SF-36 total score as a single measure of health-related quality of life: Scoping review

SAGE Open Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue , 2016, Pages

  Lins, Liliane ^a   Carvalho, Fernando Martins ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF BAHIA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Bias (epidemiology); Epidemiology public health; Health status indicators; Medical ethics; Quality of life; Questionnaires

Indexed keywords

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE; DATA COLLECTION METHOD; HUMAN; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE; SCORING SYSTEM; SHORT FORM 36; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 85104679873     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20503121     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2050312116671725     Document Type: Review

References (201)

1. Kleiman DL and Vallas SP. Science, capitalism, and the rise of the “knowledge worker”: the changing structure of knowledge production in the United States. Theor Soc 2001; 30: 451–492.
2. OPTUM. Scoring services, http://www.webcitation.org/ 6cfeMyJiW (accessed 30 October 2015).
3. Saris-Baglama RN, Dewey CJ, Chisholm GB, et al. QualityMetric health outcomes™ scoring software 4.0. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated, 2010, p. 138.
4. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed (accessed 30 October 2015).
5. Optum. SF-36 health survey, http://www.webcitation.org/6cfdiZOJI (accessed 30 October 2015).
6. SF-36.org. FAQ: is there one summary score that is a combined score for the various subscales in the SF-36® so that a single score could be used for each patient? http://www.webcitation.org/6cfeefPkf (accessed 30 October 2015).
7. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000097.
8. Arksey H and O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol 2005; 8: 19–32.
9. Asnani MR, Lipps GE and Reid ME. Utility of WHOQOLBREF in measuring quality of life in Sickle Cell Disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2009; 7: 75.
10. Moura A, Madureira J, Alija P, et al. Predictors of healthrelated quality of life perceived by end-stage renal disease patients under online hemodiafiltration. Qual Life Res. Epub ahead of print 8 November 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0854-x.
11. Pekmezovic T, Popovic A, Tepavcevic DK, et al. Factors associated with health-related quality of life among Belgrade University students. Qual Life Res 2011; 20: 391–397.
12. Akashiba T, Kawahara S, Akahoshi T, et al. Relationship between quality of life and mood or depression in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 2002; 122: 861–865.
13. Alishiri GH, Bayat N, Salimzadeh A, et al. Health-related quality of life and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16: 897–903.
14. Ayoub AM and Hijjazi KH. Quality of life in dialysis patients from the United Arab Emirates. J Family Community Med 2013; 20: 106–112.
15. Beberashvili I, Sinuani I, Azar A, et al. Serum uric acid as a clinically useful nutritional marker and predictor of outcome in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Nutrition 2015; 31: 138–147.
16. Birring SS, Prudon B, Carr AJ, et al. Development of a symptom specific health status measure for patients with chronic cough: Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Thorax 2003; 58: 339–343.
17. Bouman EA, Theunissen M, Bons SA, et al. Reduced incidence of chronic postsurgical pain after epidural analgesia for abdominal surgery. Pain Pract 2014; 14: E76–E84.
18. Buemi M, Caccamo C, Floccari C, et al. Correlation between quality of life assessment and a personality neurobiologic model in dialyzed patients. J Nephrol 2003; 16: 895–902.
19. Cabral DL, Laurentino GEC, Damascena CG, et al. Comparisons of the Nottingham Health Profile and the SF-36 health survey for the assessment of quality of life in individuals with chronic stroke. Rev Bras Fisioter 2012; 16: 301–308.
20. Canetti L, Elizur Y, Karni Y, et al. Health-related quality of life changes and weight reduction after bariatric surgery vs. a weight-loss program. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2013; 50: 194–200.
21. Heller B and Tarricone R. Oxaprozin versus diclofenac in NSAID-refractory periarthritis pain of the shoulder. Curr Med Res Opin 2004; 20: 1279–1290.
22. Keuthen NJ, Dougherty DD, Franklin ME, et al. Quality of life and functional impairment in individuals with trichotillomania. J Appl Res 2004; 4: 186–197.
23. Lee JS, Shin JK, Son SM, et al. Validation of the quality-oflife questionnaire of the European foundation for osteoporosis (QUALEFFO-26) in Korean population. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34: 919–927.
24. Lee JS, Suh KT, Kim JI, et al. Validation of the Korean version of the neck pain and disability scale. Asian Spine J 2013; 7: 178–183.
25. Mamani M, Majzoobi MM, Ghahfarokhi SM, et al. Assessment of health-related quality of life among patients with tuberculosis in Hamadan, Western Iran. Oman Med J 2014; 29: 102–105.
26. Monticone M, Baiardi P, Nido N, et al. Development of the Italian version of the neck pain and disability scale NPDS-I: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. Spine 2008; 33: E429–E434.
27. Noohi S, Karami GR, Lorgard-Dezfuli-Nejad M, et al. Are all domains of quality of life poor among elderly kidney recipients? Transplant Proc 2007; 39: 1079–1081.
28. Peric S, Stojanovic VR, Basta I, et al. Influence of multisystemic affection on health-related quality of life in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115: 270–275.
29. Queen RM D, Sparling TL, Butler RJ, et al. Patient-reported outcomes function, and gait mechanics after fixed and mobile-bearing total ankle replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014; 96: 987–993.
30. Rakhshani T, Shojaiezadeh D, Lankarani KB, et al. The association of health-promoting lifestyle with quality of life among the Iranian elderly. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16: e18404.
31. Rathod R, Baig MS, Khandelwal PN, et al. Results of a single blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to study the effect of intravenous L-carnitine supplementation on health-related quality of life in Indian patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Indian J Med Sci 2006; 80: 143–153.
32. Sakkas GK, Karatzaferi C, Zintzaras E, et al. Liver fat, visceral adiposity, and sleep disturbances contribute to the development of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in nondiabetic dialysis patients. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295: R1721–R1729.
33. Silva SA, Passos SLR, Carballo MT, et al. Quality of life assessment after acute coronary syndrome: systematic review. Arq Bras Cardiol 2011; 97: 526–540.
34. Tuchner M, Meiner Z, Parush S, et al. Relationships between sequelae of injury, participation, and quality of life in survivors of terrorist attacks. OTJR 2010; 30: 29–38.
35. Vukojevic Z, Pekmezovic T, Nikolic A, et al. Correlation of clinical and neurophysiological findings with health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Vojnosanit Pregl 2014; 71: 833–838.
36. Wokhlu A, Monahan KH, Hodge DOI, et al. Long-term quality of life after ablation of atrial fibrillation the impact of recurrence, symptom relief, and placebo effect. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 2308–2316.
37. Rodrigues GH, Gebara OC, Gerbi CC, et al. Depression as a clinical determinant of dependence and low quality of life in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. Arq Bras Cardiol 2014; 104: 443–449.
38. Almeida OP, Lautenschlager NT, Vasikaran S, et al. A 20-week randomized controlled trial of estradiol replacement therapy for women aged 70 years and older: effect on mood, cognition and quality of life. Neurobiol Aging 2006; 27: 141–149.
39. Andersen BL, Woods XA and Copeland LJ. Sexual selfschema and sexual morbidity among gynecologic cancer survivors. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997; 65: 221–229.
40. Assari S, Lankarani MM and Khodabakhsh A. Comorbidity influences multiple aspects of well-being of patients with ischemic heart disease. Int Cardiovasc Res J 2013; 7: 118–123.
41. Assari S, Soroush MR, Vishteh HRK, et al. Marital relationship and its associated factors in veterans exposed to high dose chemical warfare agents. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2008; 2: 69–74.
42. Ayoub A, Nelson K, Wood P, et al. The relationship between laboratory values and quality of life of dialysis patients in the United Arab Emirates. Renal Soc Australas J 2014; 10: 12–20.
43. Bailie GR. Efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in correcting iron-deficiency anemia: a review of randomized controlled trials across different indications. Arzneimittelforschung 2010; 60: 386–398.
44. Bakhtiari M, Falaknazi K, Lotfi M, et al. The relationship between Personality Traits, Anxiety and Depression, in Life Quality of patients under treatment by Hemodialysis (HD). Nov Biomed 2013; 1: 1–7.
45. Baldini M, Colasanti A, Orsatti A, et al. Neuropsychological functions and metabolic aspects in subclinical hypothyroidism: the effects of L-thyroxine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33: 854–859.
46. Barbat-Artigas S, Filion ME, Dupontgand S, et al. Effects of tai chi training in dynapenic and nondynapenic postmenopausal women. Menopause 2011; 18: 974–979.
47. Bar-Ziv Y, Beer Y, Ran Y, et al. A treatment applying a biomechanical device to the feet of patients with knee osteoarthritis results in reduced pain and improved function: a prospective controlled study. BMC Muscoskel Disord 2010; 11: 179.
48. Baskov AV, Borshchenko IA, Shekhter AB, et al. Long term clinical results in laser reconstruction of spine discs. J Spine 2015; 4: 210.
49. Berner E, Qvigstad E, Myrvold AK, et al. Pain reduction after total laparoscopic hysterectomy and laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy among women with dysmenorrhoea: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2015; 122: 1102–1111.
50. Bilgic A, Akman B, Sezer S, et al. Daytime sleepiness and quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial 2011; 15: 565–571.
51. Bross R, Zitterkoph J, Pithia J, et al. Association of serum total iron-binding capacity and its changes over time with nutritional and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 2009; 9: 571–581.
52. Calvet X, Gallardo O, Coronas R, et al. Remission on thiopurinic immunomodulators normalizes quality of life and psychological status in patients with Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006; 12: 692–699.
53. Cookson MS, Dutta SC, Chang SS, et al. Health related quality of life in patients treated with radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: development and validation of a new disease specific questionnaire. J Urol 2003; 170: 1926–1930.
54. Daenen L, Nijs J, Roussel N, et al. Sensorimotor incongruence exacerbates symptoms in patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders: an experimental study. Rheumatology 2012; 51: 1492–1499.
55. Dalat F, Trouillet F, Fessy MH, et al. Comparison of quality of life following total ankle arthroplasty and ankle arthrodesis: retrospective study of 54 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2014; 100: 761–766.
56. Davis AH, Figueredo AJ, Fahy BF, et al. Reliability and validity of the Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart Lung 2007; 36: 205–216.
57. Deary IJ, Wilson JA, Carding PN, et al. The dysphonic voice heard by me, you and it: differential associations with personality and psychological distress. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2003; 28: 374–378.
58. Debi R, Mor A, Segal G, et al. Correlation between single limb support phase and self-evaluation questionnaires in knee osteoarthritis populations. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 33: 1103–1109.
59. Demirel R, Genc A, Ucok K, et al. Do patients with mild to moderate psoriasis really have a sedentary lifestyle? Int J Dermatol 2013; 52: 1129–1134.
60. Desmarchelier R, Besse J-L, Fessy M-H, et al. Scarf osteotomy versus metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis in forefoot first ray disorders: comparison of functional outcomes. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2012; 98(6 suppl): 77S–84S.
61. Di Donato N, Montanari G, Benfenati A, et al. The impact of socioeconomic and anamnestic characteristics on quality of life and sexual function in women with endometriosis. J Endometr Pelvic Pain Disord 2013; 5: 159–165.
62. Di Maio S and Akagami R. Prospective comparison of quality of life before and after observation, radiation, or surgery for vestibular schwannomas. J Neurosurg 2009; 111: 855–862.
63. Diamond A and Jankovic J. The effect of deep brain stimulation on quality of life in movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 1188–1193.
64. Doria A, Rinaldi S, Ermani M, et al. Health-related quality of life in Italian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. II. Role of clinical, immunological and psychological determinants. Rheumatology 2004; 43: 1580–1586.
65. Dowson AJ, Tepper SJ, Baos V, et al. Identifying patients who require a change in their current acute migraine treatment: the Migraine Assessment of Current Therapy (Migraine ACT) Questionnaire. Curr Med Res Opin 2004; 20: 1125–1135.
66. Drapier S, Raoul S, Drapier D, et al. Only physical aspects of quality of life are significantly improved by bilateral subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 2005; 252: 583–588.
67. Drexler M, Segal G, Lahad A, et al. A non-invasive footworn biomechanical device for patients with hip osteoarthritis. Surg: Curr Res 2013; 3: 153.
68. Elbaz A, Mor A, Segal G, et al. APOS therapy improves clinical measurements and gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Biomech 2010; 25: 920–925.
69. El-Salhy M, Lillebø E, Reinemo A, et al. Effects of a health program comprising reassurance, diet management, probiotics administration and regular exercise on symptoms and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Insights 2010; 2: 21–26.
70. Fabbri M, Superbo M, Defazio G, et al. Quality of life in patients with craniocervical dystonia: italian validation of the “Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile (CDIP-58)” and the “Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire (CDQ-24).” Neurol Sci 2014; 35: 1053–1058.
71. George A, Wilson D, Abas A, et al. Safety and efficacy of a Labisia pumila var alata water extract on sexual well being and lipid profile of pre- and postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind pilot study. Afr J Biotechnol 2014; 13: 768–777.
72. Gilron I, Bailey JM, Tu D, et al. Nortriptyline and gabapentin, alone and in combination for neuropathic pain: a doubleblind, randomised controlled crossover trial. Lancet 2009; 374: 1252–1261.
73. Golish SR, Hanna LS, Bowser RP, et al. Outcome of lumbar epidural steroid injection is predicted by assay of a complex of fibronectin and aggrecan from epidural lavage. Spine 2011; 36: 1–6.
74. Guermazi M, Allouch C, Yahia M, et al. Translation in Arabic, adaptation and validation of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Tunisia. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2012; 5: 388–403.
75. Gupta R, Abosala A, Lovell M, et al. Does the ability of a patient to perform straight leg raise early postoperatively affect the outcome of total knee replacement? Internet J Orthop Surg 2008; 11: 1–7.
76. Halpern J, Cohen M, Kennedy G, et al. Yoga for improving sleep quality and quality of life for older adults. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 20: 37–46.
77. Harts CC, Helmhout PH, Bie RA, et al. A high-intensity lumbar extensor strengthening program is little better than a low-intensity program or a waiting list control group for chronic low back pain: a randomised clinical trial. Aust J Physiother 2008; 54: 23–31.
78. Hassan IS, Bannister BA, Akbar A, et al. A study of the immunology of the chronic fatigue syndrome: correlation of immunologic parameters to health dysfunction. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 87: 60–67.
79. Herman A, Chechik O, Segal G, et al. The correlation between radiographic knee OA and clinical symptoms: do we know everything? Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34: 1955–1960.
80. Hwang H. Quality of life and surgical outcomes following laparoscopic surgery for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in a regional hospital. Can J Surg 2012; 55: 41–45.
81. Jarema M and Konieczynska Z. Quality of life in schizophrenia: impact of psychopathology, patient’s gender and antipsychotic treatment. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2001; 5: 19–26.
82. Josbeno DA, Jakicic JM, Hergenroeder A, et al. Physical activity and physical function changes in obese individuals after gastric bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2010; 6: 361–366.
83. Judson MA, Highland KB, Kwon S, et al. Ambrisentan for sarcoidosis associated pulmonary hypertension. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2011; 28: 139–145.
84. Kerr JR, Petty R, Burke B, et al. Gene expression subtypes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Infect Dis 2008; 197: 1171–1184.
85. Kerr JR, Burke B, Petty R, et al. Seven genomic subtypes of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a detailed analysis of gene networks and clinical phenotypes. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61: 730–739.
86. Kerr JR. Gene profiling of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2008; 10: 482–491.
87. Keynan O, Mirovsky Y, Dekel S, et al. Safety and efficacy of dietary agmatine sulfate in lumbar disc-associated radiculopathy. An open-label, dose-escalating study followed by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain Med 2010; 11: 356–368.
88. Koh MJ, Park SY, Park EJ, et al. The effect of education on decreasing the prevalence and severity of neck and shoulder pain: a longitudinal study in Korean male adolescents. Korean J Anesthesiol 2014; 67: 198–204.
89. Krokavcova M, Nagyova I, Rosenberger J, et al. Employment status and perceived health status in younger and older people with multiple sclerosis. Int J Rehabil Res 2012; 35: 40–47.
90. Kwiatkowski F, Mouret-Reynier MA, Duclos M, et al. Long term improved quality of life by a 2-week group physical and educational intervention shortly after breast cancer chemotherapy completion. Results of the “Programme of Accompanying women after breast Cancer treatment completion in Thermal resorts” (PACThe) randomised clinical trial of 251 patients. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49: 1530–1538.
91. Kwon JW, Moon JY, Kim SH, et al. Reliability and validity of a korean version of the leicester cough questionnaire. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015; 7: 230–233.
92. Löhle M, Hughes D, Milligan A, et al. Clinical prodromes of neurodegeneration in Anderson-Fabry disease. Neurology 2015; 84: 1454–1464.
93. Mabrouk M, Frascà C, Geraci E, et al. Combined oral contraceptive therapy in women with posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18: 470–474.
94. Mabrouk M, Montanari G, Guerrini M, et al. Does laparoscopic management of deep infiltrating endometriosis improve quality of life? A prospective study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2011; 9: e98.
95. Maisto SA, Conigliaro J, McNeil M, et al. An empirical investigation of the factor structure of the AUDIT. Psychol Assess 2000; 12: 346–353.
96. Malekahmadi MR, Rahimzadeh S, Dezfuli Nejad ML, et al. Importance of socioeconomic, clinical, and psychological factors on health-related quality of life in adolescents after kidney transplant. Exp Clin Transplant 2011; 9: 50–55.
97. Maleki I, Taghvaei T, Barzin M, et al. Validation of the Persian version of the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) in ulcerative colitis patients. Caspian J Intern Med 2015; 6: 20–24.
98. Manocha R, Black D and Wilson L. Quality of life and functional health status of long-term meditators. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012: 350674.
99. MasoudRayyani LM, Forouzi MA and Razban F. Self-care self-efficacy and quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis in South-East of Iran. Asian J Nur Edu Res 2014; 4: 165–171.
100. McConnell S, Kolopack P and Davis AM. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC): a review of its utility and measurement properties. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 45: 453–461.
101. Meijer JM, Meiners PM, Vissink A, et al. Effectiveness of rituximab treatment in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62: 960–968.
102. Min M-H, Choi Y-G, Kim Y-J, et al. The Effect of Sa-am acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis. J Meridian Acupoint 2009; 26: 53–66.
103. Mohammadi N, Kian S, Davoudi F, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the quality of life in epilepsy inventory-31. Iran J Neurol 2013; 12: 144–148.
104. Mutlu B, Paker N, Bugdayci D, et al. Efficacy of supervised exercise combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in women with fibromyalgia: a prospective controlled study. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33: 649–655.
105. Neziri AY, Scaramozzino P, Andersen OK, et al. Reference values of mechanical and thermal pain tests in a pain-free population. Eur J Pain 2011; 15: 376–383.
106. Ozturk O, Yalcin BM and Unal M. The quality of life difference between smoker and non smoker rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis patients. J Addiction Res Ther 2014; 5:1–6.
107. Paker N, Tekdös D, Kesitas N, et al. Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of TENS versus intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomized study. Adv Ther 2006; 23: 342–353.
108. Rambod M, Bross R, Zitterkoph J, et al. Association of Malnutrition-Inflammation Score with quality of life and mortality in hemodialysis patients: a 5-year prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53: 298–309.
109. Ren WH, Lai M, Chen Y, et al. Validation of the mainland Chinese version of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13: 903–907.
110. Rousseau MC, Pietra S, Nadji M, et al. Evaluation of quality of life in complete locked-in syndrome patients. J Palliat Med 2013; 16: 1455–1458.
111. Salaffi F, Leardini G, Canesi B, et al. Reliability and validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index in Italian patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003; 11: 551–560.
112. Salaffi F, Carotti M and Grassi W. Health-related quality of life in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis: comparison of generic and disease-specific instruments. Clin Rheumatol 2005; 24: 29–37.
113. Sañudo B, Galiano D, Carrasco L, et al. Aerobic exercise versus combined exercise therapy in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 91: 1838–1843.
114. Scuderi GJ, Cuellar JM, Cuellar VG, et al. Epidural interferon gamma-immunoreactivity: a biomarker for lumbar nerve root irritation. Spine 2009; 34: 2311–2317.
115. Söderman P and Malchau H. Validity and reliability of Swedish WOMAC osteoarthritis index: a self-administered disease-specific questionnaire (WOMAC) versus generic instruments (SF-36 and NHP). Acta Orthop Scand 2000; 71: 39–46.
116. Lahariya C, Khandekar J and Pradhan SK. Effect of impairment and disability on health-related quality of life of elderly: a community-based study from urban India. Indian J Community Med 2012; 37: 223–226.
117. Themistocleous GS, Goudelis G, Kyrou I, et al. Translation into Greek, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH). J Hand Ther 2006; 19: 350–357.
118. Tsonga T, Kapetanakis S, Papadopoulos C, et al. Evaluation of improvement in quality of life and physical activity after total knee arthroplasty in greek elderly women. Open Orthop J 2011; 5: 343–347.
119. Tuchner M, Meiner Z, Parush S, et al. Health-related quality of life two years after injury due to terrorism. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2010; 47: 269–275.
120. Ünal H, Yildirim D and İrez BG. A study in terms of social marketing approach: the effects of physical activity on quality of life in elderly. J Phys Educ Sport Sci 2014; 8: 83–92.
121. Vandoninck V, Van Balken MR, Agró EF, et al. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of urge incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 2003; 22: 17–23.
122. Vercammen A, Morris R, Green MJ, et al. Reduced neural activity of the prefrontal cognitive control circuitry during response inhibition to negative words in people with schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2012; 37: 379–388.
123. Wallace DM, Shafazand S, Ramos AR, et al. Insomnia characteristics and clinical correlates in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study. Sleep Med 2011; 12: 85085–85089.
124. Waters F, Naik N and Rock D. Sleep, fatigue, and functional health in psychotic patients. Schizophr Res Treat 2013; 2013: 1-8.
125. Wu SY, Li HY, Tian J, et al. Health-related quality of life and its main related factors among nurses in China. Ind Health 2011; 49: 158–165.
126. Xu J, Lin H, Feng X, et al. Different therapeutic approaches on quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14: 199.
127. Yalcinkaya H, Ucok K, Ulasli AM, et al. Do male and female patients with chronic neck pain really have different healthrelated physical fitness, depression, anxiety and quality of life parameters? Int J Rheum Dis. Epub ahead of print 9 May 2014. DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12389.
128. Yekta Z, Pourali R and Ghasemi-Rad M. Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics influencing healthrelated quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and those without foot ulcers. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2011; 4: 393–399.
129. Lee SW, Chang C-S, Lien H-C, et al. Impact of overlapping functional gastrointestinal disorders on the presentation and quality of life of patients with erosive esophagitis and nonerosive reflux disease. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24: 491–495.
130. Borg T, Hernefalk B, Carlsson M, et al. Development of a pelvic discomfort index to evaluate outcome following fixation for pelvic ring injury. J Orthop Surg 2015; 23: 146–149.
131. Demircioglu DT, Paker N, Erbil E, et al. The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on functional status and quality of life after knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled study. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27: 2501–2506.
132. Benda NMM, Seeger JPH, Stevens GGCF, et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training versus continuous training on physical fitness, cardiovascular function and quality of life in heart failure patients. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0141256.
133. De Rango P, Verzini F, Parlani G, et al.; Comparison of surveillance vs. Aortic Endografting for Small Aneurysm Repair (CAESAR) Investigators. Quality of life in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm: the effect of early endovascular repair versus surveillance in the CAESAR trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011; 41: 324–331.
134. Link A, Treiber G, Peters B, et al. Impact of endoscopybased research on quality of life in healthy volunteers. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 467–473.
135. Sheikh KA, El-setouhy M, Yagoub U, et al. Khat chewing and health related quality of life: cross-sectional study in Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2014; 12: 44.
136. Pellegrini MJ, Schiff AP, Adams SB Jr, et al. Conversion of tibiotalar arthrodesis to total ankle arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015; 97: 2004–2013.
137. Angthong C. Validity and reliability of Thai version of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score in patients with arthritis of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Surg. Epub ahead of print 13 October 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2015.09.006.
138. Debbi EM, Agar G, Fichman G, et al. Efficacy of methylsulfonylmethane supplementation on osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011; 11: 50.
139. Lioni L, Vlachos K, Letsas KP, et al. Differences in quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and common forms of atrioventricular reentry supraventricular tachycardias. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2014; 14: 250–257.
140. Qin Z, Zhang L, Sun F, et al. The Chinese Parkinson Study Group. Depressive symptoms impacting on health-related quality of life in early Parkinson’s disease: results from Chinese L-dopa exposed cohort. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2009; 111: 733–737.
141. Varma GR, Kusuma YS and Babu BV. Health-related quality of life of elderly living in the rural community and homes for the elderly in a district of India. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 43: 259–263.
142. Aslani J, Mirzamani SM, AzizAbadi-Farahani M, et al. Health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: are disease-specific and generic quality of life measures correlated? Tanaffos 2008; 7: 28–35.
143. Brandes M, Ringling M, Winter C, et al. Changes in physical activity and health-related quality of life during the first year after total knee arthroplasty. Arthritis Care Res 2011; 63: 328–334.
144. Garcia-Peña C, Wagner FA, Sánchez-Garcia S, et al. Depressive symptoms among older adults in Mexico City. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23: 1973–1980.
145. Pinar R. A study on the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the MQOLS-CA2 in people with cancer. Turk J Cancer 2002; 32: 148–163.
146. Polderman MCA, Huizinga TWJ, Le Cessie S, et al. UVA-1 cold light treatment of SLE: a double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60: 112–115.
147. Sañudo B, Carrasco L, de Hoyo M, et al. Effects of exercise training and detraining in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a 3-yr longitudinal study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 91: 561–569.
148. Sañudo B, Hoyo M, Carrasco L, et al. The effect of a 6-week exercise programme and whole body vibration on strength and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia: a randomised study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010; 28: 40S–45S.
149. Berk C, Carr J, Sinden M, et al. Thalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of tremor due to multiple sclerosis: a prospective study of tremor and quality of life. J Neurosurg 2002; 97: 815–820.
150. de Vries M, Ouwendijk R, Kessels AG, et al. Comparison of generic and disease-specific questionnaires for the assessment of quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 2005; 41: 261–268.
151. Su C-T, Ng H-S, Yang A-L, et al. Psychometric evaluation of thr Short Form 36 Health Surveu (SF-36) and the World Health organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) for patients with schizophrenia. Psychol Assess 2014; 26: 980–989.
152. Cusano NE, Rubin MR, McMahon DJ, et al. PTH(1-84) is associated with improved quality of life in hypoparathyroidism through 5 years of therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99: 3694–3699.
153. Kulnigg S, Stoinov S, Simanenkov V, et al. A novel intravenous iron formulation for treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: the ferric carboxymaltose (FERINJECT) randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 1182–1192.
154. Purser JL, Weinberger M, Cohen HJ, et al. Walking speed predicts health status and hospital costs for frail elderly male veterans. J Rehabil Res Dev 2005; 42: 535–546.
155. Ryan NM, Birring SS and Gibson PG. Gabapentin for refractory chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 2012; 380: 1583–1589.
156. Wu GL, Li TY, Fan YS, et al. Therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine for strengthening qi, nourishing yin, and removing stasis on serum osteopontin and quality of life of patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 17: 710–714.
157. Yuhong H, Qian L, Yu L, et al. An n-of-1 trial service in clinical practice: testing the effectiveness of Liuwei Dihuang decoction for kidney-yin deficiency syndrome. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013: 827915.
158. Sahathevan S, Se CH, Ng SH, et al. Assessing protein energy wasting in a Malaysian haemodialysis population using self-reported appetite rating: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16: 99.
159. Bronfort G and Bouter LM. Responsiveness of general health status in chronic low back pain: a comparison of the COOP charts and the SF-36. Pain 1999; 83: 201–209.
160. Kim W, Lim SK, Chung EJ, et al. The effect of cognitive behavior therapy-based psychotherapy applied in a forest environment on physiological changes and remission of major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2009; 6: 245–254.
161. Arefnasab Z, Ghanei M, Noorbala AA, et al. Effect of mindfulness based stress reduction on quality of life (SF-36) and spirometry parameters, in chemically pulmonary injured veterans. Iran J Public Health 2013; 42: 1026–1033.
162. Jensen IB, Bergström G, Ljungquist T, et al. A 3-year follow- up of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for back and neck pain. Pain 2005; 115: 273–283.
163. Cheng SP, Lee JJ, Liu TP, et al. Parathyroidectomy improves symptomatology and quality of life in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 2014; 155: 320–328.
164. DeVine J, Norvell DC, Ecker E, et al. Evaluating the correlation and responsiveness of patient-reported pain with function and quality-of-life outcomes after spine surgery. Spine 2011; 36: 69S–74S.
165. Fallahzadeh H and Mirzaei H. Health-related quality of life and associated factors among Iranian university students. J Community Health Res 2012; 1: 122–130.
166. He JQ, Chan-Yeung M and Carlsten C. Airway hyperresponsiveness and quality of life in Western red cedar asthmatics removed from exposure. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e50774.
167. Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple JD, Block G, et al. Association among SF36 quality of life measures and nutrition, hospitalization, and mortality in hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 797–806.
168. Latas M, Stojkovic T, Ralic T, et al. Medical students’ healthrelated quality of life—a comparative study. Vojnosanit Pregl 2014; 71: 751–756.
169. Angst F, Goldhahn J, Pap G, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the German Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Rheumatology 2007; 46: 87–92.
170. Ariza-Ariza R, Hernández-Cruz B and Navarro-Sarabia F. Physical function and health-related quality of life of Spanish patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 15: 483–487.
171. Beaton DE, Hogg-Johnson S and Bombardier C. Evaluating changes in health status: reliability and responsiveness of five generic health status measures in workers with musculoskeletal disorders. J Clin Epidemiol 1997; 50: 79–93.
172. Boccard SG, Pereira EA, Moir L, et al. Deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex: targeting the affective component of chronic pain. Neuroreport 2014; 22: 83–88.
173. Boi R, Racca L, Cavallero A, et al. Hearing loss and depressive symptoms in elderly patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 440–445.
174. Tidermark J, Bergström G, Svensson O, et al. Responsiveness of the EuroQol (EQ 5-D) and the SF-36 in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. Qual Life Res 2003; 2: 1069–1079.
175. Li R, Louie MK, Lee HJ, et al. Prospective randomized trial of three different methods of nephrostomy tract closure after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. BJU Int 2011; 107: 1660–1665.
176. Vetter TR, Bridgewater CL and McGwin G Jr. An observational study of patients versus parental perceptions of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with a chronic pain condition: who should the clinician believe? Health Qual Life Outcomes 2012; 10: 85.
177. Barnett CT, Vanicek N and Polman RCJ. Temporal adaptations in generic and population-specific quality of life and falls efficacy in men with recent lower-limb amputations. J Rehabil Res Dev 2013; 50: 437–448.
178. Pekmezovic T, Jecmenica-Lukic M, Petrovic I, et al. Quality of life in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: oneyear follow-up. J Neurol 2015; 262: 2042–2048.
179. Md Yusop NB, Yoke Mun C, Shariff ZM, et al. Factors associated with quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Malaysia. PLoS ONE 2013; 8: e84152.
180. Anagnostopoulos F, Niakas D and Pappa E. Construct validation of the Greek SF-36 Health Survey. Qual Life Res 2005; 14: 1959–1965.
181. Kosinski M, Keller SD, Ware JE, et al. The SF-36 health survey as a generic outcome measure in clinical trials of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: relative validity of scales in relation to clinical measures of arthritis severity. Med Care 1999; 37: MS23–MS39.
182. Ware JE and Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992; 30: 473–483.
183. McHorney CA, Ware JE and Raczek AE. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 1993; 31: 247–263.
184. Ware JE. Measuring patients’ views: the optimum outcome measure. BMJ 1993; 306: 1429–1430.
185. Ware JE and Gandek B. Overview of the SF-36 health survey and the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) project. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51: 903–912.
186. Ware JE, Kosinski M and Keller SK. Physical and mental health summary scales. A user’s manual. Boston, MA: The Health Institute, 1994.
187. Hays RD and Sherbourne CD. RAND 36-item health survey 1.0 scoring manual. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 1992.
188. Alonso J, Prieto L and Antó JM. The Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey (the SF-36 health questionnaire): an instrument for measuring clinical results. Med Clin 1995; 104: 771–776 (in Spanish).
189. Ware JE, Snow KK and Kosinski M. SF-36 health survey manual and interpretation guide. Boston, MA: New England Medical Center, The Health Institute, 1997.
190. Brazier J, Usherwood T, Harper R, et al. Deriving a preference- based single index from the UK SF-36 Health Survey. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51: 1115–1128.
191. Brazier JE, Roberts J and Deverill M. The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-36. J Health Econ 2002; 21: 271–292.
192. Zabel R, Ash S, King N, et al. Relationships between appetite and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Appetite 2012; 59: 194–199.
193. Brazier JE, Harper R, Jones NM, et al. Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care. BMJ 1992; 305: 160–164.
194. Ware JE, Snow KK and Kosinski M. The SF-36 health survey manual and interpretation guide. Boston, MA: Nimrod Press, 1993.
195. Strand V, Crawford B, Singh J, et al. Use of “spydergrams” to present and interpret SF-36 health-related quality of life data across rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 1800–1804.
196. Li L, Wang W and Shen Y. Chinese SF-36 Health Survey: translation, cultural adaptation, validation, and normalisation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57: 259–263.
197. Taft C, Karlsson J and Sullivan M. Do SF-36 summary component scores accurately summarize subscale scores? Qual Life Res 2001; 10: 395–404.
198. Farivar SS, Cunningham WE and Hays RD. Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 Health Survey, V.I. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2007; 5: 54.
199. Anagnostopoulos F, Niakas D and Tountas Y. Comparison between exploratory factor-analytic and SEM-based approaches to constructing SF-36 summary scores. Qual Life Res 2009; 18: 53–63.
200. Grassi M and Nucera A; European Community Respiratory Health Study Quality of Life Working Group. Dimensionality and summary measures of the SF-36 v1.6: comparison of scale- and item-based approach across ECRHS II adults population. Value Health 2010; 13: 469–478.
201. Porta M (ed.) A dictionary of epidemiology. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 180–181.