Strategies for osteochondral repair: Focus on scaffolds

Journal of Tissue Engineering

Volumn 5, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Seo, Seog Jin ^a,b   Mahapatra, Chinmaya ^a,b   Singh, Rajendra K ^a,b   Knowles, Jonathan C ^c   Kim, Hae Won ^a,b,d  

^a BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine   (South Korea)

^b Dankook University   (South Korea)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d Dankook University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

interfacial tissue; Osteochondral repair; scaffold design; therapeutic functions; tissue engineering

Indexed keywords

CELL ENGINEERING; HISTOLOGY; MOLECULES; SCAFFOLDS (BIOLOGY); SIGNALING; SURFACE TREATMENT; TISSUE;

DISEASE AND DISORDERS; INJURY ACCIDENTS; INTERFACIAL TISSUES; OSTEOCHONDRAL REPAIRS; OSTEOCHONDRAL TISSUE ENGINEERING; RELATED INJURIES; SCAFFOLDS DESIGN; SIGNALING MOLECULES; THERAPEUTIC FUNCTIONS; TISSUES ENGINEERINGS;

CELL SIGNALING;

BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; MOLECULAR SCAFFOLD;

BIODEGRADATION; BIOMINERALIZATION; CARTILAGE CELL; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GEOMETRY; HYDROGEL; INTERVENTION STUDY; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGENERATION; REVIEW; SPORT INJURY; TISSUE ENGINEERING;

EID: 85058693655     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20417314     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2041731414541850     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. S.RedmanS.OldfieldC.Archer. Current strategies for articular cartilage repair. Eur Cell Mater2005; 9: 23–32.
2. D.A.GrandeA.S.BreitbartJ.Mason. Cartilage tissue engineering: current limitations and solutions. Clin Orthop Relat Res1999; 367: S176–S185.
3. K.H.PatelL.NayyerA.M.Seifalian. Chondrogenic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on a novel, auricular-shaped, nanocomposite scaffold. J Tissue Eng2013; 4: 2041731413516782.
4. G.ChenT.SatoT.Ushida. Tissue engineering of cartilage using a hybrid scaffold of synthetic polymer and collagen. Tissue Eng2004; 10: 323–330.
5. W.DaiN.KawazoeX.Lin. The influence of structural design of PLGA/collagen hybrid scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials2010; 31: 2141–2152.
6. H.J.KimS.-H.ParkJ.Durham. In vitro chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells with silk scaffolds. J Tissue Eng2012; 3: 2041731412466405.
7. S.-H.ShinO.PurevdorjO.Castano. A short review: recent advances in electrospinning for bone tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng2012; 3: 2041731412443530.
8. M.B.SchmidtV.C.MowL.E.Chun. Effects of proteoglycan extraction on the tensile behavior of articular cartilage. J Orthop Res1990; 8: 353–363.
9. H.MuirP.BulloughA.Maroudas. The distribution of collagen in human articular cartilage with some of its physiological implications. J Bone Joint Surg Br1970; 52: 554–563.
10. C.R.FlanneryC.E.HughesB.L.Schumacher. Articular cartilage superficial zone protein (SZP) is homologous to megakaryocyte stimulating factor precursor and is a multifunctional proteoglycan with potential growth-promoting, cytoprotective, and lubricating properties in cartilage metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun1999; 254: 535–541.
11. S.P.NukavarapuD.L.Dorcemus. Osteochondral tissue engineering: current strategies and challenges. Biotechnol Adv2013; 31: 706–721.
12. A.D.PearleR.F.WarrenS.A.Rodeo. Basic science of articular cartilage and osteoarthritis. Clin Sports Med2005; 24: 1–12.
13. P.J.YangJ.S.Temenoff. Engineering orthopedic tissue interfaces. Tissue Eng Part B Rev2009; 15: 127–141.
14. N.T.KhanarianJ.JiangL.Q.Wan. A hydrogel-mineral composite scaffold for osteochondral interface tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A2011; 18: 533–545.
15. T.M.O’SheaX.Miao. Bilayered scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part B Rev2008; 14: 447–464.
16. R.GudasR.J.KalesinskasV.Kimtys. A prospective randomized clinical study of mosaic osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the knee joint in young athletes. Arthroscopy2005; 21: 1066–1075.
17. L.XingY.JiangJ.Gui. Microfracture combined with osteochondral paste implantation was more effective than microfracture alone for full-thickness cartilage repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc2013; 21: 1770–1776.
18. A.C.KokG.J.TuijthofS.den Dunnen. No effect of hole geometry in microfracture for talar osteochondral defects. Clin Orthop2013; 471: 3653–3662.
19. P.LengY.-Z.WangH.-N.Zhang. Repair of large osteochondral defects with mix-mosaicplasty in a goat model. Orthopedics2013; 36: e331–e336.
20. E.SolheimJ.HegnaJ.Øyen. Osteochondral autografting (mosaicplasty) in articular cartilage defects in the knee: results at 5 to 9 years. Knee2010; 17: 84–87.
21. P.NiemeyerJ.M.PestkaP.C.Kreuz. Characteristic complications after autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage defects of the knee joint. Am J Sports Med2008; 36: 2091–2099.
22. C.OssendorfM.R.SteinwachsP.C.Kreuz. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the treatment of large and complex cartilage lesions of the knee. BMC Sport Sci Med Rehab2011; 3: 11.
23. E.BasadB.IshaqueG.Bachmann. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture in the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee: a 2-year randomised study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc2010; 18: 519–527.
24. L.HangodyG.KishZ.Karpati. Arthroscopic autogenous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of femoral condylar articular defects: a preliminary report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc1997; 5: 262–267.
25. E.M.EvansM.FreemanA.Miller. Metal sensitivity as a cause of bone necrosis and loosening of the prosthesis in total joint replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br1974; 56: 626–642.
26. C.K.FitzpatrickP.J.Rullkoetter. Influence of patellofemoral articular geometry and material on mechanics of the unresurfaced patella. J Biomech2012; 45: 1909–1915.
27. H.ImhofI.SulzbacherS.Grampp. Subchondral bone and cartilage disease: a rediscovered functional unit. Invest Radiol2000; 35: 581–588.
28. A.M.FansaC.D.MurawskiC.W.Imhauser. Autologous osteochondral transplantation of the talus partially restores contact mechanics of the ankle joint. Am J Sports Med2011; 39: 2457–2465.
29. F.LintzN.PujolC.Pandeirada. Hybrid fixation: evaluation of a novel technique in adult osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc2011; 19: 568–571.
30. M.M.Reverte-VinaixaN.JoshiE.W.Diaz-Ferreiro. Medium-term outcome of mosaicplasty for grade III-IV cartilage defects of the knee. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)2013; 21: 4–9.
31. T.HoshibaT.YamadaH.Lu. Maintenance of cartilaginous gene expression on extracellular matrix derived from serially passaged chondrocytes during in vitro chondrocyte expansion. J Biomed Mater Res A2012; 100: 694–702.
32. Y.LuS.DhanarajZ.Wang. Minced cartilage without cell culture serves as an effective intraoperative cell source for cartilage repair. J Orthop Res2006; 24: 1261–1270.
33. S.VijayanW.BartlettG.Bentley. Autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondral lesions in the knee using a bilayer collagen membrane and bone graft: a two- to eight-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Br2012; 94: 488–492.
34. P.HughesC.EavesD.Hogge. High-efficiency gene transfer to human hematopoietic cells maintained in long-term marrow culture. Blood1989; 74: 1915–1922.
35. L.WangL.ZhaoM.S.Detamore. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a sandwich approach for osteochondral tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med2011; 5: 712–721.
36. M.T.RodriguesS.J.LeeM.E.Gomes. Bilayered constructs aimed at osteochondral strategies: the influence of medium supplements in the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. Acta Biomater2012; 8: 2795–2806.
37. H.KogaT.MunetaY.J.Ju. Synovial stem cells are regionally specified according to local microenvironments after implantation for cartilage regeneration. Stem Cells2007; 25: 689–696.
38. M.BetschJ.SchneppendahlS.Thuns. Bone marrow aspiration concentrate and platelet rich plasma for osteochondral repair in a porcine osteochondral defect model. PLoS One2013; 8: e71602.
39. U.HorasD.PelinkovicG.Herr. Autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral cylinder transplantation in cartilage repair of the knee joint: a prospective, comparative trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am2003; 85-A: 185–192.
40. J.InnesC.GordonA.Vaughan-Thomas. Evaluation of cartilage, synovium and adipose tissue as cellular sources for osteochondral repair. Vet J2013; 197: 619–624.
41. J.-Y.KoK.-I.KimS.Park. In vitro chondrogenesis and in vivo repair of osteochondral defect with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials2014; 35: 3571–3581.
42. Y.A.PetrenkoR.IvanovA.Y.Petrenko. Coupling of gelatin to inner surfaces of pore walls in spongy alginate-based scaffolds facilitates the adhesion, growth and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med2011; 22: 1529–1540.
43. A.ShafieeM.SoleimaniG.A.Chamheidari. Electrospun nanofiber-based regeneration of cartilage enhanced by mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A2011; 99: 467–478.
44. B.S.BalM.N.RahamanP.Jayabalan. In vivo outcomes of tissue-engineered osteochondral grafts. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater2010; 93: 164–174.
45. K.-H.FroschK.M.Stürmer. Metallic biomaterials in skeletal repair. Eur J Trauma2006; 32: 149–159.
46. J.JiangA.TangG.A.Ateshian. Bioactive stratified polymer ceramic-hydrogel scaffold for integrative osteochondral repair. Ann Biomed Eng2010; 38: 2183–2196.
47. K.A.AthanasiouE.M.DarlingJ.C.Hu. Articular cartilage tissue engineering. Synthesis Lect Tissue Eng2009; 1: 1–182.
48. R.M.NatoliC.M.RevellK.A.Athanasiou. Chondroitinase ABC treatment results in greater tensile properties of self-assembled tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A2009; 15: 3119–3128.
49. B.D.ElderK.A.Athanasiou. Synergistic and additive effects of hydrostatic pressure and growth factors on tissue formation. PLoS One2008; 3: e2341.
50. S.M.McNaryK.A.AthanasiouA.H.Reddi. Engineering lubrication in articular cartilage. Tissue Eng Part B Rev2012; 18: 88–100.
51. Y.ShiD.Xiong. Microstructure and friction properties of PVA/PVP hydrogels for articular cartilage repair as function of polymerization degree and polymer concentration. Wear2013; 305: 280–285.
52. A.G.MikosJ.S.Temenoff. Formation of highly porous biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering. Electron J Biotechn2000; 3: 23–24.
53. F.S.KaplanW.C.HayesT.M.Keaveny. Biomaterials. In: (ed.) Orthopedic Basic Science. Columbus, OH: American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons; 1994. pp. 127–185.
54. T.M.KeavenyE.F.MorganG.L.Niebur. Biomechanics of trabecular bone. Annu Rev Biomed Eng2001; 3: 307–333.
55. V.KarageorgiouD.Kaplan. Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis. Biomaterials2005; 26: 5474–5491.
56. K.KimA.YeattsD.Dean. Stereolithographic bone scaffold design parameters: osteogenic differentiation and signal expression. Tissue Eng Part B Rev2010; 16: 523–539.
57. M.SimonetO.D.SchneiderP.Neuenschwander. Ultraporous 3D polymer meshes by low-temperature electrospinning: use of ice crystals as a removable void template. Polym Eng Sci2007; 47: 2020–2026.
58. E.FilováM.RampichováA.Litvinec. A cell-free nanofiber composite scaffold regenerated osteochondral defects in miniature pigs. Int J Pharm2013; 447: 139–149.
59. S.ShanmugasundaramH.ChaudhryT.L.Arinzeh. Microscale versus nanoscale scaffold architecture for mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A2010; 17: 831–840.
60. Q.P.PhamU.SharmaA.G.Mikos. Electrospun poly(ϵ-caprolactone) microfiber and multilayer nanofiber/microfiber scaffolds: characterization of scaffolds and measurement of cellular infiltration. Biomacromolecules2006; 7: 2796–2805.
61. S.ZhangL.ChenY.Jiang. Bi-layer collagen/microporous electrospun nanofiber scaffold improves the osteochondral regeneration. Acta Biomater2013; 9: 7236–7247.
62. E.RebollarD.CorderoA.Martins. Improvement of electrospun polymer fiber meshes pore size by femtosecond laser irradiation. Appl Surf Sci2011; 257: 4091–4095.
63. N.ZhuM.LiD.Cooper. Development of novel hybrid poly(L-lactide)/chitosan scaffolds using the rapid freeze prototyping technique. Biofabrication2011; 3: 034105.
64. D.W.Hutmacher. Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage. Biomaterials2000; 21: 2529–2543.
65. T.WoodfieldM.GuggenheimB.Von Rechenberg. Rapid prototyping of anatomically shaped, tissue-engineered implants for restoring congruent articulating surfaces in small joints. Cell Prolif2009; 42: 485–497.
66. L.MoroniJ.De WijnC.Van Blitterswijk. 3D fiber-deposited scaffolds for tissue engineering: influence of pores geometry and architecture on dynamic mechanical properties. Biomaterials2006; 27: 974–985.
67. T.B.WoodfieldJ.MaldaJ.De Wijn. Design of porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering using a three-dimensional fiber-deposition technique. Biomaterials2004; 25: 4149–4161.
68. W.BianD.LiQ.Lian. Fabrication of a bio-inspired beta-Tricalcium phosphate/collagen scaffold based on ceramic stereolithography and gel casting for osteochondral tissue engineering. Rapid Prototyping J2012; 18: 68–80.
69. J.L.DruryD.J.Mooney. Hydrogels for tissue engineering: scaffold design variables and applications. Biomaterials2003; 24: 4337–4351.
70. V.GuarinoA.GloriaM.G.Raucci. Hydrogel-based platforms for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue and intervertebral disc. Polymers2012; 4: 1590–1612.
71. K.KimJ.LamS.Lu. Osteochondral tissue regeneration using a bilayered composite hydrogel with modulating dual growth factor release kinetics in a rabbit model. J Control Release2013; 168: 166–178.
72. D.J.Munoz-PintoR.E.McMahonM.A.Kanzelberger. Inorganic-organic hybrid scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A2010; 94: 112–121.
73. D.WendtM.JakobI.Martin. Bioreactor-based engineering of osteochondral grafts: from model systems to tissue manufacturing. J Biosci Bioeng2005; 100: 489–494.
74. ®-derived foams. J Biomater Appl2013; 27: 537–551.
75. W.L.GraysonS.BhumiratanaP.Grace Chao. Spatial regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in engineered osteochondral constructs: effects of pre-differentiation, soluble factors and medium perfusion. Osteoarthritis Cartilage2010; 18: 714–723.
76. C.CorreiaA.L.PereiraA.R.Duarte. Dynamic culturing of cartilage tissue: the significance of hydrostatic pressure. Tissue Eng Part A2012; 18: 1979–1991.
77. H.-C.ChenY.-H.ChangC.-K.Chuang. The repair of osteochondral defects using baculovirus-mediated gene transfer with de-differentiated chondrocytes in bioreactor culture. Biomaterials2009; 30: 674–681.
78. H.HosseinkhaniT.AzzamH.Kobayashi. Combination of 3D tissue engineered scaffold and non-viral gene carrier enhance in vitro DNA expression of mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials2006; 27: 4269–4278.
79. C.-Y.LinY.-H.ChangK.-J.Lin. The healing of critical-sized femoral segmental bone defects in rabbits using baculovirus-engineered mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials2010; 31: 3222–3230.
80. P.LengC.-R.DingH.-N.Zhang. Reconstruct large osteochondral defects of the knee with hIGF-1 gene enhanced Mosaicplasty. Knee2012; 19: 804–811.
81. R.ReyesA.DelgadoE.Sanchez. Repair of an osteochondral defect by sustained delivery of BMP-2 or TGFβ1 from a bilayered alginate-PLGA scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. Epub ahead of print 26June2012. DOI: 10.1002/term.1549.
82. O.YiH.-J.KwonH.Kim. Effect of environmental tobacco smoke on atopic dermatitis among children in Korea. Environ Res2012; 113: 40–45.
83. C.AulinM.Jensen-WaernS.Ekman. Cartilage repair of experimentally induced osteochondral defects in New Zealand White rabbits. Lab Anim2013; 47: 58–65.
84. F.SchererM.AntonU.Schillinger. Magnetofection: enhancing and targeting gene delivery by magnetic force in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther2002; 9: 102–109.
85. R.ReyesA.DelgadoR.Solis. Cartilage repair by local delivery of TGF-β1 or BMP-2 from a novel, segmented polyurethane/polylactic-co-glycolic bilayered scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A2014; 102: 1110–1120.
86. H.MaeharaS.SotomeT.Yoshii. Repair of large osteochondral defects in rabbits using porous hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). J Orthop Res2010; 28: 677–686.
87. J.-I.NakayamaH.FujiokaI.Nagura. The effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 on autologous osteochondral transplantation. Int Orthop2009; 33: 275–280.
88. D.NoelD.GazitC.Bouquet. Short-term BMP-2 expression is sufficient for in vivo osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells2004; 22: 74–85.
89. R.SakataT.KokubuI.Nagura. Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor during the early stages of osteochondral regeneration using a bioabsorbable synthetic polymer scaffold. J Orthop Res2012; 30: 252–259.
90. M.R.JungI.K.ShimH.J.Chung. Local BMP-7 release from a PLGA scaffolding-matrix for the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbits. J Control Release2012; 162: 485–491.
91. N.H.DormerM.SinghL.Zhao. Osteochondral interface regeneration of the rabbit knee with macroscopic gradients of bioactive signals. J Biomed Mater Res A2012; 100: 162–170.
92. R.TiwaryH.P.AithalP.Kinjavdekar. Effect of IGF-1 and uncultured autologous bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells on repair of osteochondral defect in rabbits. Cartilage2014; 5: 43–54.
93. X.WangE.WenkX.Zhang. Growth factor gradients via microsphere delivery in biopolymer scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. J Control Release2009; 134: 81–90.
94. M.S.TengA.S.YuenH.T.Kim. Enhancing osteochondral allograft viability: effects of storage media composition. Clin Orthop Relat Res2008; 466: 1804–1809.
95. R.FransèsD.McWilliamsP.Mapp. Osteochondral angiogenesis and increased protease inhibitor expression in OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage2010; 18: 563–571.
96. S.DiederichsK.BaralM.Tanner. Interplay between local versus soluble transforming growth factor-beta and fibrin scaffolds: role of cells and impact on human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A2012; 18: 1140–1150.
97. R.A.PérezJ.-E.WonJ.C.Knowles. Naturally and synthetic smart composite biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev2013; 65: 471–496.
98. F.-M.ChenM.ZhangZ.-F.Wu. Toward delivery of multiple growth factors in tissue engineering. Biomaterials2010; 31: 6279–6308.
99. M.MehtaK.Schmidt-BleekG.N.Duda. Biomaterial delivery of morphogens to mimic the natural healing cascade in bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev2012; 64: 1257–1276.
100. J.SohierT.VlugtN.Cabrol. Dual release of proteins from porous polymeric scaffolds. J Control Release2006; 111: 95–106.
101. P.OrthG.KaulM.Cucchiarini. Transplanted articular chondrocytes co-overexpressing IGF-I and FGF-2 stimulate cartilage repair in vivo. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc2011; 19: 2119–2130.
102. S.TrippelM.CorvolM.Dumontier. Effect of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone on cultured growth plate and articular chondrocytes. Pediatr Res1989; 25: 76–82.
103. P.Van der KraanP.BumaT.Van Kuppevelt. Interaction of chondrocytes, extracellular matrix and growth factors: relevance for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Osteoarthritis Cartilage2002; 10: 631–637.
104. F.P.LuytenV.C.HascallS.P.Nissley. Insulin-like growth factors maintain steady-state metabolism of proteoglycans in bovine articular cartilage explants. Arch Biochem Biophys1988; 267: 416–425.
105. H.MadryG.KaulM.Cucchiarini. Enhanced repair of articular cartilage defects in vivo by transplanted chondrocytes overexpressing insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Gene Ther2005; 12: 1171–1179.
106. J.ChenH.ChenP.Li. Simultaneous regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in vivo using MSCs induced by a spatially controlled gene delivery system in bilayered integrated scaffolds. Biomaterials2011; 32: 4793–4805.