Education for Intercultural Citizenship: Concepts and Comparisons

Education for Intercultural Citizenship: Concepts and Comparisons

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-254

  Alred, Geof ^b   Byram, Michael ^a   Fleming, Mike ^b  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85062838266     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (360)

1. Adler, P.S. (1975) The transitional experience: An alternative view of culture shock. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 15 (4), 13-23.
2. Alred, G., Byram, M. and Fleming, M. (eds) (2003) Intercultural Experience and Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
3. Anderson, B. (1991) Imagined Communities (2nd edn). London: Verso.
4. Arthur, J. and Wright, D. (2003) Teaching Citizenship in the Secondary School. London: David Fulton.
5. Arthur, J., Davison, J. and Stow, W. (2000) Social Literacy. Citizenship Education and the National Curriculum. London: Routledge.
6. Audigier, F. (1998) Basic Concepts and Core Competences of Education for Democratic Citizenship. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
7. Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
8. Bandura, A. and Walters, R. (1963) Social Learning and Personality Development. London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
9. Banks, J.A. and Lynch, J. (eds) (1986) Multicultural Education in Western Societies. London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
10. Barber, B.R. (1998) A Passion for Democracy. American Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
11. Barber, B.R. and Battistoni, R.M. (1999) Education for Democracy. A Sourcebook for Students and Teachers. Dubuque: Kendal.
12. Barnard, C. (2003) Language, Ideology, and Japanese History Textbooks. London:RoutledgeCurzon.
13. Barth, F. (1969) Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: Social Organization of Culture Differences. London: Allen and Unwin.
14. Bauer, R. (1984) The Hong Kong Cantonese speech community. Language Learning and Communication 3 (3), 289-315.
15. Beacco, J.C. and Byram, M. (2003) Guide for the Development of Language Education Policies in Europe: From Linguistic Diversity to Plurilingual Education. Council of Europe, Strasbourg: Language Policy Division.
16. Beck, U. (2002) The cosmopolitan society and its enemies. Theory, Culture and Society 19 (1-2), 17-44.
17. Befu, H. (2001) The Hegemony of Homogeneity. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.
18. Ben-Rafael, E. (1994) Language, Identity, and Social Division: The Case of Israel. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
19. Berger, P. and Luckmann, T. (1966) The Social Construction of Reality. Penguin:Harmondsworth.
20. Berlin, I. (1990) The Cracked Timber of Humanity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
21. Beutel, W. and Fauser, P. (eds) (2001) Erfahrene Demokratie. Wie Politik praktisch gelernt werden kann. Opladen: Leske and Budrich.
22. Bhabha, H. (1998) Culture’s in between. In D. Bennett (ed.) Multicultural States:Rethinking Difference and Identity (pp. 29-36). London: Routledge.
23. Billig, M. (1995) Banal Nationalism. London: Sage.
24. Black, G. and Munro, R. (1993) Black Hands of Beijing: Lives of Defiance in China’s Democratic Movement. New York: John Wiley.
25. Blunkett, D. (2001) Politic and Progress: Renewing Democracy and Civil Society. London: Politico’s Publishing.
26. Bolton, K. (2002) Hong Kong English: Autonomy and creativity. In K. Bolton (ed.) Hong Kong English: Autonomy and Creativity (pp. 1-25). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
27. Bottery, M. (2003) The end of citizenship? The nation-state, threats to its legitimacy, and citizenship, and citizenship education in the twenty-first century. Cambridge Educational Journal 33 (1), 101-122.
28. Bourdieu, P. (1977) The economics of linguistic exchanges. Social Science Information 16 (6), 645-668.
29. Bredella, L. (2001) Literarisches und interkulturelles Verstehen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
30. Bredella, L. (2003) Afterword: What does it mean to be intercultural. In G. Alred, M. Byram and M. Fleming (eds) Intercultural Experience and Education (pp. 225-239). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
31. Breidbach, S. (2003) Plurilingualism, Democratic Citizenship in Europe and the Role of English. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
32. Breit, G. and Schiele, S. (eds) (2002) Demokratie-Lernen als Aufgabe der politischen Bildung. Schwalbach/Ts.: Wochenschau.
33. Brewer, M.B. (1999) Multiple identities and identity transition: implications for Hong Kong. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 23 (2), 187-197.
34. Bruno-Jofré, R. and Jover, R. (2000) Building common spaces: Citizenship and education in Canada and Spain. Encounters on Education 1, 1-8.
35. Byram, M. (1989) Cultural Studies in Foreign Language Education. Clevedon:Multilingual Matters.
36. Byram, M. (1990) Intercultural education and foreign language teaching. World Studies Journal 1 (7), 4-7.
37. Byram, M. (1997) Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
38. Byram, M. (2002) Foreign language education as political and moral education:An essay. Language Learning Journal 26, 43-47.
39. Byram, M. (2003) On being ‘bicultural’ and ‘intercultural’. In G. Alred, M. Byram and M. Fleming (eds) Intercultural Experience and Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
40. Byram, M., Gribkova, B. and Starkey, H. (2002) Developing the Intercultural Dimension in Language Teaching. A Practical Introduction for Teachers. Strasbourg:Council of Europe.
41. Byram, M., Nichols, A. and Stevens, D. (2001) Developing Intercultural Competence in Practice. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
42. Cansdale, J.S. (1969) Cultural problems of Chinese students in a Western-type university. In I.C. Jarvie (ed.) Hong Kong: A Society in Transition; Contributions to the Study of Hong Kong Society (pp. 345-360). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
43. Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong (China) (2002) Population Census 2001: Main Report (Vol.I). Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department.
44. Center for Civic Education, (CCE) (1991) CIVITAS. A Framework for Civic Education. Calabasas: Center of Civic Education.
45. Center for Civic Education (CCE) (1994/2003) National Standards for Civics and Government. Calabasas: Center of Civic Education.
46. Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) (2003) Civic Mission of Schools. New York: CIRCLE.
47. Center of Civic Education (CCE) [by John J. Patrick] (2003a) Teaching Democracy Globally, Internationally, and Comparatively: The 21st-Century Civic Mission of Schools. Calabasas: Center of Civic Education.
48. Center of Civic Education (CCE) (2003b) Res Publica. An International Framework for Education in Democracy. Calabasas: Center of Civic Education.
49. Chan, B.H.S. (2003) How does Cantonese-English code-mixing work. In M.C. Pennington (ed.) Language in Hong Kong at Century’s End (pp. 191-216). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
50. Chen, D.M. (2003) Duoyuan wenhua beijingxia de xuexiao gongmin daode jiaoyu tanxi [An analysis of civic moral education in schools in the milieu of multiculturalism]. Zhaoqing Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Zhaoqing College] 24 (6), 89-92.
51. Chew, J. (1998) Civics and moral education in Singapore: Lessons for citizenship education? Journal of Moral Education 27 (4), 505-524.
52. Choi, P.K. (1990) A search for cultural identity: The students’ movement of the early seventies. In A. Sweeting (ed.) Difference and Identities: Educational Argument in Late Twentieth Century Hong Kong (pp. 81-107). Hong Kong:Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong.
53. Chow, A.W.K. and Mok-Cheung, A.H. (2004) English language teaching in Hong Kong SAR: Tradition, transition, and transformation. In W.K. Ho and R.Y.L. Wong (eds) English Language Teaching in East Asia Today: Changing Policies and Practices (pp. 150-177). Singapore: Eastern Universities Press.
54. Chu, Y.C. (2003) Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self. London; New York: Curzon.
55. Committee on the Promotion of Civic Education (CPCE) (2005) Biennial Opinion Survey on Civic Education (2004). Hong Kong: The Committee.
56. Corbett, J. (2003) An Intercultural Approach to English Language Teaching. Clevedon:Multilingual Matters.
57. Correia, J.A. (1999) As ideologias educativas em Portugal nos últimos 25 anos. Revista Portuguesa de Educaçaõ 12 (1), 81-110.
58. Coulmas, F. (2002) Language policy in modern Japanese education. In J. Tollefson (ed.) Language Policies in Education: Critical Issues. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
59. Crick, B. (1998) Education for citizenship and the teaching of democracy in schools. Final report of the Advisory Group on Citizenship. Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. Imprint London: Qualifications and Curriculum Authority.
60. Crick, B. (2000a) Essays on Citizenship. London: Continuum.
61. Crick, B. (2000b) The citizenship order for schools. In N. Pearce and J. Hallgarten (eds) Tomorrow’s Citizens. Critical Debates in Citizenship and Education (pp. 77-83). London: IPPR.
62. Dai, R. (2002) Bangyang Jiaoyu de Youxiaoxing yu Kexuexing [Effectiveness and scientificity of education by role models]. Jiao Yu Yan Jiu [Educational Research] 23 (8), 17-23.
63. Dewey, J. (1916/1985) Democracy and Education. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
64. Dewey, J. (1916/2000) Demokratie und Erziehung. In J. Oelkers (ed.). Weinheim:Belz.
65. Dewey, J. (1934) Art as Experience. New York: Perigee Books.
66. Dillon, P. and Halstead, J. (2003) Multicultural education. In N. Blake, P. Smeyers, R. Smith and P. Standish (eds) The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Education. Oxford: Blackwell.
67. Domingo, A., Domingo, T. and Feito, L. (2003) Ética 4 Secundaria. Madrid:Ediciones S.M.
68. Donati, P. (1997) El desafío del universalismo en una sociedad multicultural. Revista Internacional de Sociología 17, 7-39.
69. Dönhoff, M. (2001) The freedom shock Eastern Europe. Between hope and concern. In J. Purchla (ed.) From the World of Borders to the World of Horizons (pp. 9-14). Cracow: International Cultural Centre.
70. Dowdle, M. (2002) Constructing citizenship: The NPC as catalyst for political participation. In M. Goldman and E.J. Perry (eds) Changing Meanings of Citizenship in Modern China (pp. 330-352). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
71. Doyé, P. (1992) Fremdsprachenunterricht als Beitrag zu tertiärer Sozialisation. In D. Buttjes, W. Butzkamm and F. Klippel (eds) Neue Brennpunkte des Englischunterrichts. Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang.
72. Doyé, P. (1999) The Intercultural Dimension. Foreign Language Education in the Primary School. Berlin: Cornelsen.
73. Duerr, K. (2000) Education for Democratic Citizenship. Strategies for Learning Democratic Citizenship. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
74. Duerr, K. (2004) The School: A Democratic Learning Community. The All-European Study on Pupils Participation in School. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
75. Dwyer, P. (2004) Understanding Social Citizenship: Themes and Perspectives for Policy and Practice. Bristol: The Policy Press.
76. Eagleton, T. (1983) Literary Theory: An Introduction. London: Basil Blackwell.
77. Eagleton, T. (2003) After Theory. London: Allen Lane.
78. Eaton, M. (2001) Merit, Aesthetic and Ethical. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
79. Edwards, J. (1995) Multiculturalism. London: Penguin Books.
80. Edwards, L., Munn, P. and Fogelman, K. (eds) (1992) Education for Democratic Citizenship in Europe. New Challenges for Secondary Education. Strasbourg:UNESCO.
81. Enslin, P. and White, P. (2003) Democratic citizenship. In N. Blake, P. Smeyers, R. Smith and P. Standish (eds) The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Education. London: Blackwell.
82. European Commission (1995) Teaching and Learning: Towards the Learning Society. Brussels: European Commission.
83. Evans, R.W. (1997) Teaching social studies: Implementing an issue-centered curriculum. In E.W. Ross (ed.) The Social Studies Curriculum (pp. 197-212). Albany: State University of New York Press.
84. Evans, R.W. (2004) The Social Studies War. What Should We Teach the Children? New York: Teachers College Press.
85. Everson, M.C. and Preu, U.K. (1995) Concepts, Foundations, and Limits of European Citizenship. ZERP-Diskussionspapier 2/95. Bremen: Zentrum für Europäische Rechtspolitik an der Universität Bremen.
86. Feng, J.J. (2001) Dangdai, Zhuti Jiaoyu Lun [On Contemporary Subjective Education]. Nanjing: Jiangshu Jiaoyu Chubanshe.
87. Fields, B.A. and Feinberg, W. (2001) Education and Democratic Theory. Finding a Place for Community. Participation in Public School Reform. Albany: State University of New York Press.
88. Figueiredo, C. and Silva, A.S. (2000) Education for Citizenship in the Portuguese Education System (1974-1999). Lisboa: Council of Europe, Ministry of Education.
89. Flecha, R., Puigvert, L, Santos, A. and Soler, M. (2000) Spain. In J. Holford and P. Edirisingha (eds) Citizenship and Governance Education in Europe: A Critical Review of the Literature. Surrey: School of Educational Studies, University of Surrey.
90. Fleming, M. (2003) Intercultural experience and drama. In G. Alred, M. Byram and M. Fleming (eds) Intercultural Experience and Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
91. Fogel, J.A. and Zarrow, P.G. (eds) (1997) Imagining the People: Chinese Intellectuals and the Concept of Citizenship, 1890-1920. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Educación. On WWW at http://www.uv.es/_/jbeltran/ase/textos/zamora.pdf. Accessed 2.04.
92. Frazer, E. (2000) Citizenship education: Antipolitical culture and political education in Britain. Political Studies 48, 88-103.
93. Freire, P. (1972) Pedagogy of the Oppressed (M. Bergman Ramos, trans.) London:Sheed and Ward.
94. Gagel, W. (1994) Geschichte der politischen Bildung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1945-1989. Opladen: Leske and Budrich.
95. Gagel, W. (2000) Einführung in die Didaktik des politischen Unterrichts (2nd edn). Opladen: Leske and Budrich.
96. García, M.A. and Pallol, B. (2002) Ciencias Sociales, Geografía e Historia. Proyecto Zenit Andalucía 2 Secundaria. Madrid: Ediciones SM.
97. Gibbons, J. (1987) Code-Mixing and Code Choice: A Hong Kong Case Study. Clevedon:Multilingual Matters.
98. Gilreath, J. (ed.) (1999) Thomas Jefferson and the Education of a Citizen. Washington:Library of Congress.
99. Gingell, J. (2000) Plato’s ghost: How not to justify the arts. Westminster Studies in Education 23, 71-79.
100. Giroux, H.A. (1983) Theory and Resistance in Education: A Pedagogy for the Opposition. London: Heinemann Educational Books.
101. Giroux, H.A. (1988) Schooling for Democracy. London: Routledge.
102. Gliński, P. (1999) O spol eczeństwie obywatelskim w Polsce: Teoria i praktyka. In D. Gawin (ed.) Homo Eligens. Spol eczeństwo świadomego wyboru. Księga jubileuszowa ku czci Andrzeja Sicińskiego (pp. 111-129). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo IfiS PAN Warszawa.
103. Goh, C.T. (1996) Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong’s introduction to the need for National Education in his Teacher’s Day Rally Speech, 8.9.96. On WWW at http://www.moe.gov.sg/ne/keyspeeches/sep08-96.htm. Accessed 9.2.05.
104. Goh, C.T. (1999) Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong’s speech on ‘Singapore 21' in parliament, 5.5.99, entitled ‘The Singapore Tribe’. On WWW at http:// www.moe.gov.sg/speeches/1999/sp120599a.htm. Accessed 9.2.05.
105. Goh, C.T. (2003) Speech by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong at The Remaking Singapore Report Presentation and Appreciation lunch. On WWWat http:// www.contactsingapore.org.sg/nm/versea_sg/speeches/listPressRelease.jsp. Accessed 9.2.05.
106. Goldman, M. (1994) Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
107. Goldman, M. and Perry, E.J. (eds) (2002) Changing Meanings of Citizenship in Modern China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
108. Gongmin Daode Jianshe Shishi Gangyao [The Implementation Guidelines to Construct Civic Morals of Citizens]. Renmin Ribao [People’s Daily] 24 October 2001.
109. Gongmin Daode Ketizu (2002) Zhongguo Gongmin Daode Shouce [A Handbook of Morals for Chinese Citizens]. Beijing: Hong Qi Chu Ban She.
110. Gopinathan, S. (1997) Singapore Educational Development in a strong developmentalist state: The Singapore experience. In W.K. Cummings and N.F. McGinn (eds) International Handbook of Education and Development: Preparing Schools, Students and Nations for the Twenty-first Century (pp. 587-605). Oxford, England: Elsevier Science.
111. Görlach, M. (2002) Still More Englishes. Amsterdam; Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
112. Grad, J. and Kaczmarek, U. (1999) Organizacja i upowszechnianie kultury w Polsce. Zmiany modelu. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
113. Great Britain: Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (1999) Citizenship. The National Curriculum for England. London: Qualifications and Curriculum Authority.
114. Great Britain: Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (2000a) PSHE and Citizenship. London: Department for Education and Skills.
115. Great Britain: Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (2000b) Schemes of Work. London: Qualifications and Curriculum Authority.
116. Great Britain: Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) (1998) Education for citizenship and the teaching of democracy in schools. Final Report of the Advisory Group on Citizenship. 22 September (aka Crick Report). London:Qualifications and Curriculum Authority.
117. Gribble, J. (1983) Literary Education: A Revaluation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
118. Guilherme, M. (2002) Critical Citizens for an Intercultural World: Foreign Language Education as Cultural Politics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
119. Guilherme, M. (2004) English as a global language and education for cosmopolitan citizenship. In A. Osler and H. Starkey (eds) Citizenship and Language Learning. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books.
120. Gutmann, A. (1999) Democratic Education. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
121. Habermas, J. (1979) Communication and the Evolution of Society (T. McCarthy, trans.) Boston: Beacon Press.
122. Habermas, J. (1994) Citizenship and national identity. In B. van Steenbergen (ed.) The Condition of Citizenship (pp. 20-35). London: Sage.
123. He, R.F. (2001) Dangdai Zhongguo Gongmin Jiazhiguan Jiaoyu de Hexin:Peiyang Geti Guannian [The core of contemporary citizenship education in China: Developing individual consciousness]. Changbei Xuekan 4, 59-61.
124. Heater, D. (2004a) A History of Education for Citizenship. London: Routledge.
125. Heater, D. (2004b) Citizenship: The Civic Ideal in World History, Politics and Education (3rd edn). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
126. Hill, M. and Lian, K.F. (1995) The Politics of Nation Building and Citizenship in Singapore. London and New York: Routledge.
127. Himmelmann, G. (2003) Zukunft, Fachidentität und Standards der politischen Bildung. Unpublished ms. Technische Universität Braunschweig.
128. Himmelmann, G. (2004) Demokratie-Lernen als Lebens-, Gesellschafts- und Herrschaftsform. Schwalbach/Ts: Wochenschau.
129. Hobsbawm, E.J. (1992) Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality (1st edn). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1st edn, 1990).
130. Hoffman, J. (2004) Citizenship beyond the State. London: Sage.
131. Holford, J. and Edirisingha, P. (eds) (2000) Citizenship and Governance Education in Europe: A Critical Review of the Literature. Surrey: School of Educational Studies, University of Surrey.
132. Hong Kong English School Certificate Syndicate (1952-1965) Hong Kong English School Certificate Examinations: Regulations and Syllabuses. Hong Kong: Government Printer.
133. Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (2004) HKCEE Statistics of Entries and Results over the Years. On WWW at http://eant01.hkeaa.edu. hk/hkea/redirector.asp?p_direction_/bodyandp_clickurl_/exam%5Freports% 2Easp%3Fp%5Fexam%3DHKCEE. Accessed 11.5.06.
134. Hong Kong: Curriculum Development Council, Hong Kong (China) (1999) Syllabuses for Secondary Schools: English Language (Secondary 1-5). Hong Kong:Education Department.
135. Hong Kong: Standing Committee on Language Education and Research (2003) Action Plan to Raise Language Standards in Hong Kong: Final Report of Language Education Review. Hong Kong: Standing Committee on Language Education and Research.
136. Hospers, J. (1982) Introductory Readings in Aesthetics. London: Macmillan.
137. Huang, Z.P. (2004) Xinshiqi Xuexiao Daode de Jiben Zouxiang [Basic trends of moral education in the new era]. Jiaoyu Kexue Yanjiu [Education Science Research] 4, 45-47.
138. Ichilov, O. (1998) Conclusion: The challenge of citizenship education in a changing world. In O. Ichilov (ed.) Citizenship and Citizenship Education in a Changing World (pp. 267-273). London and Portland, Oregon: The Woburn Press.
139. Jackson, J. (2002) Cultural identity and language choice: English majors in Hong Kong. In C. Lee and W. Littlewood (eds) Culture, Communication and Language Pedagogy (pp. 37-50). Hong Kong: Language Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University.
140. Jiang Zeming (2002) Jiang Zeming Lun You Zhongguo Tese Shihuizhuyi -Zhuanti Zaibian [Jiang Zeming on Chinese Characteristics of Socialism -Selected Topics]. Beijing: Zhongyang Wenxian Chubanshe [Central Documents Press].
141. Jin, S.H. (2000) Jiaoyu de Douyuan Jiazhi Quxiang yu Gongmin de Peiyang [Multidimensions of educational approaches and development of citizens]. Jiaoyu Lilun yu Shijian [Education Theory and Application] 8, 2-8.
142. Johnson, R.K. (2003) Language and education in Hong Kong. In M.C. Pennington (ed.) Language in Hong Kong at Century’s End (pp. 265-276). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
143. Joseph, J.E. (1997) English in Hong Kong: Emergence and decline. In S. Wright and H. Kelly-Holmes (eds) One Country, Two Systems, Three Languages (pp. 60-73). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
144. Joseph, J.E. (2004) Language and Identity: National, Ethnic, Religious. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.
145. Kaldor, M. (1999) Transnational civil society. In T. Dunne and N. Wheeler (eds) Human Rights in Global Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
146. Kennedy, K. (ed.) (1997) Citizenship Education and the Modern State. London:Falmer.
147. Kennedy, K.J. (2004) Searching for citizenship values in an uncertain global environment. In W.O. Lee, D. Grossman, K. Kennedy and G. Fairbrother (eds) Citizenship Education in Asia and the Pacific. Concepts and Issues. Hong Kong:Comparative Education Research Centre and Kluwer Academic.
148. Kennedy, K.J. and Fairbrother, G. (2004) Asian perspectives on citizenship education: Postcolonial constructions or precolonial values? In W.O. Lee, D. Grossman, K. Kennedy and G. Fairbrother (eds) Citizenship Education in Asia and the Pacific. Concepts and Issues. Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre and Kluwer Academic.
149. Kerr, D. (1999a) Changing the political culture: The Advisory Group on Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools. Oxford Review of Education 25 (1-2), 275-284.
150. Kerr, D. (1999b) Citizenship education: An international comparison. In D. Lawton, J. Cairns and R. Gardner (eds) Education for Citizenship (pp. 200-227). London: Continuum.
151. Kerr, D. (1999c) Citizenship education: An international comparison. OnWWWat http://www.inca.org.uk/pdf/citizenship_no_intro.pdf. Accessed 9.2.05.
152. Kockel, U. and Craith, M.N. (eds) (2004) Communicating Culture. Münster: Litt.
153. Koopmann, K. (2001) Amerika, hast Du’s besser? Einige (Innen-)Ansichten über schulische politische Bildung in den USA. Politische Bildung 2, 125-147.
154. Kubow, P., Grossman, D. and Ninomiya, A. (1998) Multidimensional citizenship:Educational policy for the 21st century. In J.J. Cogan and R. Derricott (eds) Citizenship for the 21st Century (pp. 115-134). London: Kogan Page (new edition 2000).
155. Kubow, P., Grossman, D. and Ninomiya, A. (2000) Multidimensional citizenship:Educational policy for the 21st century. In J.J. Cogan and R. Derricott (eds) Citizenship for the 21st Century (pp. 131-150). London: Kogan Page Ltd.
156. Kwok, K.W. (2001) Singapore as cultural crucible: Releasing Singapore’s creative energy in the new century. In G.B. Lee (ed.) Singaporeans Exposed: Navigating the Ins and Outs of Globalisation (pp. 21-32). Singapore: Singapore International Foundation.
157. Kymlicka, W. (2003) Multicultural states and intercultural citizens. Theory and Research in Education 1 (2), 147-169.
158. Kymlicka, W. and Norman, W. (eds) (2000) Citizenship in Diverse Societies. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
159. Lai, A.H. (1995) Meanings of Multiethnicity: A Case-study of Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations in Singapore. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
160. Lai, M.L. (2001) Hong Kong students’ attitudes towards Cantonese, Putonghua and English after the change of sovereignty. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 22 (2), 112-113.
161. Lam, A.S.L. (1994) Language education in Hong Kong and Singapore: a comparative study of the role of English. In T. Kandiah and J. Kwan-Terry (eds) English and Language Planning: A Southeast Asian Contribution (pp. 182-196). Singapore: Centre for Advanced Studies, National University of Singapore.
162. Lam, N.M.K. (2000) Government intervention in the economy: A comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong. Public Administration and Development 20, 397-421. On WWW at www.olemiss.edu/courses/pol387/lam00.pdf. Accessed 9.2.05.
163. Lanehart, S.L. (1996) The language of identity. Journal of English Linguistics 24 (4), 322-331.
164. Lantolf, J.P. (ed.) (2000) Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
165. Lardy, N.R. (2002) Integrating China into the Global Economy. Washington, D.C.:Brookings Institution Press.
166. Law, W.W. (2004) Globalisation and citizenship education in Hong Kong. Comparative Education Review 48 (3), 253-273.
167. Lawton, D., Cairns, J. and Gardner, R. (eds) (2000) Education for Citizenship. London: Continuum.
168. Le Page, R.B. and Tabouret-Keller, A. (1985) Acts of Identity: Creole-Based Approaches to Language and Ethnicity. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
169. Lee, G.B. (2001) From the ground up. In G.B. Lee (ed.) Singaporeans Exposed:Navigating the Ins and Outs of Globalisation (pp. 152-159). Singapore: Singapore International Foundation.
170. Lee, H.L. (1997) The rationale for national education: Speech by Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at the launch of National Education, 17.5.97. On WWWat http://www.moe.gov.sg/ne/keyspeeches/may17-97.htm. Accessed 9.2.05.
171. Lee, H.L. (1999) Reforming Singapore’s Financial Services Sector: A Background and Progress Report. On WWW at http://singapore.usembassy.gov/ep/1999/finance.html. Accessed 9.2.05.
172. Lee, W.O. (2001) The emerging concepts of citizenship in the Asian context: Some reflections. Key note presentation at the International Forum on New Citizenship, Hong Kong: Institute of Education.
173. Lee, W.O. (2003) Civic education before and after 1997: Some reflections from social capital perspectives. Journal of Youth Studies 6 (1), 112-125. (In Chinese)
174. Lee, W.O. (2004) Perceptions of citizenship qualities among Asian educational leaders. In W.O. Lee, D. Grossman, K. Kennedy and G. Fairbrother (eds) Citizenship Education in Asia and the Pacific: Concepts and Issues. Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
175. Lee, W.O. and Constas, M. (1996) IEA second civic education study: Case study report. Unpublished Phase One Report submitted to IEA. Amsterdam: IEA.
176. Lee, W.O., Grossman, D., Kennedy, K. and Fairbrother, G. (eds) (2004) Citizenship Education in Asia and the Pacific. Concepts and Issues. Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
177. Leite, C.M.F. (2002) A política da diferença na reforma curricular. In O Currículo e o Multiculturalismo no Sistema Educativo Português (pp. 283-332). Lisboa:Fundaçaõ Calouste Gulbenkian/Fundaçaõ para a Ciência e Tecnologia.
178. Leung, S.W. (1995) Depoliticisation and trivialisation of civic education in secondary schools: institutional constraints on promoting civic education in transitional Hong Kong. In P.K. Siu and P.T.K. Tam (eds) Quality in Education:Insights from Different Perspectives (pp. 283-312). Hong Kong: Hong Kong Educational Research Association.
179. Leung, S.W. (1999) Social construction of Hong Kong identity: A partial account. In S.K. Lau, M.K. Lee, S.L. Wong and P.S. Wan (eds) Indicators of Social Development: Hong Kong 1997 (pp. 111-134). Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
180. Leung, Y.W. (2003) Harmony of conflict: The role of nationalistic education within civic education in Hong Kong. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sydney.
181. Levinson, S.C. (1997) From outer to inner space: Linguistic categories and non-linguistic thinking. In S. Nuyts and E. Pedersen (eds) Language and Conceptualization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
182. Lewis, C. (1995) Educating Hearts and Minds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
183. Li, D.C.S. (1996) Issues in Bilingualism and Biculturalism: A Hong Kong Case Study. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
184. Li, D.C.S. (2002) Cantonese-English code-switching research in Hong Kong: A survey of recent research. In K. Bolton (ed.) Hong Kong English: Autonomy and Creativity (pp. 79-99). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
185. Li, D.H. (2001) Tan Gongmin Jiaoyu [On citizenship education]. Kaifang Shidai [Open Era] 9, 113-117.
186. Li, P. and Zhong, M.H. (2002) Gongmin Jiaoyu: Chuantong deyu de lishixing zhuanxing [Citizenship education: Historical transition of moral education reform]. Jiao Yu Yan Jiu [Educational Research] 23 (10), 66-69.
187. Li, Z.Z. (2000) Jiaoyu yu Renquan [Education and human rights]. Jinan, Xuebao [Jinan Journal] 22 (2), 9-14.
188. Lin, A.M.Y. (1996) Bilingualism or linguistic segregation? Symbolic domination, resistance and code switching in Hong Kong schools. Linguistics and Education 8, 49-84.
189. Lin, P. and Liu X.Q. (1998) Lun Bandula de Shehui Xuexi Lilun yu Woguo de Jiaoyu Jiaoxue Gaige [On Bandura’s social learning theory and the reform of our education practice]. Sichuan Sifan Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Sichuan Normal University] 25 (3), 103-110.
190. Liu, J.Z. (2003) Tiyan: Daode Jiaoyu de Benti [Experience: The base of moral education]. Jiao Yu Yan Jiu [Educational Research] 24 (2), 53-59.
191. Lloyd, G.E.R. (2002) The Ambitions of Curiosity. Understanding the World in Ancient Greece and China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
192. Lo, L. and Man, S.W. (1996) Introduction: Nurturing the moral citizen of the future. In L. Lo and S.W. Man (eds) Research and Endeavours in Moral and Civic Education (pp. ix-xxix). Hong Kong: HKIER.
193. Lockyer, A, Crick, B. and Annette, J. (eds) (2004) Education for Democratic Citizenship. Issues of Theory and Practice. Hants: Ashgate Publishing
194. Lu, J. (1999) Zouxiang shijie lishi de ren [People striding towards world history]. Jiao Yu Yan Jiu [Educational Research] 20 (11), 3-10.
195. Lu, J. (2003) Huigui Shenghuo [Returning to real life]. Kecheng, Jiaocai, Jiaofa [Curriculum, Teaching Material, Methodology] 9, 2-9.
196. Luke, K.K. (2003) Why two languages might be better than one: Motivations of language mixing in Hong Kong. In M. Pennington (ed.) Language in Hong Kong at Century’s End (pp. 145-159). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
197. Lyas, C. (1997) Aesthetics. London: University College London Press.
198. Ma, E.K.W. (1999) Culture, Politics and Television in Hong Kong. London:Routledge.
199. Mach, Z. (2001) Politics, culture and identity of the Polish people after 1989. In J. Purchla (ed.) From the World of Borders to the World of Horizons (pp. 246-255). Cracow: International Cultural Centre.
200. Machiavelli, N. (1513) The Prince. London: Penguin.
201. Mao Zedong (1977) Mao Zedong Xuanji, De We Juan [Selected works of Mao Zedong], Vol.5. Beijing: Renmin Chubanshi [People’s Press].
202. Marshall, T.H. (1950) Citizenship and Social Class, and Other Essays. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
203. Marshall, T.H. (1977) Class, Citizenship and Social Development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
204. Marshall, T.H. (1981) The Right to Welfare and other Essays. London: Heinemann.
205. Massing, P. and Weißeno, G. (eds) (1995) Politik als Kern der politischen Bildung. Wege zur Überwindung unpolitischen Unterrichts. Opladen: Leske and Budrich.
206. Matesanz, J., Moralejo, P., Varela, L., Grence, T., Fernández, V. and Perales, A. (2000) Mundos. Geografía e Historia 1er Curso ESO. Madrid: Grazalema S.A/Grupo Santillana de Ediciones, S.A.
207. Maxwell, K. (1995) The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
208. McConnell, J. (2000) Language, identity and the Asian crisis: Is English causing an identity crisis? In W. Jung and X.B. Li (eds) Asia’s Crisis and New Paradigm (pp. 139-148). Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
209. McDonough, K. and Feinberg, W. (2003) Education and Citizenship in Liberal-Democratic Societies. Teaching for Cosmopolitan Values and Collective Identities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
210. McLaren, P. and Pruyn, M. (1996) Indoctrination. In J.J. Chambliss (ed.) Philosophy of Education: An Encyclopedia. New York and London: Garland.
211. McVeigh, B. (2004) Nationalisms of Japan: Managing and Mystifying Identity. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
212. MEC (1970) Ley 14/1970, de 4 de agosto, Ley General de Educación y Financiamiento de la Reforma Educativa, con la modificación establecida por Ley 30/1976, de 2 de agosto.
213. MEC (1985) Ley 8/1985 de 3 de julio de 1985 -Ley Orgánica del Derecho a la Educación.
214. MEC (1990) Ley 1/1990 de 3 de Octubre de 1990 -Ley Orgánica de Ordenación General del Sistema Educativo.
215. MEC (1993) Temas Transversales y Educación en Valores. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia.
216. MEC (2002) Ley 10/2002, de 23 de diciembre, de Calidad de la Educación.
217. Meierkord, C. (2002) Language stripped bare’ or ‘linguistic masala’? Culture in lingua franca communication. In K. Knapp and C. Meierkord (eds) Lingua Franca Communication. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang.
218. Mendes, M.M. (2004) As Faces de Janus: As políticas educativas em matéria de cidadania nos anos 90 em Portugal. Unpublished master’s thesis. Lisboa:Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias.
219. Meng, Z.Z. (1999) Renquan wenti shi xingshiqi sixiang zhengzhi jiaoyu de zhongyao neiyong [Human rights is a key area for ideological political education in the new era]. Sixiang Lilun Jiaoyu Daokan [Journal of Ideological and Theoretical Education] 8, 61-63.
220. Midgley, M. (2003) The Myths we Live By. London: Routledge.
221. Milroy, J. and Milroy, L. (1985) Authority in Language: Investigating Language Prescription and Standardisation. London, Boston and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
222. Ministério da Educaçaõ (2001a) Education for Democratic Citizenship: Final Report of the Portuguese Group involved in the Council of Europe Project. Lisboa: Council of Europe, Ministério da Educaçaõ.
223. Ministério da Educaçaõ (2001b) Citizenship Education: Cursos gerais e cursos tecnológicos. Lisboa: Council of Europe, Ministério da Educaçaõ.
224. Ministry of Education (2000a) Desired Outcomes of Education. Singapore. On WWW at http://www1.moe.edu.sg/desired.htm. Accessed 9.2.05.
225. Ministry of Education (2000b) Civics and moral education syllabus: Primary School. Singapore. OnWWWat http://www.moe.gov.sg/cpdd/syllabuses.htm. Accessed 9.2.05.
226. Ministry of Education (2000c) Civics and moral education syllabus: Secondary school, Singapore. On WWWat http://www.moe.gov.sg/cpdd/syllabuses.htm. Accessed 9.2.05.
227. Ministry of Education (2000d) Civics syllabus for junior colleges and centralised institutes, Singapore. On WWWat http://www.moe.gov.sg/cpdd/syllabuses. htm. Accessed 9.2.05.
228. Modelski, G. (ed.) (1987) Exploring Long Cycles. London: Francês Pinter.
229. Monbukagakusho [Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology] (2003a) Shougakkou gakushuu shidou youryou (heisei 10nen 12gatsu kokuji, heisei 15nen 12gatsu ichibu kaisei) [Curriculum guidelines for elementary school (announced in December 1998, partially amended in December 2003)]. Tokyo:Monbukagakusho.
230. Monbukagakusho [Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology] (2003b) Chuugakkou gakushuu shidou youryou (heisei 10nen 12gatsu kokuji, heisei 15nen 12gatsu ichibu kaisei) [Curriculum guidelines for junior high school (announced in December 1998, partially amended in December 2003)]. Tokyo:Monbukagakusho.
231. Monbukagakusho [Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology] (2004) Shougakkou gakushuu shidou youryou kaisetsu: sousokuhen (heisei 11nen 5gatsu, heisei 16nen 3gatsu ichibu hotei) [Commentary on curriculum guidelines for elementary school: general rules (announced in May 1999, partially revised in March 2004)]. Tokyo: Monbukagakusho.
232. Monbusho [Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology] (1999) Shougakkou gakushuu shidou youryou kaisetsu: shakaihen [Commentary on elementary school guidelines: social studies]. Tokyo: Monbusho.
233. Montro, J.R., Gunther, R. and Torcal, M. (1998) Actitudes hacia la democracia en Espanã: Legitimidad, descontento y desafección. Reis 83, 9-49.
234. Moody, A.J. (1997) The status of language change in Hong Kong English. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kansas.
235. Morán, M.L. and Benedicto, J. (1995) La Cultura Política de los Espanõles. Un Ensayo de Interpretación. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
236. Munõz Cruz, H. (2001) Politicas y Practicas Educativas y LingUIstica en Regiones Indigenas de Mexico. Seminario sobre Politicas Educativas y Linguisticas en México y Latinoamericas, UNESCO, Mexico City, Mexico, 10-12 December 2001.
237. Murphy-Shigematsu, S. (2004) Expanding the borders of the nation: Ethnic diversity and citizenship education in Japan. In J. Banks (ed.) Diversity and Citizenship Education: Global Perspectives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
238. Nai, C.X. (1995) Shehui Xuexi Lilun Guanyu Deyu Xingli de Yanjiu [A study of moral psychology in social learning theories]. Fujian Shifan Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Fujian Normal University] 3, 111-119.
239. Nathan, A.J. (1985) Chinese Democracy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
240. Naval, C., Print, M. and Iriarte, C. (2003) Civic education in Spain: A critical review of policy. Online Journal of Social Science Education. On WWWat http:// www.sowi-onlinejournal.de/2003-2/spain_naval.htm. Accessed 02.04.
241. Navarro Sustaeta, P. and Díaz Martínez, C. (2002) Ética 4 ESO. Madrid: Grupo Anaya S.A.
242. Nikitorowicz, J. (1999) Projektowanie edukacji miedzykulturowej w perspektywie demokratyzacji i integracji europejskiej. In J. Nikitorowicz and M. Sobecki (eds) Edukacja miedzykulturowa w wymiarze instytucjonalnym (pp. 25-32). Bialystok: Trans Humana.
243. Norton, B. (1997) Language, identity, and the ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly 31 (3), 409-429.
244. Norton, B. (2000) Identity and Language Learning: Gender, Ethnicity and Educational Change. Harlow, England; New York: Longman.
245. Nussbaum, M. (1997) Cultivating Humanity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
246. Oguma, E. (1995) Tan’itsu minzoku shinwa no kigen [The Myth of the Homogenous Nation]. Tokyo: Shinyousha.
247. Okano, K. and Tsuchiya, M. (1999) Education in Contemporary Japan: Inequality and Diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
248. Oldfield, A. (1990) Citizenship and Community: Civic Republicanism and the Modern World. London: Routledge.
249. Ong, T.C. and Moral Education Committee (1979) Report on Moral Education 1979. Singapore: Singapore National Printers.
250. Osler, A. (ed.) (2003) Citizenship and Democracy in Schools: Diversity, Identity, Equality. London: Trentham.
251. Osler, A. and Starkey, H. (2003) Learning for cosmopolitan citizenship: Theoretical debates and young people’s experiences. Educational Review 55 (3), 243-254.
252. Osler, A. and Vincent, K. (2002) Citizenship and the Challenge of Global Education. Stoke on Trent: Trentham.
253. Ota, H. (2000) Nyuukamaa no kodomo to nihon no gakkou [Newcomer Children in Japanese Public Schools]. Tokyo: Kokusai shoin.
254. Pan, L.Y. (2004) Gaoxiao Zhutixing Daode Jiaoyu Moshi Tantao [An evaluation of subjective moral education models for tertiary students]. Xiandai Daixue Jiaoyu [Contemporary University Education] 2, 75-78.
255. Pan, Y.K. (2001) Yige jidai jiejue de wenti [A dilemma awaiting a solution]. Guangxi Jiaoyu Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Guangxi Normal University] 5, 44-47.
256. Parker, W.C. (2003) Teaching Democracy. Unity and Diversity in Public Schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
257. Parmenter, L. (1997) Becoming international in a Japanese junior high school: An ethnographic study. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham, UK.
258. Parmenter, L. (2004) Shaping cultural identities: The roles of education and media on young Japanese people’s views of themselves in the world. Presentation given at the ICRN (Intercultural Research Network) biennial conference, Florence, July 2004.
259. Parmenter, L., Lam, C., Seto, F. and Tomita, Y. (2000) Locating self in the world:Elementary school children in Japan, Macau and Hong Kong. Compare 30 (2), 133-144.
260. Parry, G. (2004) Two dilemmas of citizenship education in pluralist societies. In A. Lockyer, B. Crick and J. Annette (eds) Education for Democratic Citizenship. Issues of Theory and Practice. Hants: Ashgate Publishing.
261. Patrick, J.J. (2003) Essential Elements of Education for Democracy. What are They and Why should They be at the Core of the Curriculum in Schools. Calabasas: Center of Civic Education.
262. Pawelczyk, P. (2001) Polska w Europie’. In S. Wojciechowski (ed.) Polska wobec Unii Europejskiej (pp. 39-45). Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe INPiD UAM.
263. Pearce, N. and Hallgarten, J. (eds) (2000) Tomorrow’s Citizens. Critical Debates in Citizenship and Education. London: IPPR.
264. Pennington, M.C. (1994) Forces Shaping a Dual Code Society: An Interpretive Review of the Literature on Language Use and Language Attitudes in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Department of English, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong.
265. Pennington, M.C. (1998a) Colonialism’s aftermath in Asia: A snapshot view of bilingualism in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics 3 (1), 1-16.
266. Pennington, M.C. (1998b) Introduction: Perspectives on language in Hong Kong at century’s end. In M.C. Pennington (ed.) Language in Hong Kong at Century’s End (pp. 3-40). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
267. Poon, S. (2003) Colonialism and English education at the University of Hong Kong, 1913-1964. Unpublished M.Phil. Dissertation, University of Hong Kong.
268. Potter, J. (2002) Active Citizenship in Schools. London: Kogan Page.
269. Prawelska-Skrzypek, G. (2001) Aktywnośćobywatelska jako reakcja na problemy spol eczne w Polsce okresu transformacji. In M. Warowicki and Z. Woźniak (eds) Aktywnośćobywatelska w rozwoju spol eczności lokalnej: Od komunikacji do wspól pracy (pp. 40-43). Warszawa: Municipium S.A.
270. Preuss, U.K., Everson, M., Koening-Archibugi, M. and Lefebvre, E. (2003) Traditions of citizenship in the European Union. Citizenship Studies 7 (1), 3-14.
271. Print, M. (1997) Phoenix or shooting star? Citizen education in Australia. In K. Kennedy (ed.) Citizenship Education and the Modern State (pp. 126-136). London: Falmer.
272. Quesel, C. (2003) Perspektiven politischer Bildung in England. Zeitschrift für Politik 50 (3), 335-348.
273. Rankin, M.B. (1993) Some observations on a Chinese public sphere. Modern China 19 (2), 158-182.
274. Reed, G.G. (1996) The multiple dimensions of a unidimensional role model: Lei Feng. In L. Lo and S.W. Man (eds) Research and Endeavours in Moral and Civic Education (pp. 245-262). Hong Kong: HKIER.
275. Remaking Singapore (2003) The Report of the Remaking Singapore Committee:Changing Mindsets, Deepening Relationships. On WWW at http://www.remakingsingapore. gov.sg/. Accessed 9.2.05.
276. Roberts, G. (2002) Political education in Germany. Parliamentary Affairs 55, 556-568.
277. Saénz-López Buñuel, P. Temas transversals. On WWW at http://www.uhu.es/65111/temas_transversales.htm. Accessed 2.04 and 5.06.
278. Sánchez, J., Santacana, J., Zaragoza, G. and Zárate, A. (2002) Ciencias Sociales, Geografía e Historia. Milenio Andalucía 1 Secundaria. Madrid: Ediciones SM.
279. Sander, W. (2001) Politik entdecken: Freiheit leben. Schwalbach/Ts: Wochenschau.
280. Sander, W. (2003) Politik in der Schule. Kleine Geschichte der politischen Bildung. Marburg: Schüren.
281. Santos, B.S. (1994) Pela Maõ de Alice: O social e o político na pós-modernidade. Porto:Ediçoes Afrontamento.
282. Santos, B.S. (1995) Towards a New Common Sense: Law, Science and Politics in the Paradigmatic Transition. London: Routledge.
283. Santos, B.S. (2001) Entre Prospero e Caliban: Colonialismo, pós-colonialismo e inter-identidade. In M.I. Ramalho and A.S. Ribeiro (orgs.) Entre ser e estar:Raízes, percursos e discursos da identidade (pp. 23-85). Porto: Afrontamento.
284. Santos, B.S. (2004) Do Pós-moderno ao Pós-colonial. E para Além de Um e Outro. Opening lecture at the VIII Luso-Afro-Brasilian Congress, Coimbra, 16 September. On WWW at http://www.ces.uc.pt/misc/Do_pos-moderno_ao_- pos-colonial.pdf. Accessed 20.9.04.
285. Santos, B.S. and Nunes, J.A. (2004) Introduction: Democracy, participation and grassroot movements in contemporary Portugal. South European Society and Politics 9 (2), 1-15.
286. Schiele, S. and Schneider, H. (eds) (1987) Konsens und Dissens in der politischen Bildung. Stuttgart: Metzler.
287. Sehr, D.T. (1997) Education for Public Democracy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
288. Shan, Y. (2003) Zhengzhi Jiaoyu: Cong Guanshu dao Duihua [Political education:From indoctrination to dialogue]. Beijing Qingnian Zhengzhi Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Beijing Youth Politics College] 12 (3), 26-29 and 57.
289. Shen, S.C. and Chien, S.Y.-S. (1999) Delimiting China: Discourses of Kuomin and the construction of Chinese nationality in the late Ching. Paper presented at the Conference on Nationalism: East Asia Experience on 25-27 May, ISSP Academia Sinica, Taipei.
290. Shu, R.J. and Tang W.J. (2003) Jianzemin dui Jiaoyu Fangzheng de Lunshu Tanxi [An analysis of Jiang Zeming’s views on guiding principles of education]. Zejiang Jiaoyu Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Zejiang Educational Institute] 2, 1-5.
291. Singapore 21 (2003) Report of the Singapore 21 Committee: Together we make the difference. On WWW at http://www.singapore21.org.sg/menu_menu-5keys_active.html. Accessed 9.2.05.
292. Singapore Government Press Release (1997) Speech by Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at the launch of National Education. On WWW at http:// stars.nhb.gov.sg/public/index.html. Accessed 9.2.05.
293. Singstat (2000) Vol. 2004, Singapore Department of Statistics.
294. Skeie, G. (2003) Nationalism, religiosity and citizenship in Norwegian majority and minority discourses. In R. Jackson (ed.) International Perspectives on Citizenship, Education and Religious Diversity. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
295. Sliwka, A. (2001) Demokratie lernen und leben. Bd. II.: Das anglo-amerikanische Beispiel. Weinheim: Freudenberg.
296. Smith, A. (2001) Nationalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
297. Snow, D. (2004) Cantonese as Written Language: The Growth of a Written Chinese Vernacular. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
298. Soder, R., Goodlad, J.I. and McMannon, T.J. (eds) (2001) Developing Democratic Character in the Young. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
299. Sokolewicz, Z. (1997) Citizenship, nationality, and the civil society. In Z. Mach and D. Niedźwiedzki (ed.) European Enlargement and Identity (pp. 103-25). Kraków: Universitas.
300. Soros, G. (2000) World Forum on Democracy. http://www.batory.org.pl/english/events/wfd/soros.htm. Accessed 10.8.04.
301. Soysal, Y.N. (1996) Changing citizenship in Europe. Remarks on postnational membership and the national state. In D. Cesarani and M. Fullbrook (eds) Citizenship, Nationality and Migration in Europe (pp. 19-29). London; New York: Routledge.
302. Spiro, M.E. (1984) Some reflections on cultural determinism and relativism with special reference to emotion and reason. In R.A. Shweder and R.A. LeVine (eds) Culture Theory. Essays on Mind, Self and Emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
303. Starkey, H. (2002) Democratic Citizenship, Languages, Diversity and Human Rights. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
304. Stevenson, N. (2003) Cultural Citizenship: Cosmopolitan Questions. Maidenhead:Open University Press.
305. Sulek, A. (2004) Zly czas dla Judymow. Gazeta Wyborcza (7 September 2004), 17.
306. Sun, W.X. (2003) Duoyuan wenhua kechengguan xiade xingkecheng [New curricula at the influence of development of multicultural education curriculum]. Dangdai Jiaoyu Luntan [Forum of Contemporary Education] 7, 94-96.
307. Sünker, H., Szell, G. and Farnen, R.F. (eds) (2003) Political Socialisation, Participation and Education. Change of Epoch: Processes of Democratisation. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
308. Teodoro, A. (2001) Organizaçoes internacionais e políticas educativas nacionais:A emergência de novas formas de regulaçaõ transnacional, ou uma globalizaçaõ de baixa intensidade. In S.R. Stoer, L. Cortesaõ and J.A. Correia (eds) Transnacionalizaçaõ da Educaçaõ: Da crise da educaçaõ à '‘educaçaõ'' da crise (pp. 125-161). Porto: Ediçoes Afrontamento.
309. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (1982) Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
310. The Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (1995). On WWW at http:// www.edu.cn/20050105/3125921.shtml.
311. Thomas, H. (2001) A European citizen -myth, sham or reality? In R. Fearey and G. Kolankiewicz (eds) Europe 2021. Beyond Visible and Invisible Borders. Report of a conference organised by the British Council and co-hosted by the British Council and the International Cultural Centre, Krakow, Poland, April 2001 (pp. 54-57). London: The British Council and the Slavonic and East European Studies University College London.
312. Thomson, D. (1995) Language, identity, and the nationalist impulse: Quebec. The Annals of the American Academy 538, 69-82.
313. Tilgham, B. (1991) Wittgenstein, Ethics and Aesthetics. New York State: University of New York Press.
314. Tsang, E. (2000) Student reflection: Fostering learning and writing. In L.Y.O. Mak and M.M.L. Keung (eds) Changing Languages: Language Education in the Era of Transition (pp. 128-144). Hong Kong: Language Centre, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Shanghai: School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
315. Tsang, W.K. (1998) Patronage, domestication or empowerment? Citizenship development and citizenship education in Hong Kong. In O. Ichilove (ed.) Citizenship and Citizenship Education in a Changing World (pp. 222-253). London; Portland, OR: Woburn Press.
316. Tsang, W.K. and Wong, M. (2004) Constructing a shared Hong Kong identity in comic discourse. Perspectives: Working Papers in English and Communication 16 (1), 74-100.
317. Tse, A. (1992) Some observations on code-switching between Cantonese and English in Hong Kong. Working Papers in Languages and Linguistics 4, 101-108. Department of Chinese, Translation and Linguistics, City University of Hong Kong.
318. T’sou, B.K. (1985) Chinese and the cultural eunuch syndrome. In R. Lord and B.K. T’sou (eds) The Language Bomb (pp. 15-19). Hong Kong: Longman.
319. Tuvilla Rayo, J. (2000) Reformas educativas, transversalidad y derechos humanos. On WWW at http://www.eip-cifedhop.org/espagnol/dosieres/tuvilla5.htm. Accessed 2.04.
320. United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) (2001) Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: Japan 27/04/2001. On WWW at http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/3e6a558a36a4639ac1256a170050a380?Opendocument. Accessed 23.4.05.
321. Usui, Y. and Shibata, Y. (1999) Shakai/chireki/kouminka kyouikuhou [Methods of Education: Social Studies, Geography, History and Civic Education]. Tokyo:Gakumonsha.
322. Wan, M.G. (2003) Lun Gongmin Jiaoyu [On citizenship education]. Jiao Yu Yan Jiu [Educational Research] 24 (9), 37-43.
323. Wan, M.G. and Wang, W.L. (2003) Quanqiuhua Beijingzhong de Gongmin yu Gongmin Jiaoyu [Citizenship and citizenship education in the backdrop of globalisation]. Xibei Shida Xuebao [Journal of Northwest Normal University] 40 (1), 75-79.
324. Wang, C.M. (2002) Lun Daode Guanshu [On moral indoctrination]. Chuzhou Shizhuan Xuebao [Journal of Chuzhou Teacher’s College] 4 (4), 35-38.
325. Wang, G. (1987) Language policy and planning in bilingual Hong Kong. In Hong Kong University Student Union (ed.) A Comprehensive Review of Hong Kong Educational System (pp. 7-11). Hong Kong: Jin Lin Publisher. (in Chinese)
326. Wang, J. (1995) Xifan duowenhua jiaoyu yu woguo minzu jiaoyu zhi bijiao yanjiu [A comparative study on western multicultural education and minority education in our country]. Xibei Shifan Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Northwest Normal University] 32 (3), 91-94.
327. Wang, J. (2002). Lun Zhonghua Minzu Duoyuan Wenhua Jiaoyu [On multicultural education for China]. Qinghai Minzu Yanjiu [Nationalities Research in Qinghai] 13 (2), 52-56.
328. Wang, L.Y. (2003) Shilun Mao Zedong de Bangyang Jiaoyu [A discussion on Mao Zedong’s role model education]. Mao Zedong Sixiang Yanjiu [Mao Zedong Thought Study] 20 (6), 28-30.
329. Wang, X. (1998) Daode Jiaoyuzhong Guanshu de Shizhi Jiqi Gengyuan [Fundamental nature and origin of indoctrination in moral education]. Jiaoyu Pinglun [Education Commentary] 2, 28-29.
330. Wang, X.F. (2002) Xuexiao Gongmin Jiaoyu: Suozao Gongmin Daode de Bixiuke [Citizenship education: The obligatory subject for constructing civic morals]. Sixiang, Lilun, Jiaoyu [Ideology, Theory and Education] 3, 3-6.
331. Ward, I. (1999) Shakespeare and the Politics of Community. Early Modern Literary Studies 43 (2), 1-45.
332. Wardhaugh, R. (1987) Languages in Competition: Dominance, Diversity, and Decline. Oxford, New York: B. Blackwell; London: A. Deutsch.
333. White, J. (1996) Education and nationality. Journal of Philosophy of Education 30 (3), 327-344.
334. Williams, K. (2002) The limits of aesthetic separatism. Westminster Studies in Education 25 (2), 163-173.
335. Winch, P. (1964) Understanding a primitive society. American Philosophical Quarterly 1 (4), 307-324.
336. Wittgenstein, L. (1953) Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
337. Wong, R.B. (1999) Citizenship in Chinese history. In M. Hanagan and C. Tilly (eds) Extending Citizenship, Reconfiguring States (pp. 97-122). Lanham, MD:Rowman and Littlefield.
338. Wong, T.H. (2002) Hegemonies Compared: State Formation and Chinese School Politics in Postwar Singapore and Hong Kong. New York: RoutledgeFalmer.
339. Wringe, C. (1992) The ambiguities of education for active citizenship. Journal of Philosophy of Education 26 (1), 29-38.
340. Wu, FH. (2003) A study of written Cantonese and Hong Kong culture: The development of Cantonese dialect literature before and after the change of sovereignty. Unpublished MA Dissertation, University of Hong Kong.
341. Xiang, J.Y. (2003) Lun Shixiang Daode Jiaoyu Jiazhi de Shixian Tujing [On the means to realise the value of moral education]. Jiao Yu Yan Jiu [Educational Research] 24 (10), 46-51.
342. Xiao, C. (1999) Zhutixing Daode Renge Jiaoyu: Gainian yu Tezheng [Moral and character education with students as subject: Concepts and features]. Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Beijing Normal University] 3, 23-28.
343. Xing, Z.Y. (2002) Guanyu woguo duowenhua jiaoyu yanjiu cunzai de wenti yu sikao [A reflection on the problems of multicultural education in our country]. Guizhou Shifan Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Guizhou Normal University] 3, 94-97.
344. Yang, C.M. (2001) Gongmin daode jianshe de jichu -Yide zhijiao [The foundation of citizenship construction -Teaching with morals]. Renmin Jiaoyu 12: 8-9.
345. Yao, X. (2000) An Introduction to Confucianism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
346. Yau, S.C. (1992) Language policies in post-1997 Hong Kong. In K.K. Luke (ed.) Into the Twenty-First Century: Issues of Language and Education in Hong Kong (pp. 15-29). Hong Kong: Linguistic Society of Hong Kong.
347. Yip, S.K., Eng, S.P. and Yap, Y.C. (1997) 25 years of educational reform. In J. Tan, S. Gopinathan and W.K. Ho (eds) Education in Singapore: A Book of Readings (pp. 3-32). Singapore: Prentice Hall.
348. Yiu, W.O. (March, 2002) Anti-intellectual culture in Hong Kong media. Media Digest. Hong Kong: Radio Television Hong Kong. On WWW at http:// www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest. Accessed 11.5.06.
349. Yoder, R.S. (2004) Youth Deviance in Japan. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.
350. Yu, X.Z. (2002) Citizenship, ideology, and the PRC constitution. In M. Goldman and E.J. Perry (eds) Changing Meanings of Citizenship in Modern China (pp. 288-307). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
351. Zamora Fortuny, B. (2003) Andando no siempre se hace el camino. La paradoja entre la formación y el rol del profesorado en la legislación educativa en Espanã. X Conferencia de Sociología de la Educación. On WWW at http:// www.uv.es/_/jbeltran/ase/textos/zamora.pdf. Accessed 02.04.
352. Zarate, G. (2003) Identités et plurilinguisme: conditions préalables à la reconnaissance des compétences interculturelles. In M. Byram (ed.) La Compétence interculturelle. Strasbourg: Conseil de l’Europe.
353. Zarate, G. and Gohard-Radenkovic, A. (eds) (2004) La Reconnaissance des competences interculturelles: De la grille à la carte. Paris: Didier.
354. Zarrow, P. (1997) Citizenship in China and the West. In J.A. Fogel and P. Zarrow (eds) Imagining the People (pp. 3-38). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
355. Zhan, W.S. and Xu, J.Z. (2002) Shehui zhuanxin shiqi xuexiao deyu de fansi yu goujian [Rethink about the structure of moral education in the period of social transition]. Jiao Yu Yan Jiu [Educational Research] 23 (9), 3-8.
356. Zhang, P. (2002) Aiguo zhuyi jiaoyu de sixiang chuangxing [Ideological innovation for education in patriotism]. Jiao Yu Yan Jiu [Educational Research] 23 (12), 11-15, 32.
357. Zhang, X. (2003) Gongzhong canyu yu mingzhu jiaoyu [Public participation and democratic education]. Jiaoyu Kexue Yanjiu [Education Science Research] 5, 20-22.
358. Zhang, X.Y. (2003) Cong qianrang yu chengshi tanqi: Fansi dangdai zhongxiaoxue deyu jiaoyu [Forbearance and honesty: A reflection on moral education in primary and secondary schools]. Jiaoyu Kexue Yanjiu [Educational Science Research] 4, 40-42.
359. Zhao, H. (2003) Dangdai shijie gongmin jiaoyu linian de kaocha [A general review of the conceptions of citizenship education in the world]. Waiguo Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Studies in Foreign Education] 30 (9), 25-30.
360. Zhonggong Jiaoyubu Dangzu Guanyu Jiaoyuzhanxian Xuexi Guanzhe ‘Gongmin Daode Jianshe Shishi Gangyao’ de Tongzhi [Memorandum to all educational institutions on studying and implementing ‘The Implementation Guidelines to Construct Civic Virtues of Citizens’ by the Party Branch of the Ministry of Education] (15 November 2001) On WWW at www.moe.edu.cn. Accessed 20.2.03.