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2), d is the linewidth (d = 60 nm), v is the tip scan speed during lithography (v is about 1 μm/s), q is the electron charge. The estimation gives I = 0.1 pA, value which is lower than the sensitivity of our I(V) instrumentation. This result is quite consistent with the value of the value of 0.05 pA measured at the very first stage of oxide formation (Ref. 18).
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