stimulators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 58:909-914
    • (1984) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.58 , pp. 909-914
    • Ealey, P.A.1    Kohn, L.D.2    Ekins, R.P.3    Marshall, N.J.4
  • 261
    • 0021925546 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against solubilized thyrotropin receptors in a cytochemical bioassay for thyroid stimulators
    • Ealey PA, Valente WA, Ekins RP, Kohn LD, Marshall NJ 1985 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against solubilized thyrotropin receptors in a cytochemical bioassay for thyroid stimulators. Endocrinology 116:124-131
    • (1985) Endocrinology , vol.116 , pp. 124-131
    • Ealey, P.A.1    Valente, W.A.2    Ekins, R.P.3    Kohn, L.D.4    Marshall, N.J.5
  • 263
    • 0021321286 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that thyroid stimulating antibody is produced within the thyroid gland
    • Kendall-Taylor P, Knox AJ, Steel NR, Atkinson S 1984 Evidence that thyroid stimulating antibody is produced within the thyroid gland. Lancet 1:654-656
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 654-656
    • Kendall-Taylor, P.1    Knox, A.J.2    Steel, N.R.3    Atkinson, S.4
  • 264
    • 0022521405 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid glands in patients' with Graves' disease are sources of thyrotropin-binding inhibitory (TBI) activity
    • Copenh
    • Arqueros MC, Niepomniszcze H, Moreno J 1986 Thyroid glands in patients' with Graves' disease are sources of thyrotropin-binding inhibitory (TBI) activity. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 112:351-354
    • (1986) Acta Endocrinol , vol.112 , pp. 351-354
    • Arqueros, M.C.1    Niepomniszcze, H.2    Moreno, J.3
  • 266
    • 0023789337 scopus 로고
    • Absence of gradient of thyrotropin receptor antibody and T cell subset distribution between thyroid and peripheral venous blood in patients with Graves' disease prepared for surgery with carbimazole and potassium iodide
    • Wilson R, McKillop JH, Pearson C, Burnett AK, Gunn I, McNicol AM, Thomson JA 1988 Absence of gradient of thyrotropin receptor antibody and T cell subset distribution between thyroid and peripheral venous blood in patients with Graves' disease prepared for surgery with carbimazole and potassium iodide. Clin Exp Immunol 73:265-268
    • (1988) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.73 , pp. 265-268
    • Wilson, R.1    McKillop, J.H.2    Pearson, C.3    Burnett, A.K.4    Gunn, I.5    McNicol, A.M.6    Thomson, J.A.7
  • 267
    • 0028236132 scopus 로고
    • The presence of higher levels of thyroglobulin, but not thyroid autoantibodies, in the thyroid vein in Graves' disease
    • Chou F, Wang PW, Sheen-Chen SM 1994 The presence of higher levels of thyroglobulin, but not thyroid autoantibodies, in the thyroid vein in Graves' disease. J Endocrinol Invest 17:41-44
    • (1994) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.17 , pp. 41-44
    • Chou, F.1    Wang, P.W.2    Sheen-Chen, S.M.3
  • 268
    • 1842792486 scopus 로고
    • Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease
    • Chapter 8. Garland Publishing Inc, New York
    • Janeway Jr CA, Travers P 1994 Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. Chapter 8. The humoral immune response. Garland Publishing Inc, New York, pp 8.1-8.58
    • (1994) The Humoral Immune Response , pp. 81-858
    • Janeway Jr., C.A.1    Travers, P.2
  • 269
    • 0021916755 scopus 로고
    • Human T cell clones from autoimmune thyroid glands: Specific recognition of autologous thyroid cells
    • Londei M, Bottazzo GF, Feldmann M 1985 Human T cell clones from autoimmune thyroid glands: specific recognition of autologous thyroid cells. Science 228:85-89
    • (1985) Science , vol.228 , pp. 85-89
    • Londei, M.1    Bottazzo, G.F.2    Feldmann, M.3
  • 271
  • 274
    • 0026661174 scopus 로고
    • T cell responses to synthetic TSH receptor peptides in Graves' disease
    • Tandon N, Freeman MA, Weetman AP 1992 T cell responses to synthetic TSH receptor peptides in Graves' disease. Clin Exp Immunol 89:468-473
    • (1992) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.89 , pp. 468-473
    • Tandon, N.1    Freeman, M.A.2    Weetman, A.P.3
  • 276
    • 0027730657 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in cellular and antibody responses against thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' disease detected using synthetic peptides
    • Fan J, Desai RK, Seetharamaiah GS, Dallas JS, Wagle NM, Prabhakar BS 1993 Heterogeneity in cellular and antibody responses against thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' disease detected using synthetic peptides. J Autoimmun 6:799-808
    • (1993) J Autoimmun , vol.6 , pp. 799-808
    • Fan, J.1    Desai, R.K.2    Seetharamaiah, G.S.3    Dallas, J.S.4    Wagle, N.M.5    Prabhakar, B.S.6
  • 277
    • 0028354606 scopus 로고
    • Proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Graves' disease to synthetic peptide epitopes of human thyrotropin receptor
    • Okamoto Y, Yanagawa T, Fisfalen ME, DeGroot LJ 1994 Proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Graves' disease to synthetic peptide epitopes of human thyrotropin receptor. Thyroid 4:37-42
    • (1994) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 37-42
    • Okamoto, Y.1    Yanagawa, T.2    Fisfalen, M.E.3    DeGroot, L.J.4
  • 280
    • 0029092298 scopus 로고
    • Does thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine therapy, or antithyroid drug treatment alter reactivity of patients' T cells to epitopes of thyrotropin receptor in autoimmune thyroid diseases
    • Soliman M, Kaplan E, Abdel-Latif A, Scherberg N, DeGroot LJ 1995 Does thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine therapy, or antithyroid drug treatment alter reactivity of patients' T cells to epitopes of thyrotropin receptor in autoimmune thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:2312-2321
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 2312-2321
    • Soliman, M.1    Kaplan, E.2    Abdel-Latif, A.3    Scherberg, N.4    DeGroot, L.J.5
  • 281
    • 0030331939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell recognition of residue 158-176 in thyrotropin receptor confers risk for development of thyroid autoimmunity in siblings in a family with Graves' disease
    • Soliman M, Kaplan E, Guimaraes V, Yanagawa T, DeGroot LJ 1996 T-cell recognition of residue 158-176 in thyrotropin receptor confers risk for development of thyroid autoimmunity in siblings in a family with Graves' disease. Thyroid 6:545-551
    • (1996) Thyroid , vol.6 , pp. 545-551
    • Soliman, M.1    Kaplan, E.2    Guimaraes, V.3    Yanagawa, T.4    DeGroot, L.J.5
  • 282
    • 0029102181 scopus 로고
    • Establishment and characterization of an antihuman thyrotropin (TSH) receptor-specific CD4+ T cell line from a patient with Graves' disease: Evidence for multiple T cell epitopes on the TSH receptor including the transmembrane domain
    • Akamizu T, Ueda Y, Okuda J, Mori T 1995 Establishment and characterization of an antihuman thyrotropin (TSH) receptor-specific CD4+ T cell line from a patient with Graves' disease: evidence for multiple T cell epitopes on the TSH receptor including the transmembrane domain. Thyroid 5:259-264
    • (1995) Thyroid , vol.5 , pp. 259-264
    • Akamizu, T.1    Ueda, Y.2    Okuda, J.3    Mori, T.4
  • 284
    • 0029082506 scopus 로고
    • Identification of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-specific T cells in Graves' disease thyroid using autoantigen-transfected Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines
    • Mullins RJ, Cohen SBA, Webb MC, Chernajovsky Y, Dayan C, Londei M, Feldmann M 1995 Identification of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-specific T cells in Graves' disease thyroid using autoantigen-transfected Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines. J Clin Invest 96:30-37
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 30-37
    • Mullins, R.J.1    Cohen, S.B.A.2    Webb, M.C.3    Chernajovsky, Y.4    Dayan, C.5    Londei, M.6    Feldmann, M.7
  • 285
    • 0028865707 scopus 로고
    • TSH receptor sequences recognized by CD4+ T cells in Graves' disease patients and healthy controls
    • Kellerman S, McCormick DJ, Freeman SL, Morris JC, Conti-Fine BM 1995 TSH receptor sequences recognized by CD4+ T cells in Graves' disease patients and healthy controls. J Autoimmun 8:685-698
    • (1995) J Autoimmun , vol.8 , pp. 685-698
    • Kellerman, S.1    McCormick, D.J.2    Freeman, S.L.3    Morris, J.C.4    Conti-Fine, B.M.5
  • 286
    • 0030921560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of major T-cell epitopes on human TSH receptor by overriding immune heterogeneity in patients with Graves' disease
    • Martin A, Nakashima M, Zhou A, Aronson D, Werner AJ, Davies TF 1997 Detection of major T-cell epitopes on human TSH receptor by overriding immune heterogeneity in patients with Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3361-3366
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 3361-3366
    • Martin, A.1    Nakashima, M.2    Zhou, A.3    Aronson, D.4    Werner, A.J.5    Davies, T.F.6
  • 287
    • 0027595079 scopus 로고
    • Identifying strategies for immune intervention
    • Lanzavecchia A 1993 Identifying strategies for immune intervention. Science 260:937-944
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 937-944
    • Lanzavecchia, A.1
  • 288
    • 0029143341 scopus 로고
    • Peptide-selected T cell lines from myasthenia gravis patients and controls recognize epitopes that are not processed from whole acetylcholine receptor
    • Matsuo H, Batocchi A-P, Hawke S, Nicolle M, Jacobson L, Vincent A, Newsom-Davis J, Willcox N 1995 Peptide-selected T cell lines from myasthenia gravis patients and controls recognize epitopes that are not processed from whole acetylcholine receptor. J Immunol 155:3683-3692
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 3683-3692
    • Matsuo, H.1    Batocchi, A.-P.2    Hawke, S.3    Nicolle, M.4    Jacobson, L.5    Vincent, A.6    Newsom-Davis, J.7    Willcox, N.8
  • 289
    • 0025735629 scopus 로고
    • The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity
    • Steinman RM 1991 The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu Rev Immunol 9:271-296
    • (1991) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 271-296
    • Steinman, R.M.1
  • 290
    • 0022982063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroglobulin-treated blood dendritic cells induce IgG anti-thyroglobulin antibody in vitro in Hashimoto's thyroiditis
    • Farrant J, Bryant AE, Chan J, Himsworth RL 1996 Thyroglobulin-treated blood dendritic cells induce IgG anti-thyroglobulin antibody in vitro in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 41:433-442
    • (1996) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.41 , pp. 433-442
    • Farrant, J.1    Bryant, A.E.2    Chan, J.3    Himsworth, R.L.4
  • 291
    • 0025240576 scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated antigen uptake and its effect on antigen presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes
    • Lanzavecchia A 1990 Receptor-mediated antigen uptake and its effect on antigen presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 8:773-793
    • (1990) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 773-793
    • Lanzavecchia, A.1
  • 292
    • 0023936046 scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of T cell clones stimulated by macrophages exposed to antigen complexed with monoclonal antibodies. a possible influence of paratype specificity on the mode of antigen processing
    • Manca F, Fenoglio D, Kunkl A, Cambiaggi C, Sasso M, Celada F 1988 Differential activation of T cell clones stimulated by macrophages exposed to antigen complexed with monoclonal antibodies. A possible influence of paratype specificity on the mode of antigen processing. J Immunol 140:2893-2898
    • (1988) J Immunol , vol.140 , pp. 2893-2898
    • Manca, F.1    Fenoglio, D.2    Kunkl, A.3    Cambiaggi, C.4    Sasso, M.5    Celada, F.6
  • 293
    • 0027267589 scopus 로고
    • Suppressive effect of antibody on processing of T cell epitopes
    • Watts C, Lanzavecchia A 1993 Suppressive effect of antibody on processing of T cell epitopes. J Exp Med 178:1459-1463
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.178 , pp. 1459-1463
    • Watts, C.1    Lanzavecchia, A.2
  • 294
    • 0029035307 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of antigen processing by bound antibodies canboost or suppress class II major histocompatibility complex presentation of different T cell determinants
    • Simitsek PD, Campbell DG, Lanzavecchia A, Fairweather N, Watts C 1995 Modulation of antigen processing by bound antibodies canboost or suppress class II major histocompatibility complex presentation of different T cell determinants. J Exp Med 181: 1957-1963
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.181 , pp. 1957-1963
    • Simitsek, P.D.1    Campbell, D.G.2    Lanzavecchia, A.3    Fairweather, N.4    Watts, C.5
  • 295
    • 0021034058 scopus 로고
    • Role of aberrant HLA-DR expression and antigen presentation in induction of endocrine autoimmunity
    • Bottazzo GF, Pujol-Borrell R, Hanafusa T, Feldmann M 1983 Role of aberrant HLA-DR expression and antigen presentation in induction of endocrine autoimmunity. Lancet 2:1115-1118
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1115-1118
    • Bottazzo, G.F.1    Pujol-Borrell, R.2    Hanafusa, T.3    Feldmann, M.4
  • 296
    • 0023280401 scopus 로고
    • An intrathyroidal T-cell clone specifically cytotoxic for human thyroid cells
    • Mackenzie WA, Davies TF 1987 An intrathyroidal T-cell clone specifically cytotoxic for human thyroid cells. Immunology 61:101-103
    • (1987) Immunology , vol.61 , pp. 101-103
    • Mackenzie, W.A.1    Davies, T.F.2
  • 297
    • 0028240762 scopus 로고
    • Transfection of thyroid autoantigens into EBV-transformed B cell lines
    • Mullins RJ, Chernajovsky Y, Dayan C, Londei M, Feldmann M 1994 Transfection of thyroid autoantigens into EBV-transformed B cell lines. J Immunol 152:5572-5580
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 5572-5580
    • Mullins, R.J.1    Chernajovsky, Y.2    Dayan, C.3    Londei, M.4    Feldmann, M.5
  • 298
  • 299
    • 0027218097 scopus 로고
    • Use of Epstein-Barr virus-based vectors for expression of thyroid autoantigens in human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines
    • McIntosh RS, Mulcahy AF, Hales JM, Diamond AG 1993 Use of Epstein-Barr virus-based vectors for expression of thyroid autoantigens in human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. J Autoimmun 6:353-365
    • (1993) J Autoimmun , vol.6 , pp. 353-365
    • McIntosh, R.S.1    Mulcahy, A.F.2    Hales, J.M.3    Diamond, A.G.4
  • 300
    • 0024353079 scopus 로고
    • TH1 and TH2 cells: Different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties
    • Mosmann TR, Coffman RL 1989 TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annu Rev Immunol 7:145-173
    • (1989) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 145-173
    • Mosmann, T.R.1    Coffman, R.L.2
  • 301
    • 0028347092 scopus 로고
    • Cell-mediated or humoral immunity in Graves' ophthalmopathy? Profiles of T-cell cytokines amplified by polymerase chain reaction from orbital tissue
    • McLachlan SM, Prummel MF, Rapoport B 1994 Cell-mediated or humoral immunity in Graves' ophthalmopathy? Profiles of T-cell cytokines amplified by polymerase chain reaction from orbital tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:1070-1074
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , pp. 1070-1074
    • McLachlan, S.M.1    Prummel, M.F.2    Rapoport, B.3
  • 302
    • 0028237673 scopus 로고
    • Intrathyroidal cytokine gene expression profiles in autoimmune thyroiditis
    • Paschke R, Schuppert F, Taton M, Velu T 1994 Intrathyroidal cytokine gene expression profiles in autoimmune thyroiditis. J Endocrinol 141:309-315
    • (1994) J Endocrinol , vol.141 , pp. 309-315
    • Paschke, R.1    Schuppert, F.2    Taton, M.3    Velu, T.4
  • 303
    • 0029923832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different cytokine mRNA profiles in Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and nonautoimmune thyroid disorders determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
    • Heuer M, Aust G, Ode-Hakim S, Scherbaum WA 1996 Different cytokine mRNA profiles in Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and nonautoimmune thyroid disorders determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thyroid 6:97-106
    • (1996) Thyroid , vol.6 , pp. 97-106
    • Heuer, M.1    Aust, G.2    Ode-Hakim, S.3    Scherbaum, W.A.4
  • 304
    • 0028890866 scopus 로고
    • Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases
    • Liblau RS, Singer SM, McDevitt HO 1995 Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Immunol Today 16:34-38
    • (1995) Immunol Today , vol.16 , pp. 34-38
    • Liblau, R.S.1    Singer, S.M.2    McDevitt, H.O.3
  • 305
    • 0027510452 scopus 로고
    • Infection, thyroid disease, and autoimmunity
    • Tomer Y, Davies TF 1993 Infection, thyroid disease, and autoimmunity. Endocr Rev 14:107-120
    • (1993) Endocr Rev , vol.14 , pp. 107-120
    • Tomer, Y.1    Davies, T.F.2
  • 306
    • 0026323834 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide and amino acid homology between the human thyrotropin receptor and the HIV-1 Nef protein: Identification and functional analysis
    • Burch HB, Nagy EV, Lukes YG, Cai WY, Wartofsky L, Burman KD 1991 Nucleotide and amino acid homology between the human thyrotropin receptor and the HIV-1 Nef protein: identification and functional analysis. Biochem Soc Trans 181:498-505
    • (1991) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.181 , pp. 498-505
    • Burch, H.B.1    Nagy, E.V.2    Lukes, Y.G.3    Cai, W.Y.4    Wartofsky, L.5    Burman, K.D.6
  • 307
    • 0016397077 scopus 로고
    • Yersinia enterocolitica and thyroid disorders
    • Bech K, Larsen JH, Hansen JM, Nerup J 1974 Yersinia enterocolitica and thyroid disorders. Lancet 2:951-952
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 951-952
    • Bech, K.1    Larsen, J.H.2    Hansen, J.M.3    Nerup, J.4
  • 308
    • 0017135496 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica in thyroid disease
    • Shenkman L, Bottone EJ 1976 Antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica in thyroid disease. Ann Intern Med 85:735-739
    • (1976) Ann Intern Med , vol.85 , pp. 735-739
    • Shenkman, L.1    Bottone, E.J.2
  • 310
    • 0017296088 scopus 로고
    • Indirect immunofluorescence staining of human thyroid by antibodies occurring in Yersinia enterocolitica infections
    • Lidman K, Eriksson U, Norberg R, Fagraeus A 1976 Indirect immunofluorescence staining of human thyroid by antibodies occurring in Yersinia
    • (1976) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 429-435
    • Lidman, K.1    Eriksson, U.2    Norberg, R.3    Fagraeus, A.4
  • 311
    • 0020580354 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of a saturable binding site for thyrotropin in Yersinia enterocolitica
    • Weiss M, Ingbar SH, Winblad S, Kasper DL 1983 Demonstration of a saturable binding site for thyrotropin in Yersinia enterocolitica. Science 219:1331-1333
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 1331-1333
    • Weiss, M.1    Ingbar, S.H.2    Winblad, S.3    Kasper, D.L.4
  • 312
    • 0022576769 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin (TSH) binding sites on Yersinia enterocolitica recognized by immunoglobulins from humans with Graves' disease
    • Heyma P, Harrison LC, Robins-Browne R 1986 Thyrotropin (TSH) binding sites on Yersinia enterocolitica recognized by immunoglobulins from humans with Graves' disease. Clin Exp Immunol 64: 249-254
    • (1986) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.64 , pp. 249-254
    • Heyma, P.1    Harrison, L.C.2    Robins-Browne, R.3
  • 313
    • 0024322284 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin (TSH)-binding proteins in bacteria and their cross-reaction with autoantibodies against the human TSH receptor
    • Byfield PGH, Davies SC, Copping S, Barclay FE, Borriello SP 1989 Thyrotropin (TSH)-binding proteins in bacteria and their cross-reaction with autoantibodies against the human TSH receptor. J Endocrinol 121:571-577
    • (1989) J Endocrinol , vol.121 , pp. 571-577
    • Byfield, P.G.H.1    Davies, S.C.2    Copping, S.3    Barclay, F.E.4    Borriello, S.P.5
  • 315
    • 0023848109 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to plasmid-encoded proteins of enteropathogenic Yersinia in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease
    • Wenzel BE, Heesemann J, Wenzel KW, Scriba PC 1988 Antibodies to plasmid-encoded proteins of enteropathogenic Yersinia in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Lancet 1:56
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 56
    • Wenzel, B.E.1    Heesemann, J.2    Wenzel, K.W.3    Scriba, P.C.4
  • 316
    • 0028215958 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica envelope proteins which induce antibodies that react with human thyrotropin receptor
    • Luo G, Seetharamaiah GS, Niesel DW, Zhang H, Peterson JW, Prabhakar BS, Klimpel GR 1994 Purification and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica envelope proteins which induce antibodies that react with human thyrotropin receptor. J Immunol 152:2555-2561
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 2555-2561
    • Luo, G.1    Seetharamaiah, G.S.2    Niesel, D.W.3    Zhang, H.4    Peterson, J.W.5    Prabhakar, B.S.6    Klimpel, G.R.7
  • 319
    • 0028818193 scopus 로고
    • Similar antigenic surfaces, rather than sequence homology, dictate T-cell epitope molecular mimicry
    • Quaratino S, Thorpe CJ, Travers PJ, Londei M 1995 Similar antigenic surfaces, rather than sequence homology, dictate T-cell epitope molecular mimicry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10398-10402
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 10398-10402
    • Quaratino, S.1    Thorpe, C.J.2    Travers, P.J.3    Londei, M.4
  • 320
    • 0026664422 scopus 로고
    • Spreading of T-cell autoimmunity to cryptic determinants of an autoantigen
    • Lehmann PV, Forsthuber T, Miller A, Sercarz EE 1992 Spreading of T-cell autoimmunity to cryptic determinants of an autoantigen. Nature 358:155-157
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 155-157
    • Lehmann, P.V.1    Forsthuber, T.2    Miller, A.3    Sercarz, E.E.4
  • 321
    • 0001755304 scopus 로고
    • Studies on organ specificity. V. Changes in the thyroid glands of rabbits following active immunization with rabbit thyroid extracts
    • Rose NR, Witebsky E 1956 Studies on organ specificity. V. Changes in the thyroid glands of rabbits following active immunization with rabbit thyroid extracts. J Immunol 76:417-427
    • (1956) J Immunol , vol.76 , pp. 417-427
    • Rose, N.R.1    Witebsky, E.2
  • 322
    • 0029591712 scopus 로고
    • The autoimmune response induced by immunising female mice with recombinant human thyrotropin receptor varies with the genetic background
    • Costagliola S, Many MC, Stalmans-Falys M, Vassart G, Ludgate M 1995 The autoimmune response induced by immunising female mice with recombinant human thyrotropin receptor varies with the genetic background. Mol Cell Endocrinol 115:199-206
    • (1995) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.115 , pp. 199-206
    • Costagliola, S.1    Many, M.C.2    Stalmans-Falys, M.3    Vassart, G.4    Ludgate, M.5
  • 323
    • 84995846099 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin (TSH) interacts with multiple discrete regions of the TSH receptor: Polyclonal rabbit antibodies to one or more of these regions can inhibit TSH binding and function
    • Dallas JS, Desai RK, Cunningham SJ, Morris JC, Seetharamaiah GS, Wagle N, Goldblum RM, Prabhakar BS 1994 Thyrotropin (TSH) interacts with multiple discrete regions of the TSH receptor: polyclonal rabbit antibodies to one or more of these regions can inhibit TSH binding and function. Endocrinology 134:1437-1445
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.134 , pp. 1437-1445
    • Dallas, J.S.1    Desai, R.K.2    Cunningham, S.J.3    Morris, J.C.4    Seetharamaiah, G.S.5    Wagle, N.6    Goldblum, R.M.7    Prabhakar, B.S.8
  • 324
    • 0028913483 scopus 로고
    • Unaltered thyroid function in mice responding to a highly immunogenic thyrotropin receptor: Implications for the establishment of a mouse model for Graves' disease
    • Carayanniotis G, Huang GC, Nicholson LB, Scott T, Allain P, McGregor AM, Banga JP 1995 Unaltered thyroid function in mice responding to a highly immunogenic thyrotropin receptor: implications for the establishment of a mouse model for Graves' disease. Clin Exp Immunol 99:294-302
    • (1995) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.99 , pp. 294-302
    • Carayanniotis, G.1    Huang, G.C.2    Nicholson, L.B.3    Scott, T.4    Allain, P.5    McGregor, A.M.6    Banga, J.P.7
  • 325
    • 0028984604 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin receptor-specific antibodies in BALB/cJ mice with experimental hyperthyroxinemia show a restricted binding specificity and belong to the immunoglobulin G1 subclass
    • Wagle NM, Patibandla SA, Dallas JS, Morris JC, Prabhakar BS 1995 Thyrotropin receptor-specific antibodies in BALB/cJ mice with experimental hyperthyroxinemia show a restricted binding specificity and belong to the immunoglobulin G1 subclass. Endocrinology 136:3461-3469
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 3461-3469
    • Wagle, N.M.1    Patibandla, S.A.2    Dallas, J.S.3    Morris, J.C.4    Prabhakar, B.S.5
  • 327
    • 0028908444 scopus 로고
    • Production of thyroid-stimulating antibodies in mice by immunization with T-cell epitopes of human thyrotropin receptor
    • Hidaka Y, Guimaraes V, Soliman M, Yanagawa T, Okamoto Y, Quintans J, DeGroot LJ 1995 Production of thyroid-stimulating antibodies in mice by immunization with T-cell epitopes of human thyrotropin receptor. Endocrinology 136:1642-1647
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 1642-1647
    • Hidaka, Y.1    Guimaraes, V.2    Soliman, M.3    Yanagawa, T.4    Okamoto, Y.5    Quintans, J.6    DeGroot, L.J.7
  • 328
    • 0028300681 scopus 로고
    • Induction of thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) autoantibodies and thyroiditis in mice immunised with the recombinant TSH-R
    • Costagliola S, Alcalde L, Tonacchera M, Ruf J, Vassart G, Ludgate M 1994 Induction of thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) autoantibodies and thyroiditis in mice immunised with the recombinant TSH-R. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 199:1027-1034
    • (1994) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.199 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Costagliola, S.1    Alcalde, L.2    Tonacchera, M.3    Ruf, J.4    Vassart, G.5    Ludgate, M.6
  • 329
    • 0001818472 scopus 로고
    • The mouse model of autoimmune thyroid disease
    • McGregor AM (ed) MTP Press Ltd, Lancaster, UK
    • Kong YM 1986 The mouse model of autoimmune thyroid disease. In: McGregor AM (ed) Immunology and Medicine. MTP Press Ltd, Lancaster, UK, pp 1-24
    • (1986) Immunology and Medicine , pp. 1-24
    • Kong, Y.M.1
  • 330
    • 0025309644 scopus 로고
    • Experimental murine thyroiditis induced by porcine thyroid peroxidase and its transfer by the antigen-specific T cell line
    • Kotani T, Umeki K, Hirai K, Ohtaki S 1990 Experimental murine thyroiditis induced by porcine thyroid peroxidase and its transfer by the antigen-specific T cell line. Clin Exp Immunol 80:11-18
    • (1990) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.80 , pp. 11-18
    • Kotani, T.1    Umeki, K.2    Hirai, K.3    Ohtaki, S.4
  • 331
    • 0030951081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential reactivities of recombinant glycosylated ectodomains of mouse and human thyrotropin receptors with patient autoantibodies
    • Patibandla SA, Gattadahalli S, Seetharamaiah GS, Thotakura NR, Peake RL, Prabhakar BS 1997 Differential reactivities of recombinant glycosylated ectodomains of mouse and human thyrotropin receptors with patient autoantibodies. Endocrinology 138: 1559-1566
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 1559-1566
    • Patibandla, S.A.1    Gattadahalli, S.2    Seetharamaiah, G.S.3    Thotakura, N.R.4    Peake, R.L.5    Prabhakar, B.S.6
  • 332
    • 0026579897 scopus 로고
    • Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response
    • Tang D, DeVit M, Johnston SA 1992 Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response. Nature 356:152-154
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 152-154
    • Tang, D.1    DeVit, M.2    Johnston, S.A.3
  • 333
    • 0027190398 scopus 로고
    • The severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse as a model for the study of autoimmune diseases
    • Vladutiu AO 1993 The severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse as a model for the study of autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 93:1-8
    • (1993) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.93 , pp. 1-8
    • Vladutiu, A.O.1
  • 336
    • 0026439432 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of long-term human thyroid peroxidase autoantibody secretion in seid mice transplanted with lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
    • Martin A, Kimura H, Thung S, Fong P, Shultz LD, Davies TF 1992 Characteristics of long-term human thyroid peroxidase autoantibody secretion in seid mice transplanted with lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 98:317-323
    • (1992) Int Arch Allergy Immunol , vol.98 , pp. 317-323
    • Martin, A.1    Kimura, H.2    Thung, S.3    Fong, P.4    Shultz, L.D.5    Davies, T.F.6
  • 337
    • 0027390228 scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient mice with intrathyroidal lymphocytes of thyroid xenografts from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
    • Akasu F, Morita T, Resetkova E, Miller N, Akasu R, Jamieson C, Volpe R 1993 Reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient mice with intrathyroidal lymphocytes of thyroid xenografts from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76:223-230
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.76 , pp. 223-230
    • Akasu, F.1    Morita, T.2    Resetkova, E.3    Miller, N.4    Akasu, R.5    Jamieson, C.6    Volpe, R.7
  • 339
    • 0026082987 scopus 로고
    • Limited B cell repertoire in severe combined immunodeficient mice engrafted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from immunodeficient or normal humans
    • Saxon A, Macy E, Denis K, Tary-Lehmann M, Witte O, Braun J 1991 Limited B cell repertoire in severe combined immunodeficient mice engrafted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from immunodeficient or normal humans. J Clin Invest 87:658-665
    • (1991) J Clin Invest , vol.87 , pp. 658-665
    • Saxon, A.1    Macy, E.2    Denis, K.3    Tary-Lehmann, M.4    Witte, O.5    Braun, J.6
  • 341
    • 0031051339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous xenotransplantation of human Graves' thyroid tissue and autologous bone marrow cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice: Successful reconstitution of human Graves' hyperthyroidism
    • Yoshikawa N, Nishikawa M, Mori S, Tokoro T, Yamamoto Y, Ikehara S, Kumazawa H, Yamashita T, Inada M 1997 Simultaneous xenotransplantation of human Graves' thyroid tissue and autologous bone marrow cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice: successful reconstitution of human Graves' hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 136:213-222
    • (1997) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.136 , pp. 213-222
    • Yoshikawa, N.1    Nishikawa, M.2    Mori, S.3    Tokoro, T.4    Yamamoto, Y.5    Ikehara, S.6    Kumazawa, H.7    Yamashita, T.8    Inada, M.9
  • 342
    • 0028991812 scopus 로고
    • Homing of 51Cr-labeled human peripheral lymphocytes to Graves' thyroid tissue xenografted into SCID mice
    • Resetkova E, Nishikawa M, Mukuta T, Arreaza G, Fornasier VL, Volpe R 1995 Homing of 51Cr-labeled human peripheral lymphocytes to Graves' thyroid tissue xenografted into SCID mice. Thyroid 4:293-298
    • (1995) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 293-298
    • Resetkova, E.1    Nishikawa, M.2    Mukuta, T.3    Arreaza, G.4    Fornasier, V.L.5    Volpe, R.6
  • 343
    • 0029909117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of adding a surfeit of autologous CD8+ T cells to SCID mice after secondary re-xenografts of Graves' thyroid tissue
    • Mukuta T, Nishikawa M, Arreaza G, Resetkova E, Yoshikawa N, Fornasier VL, Young E, Volpe R 1996 The effect of adding a surfeit of autologous CD8+ T cells to SCID mice after secondary re-xenografts of Graves' thyroid tissue. Thyroid 6:429-436
    • (1996) Thyroid , vol.6 , pp. 429-436
    • Mukuta, T.1    Nishikawa, M.2    Arreaza, G.3    Resetkova, E.4    Yoshikawa, N.5    Fornasier, V.L.6    Young, E.7    Volpe, R.8
  • 344
    • 0027305679 scopus 로고
    • Preservation of functioning human thyroid organoids in the scid mouse: II. Biased use of intrathyroidal T cell receptor V genes
    • Matsuoka N, Martin A, Concepcion ES, Unger P, Shultz LD, Davies TF 1993 Preservation of functioning human thyroid organoids in the scid mouse: II. Biased use of intrathyroidal T cell receptor V genes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:311-315
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 311-315
    • Matsuoka, N.1    Martin, A.2    Concepcion, E.S.3    Unger, P.4    Shultz, L.D.5    Davies, T.F.6
  • 345
    • 0029097929 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced cAMP accumulation by the human thyrotropin receptor variant with the Pro52Thr substitution in the extracellular domain
    • Loos U, Hagner S, Bohr URM, Bogatkewitsch GS, Jakobs KH, Van Koppen CJ 1995 Enhanced cAMP accumulation by the human thyrotropin receptor variant with the Pro52Thr substitution in the extracellular domain. Eur J Biochem 232:62-65
    • (1995) Eur J Biochem , vol.232 , pp. 62-65
    • Loos, U.1    Hagner, S.2    Bohr, U.R.M.3    Bogatkewitsch, G.S.4    Jakobs, K.H.5    Van Koppen, C.J.6
  • 348
    • 0028888593 scopus 로고
    • Brief report: Resistance to thyrotropin caused by mutations in the thyrotropin-receptor gene
    • Sunthornthepvarakul T, Gottschalk ME, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S 1995 Brief report: resistance to thyrotropin caused by mutations in the thyrotropin-receptor gene. N Engl J Med 332:155-160
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 155-160
    • Sunthornthepvarakul, T.1    Gottschalk, M.E.2    Hayashi, Y.3    Refetoff, S.4
  • 349
    • 0030983833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the human thyrotropin receptor gene causing thyroid hypoplasia and persistent congenital hypothyroidism
    • Biebermann H, Schoneberg T, Krude H, Schultz G, Guderman T, Gruters A 1997 Mutations of the human thyrotropin receptor gene causing thyroid hypoplasia and persistent congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3471-3480
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 3471-3480
    • Biebermann, H.1    Schoneberg, T.2    Krude, H.3    Schultz, G.4    Guderman, T.5    Gruters, A.6
  • 350
    • 0027772443 scopus 로고
    • A heritable point mutation in an extracellular domain of the TSH receptor involved in the interaction with Graves' immunoglobulins
    • Bohr URM, Behr M, Loos U 1993 A heritable point mutation in an extracellular domain of the TSH receptor involved in the interaction with Graves' immunoglobulins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1216: 504-508
    • (1993) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1216 , pp. 504-508
    • Bohr, U.R.M.1    Behr, M.2    Loos, U.3
  • 351
    • 0028088933 scopus 로고
    • A genomic point mutation in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Bahn RS, Dutton CM, Heufelder AE, Sarkar G 1994 A genomic point mutation in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:256-260
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , pp. 256-260
    • Bahn, R.S.1    Dutton, C.M.2    Heufelder, A.E.3    Sarkar, G.4
  • 352
    • 0029062430 scopus 로고
    • A polymorphism in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor is highly associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in females
    • Cuddihy RM, Dutton CM, Bahn RS 1995 A polymorphism in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor is highly associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in females. Thyroid 5:89-95
    • (1995) Thyroid , vol.5 , pp. 89-95
    • Cuddihy, R.M.1    Dutton, C.M.2    Bahn, R.S.3
  • 353
    • 0028275399 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of a variant human thyrotropin receptor (hTSHR) gene
    • Sunthornthepvarakul T, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S 1994 Polymorphism of a variant human thyrotropin receptor (hTSHR) gene. Thyroid 4:147-149
    • (1994) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 147-149
    • Sunthornthepvarakul, T.1    Hayashi, Y.2    Refetoff, S.3
  • 354
    • 0030952262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No association between a thyrotropin receptor gene polymorphism and Graves' disease in the female population
    • Kotsa KD, Watson PF, Weetman AP 1997 No association between a thyrotropin receptor gene polymorphism and Graves' disease in the female population. Thyroid 7:31-33
    • (1997) Thyroid , vol.7 , pp. 31-33
    • Kotsa, K.D.1    Watson, P.F.2    Weetman, A.P.3
  • 355
  • 356
    • 0017424509 scopus 로고
    • Concepts in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease
    • Stollerman GH (ed) Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc, Chicago
    • Solomon DH and Kleeman KE 1976 Concepts in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. In: Stollerman GH (ed) Advances in Internal Medicine. Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc, Chicago, pp 273-299
    • (1976) Advances in Internal Medicine , pp. 273-299
    • Solomon, D.H.1    Kleeman, K.E.2
  • 358
    • 0015369972 scopus 로고
    • 3H-labeled exophthalmogenic factor by plasma membranes of retro-orbital tissue
    • 3H-labeled exophthalmogenic factor by plasma membranes of retro-orbital tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:1711-1715
    • (1972) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.69 , pp. 1711-1715
    • Winand, R.J.1    Kohn, L.D.2
  • 359
    • 0016796511 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in retro-orbital tissue membranes by thyrotropin and an exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin
    • Winand RJ, Kohn LD 1975 Stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in retro-orbital tissue membranes by thyrotropin and an exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin. J Biol Chem 250:6522-6526
    • (1975) J Biol Chem , vol.250 , pp. 6522-6526
    • Winand, R.J.1    Kohn, L.D.2
  • 360
    • 0016752508 scopus 로고
    • Experimental exophthalmos. Binding of thyrotropin and an exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin to retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes
    • Bolonkin D, Tate RL, Luber JH, Kohn LD, Winand RJ 1975 Experimental exophthalmos. Binding of thyrotropin and an exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin to retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes. J Biol Chem 250:6516-6521
    • (1975) J Biol Chem , vol.250 , pp. 6516-6521
    • Bolonkin, D.1    Tate, R.L.2    Luber, J.H.3    Kohn, L.D.4    Winand, R.J.5
  • 361
    • 0027749580 scopus 로고
    • Graves' ophthalmopathy: Current concepts regarding pathogenesis and management
    • Burch HB, Wartofsky L 1993 Graves' ophthalmopathy: current concepts regarding pathogenesis and management. Endocr Rev 14:747-793
    • (1993) Endocr Rev , vol.14 , pp. 747-793
    • Burch, H.B.1    Wartofsky, L.2
  • 364
    • 0027722302 scopus 로고
    • Detection of TSH receptor RNA in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and pretibial dermopathy
    • Heufelder AE, Dutton CM, Sarkar G, Donovan KA, Bahn RS 1993 Detection of TSH receptor RNA in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and pretibial dermopathy. Thyroid 3:297-300
    • (1993) Thyroid , vol.3 , pp. 297-300
    • Heufelder, A.E.1    Dutton, C.M.2    Sarkar, G.3    Donovan, K.A.4    Bahn, R.S.5
  • 365
    • 0027230994 scopus 로고
    • Lack of evidence supporting the presence of mRNA for the thyrotropin receptor in extra-ocular muscle
    • Paschke R, Elisei R, Vassart G, Ludgate M 1993 Lack of evidence supporting the presence of mRNA for the thyrotropin receptor in extra-ocular muscle. J Endocrinol Invest 16:329-332
    • (1993) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.16 , pp. 329-332
    • Paschke, R.1    Elisei, R.2    Vassart, G.3    Ludgate, M.4
  • 366
    • 0026695978 scopus 로고
    • TSH binding site structures in human eye muscle fractions identified by using covalent-crosslinking
    • Molnar I, Balazs C 1992 TSH binding site structures in human eye muscle fractions identified by using covalent-crosslinking. Biomed Pharmacother 46:121-125
    • (1992) Biomed Pharmacother , vol.46 , pp. 121-125
    • Molnar, I.1    Balazs, C.2
  • 367
    • 0026469859 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the presence of a functional TSH-receptor in retroocular fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Heufelder AE, Bahn RS 1992 Evidence for the presence of a functional TSH-receptor in retroocular fibroblasts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol 100:62-67
    • (1992) Exp Clin Endocrinol , vol.100 , pp. 62-67
    • Heufelder, A.E.1    Bahn, R.S.2
  • 368
    • 0028672713 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of thyrotropin binding sites in orbital connective tissue: Possible role in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
    • Perros P, Kendall-Taylor P 1994 Demonstration of thyrotropin binding sites in orbital connective tissue: possible role in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 17:163-170
    • (1994) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.17 , pp. 163-170
    • Perros, P.1    Kendall-Taylor, P.2
  • 369
    • 0029744738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of retroorbital tissue xenografts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice: Detection of thyroid-stimulating antibody
    • Mori S, Yoshikawa N, Tokoro T, Ikehara S, Inoue Y, Nishikawa M, Inada M 1996 Studies of retroorbital tissue xenografts from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice: detection of thyroid-stimulating antibody. Thyroid 6:275-281
    • (1996) Thyroid , vol.6 , pp. 275-281
    • Mori, S.1    Yoshikawa, N.2    Tokoro, T.3    Ikehara, S.4    Inoue, Y.5    Nishikawa, M.6    Inada, M.7
  • 370
    • 0029043917 scopus 로고
    • Current evidence for and against the TSH receptor being the common antigen in Graves' disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy
    • Oxf
    • Paschke R, Vassart G, Ludgate M 1995 Current evidence for and against the TSH receptor being the common antigen in Graves' disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 42:565-569
    • (1995) Clin Endocrinol , vol.42 , pp. 565-569
    • Paschke, R.1    Vassart, G.2    Ludgate, M.3
  • 371
    • 0027962357 scopus 로고
    • Editorial: The thyrotropin receptors spread themselves around
    • Davies TF 1994 Editorial: The thyrotropin receptors spread themselves around. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:1232-1233
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 1232-1233
    • Davies, T.F.1
  • 374
    • 0022658281 scopus 로고
    • Exophthalmos caused by excessive fat: CT volumetric analysis and differential diagnosis
    • Peyster RG, Ginsburg F, Silber JH, Adler LP 1986 Exophthalmos caused by excessive fat: CT volumetric analysis and differential diagnosis. Am J Neuroradiol 7:35-40
    • (1986) Am J Neuroradiol , vol.7 , pp. 35-40
    • Peyster, R.G.1    Ginsburg, F.2    Silber, J.H.3    Adler, L.P.4
  • 375
    • 0016828192 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of thyrotrophin receptors in membranes prepared from fat and thyroid tissue
    • Teng CS, Rees Smith B, Anderson J, Hall R 1975 Comparison of thyrotrophin receptors in membranes prepared from fat and thyroid tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 66:836-840
    • (1975) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.66 , pp. 836-840
    • Teng, C.S.1    Rees Smith, B.2    Anderson, J.3    Hall, R.4
  • 377
    • 0023541516 scopus 로고
    • Stabilization, partial purification, and characterization of thyrotropin receptors in solubilized guinea pig fat cell membranes
    • Iida Y, Amir SM, Ingbar SH 1987 Stabilization, partial purification, and characterization of thyrotropin receptors in solubilized guinea pig fat cell membranes. Endocrinology 121:1627-1636
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.121 , pp. 1627-1636
    • Iida, Y.1    Amir, S.M.2    Ingbar, S.H.3
  • 378
    • 84886617383 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin interactions with human fat cell membrane preparations and the finding of a soluble thyrotropin binding component
    • Mullin BR, Lee G, Ledley FD, Winand RJ, Kohn LD 1976 Thyrotropin interactions with human fat cell membrane preparations and the finding of a soluble thyrotropin binding component. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 69:55-62
    • (1976) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.69 , pp. 55-62
    • Mullin, B.R.1    Lee, G.2    Ledley, F.D.3    Winand, R.J.4    Kohn, L.D.5
  • 379
    • 0028955335 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and functional expression of a thyrotropin receptor cDNA from rat fat cells
    • Endo T, Ohta K, Haraguchi K, Onaya T 1995 Cloning and functional expression of a thyrotropin receptor cDNA from rat fat cells. J Biol Chem 270:10833-10837
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 10833-10837
    • Endo, T.1    Ohta, K.2    Haraguchi, K.3    Onaya, T.4
  • 380
    • 0026560305 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in most brown and white adipose tissues in the guinea pig
    • Roselli-Rehfuss L, Robbins LS, Cone RD 1992 Thyrotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in most brown and white adipose tissues in the guinea pig. Endocrinology 130:1857-1861
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.130 , pp. 1857-1861
    • Roselli-Rehfuss, L.1    Robbins, L.S.2    Cone, R.D.3
  • 382
    • 0024260046 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of lipolysis during the neonatal period. Importance of thyrotropin
    • Marcus C, Ehren H, Bolme P, Arner P 1988 Regulation of lipolysis during the neonatal period. Importance of thyrotropin. J Clin Invest 82:1793-1797
    • (1988) J Clin Invest , vol.82 , pp. 1793-1797
    • Marcus, C.1    Ehren, H.2    Bolme, P.3    Arner, P.4
  • 384
    • 0029894750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional expression of thyrotropin receptor in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells: A possible model cell line of extrathyroidal expression of thyrotropin receptor
    • Haraguchi K, Shimura H, Lin L, Saito T, Endo T, Onaya T 1996 Functional expression of thyrotropin receptor in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells: a possible model cell line of extrathyroidal expression of thyrotropin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 223:193-198
    • (1996) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.223 , pp. 193-198
    • Haraguchi, K.1    Shimura, H.2    Lin, L.3    Saito, T.4    Endo, T.5    Onaya, T.6
  • 385
    • 0029896180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of rat preadipocytes is accompanied by expression of thyrotropin receptors
    • Haraguchi K, Shimura H, Lin L, Endo T, Onaya T 1996 Differentiation of rat preadipocytes is accompanied by expression of thyrotropin receptors. Endocrinology 137:3200-3205
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 3200-3205
    • Haraguchi, K.1    Shimura, H.2    Lin, L.3    Endo, T.4    Onaya, T.5
  • 387
    • 0031764515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin receptor expression in Graves' orbital adipose/ connective tissue: Potential autoantigen in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Bahn RS, Dutton CM, Natt N, Joba W, Spitzweg C, Heufelder AE 1998 Thyrotropin receptor expression in Graves' orbital adipose/ connective tissue: potential autoantigen in Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:998-1002
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 998-1002
    • Bahn, R.S.1    Dutton, C.M.2    Natt, N.3    Joba, W.4    Spitzweg, C.5    Heufelder, A.E.6
  • 388
    • 0030833751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of human thyrotropin receptor gene expression and immunoreactivity in human orbital tissue
    • Spitzweg C, Joba W, Hunt N, Heufelder AE 1997 Analysis of human thyrotropin receptor gene expression and immunoreactivity in human orbital tissue. Eur J Endocrinol 136:599-607
    • (1997) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.136 , pp. 599-607
    • Spitzweg, C.1    Joba, W.2    Hunt, N.3    Heufelder, A.E.4
  • 389
    • 0025782892 scopus 로고
    • Localization and synthesis of the hormone-binding regions of the human thyrotropin receptor
    • Atassi MZ, Manshouri T, Sakata S 1991 Localization and synthesis of the hormone-binding regions of the human thyrotropin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:3613-3617
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 3613-3617
    • Atassi, M.Z.1    Manshouri, T.2    Sakata, S.3
  • 390
    • 0026357029 scopus 로고
    • Role of N-terminal region of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor in signal transduction for TSH or thyroid stimulating antibody
    • Ohmori M, Endo T, Ikeda M, Onaya T 1991 Role of N-terminal region of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor in signal transduction for TSH or thyroid stimulating antibody. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178:733-738
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.178 , pp. 733-738
    • Ohmori, M.1    Endo, T.2    Ikeda, M.3    Onaya, T.4
  • 391
    • 0029093756 scopus 로고
    • Defining the major antibody epitopes on the human thyrotropin receptor in immunized mice: Evidence for intramolecular epitope spreading
    • Vlase H, Nakashima M, Graves PN, Tomer Y, Morris JC, Davies TF 1995 Defining the major antibody epitopes on the human thyrotropin receptor in immunized mice: evidence for intramolecular epitope spreading. Endocrinology 136:4415-4423
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 4415-4423
    • Vlase, H.1    Nakashima, M.2    Graves, P.N.3    Tomer, Y.4    Morris, J.C.5    Davies, T.F.6
  • 392
    • 0027439712 scopus 로고
    • Immunodectection of TSH receptor antibodies in sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
    • Copenh
    • Ikeda M, Ohmori M, Endo T, Onaya T 1993 Immunodectection of TSH receptor antibodies in sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 128:126-130
    • (1993) Acta Endocrinol , vol.128 , pp. 126-130
    • Ikeda, M.1    Ohmori, M.2    Endo, T.3    Onaya, T.4
  • 393
    • 0028788720 scopus 로고
    • Presence of heterogeneous thyroid-stimulating antibodies in sera from individual Graves' patients as shown by synthesized thyrotropin receptor peptide application: Evidence showing two independent epitopes and a possible recognition of two epitopic regions by one antibody molecule
    • Sugawa H, Akamizu T, Kosugi S, Ueda Y, Ohta C, Okuda J, Mori T 1995 Presence of heterogeneous thyroid-stimulating antibodies in sera from individual Graves' patients as shown by synthesized thyrotropin receptor peptide application: evidence showing two independent epitopes and a possible recognition of two epitopic regions by one antibody molecule. Eur J Endocrinol 133:283-293
    • (1995) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.133 , pp. 283-293
    • Sugawa, H.1    Akamizu, T.2    Kosugi, S.3    Ueda, Y.4    Ohta, C.5    Okuda, J.6    Mori, T.7
  • 394
    • 0025131604 scopus 로고
    • Identification of immunogenic regions in human thyrotropin receptor for immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease
    • Murakami M, Mori M 1990 Identification of immunogenic regions in human thyrotropin receptor for immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 171:512-518
    • (1990) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.171 , pp. 512-518
    • Murakami, M.1    Mori, M.2
  • 395
    • 0025131833 scopus 로고
    • Possible binding site of thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) on the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor, which is different from TSH binding site
    • Piraphatdist T, Sugawa H, Inoue D, Enomoto T, Mori T, Imura H 1990 Possible binding site of thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) on the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor, which is different from TSH binding site. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 172:529-536
    • (1990) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.172 , pp. 529-536
    • Piraphatdist, T.1    Sugawa, H.2    Inoue, D.3    Enomoto, T.4    Mori, T.5    Imura, H.6
  • 397
    • 0025744123 scopus 로고
    • A synthetic oligopeptide derived from human thyrotropin receptor sequence binds to Graves' immunoglobulin and inhibits thyroid stimulating antibody activity but lacks interactions with TSH
    • Mori T, Sugawa H, Piraphatdist T, Inoue D, Enomoto T, Imura H 1991 A synthetic oligopeptide derived from human thyrotropin receptor sequence binds to Graves' immunoglobulin and inhibits thyroid stimulating antibody activity but lacks interactions with TSH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178:165-172
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.178 , pp. 165-172
    • Mori, T.1    Sugawa, H.2    Piraphatdist, T.3    Inoue, D.4    Enomoto, T.5    Imura, H.6
  • 398
    • 0028961403 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid-stimulating antibodies in sera from patients with Graves' disease are heterogeneous in epitope recognition
    • Ueda Y, Sugawa H, Akamizu T, Okuda J, Ueda M, Kosugi S, Ohta C, Kihou Y, Mori T 1995 Thyroid-stimulating antibodies in sera from patients with Graves' disease are heterogeneous in epitope recognition. Eur J Endocrinol 132:62-68
    • (1995) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.132 , pp. 62-68
    • Ueda, Y.1    Sugawa, H.2    Akamizu, T.3    Okuda, J.4    Ueda, M.5    Kosugi, S.6    Ohta, C.7    Kihou, Y.8    Mori, T.9
  • 399
    • 0028044013 scopus 로고
    • Induction of autoimmunity by immunization of mice with human thyrotropin receptor
    • Marion S, Braun JM, Ropars A, Kohn L, Charreire J 1994 Induction of autoimmunity by immunization of mice with human thyrotropin receptor. Cell Immunol 158:329-341
    • (1994) Cell Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 329-341
    • Marion, S.1    Braun, J.M.2    Ropars, A.3    Kohn, L.4    Charreire, J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.