메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 991-1011

Saxitoxin and Analogs: Ecobiology, Origin, Chemistry, and Detection

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85135669820     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/b16662-34     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (8)

References (136)
  • 1
    • 84856102785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The globally distributed genus Alexandrium: Multifaceted roles in marine ecosystems and impacts on human health
    • Anderson, D.M., Alpermann, T.J., Cembella, A.D., Collos, Y., Masseret, E., and Montresor, M., 2012. The globally distributed genus Alexandrium: Multifaceted roles in marine ecosystems and impacts on human health. Harmful Algae, 14, 10-35.
    • (2012) Harmful Algae , vol.14 , pp. 10-35
    • Anderson, D.M.1    Alpermann, T.J.2    Cembella, A.D.3    Collos, Y.4    Masseret, E.5    Montresor, M.6
  • 2
    • 84986760537 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular localization of saxitoxins in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis
    • Anderson, D.M. and Cheng, T.P.-O., 1988. Intracellular localization of saxitoxins in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis. J. Phycol., 24, 17-22.
    • (1988) J. Phycol , vol.24 , pp. 17-22
    • Anderson, D.M.1    Cheng, T.P.-O.2
  • 3
    • 10044245188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of voltage-gated sodium channels: Were algal toxins involved?
    • Anderson, P.A.V., Roberts-Misterly, J., and Greenberg, R.M., 2004. The evolution of voltage-gated sodium channels: Were algal toxins involved? Harmful Algae, 4(1), 95-107.
    • (2004) Harmful Algae , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-107
    • Anderson, P.A.V.1    Roberts-Misterly, J.2    Greenberg, R.M.3
  • 4
    • 0008211607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission Decision 96/77/EC of 18 January 1996 establishing the conditions for the harvesting and processing of certain bivalve molluscs coming from areas where the paralytic shellfish poison level exceeds the limit laid down by Council Directive 91/492/EEC
    • Anon, 1996. Commission Decision 96/77/EC of 18 January 1996 establishing the conditions for the harvesting and processing of certain bivalve molluscs coming from areas where the paralytic shellfish poison level exceeds the limit laid down by Council Directive 91/492/EEC. Off. J. Eur. Commun., L15, 46-47.
    • (1996) Off. J. Eur. Commun , vol.L15 , pp. 46-47
  • 5
    • 84866693338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AOAC official method 959.08. Paralytic Shellfish Poison. Biological method. Final action
    • Truckses, M.W. (Ed.), 18th edn. AOAC Official Methods for Analysis AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, Chapter 49
    • Anon, 2005a. AOAC official method 959.08. Paralytic Shellfish Poison. Biological method. Final action. In: Truckses, M.W. (Ed.), Natural Toxins, 18th edn. AOAC Official Methods for Analysis AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, pp. 79-80 (Chapter 49).
    • (2005) Natural Toxins , pp. 79-80
  • 8
    • 34447514282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiles of PSP toxins in shellfish from Portugal explained by carbamoylase activity
    • Artigas, M.L., Vale, P., Gomes, S.S., Botelho, M.J., Rodrigues, S.M., and Amorim, A., 2007. Profiles of PSP toxins in shellfish from Portugal explained by carbamoylase activity. J. Chromatogr. A, 1160(1-2), 99-105.
    • (2007) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1160 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 99-105
    • Artigas, M.L.1    Vale, P.2    Gomes, S.S.3    Botelho, M.J.4    Rodrigues, S.M.5    Amorim, A.6
  • 9
    • 0032425327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zinc accumulation in oysters giving mouse deaths in paralytic shellfish poisoning bioassay
    • Aune, T., Ramstad, H., Heinenreich, B., Landsverk, T., Waaler, T., Eggas, E., and Julshamn, K., 1998. Zinc accumulation in oysters giving mouse deaths in paralytic shellfish poisoning bioassay. J. Shell Res., 17(4), 1243-1246.
    • (1998) J. Shell Res , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 1243-1246
    • Aune, T.1    Ramstad, H.2    Heinenreich, B.3    Landsverk, T.4    Waaler, T.5    Eggas, E.6    Julshamn, K.7
  • 10
    • 0037356998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GTX4 imposters: Characterization of fluorescent compounds synthesized by Pseudomonas stutzeri SF/PS and Pseudomonas/Alteromonas PTB-1, symbionts of saxitoxin-producing Alexandrium spp
    • Baker, T.R., Doucette, G.J., Powell, C.L., Boyer, G.L., and Plumley, F.G., 2003. GTX4 imposters: Characterization of fluorescent compounds synthesized by Pseudomonas stutzeri SF/PS and Pseudomonas/Alteromonas PTB-1, symbionts of saxitoxin-producing Alexandrium spp. Toxicon, 41(3), 339-347.
    • (2003) Toxicon , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-347
    • Baker, T.R.1    Doucette, G.J.2    Powell, C.L.3    Boyer, G.L.4    Plumley, F.G.5
  • 11
    • 0016475333 scopus 로고
    • Chemical assay for saxitoxin, the paralytic shellfish poison
    • Bates, H.A. and Rapoport, H., 1975. Chemical assay for saxitoxin, the paralytic shellfish poison. J. Agric. Food Chem., 23(2), 237-239.
    • (1975) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-239
    • Bates, H.A.1    Rapoport, H.2
  • 12
    • 33846005878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the sample toxic profile on the suitability of a high performance liquid chromatography method for official paralytic shellfish toxins control
    • Ben-Gigirey, B., Rodríguez-Velasco, M.L., Villar-González, A., and Botana, L.M., 2007. Influence of the sample toxic profile on the suitability of a high performance liquid chromatography method for official paralytic shellfish toxins control. J. Chromatogr. A, 1140(1-2), 78-87.
    • (2007) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1140 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 78-87
    • Ben-Gigirey, B.1    Rodríguez-Velasco, M.L.2    Villar-González, A.3    Botana, L.M.4
  • 13
    • 83755161805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-saxitoxin
    • Bhonde V.R. and Looper, R.E., 2011. A stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-saxitoxin. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133(50), 20172-20174.
    • (2011) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.133 , Issue.50 , pp. 20172-20174
    • Bhonde, V.R.1    Looper, R.E.2
  • 14
    • 67649608903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on cryptic PSP toxicity depends on the extraction procedure
    • Moestrup, Ø. et al. (Eds.), ISSHA and IOC of UNESCO, Copenhagen, the Netherlands
    • Botelho, M.J., Gomes, S.S., Rodrigues, S.M., and Vale, P., 2008. Studies on cryptic PSP toxicity depends on the extraction procedure. In: Moestrup, Ø. et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae. ISSHA and IOC of UNESCO, Copenhagen, the Netherlands, pp. 338-340.
    • (2008) Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae , pp. 338-340
    • Botelho, M.J.1    Gomes, S.S.2    Rodrigues, S.M.3    Vale, P.4
  • 15
    • 0002380767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of PSP toxicity in Haliotis tuberculata from the Galician coast
    • Yasumoto, T., Oshima, Y., and Fukuyo, Y. (Eds.), IOC of UNESCO, Paris, France
    • Bravo, I., Cacho, E. Franco, J.M., Miguez, A., Reyero, M.I., and Martinez, A., 1996. Study of PSP toxicity in Haliotis tuberculata from the Galician coast. In: Yasumoto, T., Oshima, Y., and Fukuyo, Y. (Eds.), Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms. IOC of UNESCO, Paris, France, pp. 421-424.
    • (1996) Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms , pp. 421-424
    • Bravo, I.1    Cacho, E.2    Franco, J.M.3    Miguez, A.4    Reyero, M.I.5    Martinez, A.6
  • 16
    • 0035047179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytological study and immunohistochemical location of PSP toxins in foot skin of the ormer, Haliotis tuberculata, from the Galician coast (NW Spain)
    • Bravo, I., Franco, J.M., Alonso, A., Dietrich, R., and Molist, P., 2001. Cytological study and immunohistochemical location of PSP toxins in foot skin of the ormer, Haliotis tuberculata, from the Galician coast (NW Spain). Mar. Biol., 138, 709-715.
    • (2001) Mar. Biol , vol.138 , pp. 709-715
    • Bravo, I.1    Franco, J.M.2    Alonso, A.3    Dietrich, R.4    Molist, P.5
  • 17
    • 0032947197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish poisoning in Haliotis tuberculata from the Galician coast: Geographical distribution, toxicity by lengths and parts of the mollusc
    • Bravo, I., Reyero, M.I., Cacho, E., and Franco, J.M., 1999. Paralytic shellfish poisoning in Haliotis tuberculata from the Galician coast: Geographical distribution, toxicity by lengths and parts of the mollusc. Aquat. Toxicol., 46, 79-85.
    • (1999) Aquat. Toxicol , vol.46 , pp. 79-85
    • Bravo, I.1    Reyero, M.I.2    Cacho, E.3    Franco, J.M.4
  • 18
    • 0002627279 scopus 로고
    • Fate of gonyautoxins in surfclams, Spisula solidissima, grazing upon toxigenic Alexandrium
    • Lassus, P., Arzul, G., Erard, E., Gentien, P., and Marcaillou, C. (Eds.), Lavoisier Science Publishers, Paris, France
    • Bricelj, V.M. and Cembella, A.D., 1995. Fate of gonyautoxins in surfclams, Spisula solidissima, grazing upon toxigenic Alexandrium. In: Lassus, P., Arzul, G., Erard, E., Gentien, P., and Marcaillou, C. (Eds.), Harmful Marine Algal Blooms. Lavoisier Science Publishers, Paris, France, pp. 413-418.
    • (1995) Harmful Marine Algal Blooms , pp. 413-418
    • Bricelj, V.M.1    Cembella, A.D.2
  • 19
    • 0001252967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalve molluscs: Occurrence, transfer kinetics, and biotransformation
    • Bricelj, V.M. and Shumway, E., 1998. Paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalve molluscs: Occurrence, transfer kinetics, and biotransformation. Rev. Fish. Sci., 6, 315-383.
    • (1998) Rev. Fish. Sci , vol.6 , pp. 315-383
    • Bricelj, V.M.1    Shumway, E.2
  • 20
    • 0008172362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial processing of Acanthocardia tuberculatum L. naturally-contaminated with PSP: Evaluation after one year industrial experience
    • Reguera, B., Blanco, J., Fernández, M.L., and Wyatt, T. (Eds.), Xunta de Galicia and IOC of UNESCO, Spain
    • Burdaspal, P.A., Bustos, J., Legarda, T.M., Olmedo, J.B., Vigo, M., Gonzalez, L., and Berenguer, J.A. 1998. Commercial processing of Acanthocardia tuberculatum L. naturally-contaminated with PSP: Evaluation after one year industrial experience. In: Reguera, B., Blanco, J., Fernández, M.L., and Wyatt, T. (Eds.), Harmful Algae. Xunta de Galicia and IOC of UNESCO, Spain, pp. 241-244.
    • (1998) Harmful Algae , pp. 241-244
    • Burdaspal, P.A.1    Bustos, J.2    Legarda, T.M.3    Olmedo, J.B.4    Vigo, M.5    Gonzalez, L.6    Berenguer, J.A.7
  • 21
    • 79955020711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of benzoate-type toxins in Gymnodinium catenatum Graham isolated from the Mexican Pacific
    • Bustillos-Guzman, J., Vale, P., and Band-Schmidt, C., 2011. Presence of benzoate-type toxins in Gymnodinium catenatum Graham isolated from the Mexican Pacific. Toxicon, 57(6), 922-926.
    • (2011) Toxicon , vol.57 , Issue.6 , pp. 922-926
    • Bustillos-Guzman, J.1    Vale, P.2    Band-Schmidt, C.3
  • 22
    • 0028651891 scopus 로고
    • Development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the characterization of enzymatic products arising from the carbamoylase digestion of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins
    • Buzy, A., Thibault, P., and Laycock, M.V., 1994. Development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the characterization of enzymatic products arising from the carbamoylase digestion of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. J. Chromatogr. A, 688, 301-316.
    • (1994) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.688 , pp. 301-316
    • Buzy, A.1    Thibault, P.2    Laycock, M.V.3
  • 23
    • 70849135184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ELISA and SPR biosensor technology for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins
    • Campbell, K., Huet, A.-C., Charlier, C., Higgins, C., Delahaut, P., and Elliott, C.T., 2009. Comparison of ELISA and SPR biosensor technology for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. J. Chromatogr. B, 877(32), 4079-4089.
    • (2009) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.877 , Issue.32 , pp. 4079-4089
    • Campbell, K.1    Huet, A.-C.2    Charlier, C.3    Higgins, C.4    Delahaut, P.5    Elliott, C.T.6
  • 24
    • 79957970656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin binders for optical biosensor technology: Problems and possibilities for the future: A review
    • Campbell, K., Rawn, D.F.K., Niedzwiadek, B., and Elliott, C.T., 2011. Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin binders for optical biosensor technology: Problems and possibilities for the future: A review. Food Addit. Contam. Pt A, 28(6), 711-725.
    • (2011) Food Addit. Contam. Pt A , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 711-725
    • Campbell, K.1    Rawn, D.F.K.2    Niedzwiadek, B.3    Elliott, C.T.4
  • 25
    • 34547779882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of specific binding proteins suitable for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisons using optical biosensor technology
    • Campbell, K., Stewart, L.D., Fodey, T.L., Haughey, S.A., Doucette, G.J., Kawatsu, K., and Elliott, C.T., 2007. Assessment of specific binding proteins suitable for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisons using optical biosensor technology. Anal. Chem., 79, 5906-5914.
    • (2007) Anal. Chem , vol.79 , pp. 5906-5914
    • Campbell, K.1    Stewart, L.D.2    Fodey, T.L.3    Haughey, S.A.4    Doucette, G.J.5    Kawatsu, K.6    Elliott, C.T.7
  • 26
    • 53149090585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of paralytic shellfish toxin transforming enzyme, sulfocarbamoylase I, from Japanese bivalve
    • Cho, Y., Ogawa, N., Takahashi, M., Lin, H.-P., and Oshima, Y., 2008. Purification and characterization of paralytic shellfish toxin transforming enzyme, sulfocarbamoylase I, from Japanese bivalve, Peronidia venulosa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1784, 1277-1285.
    • (2008) Peronidia venulosa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1784 , pp. 1277-1285
    • Cho, Y.1    Ogawa, N.2    Takahashi, M.3    Lin, H.-P.4    Oshima, Y.5
  • 27
    • 0345530908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field depuration and biotransformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in scallop Chlamys nobilis and green-lipped mussel Perna viridis
    • Choi, M.C., Hsieh, D.P.H., Lam, P.K.S., and Wang, W.X., 2003. Field depuration and biotransformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in scallop Chlamys nobilis and green-lipped mussel Perna viridis. Mar. Biol., 143(5), 927-934.
    • (2003) Mar. Biol , vol.143 , Issue.5 , pp. 927-934
    • Choi, M.C.1    Hsieh, D.P.H.2    Lam, P.K.S.3    Wang, W.X.4
  • 28
    • 1642276948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variety of PSP toxins in four culture strains of Alexandrium minutum collected from southern Taiwan
    • Chou, H.N., Chen, Y.M., and Chen, C.Y., 2004. Variety of PSP toxins in four culture strains of Alexandrium minutum collected from southern Taiwan. Toxicon, 43, 337-340.
    • (2004) Toxicon , vol.43 , pp. 337-340
    • Chou, H.N.1    Chen, Y.M.2    Chen, C.Y.3
  • 29
    • 33749821093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of fitness for purpose of an insect bioassay using the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria L.) for the detection of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish flesh
    • Cook, A.C., Morris, S., Reese, R.A., and Irving, S.N., 2006. Assessment of fitness for purpose of an insect bioassay using the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria L.) for the detection of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish flesh. Toxicon, 48, 662-671.
    • (2006) Toxicon , vol.48 , pp. 662-671
    • Cook, A.C.1    Morris, S.2    Reese, R.A.3    Irving, S.N.4
  • 30
    • 67649619806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative determination of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) using five different toxin detection methods in shellfish species collected in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
    • Costa, P.R., Baugh, K.A., Wright, B., RaLonde, R., Nance, S.L., and Tatarenkova, N., Etheridge, S.M., and Lefebvre, K.A., 2009. Comparative determination of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) using five different toxin detection methods in shellfish species collected in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Toxicon, 54, 313-320.
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 313-320
    • Costa, P.R.1    Baugh, K.A.2    Wright, B.3    RaLonde, R.4    Nance, S.L.5    Tatarenkova, N.6    Etheridge, S.M.7    Lefebvre, K.A.8
  • 32
    • 20544437789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins
    • Dell’Aversano, C., Hess, P., and Quilliam, M.A., 2005. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins. J. Chromatogr. A, 1081, 190-201.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1081 , pp. 190-201
    • Dell’Aversano, C.1    Hess, P.2    Quilliam, M.A.3
  • 34
    • 0011245960 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and elimination kinetics of PSP toxins in the American lobster (Homarus americanus)
    • Lassus, P., Arzul, G., Erard-Le-Denn, E., Gentien, P., and Marcaillou-Le-Baut, C. (Eds.), Technique et Documentation, Lavoisier, Paris, France
    • Desbiens, M. and Cembella, A.D., 1995. Occurrence and elimination kinetics of PSP toxins in the American lobster (Homarus americanus). In: Lassus, P., Arzul, G., Erard-Le-Denn, E., Gentien, P., and Marcaillou-Le-Baut, C. (Eds.), Harmful Marine Algal Blooms. Technique et Documentation, Lavoisier, Paris, France, pp. 433-438.
    • (1995) Harmful Marine Algal Blooms , pp. 433-438
    • Desbiens, M.1    Cembella, A.D.2
  • 35
    • 34547849543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a new zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography column for determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins
    • Diener, M., Erler, K., Christian, B., and Luckas, B., 2007. Application of a new zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography column for determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. J. Sep. Sci., 30, 1821-1826.
    • (2007) J. Sep. Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1821-1826
    • Diener, M.1    Erler, K.2    Christian, B.3    Luckas, B.4
  • 36
    • 32644442278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis and their zooplankton prey in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
    • Doucette, G.J., Cembella, A.D., Martin, J.L., Michaud, J., Cole, T.V.N., and Rolland, R.M., 2006. Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis and their zooplankton prey in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 306, 303-313.
    • (2006) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser , vol.306 , pp. 303-313
    • Doucette, G.J.1    Cembella, A.D.2    Martin, J.L.3    Michaud, J.4    Cole, T.V.N.5    Rolland, R.M.6
  • 37
    • 0027471751 scopus 로고
    • Divalent cation competition with [3H] saxitoxin binding to tetrodotoxin-resistant and sensitive sodium channels
    • Doyle, D.D., Guo, Y., Lustig, S.L., Satin, J., Rogart, R.B., and Fozzard, H.A., 1993. Divalent cation competition with [3H] saxitoxin binding to tetrodotoxin-resistant and sensitive sodium channels. J. Gen. Physiol., 101, 153-182.
    • (1993) J. Gen. Physiol , vol.101 , pp. 153-182
    • Doyle, D.D.1    Guo, Y.2    Lustig, S.L.3    Satin, J.4    Rogart, R.B.5    Fozzard, H.A.6
  • 38
    • 77956341549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine biotoxins in shellfish-Saxitoxin Group. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain
    • EFSA, 2009. Marine biotoxins in shellfish-Saxitoxin Group. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. EFSA J., 1019, 1-76.
    • (2009) EFSA J , vol.1019 , pp. 1-76
  • 39
    • 79959380192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depuration and transformation of PSP toxins in the South African abalone Haliotis midae
    • Steidinger, K.A., Landsberg, J.H., Thomas, C.R., and Vargo, G.A. (Eds.), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
    • Etheridge, S.M., Pitcher, G.C., and Roesler, C.S., 2004. Depuration and transformation of PSP toxins in the South African abalone Haliotis midae. In: Steidinger, K.A., Landsberg, J.H., Thomas, C.R., and Vargo, G.A. (Eds.), Harmful Algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, pp. 175-177.
    • (2004) Harmful Algae 2002 , pp. 175-177
    • Etheridge, S.M.1    Pitcher, G.C.2    Roesler, C.S.3
  • 40
    • 33744916869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 80. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
    • FAO, 2004. Marine Biotoxins, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, 80. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 278 pp.
    • (2004) Marine Biotoxins , pp. 278
  • 41
    • 33645460680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A synthesis of (+)-saxitoxin
    • Fleming, J.J. and Du Bois, J., 2006. A synthesis of (+)-saxitoxin. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 3926-3927.
    • (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.128 , pp. 3926-3927
    • Fleming, J.J.1    Du Bois, J.2
  • 42
    • 0027235397 scopus 로고
    • Separation of paralytic shellfish toxins by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, with post-column reaction and fluorimetric detection
    • Franco, J.M. and Fernández-Vila, P., 1993. Separation of paralytic shellfish toxins by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, with post-column reaction and fluorimetric detection. Chromatographia, 35(9-12), 613-620.
    • (1993) Chromatographia , vol.35 , Issue.9-12 , pp. 613-620
    • Franco, J.M.1    Fernández-Vila, P.2
  • 43
    • 1442359934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish poisoning: Post-mortem analysis of tissue and body fluid samples from human victims in the Patagonia fjords
    • García, C., Bravo, M.C., Lagos, M., and Lagos, N., 2004. Paralytic shellfish poisoning: Post-mortem analysis of tissue and body fluid samples from human victims in the Patagonia fjords. Toxicon, 43, 149-158.
    • (2004) Toxicon , vol.43 , pp. 149-158
    • García, C.1    Bravo, M.C.2    Lagos, M.3    Lagos, N.4
  • 44
    • 76449100586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of enzyme-linked immunoassay and reference methods for the detection of shellfish hydrophilic toxins in several presentations of seafood
    • Garet, E., González-Fernández, A., Lago, J., Vieites, J.M., and Cabado, A.G., 2010. Comparative evaluation of enzyme-linked immunoassay and reference methods for the detection of shellfish hydrophilic toxins in several presentations of seafood. J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 1410-1415.
    • (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 1410-1415
    • Garet, E.1    González-Fernández, A.2    Lago, J.3    Vieites, J.M.4    Cabado, A.G.5
  • 47
    • 0027838126 scopus 로고
    • A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase
    • Hallegraeff, G.M. 1993. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia, 32, 79-99.
    • (1993) Phycologia , vol.32 , pp. 79-99
    • Hallegraeff, G.M.1
  • 48
    • 84856116374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global toxicology, ecophysiology and population relationships of the chain-forming PST dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum
    • Hallegraeff, G.M., Blackburn, S.I., Doblin, M.A., and Bolch, C.J.S., 2012. Global toxicology, ecophysiology and population relationships of the chain-forming PST dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum. Harmful Algae, 14, 130-143.
    • (2012) Harmful Algae , vol.14 , pp. 130-143
    • Hallegraeff, G.M.1    Blackburn, S.I.2    Doblin, M.A.3    Bolch, C.J.S.4
  • 50
    • 0026799204 scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish poison (saxitoxin family) bioassays: Automated endpoint determination and standardization of the in vitro tissue culture bioassay, and comparison with the standard mouse bioassay
    • Jellett, J., Marks, L., Stewart, J., Dorey, M., Watson-Wright, W., and Lawrence, J.F., 1992. Paralytic shellfish poison (saxitoxin family) bioassays: Automated endpoint determination and standardization of the in vitro tissue culture bioassay, and comparison with the standard mouse bioassay. Toxicon, 30(10), 1143-1156.
    • (1992) Toxicon , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1143-1156
    • Jellett, J.1    Marks, L.2    Stewart, J.3    Dorey, M.4    Watson-Wright, W.5    Lawrence, J.F.6
  • 51
    • 0036803016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in shellfish tissue using MIST Alert™, a new rapid test, in parallel with the regulatory AOAC® mouse bioassay
    • Jellett, J.F., Roberts, R.L., Laycock, M.V., Quilliam, M.A., and Barrett R.E., 2002. Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in shellfish tissue using MIST Alert™, a new rapid test, in parallel with the regulatory AOAC® mouse bioassay. Toxicon, 40(10), 1407-1425.
    • (2002) Toxicon , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 1407-1425
    • Jellett, J.F.1    Roberts, R.L.2    Laycock, M.V.3    Quilliam, M.A.4    Barrett, R.E.5
  • 52
    • 85008075031 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a calcareous red alga as the primary source of paralytic shellfish toxins in coral reef crabs and gastropods
    • Kotaki, Y., Tajiri, Y., Oshima, Y., and Yasumoto, T., 1983. Identification of a calcareous red alga as the primary source of paralytic shellfish toxins in coral reef crabs and gastropods. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 49, 283-286.
    • (1983) Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish , vol.49 , pp. 283-286
    • Kotaki, Y.1    Tajiri, Y.2    Oshima, Y.3    Yasumoto, T.4
  • 53
    • 85008093725 scopus 로고
    • Individual, local, and size-dependent variations in toxicity of the xanthid crab Zosimus aeneus
    • Koyama, K., Noguchi, T., Uzu, A., and Hashimoto, K., 1983. Individual, local, and size-dependent variations in toxicity of the xanthid crab Zosimus aeneus. Nippon Suis. Gakk., 49, 1273-1279.
    • (1983) Nippon Suis. Gakk , vol.49 , pp. 1273-1279
    • Koyama, K.1    Noguchi, T.2    Uzu, A.3    Hashimoto, K.4
  • 54
    • 2542419282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmful algal bloom toxins protect bivalve populations from sea otter predation
    • Kvitek, R.G. and Bretz, C., 2004. Harmful algal bloom toxins protect bivalve populations from sea otter predation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 271, 233-234.
    • (2004) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser , vol.271 , pp. 233-234
    • Kvitek, R.G.1    Bretz, C.2
  • 55
    • 33749494689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning in the United States, with the first report of Pyrodinium bahamense as the putative toxin source
    • Landsberg, J.H., Hall, S., Johannessen, J.N. et al., 2006. Saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning in the United States, with the first report of Pyrodinium bahamense as the putative toxin source. Environ. Health Perspect., 114(10), 1502-1507.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.114 , Issue.10 , pp. 1502-1507
    • Landsberg, J.H.1    Hall, S.2    Johannessen, J.N.3
  • 56
    • 0026134104 scopus 로고
    • A study of ten toxins associated with paralytic shellfish poison using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
    • Lawrence, J.F., Ménard, C., Charbonneau, C., and Hall, S., 1991. A study of ten toxins associated with paralytic shellfish poison using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem., 74(2), 404-409.
    • (1991) J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 404-409
    • Lawrence, J.F.1    Ménard, C.2    Charbonneau, C.3    Hall, S.4
  • 57
    • 30644458552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: Collaborative study
    • Lawrence, J.F., Niedzwiadek, B., and Menard, C., 2005. Quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: Collaborative study. J. AOAC Int., 88(6), 1714-1732.
    • (2005) J. AOAC Int , vol.88 , Issue.6 , pp. 1714-1732
    • Lawrence, J.F.1    Niedzwiadek, B.2    Menard, C.3
  • 58
    • 36849043022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species boundaries and global biogeography of the Alexandrium tamarense complex (Dinophyceae)
    • Lilly, E.L., Halanych, K.M., and Anderson, D.M., 2007. Species boundaries and global biogeography of the Alexandrium tamarense complex (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol., 43, 1329-1338.
    • (2007) J. Phycol , vol.43 , pp. 1329-1338
    • Lilly, E.L.1    Halanych, K.M.2    Anderson, D.M.3
  • 60
    • 14244269808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of paralytic shellfish toxin transforming enzyme from Mactra chinensis
    • Lin, H.-P., Cho, Y., Yashiro, H., Yamada, T., and Oshima, Y., 2004. Purification and characterization of paralytic shellfish toxin transforming enzyme from Mactra chinensis. Toxicon, 44, 657-668.
    • (2004) Toxicon , vol.44 , pp. 657-668
    • Lin, H.-P.1    Cho, Y.2    Yashiro, H.3    Yamada, T.4    Oshima, Y.5
  • 61
    • 0030756789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemolymph protein in xanthid crabs: Its selective binding of saxitoxin and possible role in toxin bioaccumulation
    • Llewellyn, L.E., 1997. Haemolymph protein in xanthid crabs: Its selective binding of saxitoxin and possible role in toxin bioaccumulation. Mar. Biol., 128, 599-606.
    • (1997) Mar. Biol , vol.128 , pp. 599-606
    • Llewellyn, L.E.1
  • 63
    • 79960938280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode of action of membrane-disruptive lytic compounds from the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense
    • Ma, H., Krock, B., Tillmann, U., Bickmeyer, U., Graeve, M., and Cembella, A., 2011. Mode of action of membrane-disruptive lytic compounds from the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. Toxicon, 58, 247-258.
    • (2011) Toxicon , vol.58 , pp. 247-258
    • Ma, H.1    Krock, B.2    Tillmann, U.3    Bickmeyer, U.4    Graeve, M.5    Cembella, A.6
  • 64
    • 0036562587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of MIST Alert™, a commercial qualitative assay for detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in bivalve molluscs
    • Mackintosh, F.H., Gallacher, S., Shanks, A.M., and Smith, E.A., 2002. Assessment of MIST Alert™, a commercial qualitative assay for detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in bivalve molluscs. J. AOAC Int., 85(3), 632-641.
    • (2002) J. AOAC Int , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 632-641
    • Mackintosh, F.H.1    Gallacher, S.2    Shanks, A.M.3    Smith, E.A.4
  • 65
    • 26444585129 scopus 로고
    • Presencia de PSP en el corruco (Acanthocardia tuberculata) en el litoral de la provincia marítima de Malaga y distritos maritimos de la linea y Algeciras
    • Mariño, J. and Maneiro, J.C. (Eds.), Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Xunta de Galicia
    • Márquez, I., 1993. Presencia de PSP en el corruco (Acanthocardia tuberculata) en el litoral de la provincia marítima de Malaga y distritos maritimos de la linea y Algeciras. In: Mariño, J. and Maneiro, J.C. (Eds.), III Reunión Iberica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas. Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Xunta de Galicia, pp. 27-33.
    • (1993) III Reunión Iberica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas , pp. 27-33
    • Márquez, I.1
  • 66
    • 0024634181 scopus 로고
    • Zinc from oyster tissue as causative factor in mouse deaths in Official Bioassay for Paralytic Shellfish Poison
    • McCulloch, A.W., Boyd, R.K., de Freitas, A.S.W. et al., 1989. Zinc from oyster tissue as causative factor in mouse deaths in Official Bioassay for Paralytic Shellfish Poison. J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem., 72(2), 384-386.
    • (1989) J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 384-386
    • McCulloch, A.W.1    Boyd, R.K.2    de Freitas, A.S.W.3
  • 67
    • 84923264108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
    • Ohannesian, L. and Streeter, A.J. (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York
    • Miyawa, J.H. and Schulman, S.G., 2001. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. In: Ohannesian, L. and Streeter, A.J. (Eds.), Handbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York, 585pp.
    • (2001) Handbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis , pp. 585
    • Miyawa, J.H.1    Schulman, S.G.2
  • 68
    • 0035070259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and origin of tetrodotoxin
    • Miyazawa, K. and Noguchi, T., 2001. Distribution and origin of tetrodotoxin. Toxin Rev., 20(1), 11-33.
    • (2001) Toxin Rev , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-33
    • Miyazawa, K.1    Noguchi, T.2
  • 69
    • 79951831891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraordinary conservation, gene loss, and positive selection in the evolution of an ancient neurotoxin
    • Murray, S.A., Mihali, T.K., and Neilan, B.A., 2011. Extraordinary conservation, gene loss, and positive selection in the evolution of an ancient neurotoxin. Mol. Biol. Evol., 28(3), 1173-1182.
    • (2011) Mol. Biol. Evol , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Murray, S.A.1    Mihali, T.K.2    Neilan, B.A.3
  • 70
    • 0031970918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analyses by HPLC and the sodium channel and saxiphilin 3H-saxitoxin receptor assays for paralytic shellfish toxins in crustaceans and molluscs from tropical North West Australia
    • Negri, A. and Llewellyn, L., 1998. Comparative analyses by HPLC and the sodium channel and saxiphilin 3H-saxitoxin receptor assays for paralytic shellfish toxins in crustaceans and molluscs from tropical North West Australia. Toxicon, 36, 283-298.
    • (1998) Toxicon , vol.36 , pp. 283-298
    • Negri, A.1    Llewellyn, L.2
  • 72
    • 35348820725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread presence of hydrophobic paralytic shellfish toxins in Gymnodinium catenatum
    • Negri, A.P., Bolch, C.J.S., Geier, S., Green, D.H., Park, T.G., and Blackburn, S.I., 2007. Widespread presence of hydrophobic paralytic shellfish toxins in Gymnodinium catenatum. Harmful Algae, 6(6), 774-780.
    • (2007) Harmful Algae , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 774-780
    • Negri, A.P.1    Bolch, C.J.S.2    Geier, S.3    Green, D.H.4    Park, T.G.5    Blackburn, S.I.6
  • 73
    • 0001666649 scopus 로고
    • Vibrio alginolyticus, a tetrodotoxin-producing bacterium, in the intestines of the fish Fugu vermicularis vermicularis
    • Noguchi, T., Hwang, D.F., Arakawa, O., Sugita, H., Deguchi, Y., Shida, Y., and Hashimoto, K., 1987. Vibrio alginolyticus, a tetrodotoxin-producing bacterium, in the intestines of the fish Fugu vermicularis vermicularis. Mar. Biol., 94, 625-630.
    • (1987) Mar. Biol , vol.94 , pp. 625-630
    • Noguchi, T.1    Hwang, D.F.2    Arakawa, O.3    Sugita, H.4    Deguchi, Y.5    Shida, Y.6    Hashimoto, K.7
  • 74
    • 84875051980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed August 29, 2012
    • NRC-CRMP, 2012. Certified Reference Materials Program. http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/advisory/crm/biotoxin/list_products.html (accessed August 29, 2012).
    • (2012) Certified Reference Materials Program
  • 75
    • 1942468730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of paralytic shellfish toxin between carnivorous crabs (Telmessus acutidens and Charybdis japonica) and their prey mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in an inshore food chain
    • Oikawa, H., Fujita, T., Saito, K., Watabe, S., and Yano, Y., 2004. Comparison of paralytic shellfish toxin between carnivorous crabs (Telmessus acutidens and Charybdis japonica) and their prey mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in an inshore food chain. Toxicon, 43, 713-719.
    • (2004) Toxicon , vol.43 , pp. 713-719
    • Oikawa, H.1    Fujita, T.2    Saito, K.3    Watabe, S.4    Yano, Y.5
  • 76
    • 0030779471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New saxitoxin analogues from the freshwater filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei
    • Onodera, H., Satake, M., Oshima, Y., Yasumoto, T., and Carmichael, W.W., 1997. New saxitoxin analogues from the freshwater filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei. Nat Toxins, 5, 146-151.
    • (1997) Nat Toxins , vol.5 , pp. 146-151
    • Onodera, H.1    Satake, M.2    Oshima, Y.3    Yasumoto, T.4    Carmichael, W.W.5
  • 77
    • 1642337383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxin and molecular analysis of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) strains from Galicia (NW Spain) and Andalucia (S Spain)
    • Ordás, M.C., Fraga, S., Franco, J.M., Ordás, A., and Figueras, A. 2004. Toxin and molecular analysis of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) strains from Galicia (NW Spain) and Andalucia (S Spain). J. Plankt. Res., 26(3), 341-349.
    • (2004) J. Plankt. Res , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-349
    • Ordás, M.C.1    Fraga, S.2    Franco, J.M.3    Ordás, A.4    Figueras, A.5
  • 78
    • 0001465510 scopus 로고
    • Chemical and enzymatic transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in marine organisms
    • Lassus, P., Arzul, G., Erard, E., Gentien, P., and Marcaillou, C. (Eds.), Lavoisier Science Publishers, Paris, France
    • Oshima, Y., 1995a. Chemical and enzymatic transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in marine organisms. In: Lassus, P., Arzul, G., Erard, E., Gentien, P., and Marcaillou, C. (Eds.), Harmful Marine Algal Blooms. Lavoisier Science Publishers, Paris, France, pp. 475-480.
    • (1995) Harmful Marine Algal Blooms , pp. 475-480
    • Oshima, Y.1
  • 79
    • 0000125828 scopus 로고
    • Postcolumn derivatization liquid chromatographic method for paralytic shellfish toxins
    • Oshima, Y., 1995b. Postcolumn derivatization liquid chromatographic method for paralytic shellfish toxins. J. AOAC Int., 78(2), 528-532.
    • (1995) J. AOAC Int , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 528-532
    • Oshima, Y.1
  • 80
    • 0027847113 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study on paralytic shellfish toxin profiles of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum from three different countries
    • Oshima, Y., Blackburn, S.I., and Hallegraeff, G.M., 1993. Comparative study on paralytic shellfish toxin profiles of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum from three different countries. Mar. Biol., 116, 471-476.
    • (1993) Mar. Biol , vol.116 , pp. 471-476
    • Oshima, Y.1    Blackburn, S.I.2    Hallegraeff, G.M.3
  • 81
    • 0021168011 scopus 로고
    • Liquid chromatographic-fluorometric analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins
    • Oshima, Y., Machida, M., Sasaki, K., Tamaoki, Y., and Yasumoto, T., 1984. Liquid chromatographic-fluorometric analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins. Agric. Biol. Chem., 48(7), 1707-1711.
    • (1984) Agric. Biol. Chem , vol.48 , Issue.7 , pp. 1707-1711
    • Oshima, Y.1    Machida, M.2    Sasaki, K.3    Tamaoki, Y.4    Yasumoto, T.5
  • 82
    • 0000138062 scopus 로고
    • Latest advances in HPLC analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins
    • Natori, S., Hashimoto, K., and Ueno, Y. (Eds.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
    • Oshima, Y., Sugino, K., and Yasumoto, T., 1989. Latest advances in HPLC analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins. In: Natori, S., Hashimoto, K., and Ueno, Y. (Eds.), Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins '88. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 319-326.
    • (1989) Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins '88 , pp. 319-326
    • Oshima, Y.1    Sugino, K.2    Yasumoto, T.3
  • 83
    • 0031768855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding revealed by mutagenesis of the Na+ channel outer vestibule
    • Penzotti, J.L., Fozzard, H.A., Lipkind, G.M., and Dudley, S.C. Jr., 1998. Differences in saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding revealed by mutagenesis of the Na+ channel outer vestibule. Biophys. J., 75, 2647-2657.
    • (1998) Biophys. J , vol.75 , pp. 2647-2657
    • Penzotti, J.L.1    Fozzard, H.A.2    Lipkind, G.M.3    Dudley, S.C.4
  • 84
    • 0035717545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish poisoning in the abalone Haliotis midae on the west coast of South Africa
    • Pitcher, G.C., Franco, J.M., Doucette, G.J., Powell, C.L., and Mouton, A., 2001. Paralytic shellfish poisoning in the abalone Haliotis midae on the west coast of South Africa. J. Shellfish Res., 20, 895-904.
    • (2001) J. Shellfish Res , vol.20 , pp. 895-904
    • Pitcher, G.C.1    Franco, J.M.2    Doucette, G.J.3    Powell, C.L.4    Mouton, A.5
  • 85
    • 1242318693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between intracellular Na+ levels and saxitoxin production in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3
    • Pomati, F., Rossetti, C., Manarolla, G., Burns, B.P., and Neilan, B.A., 2004. Interactions between intracellular Na+ levels and saxitoxin production in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3. Microbiology, 150, 455-461.
    • (2004) Microbiology , vol.150 , pp. 455-461
    • Pomati, F.1    Rossetti, C.2    Manarolla, G.3    Burns, B.P.4    Neilan, B.A.5
  • 87
    • 0027613631 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the oxidation products of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Quilliam, M.A., Janecek, M., and Lawrence, J.F., 1993. Characterization of the oxidation products of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 7, 482-487.
    • (1993) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom , vol.7 , pp. 482-487
    • Quilliam, M.A.1    Janecek, M.2    Lawrence, J.F.3
  • 88
    • 29144505669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and identification of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in Florida pufferfish responsible for incidents of neurologic illness
    • Steidinger, K.A., Landsberg, J.H., Tomas, C.R., and Vargo, G.A. (Eds.), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, FL
    • Quilliam, M.A., Wechsler, D., Marcus, S., Ruck, B., Wekell, M., and Hawryluk, T., 2004. Detection and identification of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in Florida pufferfish responsible for incidents of neurologic illness. In: Steidinger, K.A., Landsberg, J.H., Tomas, C.R., and Vargo, G.A. (Eds.), Harmful Algae 2002. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg, FL, pp. 116-118.
    • (2004) Harmful Algae 2002 , pp. 116-118
    • Quilliam, M.A.1    Wechsler, D.2    Marcus, S.3    Ruck, B.4    Wekell, M.5    Hawryluk, T.6
  • 89
    • 0033286275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of saxitoxin derivatives as causative agents in the 1997 mass mortality of monk seals in the Cape Blanc Peninsula
    • Reyero, M., Cacho, E., Martinez, A., Vásquez, J., Marina, A., Fraga, S., and Franco, J.M., 1999. Evidence of saxitoxin derivatives as causative agents in the 1997 mass mortality of monk seals in the Cape Blanc Peninsula. Nat. Toxins, 7, 311-315.
    • (1999) Nat. Toxins , vol.7 , pp. 311-315
    • Reyero, M.1    Cacho, E.2    Martinez, A.3    Vásquez, J.4    Marina, A.5    Fraga, S.6    Franco, J.M.7
  • 90
    • 84857218220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish poisoning due to ingestion of Gymnodinium catenatum contaminated cockles-Application of the AOAC HPLC Official Method
    • Rodrigues, S.M., de Carvalho, M., Mestre, T., Ferreira, J.F., Coelho, M., Peralta, R., and Vale, P., 2012. Paralytic shellfish poisoning due to ingestion of Gymnodinium catenatum contaminated cockles-Application of the AOAC HPLC Official Method. Toxicon, 59(5), 558-566.
    • (2012) Toxicon , vol.59 , Issue.5 , pp. 558-566
    • Rodrigues, S.M.1    de Carvalho, M.2    Mestre, T.3    Ferreira, J.F.4    Coelho, M.5    Peralta, R.6    Vale, P.7
  • 92
    • 45849148020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid postcolumn methodology for determination of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish tissue
    • Rourke, W.A., Murphy, C.J., Pitcher, G., Van Deriet, J.M., Burns, B.G., Thomas, K.M., and Quilliam, M.A., 2008. Rapid postcolumn methodology for determination of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish tissue. J. AOAC Int., 91(3), 589-597.
    • (2008) J. AOAC Int , vol.91 , Issue.3 , pp. 589-597
    • Rourke, W.A.1    Murphy, C.J.2    Pitcher, G.3    Van Deriet, J.M.4    Burns, B.G.5    Thomas, K.M.6    Quilliam, M.A.7
  • 93
    • 79953043057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative bioassay for the detection of saxitoxin using the speckled cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea)
    • Ruebhart, D.R., Radcliffe, W.L., and Eaglesham, G.K., 2011. Alternative bioassay for the detection of saxitoxin using the speckled cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A, 74(10), 621-637.
    • (2011) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A , vol.74 , Issue.10 , pp. 621-637
    • Ruebhart, D.R.1    Radcliffe, W.L.2    Eaglesham, G.K.3
  • 94
    • 26444503705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study on differential accumulation of PSP between cockle (Acanthocardia tuberculatum) and sweet clam (Callista chione)
    • Sagou, R., Amanhir, R., Taleb, H., Vale, P., Blaghen, M., and Loutfi, M., 2005. Comparative study on differential accumulation of PSP between cockle (Acanthocardia tuberculatum) and sweet clam (Callista chione). Toxicon, 46(6), 612-618.
    • (2005) Toxicon , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 612-618
    • Sagou, R.1    Amanhir, R.2    Taleb, H.3    Vale, P.4    Blaghen, M.5    Loutfi, M.6
  • 95
    • 33746976111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation and depuration profiles of PSP toxins in the short-necked clam Tapes japonica fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella
    • Samsur, M., Yamaguchi, Y., Sagara, T., Takatani, T., Arakawa, O., and Noguchi, T., 2006. Accumulation and depuration profiles of PSP toxins in the short-necked clam Tapes japonica fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. Toxicon, 48(3), 323-330.
    • (2006) Toxicon , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-330
    • Samsur, M.1    Yamaguchi, Y.2    Sagara, T.3    Takatani, T.4    Arakawa, O.5    Noguchi, T.6
  • 96
    • 0034256914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins as dominant toxins in marine puffer from tropical water
    • Sato, S., Ogata, T., Borja, V., Gonzales, C., Fukuyo, Y., and Kodama, M., 2000. Frequent occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins as dominant toxins in marine puffer from tropical water. Toxicon, 38, 1101-1109.
    • (2000) Toxicon , vol.38 , pp. 1101-1109
    • Sato, S.1    Ogata, T.2    Borja, V.3    Gonzales, C.4    Fukuyo, Y.5    Kodama, M.6
  • 97
    • 0004548809 scopus 로고
    • Historical perspective on paralytic shellfish poison
    • American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
    • Schantz, E.J., 1984. Historical perspective on paralytic shellfish poison. Seafood Toxins. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 99-111.
    • (1984) Seafood Toxins , pp. 99-111
    • Schantz, E.J.1
  • 100
    • 33747194724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copepods induce paralytic shellfish toxin production in marine dinoflagellates
    • Selander, E., Thor, P., Toth, G., and Pavia, H., 2006. Copepods induce paralytic shellfish toxin production in marine dinoflagellates. Proc. R. Soc. B, 273, 1673-1680.
    • (2006) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.273 , pp. 1673-1680
    • Selander, E.1    Thor, P.2    Toth, G.3    Pavia, H.4
  • 101
    • 0141783560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of Enterobacter bacteria as saxitoxin producers in cattle’s rumen and surface water from Venezuelan savannahs
    • Sevcik, C., Noriega, J., and D’Suze, G., 2003. Identification of Enterobacter bacteria as saxitoxin producers in cattle’s rumen and surface water from Venezuelan savannahs. Toxicon, 42, 359-366.
    • (2003) Toxicon , vol.42 , pp. 359-366
    • Sevcik, C.1    Noriega, J.2    D’Suze, G.3
  • 102
    • 0016797447 scopus 로고
    • Presence of four toxins in red tide infested clams and cultured Gonyaulax tamarensis cells
    • Shimizu, Y., Alam, M., Oshima, Y., and Fallon, W.E., 1975. Presence of four toxins in red tide infested clams and cultured Gonyaulax tamarensis cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 66(2), 731-737.
    • (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 731-737
    • Shimizu, Y.1    Alam, M.2    Oshima, Y.3    Fallon, W.E.4
  • 103
    • 84881610000 scopus 로고
    • Phycotoxin-related shellfish poisoning: Bivalve molluscs are not the only vectors
    • Shumway, S.E., 1995. Phycotoxin-related shellfish poisoning: Bivalve molluscs are not the only vectors. Rev. Fish. Sci., 3, 1-31.
    • (1995) Rev. Fish. Sci , vol.3 , pp. 1-31
    • Shumway, S.E.1
  • 104
    • 0242543762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine birds and harmful algal blooms: Sporadic victims or under-reported events?
    • Shumway, S.E., Allen, S.M., and Boersma, P.D., 2003. Marine birds and harmful algal blooms: Sporadic victims or under-reported events? Harmful Algae, 2(1), 1-17.
    • (2003) Harmful Algae , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-17
    • Shumway, S.E.1    Allen, S.M.2    Boersma, P.D.3
  • 106
    • 0007042280 scopus 로고
    • Determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by high pressure liquid chromatography
    • Ragelis, E.P. (Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 262 American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
    • Sullivan, J.J. and Wekell, M.M., 1984. Determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by high pressure liquid chromatography. In: Ragelis, E.P. (Ed.), Seafood Toxins. ACS Symposium Series 262 American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 197-205.
    • (1984) Seafood Toxins , pp. 197-205
    • Sullivan, J.J.1    Wekell, M.M.2
  • 107
    • 34547119923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and partial characterization of paralytic shellfish poison-binding protein from Acanthocardia tuberculatum
    • Takati, N., Mountassif, D., Taleb, H., Lee, K., and Blaghen M., 2007. Purification and partial characterization of paralytic shellfish poison-binding protein from Acanthocardia tuberculatum. Toxicon, 50(3), 311-321.
    • (2007) Toxicon , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-321
    • Takati, N.1    Mountassif, D.2    Taleb, H.3    Lee, K.4    Blaghen, M.5
  • 109
    • 0034787917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin profile in shellfish from the Mediterranean shore of Morocco
    • Taleb, H., Vale, P., Jaime, E., and Blaghen, M., 2001. Study of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin profile in shellfish from the Mediterranean shore of Morocco. Toxicon, 39(12), 1855-1861.
    • (2001) Toxicon , vol.39 , Issue.12 , pp. 1855-1861
    • Taleb, H.1    Vale, P.2    Jaime, E.3    Blaghen, M.4
  • 110
    • 0017398769 scopus 로고
    • A stereospecific total synthesis of dl-saxitoxin
    • Tanino, H., Nakata, T., Kaneko, T., and Kishi Y., 1977. A stereospecific total synthesis of dl-saxitoxin. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99(8), 2818-2819.
    • (1977) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.99 , Issue.8 , pp. 2818-2819
    • Tanino, H.1    Nakata, T.2    Kaneko, T.3    Kishi, Y.4
  • 111
    • 0000488132 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy of harmful dinoflagellates
    • Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., and Cembella, A.D. (Eds.), IOC Manuals and Guides No. 33, UNESCO, Paris, France
    • Taylor, F.J.R., Fukuyo, Y., and Larsen, J., 1995. Taxonomy of harmful dinoflagellates. In: Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., and Cembella, A.D. (Eds.), Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides No. 33, UNESCO, Paris, France, pp. 283-317.
    • (1995) Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae , pp. 283-317
    • Taylor, F.J.R.1    Fukuyo, Y.2    Larsen, J.3
  • 112
    • 0037023627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic effects of Alexandrium spp. on heterotrophic dinoflagellates: An allelochemical defense mechanism independent of PSP-toxin content
    • Tillmann, U. and John, U., 2002. Toxic effects of Alexandrium spp. on heterotrophic dinoflagellates: An allelochemical defense mechanism independent of PSP-toxin content. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 230, 47-58.
    • (2002) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser , vol.230 , pp. 47-58
    • Tillmann, U.1    John, U.2
  • 113
    • 84860590658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech and Mendiola) Balech and Tangen a new toxic species for coastal North Carolina
    • Tomas, C.R., van Wagoner, R., Tatters, A.O., White, K.D., Hall, S., and Wright, J.L.C., 2012. Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech and Mendiola) Balech and Tangen a new toxic species for coastal North Carolina. Harmful Algae, 17, 54-63.
    • (2012) Harmful Algae , vol.17 , pp. 54-63
    • Tomas, C.R.1    van Wagoner, R.2    Tatters, A.O.3    White, K.D.4    Hall, S.5    Wright, J.L.C.6
  • 114
    • 34249674949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of inorganic nutrition on growth and PSP toxin production of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) from Cork Harbour, Ireland
    • Touzet, N., Franco, J.M., and Raine, R., 2007. Influence of inorganic nutrition on growth and PSP toxin production of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) from Cork Harbour, Ireland. Toxicon, 50(1), 106-119.
    • (2007) Toxicon , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-119
    • Touzet, N.1    Franco, J.M.2    Raine, R.3
  • 115
    • 33751332492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint FAO/WHO/IOC activities to provide scientific advice on marine biotoxins (research report)
    • Toyofuku, H., 2006. Joint FAO/WHO/IOC activities to provide scientific advice on marine biotoxins (research report). Mar. Pollut. Bull., 52(12), 1735-1745.
    • (2006) Mar. Pollut. Bull , vol.52 , Issue.12 , pp. 1735-1745
    • Toyofuku, H.1
  • 116
    • 84855222244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigations into matrix components affecting the performance of the official bioassay reference method for quantitation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in oysters
    • Turner, A.D., Dhanji-Rapkova, M., Algoet, M., Suarez-Isla, B.A., Cordova, M., Caceres, C., Murphy, C.J., Casey, M., and Lees, D.N., 2012. Investigations into matrix components affecting the performance of the official bioassay reference method for quantitation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in oysters. Toxicon, 59, 215-230.
    • (2012) Toxicon , vol.59 , pp. 215-230
    • Turner, A.D.1    Dhanji-Rapkova, M.2    Algoet, M.3    Suarez-Isla, B.A.4    Cordova, M.5    Caceres, C.6    Murphy, C.J.7    Casey, M.8    Lees, D.N.9
  • 118
    • 63649131249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refinement and extension of AOAC method 2005.06 to include additional toxins in mussels: Single-laboratory validation
    • Turner, A.D., Norton, D.M., Hatfield, R.G., Morris, S., Reese, A.R., Algoet, M., and Lees, D.N., 2009. Refinement and extension of AOAC method 2005.06 to include additional toxins in mussels: Single-laboratory validation. J. AOAC Int., 92(1), 190-207.
    • (2009) J. AOAC Int , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 190-207
    • Turner, A.D.1    Norton, D.M.2    Hatfield, R.G.3    Morris, S.4    Reese, A.R.5    Algoet, M.6    Lees, D.N.7
  • 119
    • 58449089803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and development of solid-phase extraction for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins
    • Turrell, E., Stobo, L., Lacaze, J.-P., Piletsky, S., and Piletska, E., 2008. Optimization of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and development of solid-phase extraction for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. J. AOAC Int., 91(6), 1372-1386.
    • (2008) J. AOAC Int , vol.91 , Issue.6 , pp. 1372-1386
    • Turrell, E.1    Stobo, L.2    Lacaze, J.-P.3    Piletsky, S.4    Piletska, E.5
  • 120
    • 0031043957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and mouse bioassay for determining paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish
    • Usleber, E., Donald, D., Straka, M., and Martlbauer, E., 1997. Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and mouse bioassay for determining paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish. Food Addit. Contam., 14(2), 193-198.
    • (1997) Food Addit. Contam , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-198
    • Usleber, E.1    Donald, D.2    Straka, M.3    Martlbauer, E.4
  • 121
    • 0026041714 scopus 로고
    • Direct enzyme immunoassay in microtitration plate and test strip format for the detection of saxitoxin in shellfish
    • Usleber, E., Schneider, E., and Terplan, G., 1991. Direct enzyme immunoassay in microtitration plate and test strip format for the detection of saxitoxin in shellfish. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 13, 275-277.
    • (1991) Lett. Appl. Microbiol , vol.13 , pp. 275-277
    • Usleber, E.1    Schneider, E.2    Terplan, G.3
  • 122
    • 84856113033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology, ecology and bloom dynamics of the toxic marine dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense
    • Usup, G., Ahmad, A., Matsuoka, K., Lim, P.T., and Leaw, C.P., 2012. Biology, ecology and bloom dynamics of the toxic marine dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense. Harmful Algae, 14, 301-312.
    • (2012) Harmful Algae , vol.14 , pp. 301-312
    • Usup, G.1    Ahmad, A.2    Matsuoka, K.3    Lim, P.T.4    Leaw, C.P.5
  • 123
    • 41149117509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin potency and the influence of the pH of extraction
    • Vale, C., Alfonso, A., Vieytes, M.R., Romarís, X.M., Arévalo, F., Botana, A.M., and Botana, L.M., 2008. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin potency and the influence of the pH of extraction. Anal. Chem., 80(5), 1770-1776.
    • (2008) Anal. Chem , vol.80 , Issue.5 , pp. 1770-1776
    • Vale, C.1    Alfonso, A.2    Vieytes, M.R.3    Romarís, X.M.4    Arévalo, F.5    Botana, A.M.6    Botana, L.M.7
  • 124
    • 42049095074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of benzoate paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins from Gymnodinium catenatum in shellfish and fish detected by pre-column oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
    • Vale, P., 2008a. Fate of benzoate paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins from Gymnodinium catenatum in shellfish and fish detected by pre-column oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 1190(1-2), 191-197.
    • (2008) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1190 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 191-197
    • Vale, P.1
  • 125
    • 44649163159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex profile of hydrophobic paralytic shellfish poisoning compounds in Gymnodinium catenatum detected by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection
    • Vale, P., 2008b. Complex profile of hydrophobic paralytic shellfish poisoning compounds in Gymnodinium catenatum detected by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 1195, 85-93.
    • (2008) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1195 , pp. 85-93
    • Vale, P.1
  • 126
    • 70649099208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolites of saxitoxin analogues in bivalves contaminated by Gymnodinium catenatum
    • Vale, P., 2010a. Metabolites of saxitoxin analogues in bivalves contaminated by Gymnodinium catenatum. Toxicon, 55(1), 162-165.
    • (2010) Toxicon , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 162-165
    • Vale, P.1
  • 127
    • 78649905656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxitoxin analogues: Developments in toxin chemistry, detection and biotransformation during the 2000‘s
    • Vale, P., 2010b. Saxitoxin analogues: Developments in toxin chemistry, detection and biotransformation during the 2000‘s. Phytochem. Rev., 9(4), 525-535.
    • (2010) Phytochem. Rev , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 525-535
    • Vale, P.1
  • 128
    • 84895318186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine biotoxins and blue mussel: One of the most troublesome species during harmful algal blooms
    • McGevin, L.E. (Ed.), Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York
    • Vale, P., 2011. Marine biotoxins and blue mussel: One of the most troublesome species during harmful algal blooms. In: McGevin, L.E. (Ed.), Mussels: Anatomy, Habitat and Environmental Impact. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York, pp. 413-428.
    • (2011) Mussels: Anatomy, Habitat and Environmental Impact , pp. 413-428
    • Vale, P.1
  • 129
    • 57849133478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical profiles of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish from Luanda and Mussulo bays, Angola
    • Vale, P., Rangel, I., Silva, B., Coelho, P., and Vilar, A., 2009. Atypical profiles of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish from Luanda and Mussulo bays, Angola. Toxicon, 53, 176-183.
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.53 , pp. 176-183
    • Vale, P.1    Rangel, I.2    Silva, B.3    Coelho, P.4    Vilar, A.5
  • 130
    • 0003261443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of paralytic shellfish toxins in Portuguese shellfish by automated pre-column oxidation
    • Vale, P. and Sampayo, M.A.M., 2001. Determination of paralytic shellfish toxins in Portuguese shellfish by automated pre-column oxidation. Toxicon, 39(4), 561-571.
    • (2001) Toxicon , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 561-571
    • Vale, P.1    Sampayo, M.A.M.2
  • 131
    • 0036164571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of marine biotoxin’s accumulation by Acanthocardia tuberculatum from Algarve, Portugal
    • Vale, P. and Sampayo, M.A.M., 2002. Evaluation of marine biotoxin’s accumulation by Acanthocardia tuberculatum from Algarve, Portugal. Toxicon, 40(5), 511-517.
    • (2002) Toxicon , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 511-517
    • Vale, P.1    Sampayo, M.A.M.2
  • 132
    • 27744579452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by pre-column derivatization and elimination of interfering compounds by SPE extraction
    • Vale, P. and Taleb, H., 2005. Assessment of quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by pre-column derivatization and elimination of interfering compounds by SPE extraction. Food Addit. Contam., 22(9), 838-846.
    • (2005) Food Addit. Contam , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 838-846
    • Vale, P.1    Taleb, H.2
  • 133
    • 0038580639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxitoxin is a gating modifier of hERG K+ channels
    • Wang, J., Salata, J.J., and Bennett, P.B., 2003. Saxitoxin is a gating modifier of hERG K+ channels. J. Gen. Physiol., 121, 583-598.
    • (2003) J. Gen. Physiol , vol.121 , pp. 583-598
    • Wang, J.1    Salata, J.J.2    Bennett, P.B.3
  • 134
    • 0000425599 scopus 로고
    • Paralytic shellfish toxins and finfish
    • Ragelis, E.P. (Ed.), ACS Symposium Series 262, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
    • White, A.W., 1984. Paralytic shellfish toxins and finfish. In: Ragelis, E.P. (Ed.), Seafood Toxins. ACS Symposium Series 262, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 171-180.
    • (1984) Seafood Toxins , pp. 171-180
    • White, A.W.1
  • 135
    • 0030617896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes on Alexandrium population dynamics
    • Wyatt, T. and Jenkinson, I.R., 1997. Notes on Alexandrium population dynamics. J. Plankton Res., 19(5), 551-575.
    • (1997) J. Plankton Res , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 551-575
    • Wyatt, T.1    Jenkinson, I.R.2
  • 136
    • 1842481343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of zetekitoxin AB, a saxitoxin analog from the Panamanian golden frog Atelopus zeteki: A potent sodium-channel blocker
    • Yotsu-Yamashita, M., Kim, Y.H., Dudley, S.C. Jr., Choudhary, G., Pfahnl, A., Oshima, Y., and Daly, J.W., 2004. The structure of zetekitoxin AB, a saxitoxin analog from the Panamanian golden frog Atelopus zeteki: A potent sodium-channel blocker. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 4346-4351.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , pp. 4346-4351
    • Yotsu-Yamashita, M.1    Kim, Y.H.2    Dudley, S.C.3    Choudhary, G.4    Pfahnl, A.5    Oshima, Y.6    Daly, J.W.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.