The Myths We Live By

The Myths We Live By

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-192

  Midgley, Mary ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84909402517     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203480922     Document Type: Book

References (122)

1. C. H. Waddington, The Scientific Attitude (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1941), p. 170, emphases mine.
2. Jacques Monod, Chance and Necessity, trans. Austryn Wainhouse (Glasgow:Collins, 1972), pp. 160-4, author's emphases.
3. For a drastic questioning of this claim, see Ken Booth, 'Human Rights and International Relations', International Affairs, 71 (1995), pp. 103-26.
4. For further discussion of this useful concept see Human Rights in Global Politics, ed. Timothy Dunne and Nicholas Wheeler (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
5. I have discussed the kind of relativism that would make this agreement seem impossible in Can't We Make Moral Judgements? (Bristol: The Bristol Press, 1991) and, more briefly, in 'On Trying Out One's New Sword', ch. 5 in Heart and Mind (London: Methuen, 1981).
6. See his book Biophilia: The Human Bond with Other Species (Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 1984).
7. See James Lovelock, Gaia: The Practical Science of Planetary Medicine (London:Gaia Books, 1991).
8. See his article 'The Limitless Power of Science', in Nature's Imagination: The Frontiers of Scientific Vision, ed. John Cornwell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 122-33.
9. Proceedings of the National Institute of Science of India, vol. 27 (1960), p. 564, emphasis mine.
10. See Bernard Doran's fascinating book From Taylorism to Fordism: A Rational Madness, trans. David Macey (London: Free Association Books, 1988).
11. Paul Davies, 'Seven Wonders', New Scientist, 21 September 2002, p. 28.
12. See two excellent books, Brian Goodwin, How the Leopard Changed its Spots (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1994)
13. Steven Rose, Lifelines: Biology, Freedom and Determinism (London: Allen Lane, Penguin Press, 1997).
14. In Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan, What Is Life? (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1995), p. 1.
15. Thomas Nagel, The View from Nowhere (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 5, emphasis mine.
16. A clear, typically confident statement of this orthodox view may be found in E. O. Wilson, On Human Nature (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978), pp. 7-10.
17. Descartes, Philosophical Writings, trans. and ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and P. T. Geach (London: Nelson, 1970), pp. 28, 66.
18. See my Science and Poetry (London: Routledge, 2001), ch. 7, pp. 81-3.
19. See also Beyond Good and Evil, para. 36. Beyond Good and Evil, trans. Marianne Cowan (Chicago: Gateway, 1955).
20. Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976), pp. 2-3.
21. J. D. Bernal, The World, the Flesh and the Devil (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929), pp. 35-6.
22. Francis Crick, What Mad Pursuit? (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1989), p. 139.
23. Correspondence, Albert Einstein-Michèle Besso, 1903-1955 (Paris: Herman, 1972). Quoted by Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers in Order out of Chaos: Man's New Dialogue with Nature (London: Collins, Fontana, 1985), p. 294, emphasis mine.
24. Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time (London and New York: Bantam Press, 1988), p. 139.
25. 'Will Science Ever Fail?', New Scientist, 8 August 1992 (emphasis mine), answering an article of mine, oddly titled by the editor 'Can Science save its Soul?', New Scientist, 1 August 1992.
26. David Hume, Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, Sec. III, part ii, para. 163.
27. David Hume, Treatise of Human Nature, Book II, part 1, sec. 4.
28. See Psychiatric Polarities, Methodology, and Practice, ed. P. R. Slavney and P. R. McHugh (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987).
29. B. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973), pp. 20-1.
30. Thomas Nagel, The View from Nowhere (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 4, emphasis mine.
31. Bernard Williams, Morality: An Introduction to Ethics (Harmondsworth:Penguin, 1972), p. 94.
32. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Part 1, ch. 15.
33. Sigmund Freud, 'On Narcissism' (1914-16), in Vol. XIV, Collected Works, translated under the editorship of James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press), p. 91.
34. David Barash, Sociobiology, the Whisperings Within (London: Souvenir Press, 1980), p. 3.
35. Edward O. Wilson, On Human Nature (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 167.
36. Edward O. Wilson, Sociobiology, pp. 4 and 575.
37. For instance by John D. Barrow and Frank R. Tipler in their remarkable tome The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 618-19.
38. J. D. Bernal, The World, the Flesh and the Devil (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929, pp. 41-2. Reprinted Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1989). For Haldane's contribution see his Possible Worlds (London: Chatto and Windus, 1927), p. 287.
39. Colin Blakemore, The Mind Machine (London: BBC Books, 1988), pp. 269-71, emphasis mine.
40. Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976), ch. 11, pp. 203-15.
41. John Lyons (ed.), New Horizons in Linguistics (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970). Editor's abstract introducing ch. 4, 'Phonology', by E. C. Fudge, p. 76.
42. See a good discussion of tropisms in Robert Boakes, From Darwin to Behaviourism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 138-40.
43. C. B. A. Behrens, The Ancien Régime (London: Thames and Hudson, 1967), pp. 123-4.
44. Especially in Darwin's Dangerous Idea (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996).
45. Daniel Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996), p. 63.
46. Edward Clodd, Spencer's follower and interpreter, thus triumphantly described his achievement. See A. C. Armstrong, Transitional Eras in Thought, with Special Reference to the Present Age (New York: Macmillan, 1904), p. 48.
47. The Autobiography of Charles Darwin, 1809-1882, with Original Omissions Restored, ed. Nora Barlow (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1958), p. 109, emphasis mine.
48. Edward O. Wilson, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), p. 50.
49. Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976), pp. 206-10.
50. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea, p. 344.
51. Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (Harlow: Longman, 1986), p. 196.
52. Daniel Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996), p. 368.
53. Susan Blackmore, 'Meme, Myself, I', in New Scientist, 2177, 13 March 1999, pp. 40-4. See also her book The Meme Machine (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
54. Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976), p. 207, emphases mine.
55. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea, p. 340.
56. In Dennett and His Critics: Demystifying Mind, ed. Bo Dahlen (Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1993).
57. Karen Green and John Bigelow, 'Does Science Persecute Women? The Case of the 16th-17th Century Witch-Hunts', in Philosophy, 73, no. 284, April 1998, p. 199.
58. Robert Boyle, Works, ed. T. Birch, vol. 1 (London, 1744), p. 20.
59. For a most interesting analysis of that mix see Margaret Wertheim, Pythagoras' Trousers: God, Physics and the Gender Wars (London: Fourth Estate, 1997), chs 5 and 6.
60. Herbert Spencer, A System of Synthetic Philosophy (London: Williams and Norgate, 1862-96), 5th edn, vol. 1 (1884), p. 396.
61. Herbert Spencer, Autobiography, vol. 2 (London: Williams and Norgate, 1904), p. 11.
62. Herbert Spencer, Social-Statics (New York: D. Appleton, 1864).
63. James R. Moore, The Post-Darwinian Controversies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), p. 168.
64. John Ziman (ed.), Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 3 and 313, emphases mine.
65. Gerry Martin, 'Stasis in Complex Artefacts', in Ziman, Technological Innovation, p. 92.
66. Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology (London: John Murray, 1830), vol. 2, ch. 11, emphasis mine.
67. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835-40, Part 2, Book 2, ch. 27.
68. Steven Pinker, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature (London:Allen Lane, 2002), p. 31.
69. For a brief but highly revealing account of different Enlightenment visions of the 'man of reason', see G. Lloyd, The Man of Reason in Western Philosophy (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984).
70. See S. Möller Okin, Women in Western Political Thought (London: Virago, 1980).
71. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Émile, or On Education, trans. Barbara Foxley (London and New York: Dent and Dutton, 1966), Book V, p. 332.
72. In 'On Not Being Afraid of Natural Sex Differences', in Feminist Perspectives in Philosophy, ed. M. Griffiths and M. Whitford (London: Macmillan, 1988), pp. 29-41.
73. See Brian Easlea, Science and Sexual Oppression (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981).
74. However, for a brilliant recent exposé of the dangers to feminism of an overhasty alliance with 'Nietzschean' post-modernism, see Sabrina Lovibond, 'Feminism and Postmodernism', New Left Review, 178 (1989), pp. 5-28.
75. Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols and The AntiChrist, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969), sec. 11, p. 121.
76. J. P. Sartre, Existentialism and Humanism, trans. Philip Mairet (London:Methuen, 1948), p. 54.
77. Philippa Foot, 'When is a Principle a Moral Principle?', in Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume XXVIII, Belief and Will (London: Harrison 1954), pp. 95-110.
78. J. S. Mill, The Subjection of Women (London and Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1970), p. 21.
79. For a clear discussion of the brands of feminism that have succeeded its initial (individualistic and 'liberal') form, see Alison Jaggar, Feminist Politics and Human Nature (Brighton: Harvester Press, 1983).
80. J. P. Sartre, Being and Nothingness, trans. Hazel E. Barnes (New York:Washington Square Press, 1966), pp. 776-7, 782.
81. See his The Language of Morals (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952) and Freedom and Reason (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963).
82. I have discussed it in Science as Salvation: A Modern Myth and its Meaning (London: Routledge, 1992).
83. Freeman Dyson, 'Time Without End: Physics and Biology in an Open Universe', Reviews of Modern Physics 51, 1979, pp. 447-60.
84. J. D. Bernal, The World, the Flesh and the Devil (London: Kegan Paul, 1929), pp. 56-7, my emphasis.
85. Useful compendia of views on the matter of personal identity are: Personal Identity, ed. J. Perry (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985) and The Identities of Persons, ed. R. Rorty (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976).
86. This is evident from the selection of essays in The Mind-Body Problem, ed. R. Warner and T. Szubka (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), despite the care taken to include a full range of opinions.
87. J. B. Elshtain, 'To Clone Or Not To Clone', in Clones and Clones, Facts and Fantasies about Human Cloning, ed. M. K. Nussbaum and C. R. Sunstein (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998), p. 184.
88. J. Lederberg, 'Experimental Genetics and Human Evolution', Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1996, p. 6.
89. T. Burckhardt, Alchemy, Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul, trans. W. Stoddart (London: Stuart and Watkins, 1967), p. 25.
90. R. Sinsheimer, 'The Prospect of Designed Genetic Change', Engineering and Science, April 1969, pp. 8-13, emphases mine.
91. Gregory Stock, Redesigning Humans (London: Profile Books, 2002).
92. 'Chemical Ecology and Genetic Engineering: The Prospects for Plant Protection and the Need for Plant Habitat Conservation', Symposium on Tropical Biology and Agriculture, Monsanto Company, St Louis, Mo., 15 July 1985.
93. K. Devlin, Goodbye Descartes (New York: John Wiley, 1997);
94. G. Ryle, The Concept of Mind (London: Hutchinson, 1951), ch. 1.
95. R. Sinsheimer, 'The Prospect of Designed Genetic Change', Engineering and Science, April 1969, pp. 8-13.
96. J. H. Barrow and F. W. Tipler, The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 659, emphases mine.
97. J. Rifkin, The Biotech Century (London: Gollancz, 1998), pp. 197-8, emphases mine.
98. See John D. Barrow and Frank R. Tipler, The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988). I have discussed this doctrine in Science as Salvation (London: Routledge, 1992), ch. 17.
99. See Steven Weinberg, The First Three Minutes (London: André Deutsch, 1977), p. 155.
100. De partibus animalium, trans. W. Ogle, Book 1, ch. 5, 645a, in Aristotle's Works in Translation, vol. 5 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1912).
101. James Lovelock, The Practical Science of Planetary Medicine (London: Gaia Books, 1991), p. 9.
102. Adrian Desmond and James Moore, Darwin (London: Michael Joseph, 1991), p. 650.
103. Thomas Burnet, The Sacred Theory of the Earth, with an introduction by B. Willey (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1965), p. 102. See a thorough discussion by Stephen Jay Gould in Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987).
104. Hutton (1726-97) is sometime called the father of geology but should really share that title with a number of European sages. See Rachel Laudan, From Mineralogy to Geology: The Foundations of a Science (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987).
105. Cited by Gould in Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle, p. 62, from J. Playfair, Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth (Edinburgh: William Creech, 1802).
106. In Beast and Man (New York: Cornell University Press, 1978);
107. Heart and Mind (Brighton: Harvester Press, 1981);
108. Animals and Why They Matter (Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1983).
109. See his article 'Nature's Psychologists', New Scientist, 78 (1978), pp. 900-3.
110. Donald Griffin, Animal Thinking (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984), pp. 116 and 94, emphases mine.
111. See N. A. Rupke, Vivisection in Historical Perspective (London: Croom Helm, 1987), p. 27.
112. See Maternal Deprivation - Experiments in Psychology: A Critique of Animas Models, a report of the American Anti-Vivisection Society, 1986.
113. See Gill Langley's essay 'Plea for a Sensitive Science', in Animal Experimentation:The Consensus Changes, ed. Gill Langley (London: Macmillan, 1989).
114. See his In the Company of Animals: A Study of Human-Animal Relationships (Oxford: Blackwell, 1986).
115. The first trumpet here seems to have been Aldo Leopold's Sand County Almanac (New York: Oxford University Press, 1949). Leopold's alarming pronouncements, along with others from later prophets, are well discussed by John Passmore in Man's Responsibility for Nature (London: Duckworth, 1974), ch.
116. The main architect of this position has been Tom Regan, in his books The Case for Animal Rights (London: Routledge, 1983), All That Dwell Therein (London and Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982) and many other writings.
117. I have discussed the need to consider both, and the difficulty of bringing them together, in Animals and Why They Matter (Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1983).
118. For the Adirondacks project the practical issues can be studied in Wolves and Human Communities, Biology, Politics and Ethics, ed. Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan Norton and Strachan Donnelley (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001).
119. Sigmund Freud, Civilization and its Discontents (Vienna, 1930), section 11.
120. E. F. Schumacher, Good Work (London: Jonathan Cape, 1979), ch. 2.
121. Speech in New York, 27 November 1920, in New York Times, 28 November 1920, p. 20.
122. Habits of the Heart: Middle America Observed (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).