Joint FAO/WHO/IOC activities to provide scientific advice on marine biotoxins (research report)

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Volumn 52, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 1735-1745

  Toyofuku, Hajime ^a  

^a WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Azaspiracid (AZA); Domoic acid (DA); Marine biotoxin; Okadaic acid (OA); Provisional acute reference dose (RfD); Saxitoxin (STX)

Indexed keywords

AMINES; MARINE BIOLOGY; ORGANIC ACIDS; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; YEAST;

AZASPIRACID (AZA); DOMOIC ACID (DA); MARINE BIOTOXIN; OKADAIC ACID (OA); PROVISIONAL ACUTE REFERENCE DOSE (RFD); SAXITOXIN (STX);

MARINE POLLUTION;

AZASPIRACID; BREVETOXIN; DOMOIC ACID; MARINE TOXIN; OKADAIC ACID; PECTENOTOXIN; SAXITOXIN; SHELLFISH TOXIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; YESSOTOXIN;

BIVALVE; FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXIN; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ARTICLE; BIVALVE; CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DATA BASE; DISEASE COURSE; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD POISONING; FOOD SAFETY; GENOTOXICITY; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HUMAN; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MOLLUSC; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; URINARY EXCRETION;

ANIMALS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES; MARINE TOXINS; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNITED NATIONS;

ANIMALIA; BIVALVIA; MOLLUSCA;

EID: 33751332492     PISSN: 0025326X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.07.007     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Aune, T., 2001. Risk assessment of toxins associated with DSP, PSP and ASP in seafood. In: De Koe, W.J. et al. (Eds.), Mycotoxins and phycotoxins in perspective at the turn of the millennium. In: Proceedings of the Xth International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins - 21-25 May 2000 Guarujá (Brazil). Wageningen, The Netherlands, Ponsen & Looyen, pp. 515-526.
2. Baden D.G., Fleming L.E., and Bean J.A. Chapter: Marine Toxins. In: deWolf F.A. (Ed). Handbook of Clinical Neurology: Intoxications of the Nervous System Part H. Natural Toxins and Drugs (1995), Elsevier Press, Amsterdam 141-175
3. Baden D.G., and Mende T.J. Toxicity of two toxins from the Florida red tide marine dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve. Toxicon 20 2 (1982) 457-461
4. Baden D.G., Mende T.J., Bikhazi G., and Leung I. Bronchoconstriction caused by Florida Red Tide toxins. Toxicon 20 5 (1982) 929-932
5. Burgess, V., Shaw, G., 2003. Investigations into the toxicology of pectenotoxin-2-seco acid and 7-epi pectenotoxin 2-seco acid to aid in a health risk assessment for the consumption of shellfish contaminated with these shellfish toxins in Australia. Report on Project No. 2001/258. National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia.
6. Cembella, A.D., Doucette, G.J., Garthwaite, I., 2003. Part I. In vitro assays for phycotoxins. In: Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D., Enevoldsen, H.O., Technical director: (Eds.), Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides 33. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 297-346.
7. Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2005a. The Procedural Manual of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, pp. 101.
8. Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2005b. The report of the twenty seventh session of the Codex Committee on Fish and Fishery Products, Alinorm 05/28/18.
9. Dechraoui M.Y., Naar J., Pauillac S., and Legrand A.M. Ciguatoxins and brevetoxins, neurotoxic polyether compounds active on sodium channels. Toxicon 37 1 (1999) 125-143
10. EU/SANCO, 2001. Report of the meeting of the working group on toxicology of DSP and AZP 21-23rd May 2001, Brussels.
11. Fleming, L.E., Bean, J.A., Baden, D.G., 1995. Epidemiology of toxic marine phytoplankton. In: UNESCO-IOC Manual on Harmful Marine Phytoplankton #33.
12. Fleming L.E., Bean J.A., Katz D., and Hammond R. The epidemiology of seafood poisoning. Hui, Kits, Stanfield. Seafood and Environmental Toxins (2001), Marcel Dekker pp. 287-310
13. Fleming, L.E., Backer, L., Rowan, A., 2002. The epidemiology of human illnesses associated with harmful algal blooms. In: Neurotoxicology Handbook, vol. 1.
14. Gully, M., Kuiper-Goodman, T., 2004. Risk assessment of pectenotoxins. Unpublished report, Chemical Health Hazard Assessment Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
15. Hughes J.M., and Merson M.H. Current concepts fish and shellfish poisoning. N. Engl. J. Med. 295 11 (1976) 1117-1120
16. International Labor Organization (ILO)-United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)-World Health Organization (WHO), 1984. Aquatic (Marine and Freshwater) Biotoxins. Environmental Health Criteria 37. WHO-ILO, Geneva. Available from: .
17. Ito E., Satake M., Ofuji K., Higashi M., Harigaya K., McMahon T., and Yasumoto T. Chronic effects in mice caused by oral administration of sublethal doses of azaspiracid, a new marine toxin isolated from mussels. Toxicon 40 (2002) 193-203
18. JMPR, 2002. Further guidance on derivation of the ARfD. Pesticide residues in food - 2002. Report of the JMPR 2002, FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 172, FAO, Rome, pp. 4-8.
19. Keynes R.D. Ion channels in the nerve cell membrane. Sci. Am. 240 (1979) 125-135
20. Miles C.O., Wilkins A.L., Munday R., Dines M.H., Hawkes A.D., Briggs L.R., Sandvik M., Jensen D.J., Cooney J.M., Holland P.T., Quilliam M.A., MacKenzie A.L., Beuzenberg V., and Towers N.R. Isolation of pectenotoxin-2 from Dinophysis acuta and its conversion to pectenotoxin-2-seco acid, and preliminary assessment of their acute toxicities. Toxicon 43 (2004) 1-9
21. Miles C.O., Wilkins A.L., Hawkes A.D., Selwood A., Jensen D.J., Aasen J., Munday R., Samdal I.A., Briggs L.R., Beuzenberg V., and MacKenzie A.L. Isolation of a 1,3-enone isomer of heptanor-41-oxoyessotoxin from Protoceratium reticulatum cultures. Toxicon 44 (2004) 325-336
22. Miles C.O., Wilkins A.L., Hawkes A.D., Selwood A., Jensen D.J., Munday R., and Beuzenberg V. Polyhydroxylated amide analogs of yessotoxin from Protoceratium reticulatum. Toxicon 45 (2005) 61-71
23. Munday R., Towers N.R., Mackenzie L., Beuzenberg V., Holland P.T., and Miles C.O. Acute toxicity of gymnodimine to mice. Toxicon 44 (2004) 173-178
24. Munday, R., MacKinnon, S., LeBlanc, P., Quilliam, M.A., 2004b. Unpublished observations, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand and Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
25. Murata M., Kumagai M., Lee J.S., and Yasumoto T. Isolation and structure of yessotoxin, a novel polyether compound implicated in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. Tetrahedron Lett. 28 (1987) 5869-5872
26. Ofuji K., Satake M., McMahon T., Silke J., James K.J., Naoki H., Oshima Y., and Yasumoto T. Two analogs of azaspiracid isolated from mussels, Mytilus edulis, involved in human intoxication in Ireland. Nat. Toxins 7 (1999) 99-102
27. Ofuji K., Satake M., Oshima Y., McMahon T., James K.J., and Yasumoto T. A sensitive and specific method for azaspiracids by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Nat. Toxins 7 (1999) 247-250
28. Ofuji K., Satake M., McMahon T., James K.J., Naoki H., Oshima Y., and Yasumoto T. Structures of azaspiracid analogs, azaspiracid-4 and azaspiracid-5, causative toxins of azaspiracid poisoning in Europe. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 65 (2001) 740-742
29. Perl T.M., Bédard L., Kosatsky T., Hockin J.C., Todd E.C.D., and Remis R.S. An outbreak of toxic encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid. N. Engl. J. Med. 322 (1990) 1775-1780
30. Perl T.M., Bedard L., Kosatsky T., Hockin J.C., Todd E.C., McNutt L.A., and Remis R.S. Amnesic shellfish poisoning: a new clinical syndrome due to domoic acid. Can. Dis. Wkly. Rep. 16 Suppl. 1E (1990) 7-8
31. Poli M.A., Musser S.M., Dickey R.W., Eilers P.P., and Hall S. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and brevetoxin metabolites: a case study from Florida. Toxicon 38 7 (2000) 981-993
32. Prakash A., Medcof J.C., and Tennaut A.D. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning in Eastern Canada 177 (1971), Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Bull 87p.
33. Satake M., MacKenzie L., and Yasumoto T. Identification of Protoceratium reticulatum as the biogenetic origin of yessotoxin. Nat. Toxins 5 4 (1997) 164-167
34. Satake, M., Ofuji, K., James, K.J., Furey, A., Yasumoto, T., 1998a. New toxic event caused by Irish mussels. In: Reguera, B. et al. (Eds.). Harmful algae. Proceedings of the VIII International Conference on Harmful Algae; 1997 June 25-29; Vigo, Spain, pp. 468-469.
35. Satake M., Ofuji K., Naoki H., James K.J., Furey A., McMahon T., Silke J., and Yasumoto T. Azaspiracid, a new marine toxin having unique Spiro Ring assemblies, isolated from Irish Mussels, Mytilus edulis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 9967-9968
36. Teitelbaum J.S., Zatorre R.J., Carpenter S., Gendron D., Evans A.C., Gjedde A., and Cashman N.R. Neurologic sequelae of domoic acid intoxication due to the ingestion of contaminated mussels. N. Engl. J. Med. 322 (1990) 1781-1787
37. Todd E.C.D. Amnesic shellfish poisoning - a new toxin syndrome. In: Granéli E., Sundström B., Edler L., and Anderson D.M. (Eds). Toxic Marine Phytoplankton (1990), Elsevier Science Publishing, New York 504-508
38. Todd, K. 2002. A review of NSP monitoring in New Zealand in support of a new programme. Cawthron Report No. 660, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.
39. Truelove J., Mueller R., Pulido O., Martin L., Fernie S., and Iverson F. 30-Day oral toxicity study of domoic acid in cynomolgus monkeys: lack of overt toxicity at doses approaching the acute toxic dose. Nat. Toxins 5 3 (1997) 111-114
40. Tubaro A., Sosa S., Carbonatto M., Altinier G., Vita F., Melato M., Satake M., and Yasumoto T. Oral and intraperitoneal acute toxicity studies of yessotoxin and homoyessotoxins in mice. Toxicon 41 7 (2003) 783-792
41. US Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN, Office of Seafood. Fish and Fisheries Products Hazards and Control Guide. third ed. (2001), US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville pp. 74
42. Xi D., Peng Y.G., and Ramsdell J.S. Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin to neonatal rats. Nat. Toxins 5 2 (1997) 74-79
43. Yasumoto T., Murata M., Lee J.S., and Torigoe K. Polyether toxins produced by dinoflagellates. In: Natori S., Hashimoto K., and Ueno Y. (Eds). "Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins, 88" (1989), Elsevier, Amsterdam 375-382