Modeling Health Disparities and Outcomes in Disenfranchised Populations

Community Mental Health Journal

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2019, Pages 9-23

  Hauenstein, Emily J ^a   Clark, Rachael S ^a   Merwin, Elizabeth I ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Community characteristics; Health disparities; Health outcomes; Intersectionality; Mental illness

Indexed keywords

DEMOGRAPHY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH DISPARITY; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; RURAL POPULATION; SOCIAL STIGMA;

HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; RURAL POPULATION; SOCIAL STIGMA;

EID: 85052641413     PISSN: 00103853     EISSN: 15732789     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0326-9     Document Type: Article

References (193)

1. Acharya, B., Hirachan, S., Mandel, J. S., & van Dyke, C. (2016). The mental health education gap among primary care providers in Rural Nepal. Academic Psychiatry, 40(4), 667–671
2. Allen, M. L., Cook, B. L., Carson, N., Interian, A., La Roche, M., & Alegría, M. (2017). Patient-provider therapeutic alliance contributes to patient activation in community mental health clinics. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 44(4), 431–440. 10.1007/s10488-015-0655-8
3. Aschbrenner, K. A., Naslund, J. A., Gill, L., Hughes, T., O’Malley, A. J., Bartels, S. J., & Brunette, M. F. (2017). Qualitative analysis of social network influences on quitting smoking among individuals with serious mental illness. Journal of Mental Health. 10.1080/09638237.2017.1340600
4. Bachrach, L. L. (1983). Psychiatric services in rural areas: A sociological overview. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 34(3), 215–226
5. Balogun, S. A., Yusuff, H. A., Yusuf, K. Q., Al-Shenqiti, A. M., Balogun, M. T., & Tettey, P. (2017). Maternal education and child immunization: The mediating roles of maternal literacy and socioeconomic status. Pan African Medical Journal, 26, 217. 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.217.11856
6. Baum, F., & Palmer, C. (2002). ‘Opportunity structures’: Urban landscape, social capital and health promotion in Australia. Health Promotion International, 17(4), 351–361
7. Beach, M. C., Saha, S., Korthuis, P. T., Sharp, V., Cohn, J., Wilson, I., … Moore, R. (2010). Differences in patient-provider communication for Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic white patients in HIV care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(7), 682–687. 10.1007/s11606-010-1310-4
8. Bellamy, C. D., Flanagan, E. H., Costa, M., O’Connell-Bonarrigo, M., Tana Le, T., Guy, K., … Steiner, J. L. (2017). Barriers and facilitators of healthcare for people with mental illness: Why integrated patient centered healthcare is necessary. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 37(6), 421–428. 10.3109/01612840.2016.1162882
9. Ben Natan, M., & Hochman, O. (2017). Patient-centered care in healthcare and its implementation in nursing. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 10(1), 596–600
10. Berger, M. L. (2003). Health care cost, quality, and outcomes: ISPOR book of terms. Lawrenceville: International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
11. Berwick, D. M., Nolan, T. W., & Whittington, J. (2008). The triple aim: Care, health, and cost. Health Affairs, 27(3), 759–769. 10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.759
12. Bird, C. E., Lang, M. E., & Rieker, P. P. (2010). Changing gendered patterns of morbidity and mortality. In E. Kuhlmann, E. Annandale (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of gender and health care (pp. 125–141). New York: Palgrave Macmillan
13. Bird, C. E., & Rieker, P. P. (2008). Gender and health: The effects of constrained choices and social policies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
14. Blanchard, J., & Lurie, N. (2004). RESPECT: Patient reports of disrespect in the health care setting and its impact on care. Journal of Family Practice, 53(9), 721–730
15. Blixen, C. E., Kanuch, S., Perzynski, A. T., Thomas, C., Dawson, N. V., & Sajatovic, M. (2016). Barriers to self-management of serious mental illness and diabetes. American Journal of Health Behavior, 40(2), 194–204
16. Blythe, J., & White, J. (2012). Role of the mental health nurse towards physical health care in serious mental illness: An integrative review of 10 years of UK literature. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 21(3), 193–201
17. Bock, G., & Whelan, J. & Ciba Foundation (1991). The childhood environment and adult disease. Chichester: Wiley
18. Borba, C. P., DePadilla, L., McCarty, F. A., von Esenwein, S. A., Druss, B. G., & Sterk, C. E. (2012). A qualitative study examining the perceived barriers and facilitators to medical healthcare services among women with a serious mental illness. Womens Health Issues, 22(2), e217–e224
19. Boscoe, F. P. (2011). Geographic proximity to treatment for early stage breast cancer and likelihood of mastectomy. Breast, 20(4), 324–328. 10.1016/j.breast.2011.02.020
20. Bradshaw, T., & Pedley, R. (2012). Evolving role of mental health nurses in the physical health care of people with serious mental health illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 21(3), 266–273
21. Braveman, P., & Barclay, C. (2009). Health disparities beginning in childhood: A life-course perspective. Pediatrics, 124(Suppl 3), 163–175. 10.1542/peds.2009-1100D
22. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513–531
23. Burton, L. M., Lichter, D. T., Baker, R. S., & Eason, J. M. (2013). Inequality, family processes, and health in the “New” Rural America. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(8), 1128–1151. 10.1177/0002764213487348
24. Cabassa, L. J., Gomes, A. P., Meyreles, Q., Capitelli, L., Younge, R., Dragatsi, D., … Lewis-Fern·ndez, R. (2014). Primary health care experiences of hispanics with serious mental illness: A mixed-methods study. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 41(6), 724–736
25. Calkins, L. E., Michelson, I. R., & Corso, A. S. (2013). Provider proximity as a predictor of referral rate and success. Psychological Services, 10(4), 395–400. 10.1037/a0029988
26. Calo, W. A., Cubillos, L., Breen, J., Hall, M., Rojas, K. F., Mooneyham, R., … Reuland, D. S. (2015). Experiences of Latinos with limited English proficiency with patient registration systems and their interactions with clinic front office staff: An exploratory study to inform community-based translational research in North Carolina. BMC Health Services Research, 15, 570
27. Carroll, J. E., Diez-Roux, A. V., Adler, N. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2013). Socioeconomic factors and leukocyte telomere length in a multi-ethnic sample: Findings from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 28, 108–114. 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.10.024
28. Carter, A., Greene, S., Nicholson, V., O’Brien, N., Dahlby, J., de Pokomandy, A., … Team, C. R. (2016). “It’s a very isolating world’: The journey to HIV care for women living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada. Gender Place and Culture, 23(7), 941–954. 10.1080/0966369x.2015.1073701
29. Castner, J., Wu, Y.-W. B., Mehrok, N., Gadre, A., & Hewner, S. (2015). Frequent emergency department utilization and behavioral health diagnoses. Nursing Research, 64(1), 3–12. 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000065
30. Cefalu, W. T. (2017). Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care, 40(1), S120–S127
31. Chee Khoon, C. (2009). Choosing health, constrained choices. Global Health Promotion, 16(4), 54–57. 10.1177/1757975909348131
32. Cheng, T. L., & Solomon, B. S. (2014). Translating life course theory to clinical practice to address health disparities. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(2), 389–395. 10.1007/s10995-013-1279-9
33. Chhabra, K. R., Pollak, K. I., Lee, S. J., Back, A. L., Goldman, R. E., & Tulsky, J. A. (2013). Physician communication styles in initial consultations for hematological cancer. Patient Education and Counseling, 93(3), 573–578. 10.1016/j.pec.2013.08.023
34. Chin, M. H., Zhang, J. X., & Merrell, K. (1998). Diabetes in the African-American Medicare population: Morbidity, quality of care, and resource utilization. Diabetes Care, 21(7), 1090–1095
35. Chronister, J., Chou, C.-C., & Liao, H.-Y. (2013). The role of stigma, coping, and social support in mediating the effect of social stigma on internalized stigma, mental health recovery, and quality of life among people with Serious Mental Illness. Journal of Community Psychology, 41(5), 582–600. 10.1002/jcop.21558
36. Cicchetti, D. (2013). Annual research review: Resilient functioning in maltreated children–past, present, and future perspectives. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(4), 402–422. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x
37. Clarke, C. A., Miller, T., Chang, E. T., Yin, D. X., Cockburn, M., & Gomez, S. L. (2010). Racial and social class gradients in life expectancy in contemporary California. Social Science & Medicine, 70(9), 1373–1380. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.003
38. Clausen, W., Watanabe-Galloway, S., Bill Baerentzen, M., & Britigan, D. H. (2016). Health literacy among people with serious mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(4), 399–405. 10.1007/s10597-015-9951-8
39. Cole, K. O. W., Gudzune, K. A., Bleich, S. N., Cheskin, L. J., Bennett, W. L., Cooper, L. A., & Roter, D. L. (2017). Providing prenatal care to pregnant women with overweight or obesity: Differences in provider communication and ratings of the patient-provider relationship by patient body weight. Patient Education and Counseling, 100(6), 1103–1110. 10.1016/j.pec.2016.12.030
40. Collins, E., Tranter, S., & Irvine, F. (2012). The physical health of the seriously mentally ill: An overview of the literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 19(7), 638–646. 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01831.x
41. Corrigan, P., & Rüsch, N. (2002). Mental illness stereotypes and clinical care: Do people avoid treatment because of stigma? American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 6(3), 312–334
42. Cox, K., Mahone, I., & Merwin, E. (2008). Improving the quality of rural nursing care. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 26, 175–194
43. Crisp, A. H., Gelder, M. G., Rix, S., Meltzer, H. I., & Rowlands, O. J. (2000). Stigmatisation of people with mental illnesses. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 4–7
44. Cubanski, J., & Neuman, P. (2010). Medicare doesn’t work as well for younger, disabled beneficiaries as it does for older enrollees. Health Affairs, 29(9), 1725–1733. 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0962
45. Cummins, S., Curtis, S., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Macintyre, S. (2007). Understanding and representing ‘place’ in health research: A relational approach. Social Science & Medicine, 65(9), 1825–1838. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.036
46. Dahlem, C. H., Villarruel, A. M., & Ronis, D. L. (2015). African American women and prenatal care: Perceptions of patient-provider interaction. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 37(2), 217–235. 10.1177/0193945914533747
47. Davies, B., Steele, R., Krueger, G., Albersheim, S., Baird, J., Bifirie, M., … Zhao, Y. (2017). Best practice in provider/parent interaction. Qualitative Health Research, 27(3), 406–420. 10.1177/1049732316664712
48. De Hert, M., Cohen, D., Bobes, J., Cetkovich-Bakmas, M., Leucht, S., Ndetei, D. M., … Correll, C. U. (2011). Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. Barriers to care, monitoring and treatment guidelines, plus recommendations at the system and individual level. World Psychiatry, 10(2), 138–151
49. Degenholtz, H. B., Park, M., Kang, Y. H., & Nadash, P. (2016). Variations among medicare beneficiaries living in different settings: Demographics, health status, and service use. Research on Aging, 38(5), 602–616. 10.1177/0164027515598557
50. DeGuzman, P. B., Merwin, E. I., & Bourguignon, C. (2013). Population density, distance to public transportation, and health of women in low-income neighborhoods. Public Health Nursing, 30(6), 478–490. 10.1111/phn.12051
51. Detz, A., Mangione, C. M., de Jaimes, F. N., Noguera, C., Morales, L. S., Tseng, C. H., & Moreno, G. (2014). Language concordance, interpersonal care, and diabetes self-care in Rural Latino patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29(12), 1650–1656. 10.1007/s11606-014-3006-7
52. Dossett, M. L., Mu, L., Davis, R. B., Bell, I. R., Lembo, A. J., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Yeh, G. Y. (2015). Patient-provider interactions affect symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux disease: A pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0136855. 10.1371/journal.pone.0136855
53. Drapalski, A. L., Milford, J., Goldberg, R. W., Brown, C. H., & Dixon, L. B. (2008). Perceived barriers to medical care and mental health care among veterans with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 59(8), 921–924
54. Druss, B. G., Zhao, L., Von Esenwein, S., Morrato, E. H., & Marcus, S. C. (2011). Understanding excess mortality in persons with Mental Illness 17-year follow up of a nationally representative US survey. Medical Care, 49(6), 599–604. 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31820bf86e
55. Ehrlich, C., Kendall, E., Frey, N., Kisely, S., & Crowe, E. (2014). Improving the physical health of people with severe mental illness: Boundaries of care provision. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 23(3), 243–251. 10.1111/inm.12050
56. Elder, G. H. Jr. (1998). The life course as developmental theory. Society for Research in Child Development, 69(1), 1–12
57. Ellis, B. H., Lincoln, A. K., Charney, M. E., Ford-Paz, R., Benson, M., & Strunin, L. (2010). Mental health service utilization of Somali adolescents: Religion, community, and school as gateways to healing. Transcultural Psychiatry, 47(5), 789–811. 10.1177/1363461510379933
58. Entwistle, V. A., Carter, S. M., Cribb, A., & McCaffery, K. (2010). Supporting patient autonomy: The importance of clinician-patient relationships. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(7), 741–745. 10.1007/s11606-010-1292-2
59. Epstein, F. H. (1996). Cardiovascular disease epidemiology: A journey from the past into the future. Circulation, 93(9), 1755–1764
60. Evans, G. W., & Kim, P. (2010). Multiple risk exposure as a potential explanatory mechanism for the socioeconomic status-health gradient. In N. E. Adler & J. Stewart (Eds.), Biology of disadvantage: Socioeconomic status and health (Vol. 1186, pp. 174–189). San Francisco: University of California
61. Fox, J., Merwin, E., & Blank, M. (1995). De Facto mental health services in the Rural South. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 6(4), 434–468. 10.1353/hpu.2010.0003
62. Frohlich, K. L., Corin, E., & Potvin, L. (2001). A theoretical proposal for the relationship between context and disease. Sociology of Health & Illness, 23(6), 776–797
63. Galvan, F. H., Bogart, L. M., Klein, D. J., Wagner, G. J., & Chen, Y. T. (2017). Medical mistrust as a key mediator in the association between perceived discrimination and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive Latino men. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 10.1007/s10865-017-9843-1
64. Gerwing, J., Indseth, T., & Gulbrandsen, P. (2016). A microanalysis of the clarity of information in physicians’ and patients’ discussions of treatment plans with and without language barriers. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(4), 522–529. 10.1016/j.pec.2015.10.012
65. Gold, M. R., Stevenson, D., & Fryback, D. G. (2002). HALYs and QALYs and DALYs, oh my: Similarities and differences in summary measures of population health. Annual Review of Public Health, 23(1), 115–134
66. Graumlich, J. F., Wang, H., Madison, A., Wolf, M. S., Kaiser, D., Dahal, K., & Morrow, D. G. (2016). Effects of a patient-provider, collaborative, medication-planning tool: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2016(9), 1–16
67. Grimes, C. E., Bowman, K. G., Dodgion, C. M., & Lavy, C. B. (2011). Systematic review of barriers to surgical care in low-income and middle-income countries. World Journal of Surgery, 35(5), 941–950. 10.1007/s00268-011-1010-1
68. Haas, S. (2008). Trajectories of functional health: The ‘long arm’ of childhooc health and socioeconomic factors. Social Science & Medicine, 66, 849–861
69. Halfon, N. (2012). Addressing health inequalities in the US: A life course health development approach. Social Science & Medicine, 74(5), 671–673. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.016
70. Halfon, N., & Hochstein, M. (2002). Life course health development: An integrated framework for developing health, policy, and research. Milbank Quarterly, 80(3), 433–479. 10.1111/1468-0009.00019
71. Hall, J. A., Epstein, A. M., DeCiantis, M. L., & McNeil, B. J. (1993). Physicians’ liking for their patients: More evidence for the role of affect in medical care. Health Psychology, 12, 140–146
72. Hamann, J., Leucht, S., & Kissling, W. (2003). Shared decision making in psychiatry. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107(6), 403–409. 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00130.x
73. Hancock, A. (2007). Intersectionality as a normative and empirical paradigm. Politics and Gender, 3(2), 248–253
74. Hankivsky, O., Reid, C., Cormier, R., Varcoe, C., Clark, N., Benoit, C., & Brotman, S. (2010). Exploring the promises of intersectionality for advancing women’s health research. International Journal for Equity in Health. 10.1186/1475-9276-9-5
75. Hanrahan, N. P., Rolin-Kenny, D., Roman, J., Kumar, A., Aiken, L., & Blank, M. (2011). Promoting self-care management among persons with serious mental illness and HIV. Home Health Care Management and Practice, 23(6), 421–427. 10.1177/1084822311405457
76. Happell, B., Scott, D., Platania-Phung, C., & Nankivell, J. (2012). Should we or shouldn’t we? Mental health nurses’ views on physical health care of mental health consumers. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 21(3), 202–210. 10.1111/j.1447-0349.2011.00799.x
77. Hargraves, I., LeBlanc, A., Shah, N. D., & Montori, V. M. (2016). Shared decision making: The need for patient-clinician conversation, not just information. Health Affairs, 35(4), 627–629. 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1354
78. Hauenstein, E. J. (1996). A nursing practice paradigm for depressed rural women: Theoretical basis. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(5), 283–292. 10.1016/s0883-9417(96)80037-9
79. Hauenstein, E. J. (2003). No comfort in the Rural South: Women living depressed. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 17(1), 3–11
80. Hauenstein, E. J. (2008). Building the rural mental health system: From De Facto system to quality care. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 26, 143–173
81. Hauenstein, E. J. (2012). Women and depression: Theoretical perspectives and research outcomes. In J. J. Fitzpatrick & M. W. Kazer (Eds.), Encyclopedia of nursing research (3rd ed., pp. 119–122). New York: Springer Publishing Company
82. Hauenstein, E. J., & Peddada, S. D. (2007). Prevalence of major depressive episodes in Rural Women using primary care. Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved, 18(1), 185–202
83. Hauenstein, E. J., Petterson, S., Merwin, E., Rovnyak, V., Heise, B., & Wagner, D. (2006). Rurality, gender, and mental health treatment. Family & Community Health, 29(3), 169–185
84. Hauenstein, E. J., Petterson, S., Rovnyak, V., Merwin, E., Heise, B., & Wagner, D. (2007). Rurality and mental health treatment. Administration and Policy in Mental Health. 10.1007/s10488-006-0105-8
85. Hausmann, L. R. M., Hannon, M. J., Kresevic, D. M., Hanusa, B. H., Kwoh, C. K., & Ibrahim, S. A. (2011). Impact of perceived discrimination in health care on patient-provider communication. Medical Care, 49(7), 626–633. 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318215d93c
86. Haynes, T. F., Cheney, A. M., Sullivan, J. G., Bryant, K., Curran, G. M., Olson, M., … Reaves, C. (2017). Addressing mental health needs: Perspectives of African Americans living in the Rural South. Psychiatric Services, 68(6), 573–578. 10.1176/appi.ps.201600208
87. Haywood, C., Lanzkron, S., Bediako, S., Strouse, J. J., Haythornthwaite, J., Carroll, C. P., … Investigators, I. (2014). Perceived discrimination, patient trust, and adherence to medical recommendations among persons with sickle cell disease. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29(12), 1657–1662. 10.1007/s11606-014-2986-7
88. Herd, P., Goesling, B., & House, J. S. (2007). Socioeconomic position and health: The differential effects of education versus income on the onset versus progression of health problems. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 48(3), 223–238
89. Hill, S. E., Bell, C., Bowie, J. V., Kelley, E., Furr-Holden, D., LaVeist, T. A., & Thorpe, R. J. (2017). Differences in obesity among men of diverse racial and ethnic background. American Journal of Mens Health, 11(4), 984–989. 10.1177/1557988315580348
90. Hudelson, P. (2005). Improving patient-provider communication: Insights from interpreters. Family Practice, 22(3), 311–316. 10.1093/fampra/cmi015
91. Hughes, R., & United States (2008). Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
92. Hunt, S. C., Chen, W., Gardner, J. P., Kimura, M., Srinivasan, S. R., Eckfeldt, J. H., … Aviv, A. (2008). Leukocyte telomeres are longer in African Americans than in Whites: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study and the Bogalusa Heart Study. Aging Cell, 7(4), 451–458. 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00397.x
93. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press
94. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2006). Improving the quality of health care for mental and substance-use conditions. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
95. Iturralde, E., Weissberg-Benchell, J., & Hood, K. K. (2016). Avoidant coping and diabetes-related distress: Pathways to adolescents’ Type 1 diabetes outcomes. Health Psychology, 36(3), 236–244. 10.1037/hea0000445
96. Jackson, C. S., Oman, M., Patel, A. M., & Vega, K. J. (2016). Health disparities in colorectal cancer among racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 7(Suppl 1), 32–43. 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.039
97. Jameson, J. P., & Blank, M. (2010). Diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety in rural and nonrural primary care: National survey results. Psychiatric Services, 61(6), 624–627
98. Jayasinghe, U. W., Harris, M. F., Parker, S. M., Litt, J., van Driel, M., & Mazza, D., … On behalf of the Preventive Evidence into Practice Partnership (2016). The impact of health literacy and life style risk factors on health-related quality of life of Australian patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 14, 68. 10.1186/s12955-016-0471-1. G
99. Jochems, E. C., van Dam, A., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Scheffer, S. C., van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M., & Mulder, N. L. (2016). Different perspectives of clinicians and patients with severe mental illness on motivation for treatment. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 23(5), 438–451
100. Kane, C. F., Thompson-Heisterman, A., Hinton, I. D., Burkett, B. J., Merwin, E., & Chen, D. (2001). In Outcomes for patients discharged from state psychiatric inpatient care. Charlottesville: Report prepared for Office of the Inspector General, Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center, University of Virginia Health System
101. Kang, J. S., Kim, E., Park, J., Medalia, A., & Choi, K.-H. (2017). The role of clinician in learning and motivation during cognitive remediation for people with severe mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(1), S215
102. Kaplan, R. M., Howard, V. J., Safford, M. M., & Howard, G. (2015). Educational attainment and longevity: Results from the REGARDS US national cohort study of blacks and whites. Annals of Epidemiology, 25(5), 323–328. 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.01.017
103. Kawatkar, A. A., Knight, T. K., Moss, R. A., Sikirica, V., Chu, L. H., Hodgkins, P., … Nichol, M. B. (2014). Impact of mental health comorbidities on health care utilization and expenditure in a large US managed care adult population with ADHD. Value in Health, 17(6), 661–668. 10.1016/j.jval.7014.06.002
104. Kindig, D. A. (2007). Understanding population health terminology. The Milbank Quarterly, 85(1), 139–161
105. Kruse, R. L., Olsberg, J. E., Oliver, D. P., Shigaki, C. L., Vetter-Smith, M. J., & LeMaster, J. W. (2013). Patient-provider communication about diabetes self-care activities. Family Medicine, 45(5), 319–322
106. Kuh, D., & Ben-Shlomo, Y. (2004). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press
107. Kutner, M., Greenburg, E., Jin, Y., & Pausen, C. (2006). Health literacy of America’s adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Washington: US Department of Education. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=ehh&jid=%223GV1%22&scope=site
108. Kwon, T. Y. (2015). Identifying depressive symptom trajectory groups among Korean adults and psychosocial factors as group determinants. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61, 394–403. 10.1177/0020764015573847
109. Laursen, T. M., Musliner, K. L., Benros, M. E., Vestergaard, M., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2016). Mortality and life expectancy in persons with severe unipolar depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 193, 203–207. 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.067
110. Lawrence, D., & Kisely, S. (2010). Inequalities in healthcare provision for people with severe mental illness. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 24(Suppl 4), 61–68
111. Leung, J., Smith, A., Atherton, I., & McLaughlin, D. (2016). “Everybody knows everybody else’s business"—Privacy in Rural communities. Journal of Cancer Education, 31(4), 811–812. 10.1007/s13187-015-0862-8
112. Levesque, J. F., Harris, M. F., & Russell, G. (2013). Patient-centred access to health care: Conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. International Journal of Equity in Health. 10.1186/1475-9276-12-18
113. Linz, S. J., & Sturm, B. A. (2013). The phenomenon of social isolation in the severely mentally ill. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 49(4), 243–254
114. Liu, N. H., Daumit, G. L., Dua, T., Aquila, R., Charlson, F., Cuijpers, P., … Saxena, S. (2017). Excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorders: A multilevel intervention framework and priorities for clinical practice, policy and research agendas. World Psychiatry, 16(1), 30–40. 10.1002/wps.20384
115. Ljungqvist, I., Topor, A., Forssell, H., Svensson, I., & Davidson, L. (2016). Money and mental illness: A study of the relationship between poverty and serious psychological problems. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(7), 842–850. 10.1007/s10597-015-9950-9
116. Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 434–445. 10.1038/nrn2639
117. Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., & Cummins, S. (2002). Place effects on health: How can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them? Social Science & Medicine, 55(1), 125–139. 10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00214-3
118. Mason, M. J., Korpela, K., Mennis, J., Coatsworth, J. D., Valente, T. W., Pomponio, A., & Pate, P. A. (2010). Patterns of place based self regulation and associated mental health of urban adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(2), 155–171
119. Matthias, M. S., Parpart, A. L., Nyland, K. A., Huffman, M. A., Stubbs, D. L., Sargent, C., & Bair, M. J. (2010). The patient-provider relationship in chronic pain care: Providers’ perspectives. Pain Medicine, 11(11), 1688–1697. 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00980.x
120. Mayberry, R. M., Nicewander, D. A., Qin, H., & Ballard, D. J. (2006). Improving quality and reducing inequities: A challenge in achieving best care. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 19(2), 103–118
121. McEwen, B. S. (1998). Stress, adaptation, and disease—Allostasis and allostatic load. In S. M. McCann, J. M. Lipton, E. M. Sternberg, G. P. Chrousos, P. W. Gold & C. C. Smith (Eds.), Neuroimmunomodulation: Molecular aspects, integrative systems, and clinical advances (Vol. 840, pp. 33–44). New York: New York Academy of Sciences
122. Meeusen, A. J., & Porter, R. (2015). Patient-reported use of personalized video recordings to improve neurosurgical patient-provider communication. Cureus, 7(6), e273. 10.7759/cureus.273
123. Mehta, P. K., Wei, J., & Wenger, N. K. (2015). Ischemic heart disease in women: A focus on risk factors. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 25(2), 140–151. 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005
124. Merwin, E., Hinton, I., Dembling, B., & Stern, S. (2003). Shortages of rural mental health professionals. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 17(1), 42–51. 10.1053/apnu.2003.1
125. Merwin, E., Snyder, A., & Katz, E. (2006). Differential access to quality rural healthcare—Professional and policy challenges. Family & Community Health, 29(3), 186–194
126. Miller, B. J., Paschall, C. B., III, & Svendsen, D. P. (2006). Mortality and medical comorbidity among patients with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 57(10), 1482–1487
127. Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2010). Harsh family climate in early life presages the emergence of a proinflammatory phenotype in adolescence. Psychological Science, 21(6), 848–856. 10.1177/0956797610370161
128. Mistiaen, P., Osch, M., Vliet, L., Howick, J., Bishop, F. L., Di Blasi, Z., … Dulmen, S. (2016). The effect of patient-practitioner communication on pain: A systematic review. European Journal of Pain, 20(5), 675–688
129. Monnat, S. M., & Chandler, R. F. (2015). Long-term physical health consequences of adverse childhood experiences. The Sociological Quarterly, 56(4), 723–752. 10.1111/tsq.12107
130. Monson, E., Paquet, C., Daniel, M., Brunet, A., & Caron, J. (2016). Place and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 29(4), 293–300. 10.1002/jts.22108
131. Moore, R. C., Marquine, M. J., Straus, E., Depp, C. A., Moore, D. J., Schiehser, D. M., … Eyler, L. T. (2017). Predictors and barriers to mental health treatment utilization among older veterans living with HIV. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 10.4088/PCC.16m02059
132. Morlock, L. L. (1989). Recognition and treatment of mental health problems in the general health sector. In C. A. Taube, D. Mechanic & A. A. Hohmann (Eds.), The future of mental health services research (pp. 39–61). Rockville: National Institute of Mental Health
133. Neumann, M., Edelhauser, F., Kreps, G. L., Scheffer, C., Lutz, G., Tauschel, D., & Visser, A. (2010). Can patient-provider interaction increase the effectiveness of medical treatment or even substitute it?—An exploration on why and how to study the specific effect of the provider. Patient Education and Counseling, 80(3), 307–314. 10.1016/j.pec.2010.07.020
134. Oetzel, J., Wilcox, B., Avila, M., Hill, R., Archiopoli, A., & Ginossar, T. (2015). Patient-provider interaction, patient satisfaction, and health outcomes: testing explanatory models for people living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 27(8), 972–978. 10.1080/09540121.2015.1015478
135. Panelli, R., & Gallagher, L. M. (2003). “It’s your whole way of life really”: Negotiating work, health and gender. Health & Place, 9(2), 95–105
136. Parry, C. D., Blank, M. B., & Pithey, A. L. (2007). Responding to the threat of HIV among persons with mental illness and substance abuse. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 20(3), 235–241
137. Paton, C., Esop, R., Young, C., & Taylor, D. (2004). Obesity, dyslipidaemias and smoking in an inpatient population treated with antipsychotic drugs. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110(4), 299–305. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00372.x
138. Peek, M. E., Lopez, F. Y., Williams, H. S., Xu, L. J., McNulty, M. C., Acree, M. E., & Schneider, J. A. (2016). Development of a conceptual framework for understanding shared decision making among African-American LGBT patients and their clinicians. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 31(6), 677–687
139. Perry, B. L., & Pescosolido, B. A. (2015). Social network activation: the role of health discussion partners in recovery from mental illness. Social Science & Medicine, 125, 116–128. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.12.033
140. Pescosolido, B. A., Gardner, C. B., & Lubell, K. M. (1998). How people get into mental health services: Stories of choice, coercion and “muddling through” from “first-timers”. Social Science & Medicine, 46(2), 275–286
141. Pescosolido, B. A., Monahan, J., Link, B. G., Stueve, A., & Kikuzawa, S. (1999). The public’s view of the competence, dangerousness, and need for legal coercion of persons with mental health problems. American Journal of Public Health, 89(9), 1339–1345. 10.2105/ajph.89.9.1339
142. Petterson, S., Williams, I. C., Hauenstein, E. J., Rovnyak, V., & Merwin, E. (2009). Race and ethnicity and rural mental health treatment. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(3), 662–677
143. Phelan, M., Stradins, L., & Morrison, S. (2001). Physical health of people with severe mental illness—Can be improved if primary care and mental health professionals pay attention to it. British Medical Journal, 322(7284), 443–444. 10.1136/bmj.322.7284.443
144. Piatt, E. E., Munetz, M. R., & Ritter, C. (2010). An examination of premature mortality among decedents with Serious Mental Illness and those in the general population. Psychiatric Services, 61(7), 663–668
145. Pilnick, A., Hindmarsh, J., & Gill, V. T. (2009). Beyond ‘doctor and patient’: Developments in the study of healthcare interactions. Sociology of Health & Illness, 31(6), 787–802. 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01194.x
146. Poortaghi, S., Raiesifar, A., Bozorgzad, P., Golzari, S. E., Parvizy, S., & Rafii, F. (2015). Evolutionary concept analysis of health seeking behavior in nursing: A systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 15, 523. 10.1186/s12913-015-1181-9
147. Popay, J., Thomas, C., Williams, G., Bennett, S., Gatrell, A., & Bostock, L. (2003). A proper place to live: Health inequalities, agency and the normative dimensions of space. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 55–69
148. Popolo, A., Autore, G., Pinto, A., & Marzocco, S. (2013). Oxidative stress in patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic renal failure. Free Radical Research, 47(5), 346–356. 10.3109/10715762.2013.779373
149. Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(3), 390–395
150. Qamar, N., Pappalardo, A. A., Arora, V. M., & Press, V. G. (2011). Patient-centered care and its effect on outcomes in the treatment of asthma. Patient Related Outcome Measures, 2, 81–109. 10.2147/PROM.S12634
151. Raeisi-Giglou, P., Volgman, A. S., Patel, H., Campbell, S., Villablanca, A., & Hsich, E. (2017). Advances in Cardiovascular Health in women over the past decade: Guideline recommendations for practice. Journal of Womens Health. 10.1089/jwh.2016.6316
152. Raue, P. J., Schulberg, H. C., Heo, M., Klimstra, S., & Bruce, M. L. (2009). Patients’ depression treatment preferences and initiation, adherence, and outcome: A randomized primary care study. Psychiatric Services, 60(3), 337–343
153. Robinson, J. D., Turner, J. W., Levine, B., & Tian, Y. (2010). Patient-provider interaction and the regulation of diabetes mellitus. Health Communication, 25(6–7), 597–598. 10.1080/10410236.2010.496831
154. Robson, D., & Gray, R. (2007). Serious mental illness and physical health problems: A discussion paper. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(3), 457–466. 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.07.013
155. Ruberton, P. M., Huynh, H. P., Miller, T. A., Kruse, E., Chancellor, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2016). The relationship between physician humility, physician-patient communication, and patient health. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(7), 1138–1145
156. Russ, S. A., Larson, K., Tullis, E., & Halfon, N. (2014). A lifecourse approach to health development: Implications for the maternal and child health research agenda. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(2), 497–510. 10.1007/s10995-013-1284-z
157. Saatcioglu, B., & Corus, C. (2014). Poverty and intersectionality: A multidimensional look into the lives of the impoverished. Journal of Macromarketing, 34(2), 122–132. 10.1177/0276146713520600
158. Sameroff, A. J., Seifer, R., Baldwin, A., & Baldwin, C. (1993). Stability of intelligence from preschool to adolescence: The influence of social and family risk factors. Child Development, 64(1), 80–97. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02896.x
159. Sameroff, A. J., Seifer, R., Barocas, R., Zax, M., & Greenspan, S. (1987). Intelligence quotient scores of 4-year old children: Social-environmental risk factors. Pediatrics, 79(3), 343–350
160. Schattner, A. (2014). The clinical encounter revisited. American Journal of Medicine, 127(4), 268–274. 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.11.015
161. Schillinger, D., Wang, F., Rodriguez, M., Bindman, A., & Machtinger, E. L. (2006). The importance of establishing regimen concordance in preventing medication errors in anticoagulant care. Journal of Health Communication, 11(6), 555–567. 10.1080/10810730600829874
162. Schulze, B. (2007). Stigma and mental health professionals: A review of the evidence on an intricate relationship. International Review of Psychiatry, 19(2), 137–155
163. Seng, J. S., Lopez, W. D., Sperlich, M., Hamama, L., & Meldrum, C. D. R. (2012). Marginalized identities, discrimination burden, and mental health: Empirical exploration of an interpersonal-level approach to modeling intersectionality. Social Science & Medicine, 75(12), 2437–2445. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.023
164. Shrivastava, A., Johnston, M., & Bureau, Y. (2012). Stigma of mental illness-1: Clinical reflections. MSM, 10(1), 70–84
165. Shuler, K. M. (2014). Approaches to improve adherence to pharmacotherapy in patients with schizophrenia. Patient Preference Adherence, 8, 701–714
166. Simien, E. (2007). Doing intersectionality research: From conceptual issues to practical examples. Politics and Gender, 3(2), 264–271
167. Smith, S. G., Wolf, M. S., & von Wagner, C. (2010). Socioeconomic status, statistical confidence, and patient-provider communication: An analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2007). Journal of Health Communication, 15(Suppl 3), 169–185. 10.1080/10810730.2010.522690
168. Socías, M. E., Koehoorn, M., & Shoveller, J. (2016). Gender inequalities in access to health care among adults living in British Columbia, Canada. Women’s Health Issues, 26(1), 74–79. 10.1016/j.whi.2015.08.001
169. Söderhamn, O. (1998). Self-care ability in a group of elderly Swedish people: A phenomenological study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(4), 745–753
170. Sorkin, D. H., Murphy, M., Nguyen, H., & Biegler, K. A. (2016). Barriers to mental health care for an ethnically and racially diverse sample of older adults. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 64(10), 2138–2143
171. Stern, S., Merwin, E., Hauenstein, E., Hinton, I., Rovnyak, V., Wilson, M., … Mahone, I. (2010). The effects of rurality on mental and physical health. Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 10(1–2), 33–66. 10.1007/s10742-010-0062-2
172. Stiffman, A. R., Pescosolido, B., & Cabassa, L. J. (2004). Building a model to understand youth service access: The Gateway Provider Model. Mental Health Services Research, 6(4), 189–198. 10.1023/b:mhsr.0000044745.09952.33
173. Strachan, D. P. (1997). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press
174. Syed, S. T., Gerber, B. S., & Sharp, L. K. (2013). Traveling towards disease: Transportation barriers to health care access. Journal of Community Health, 38(5), 976–993. 10.1007/s10900-013-9681-1
175. Thomas, T. L., DiClemente, R., & Snell, S. (2014). Overcoming the triad of rural health disparities: How local culture, lack of economic opportunity, and geographic location instigate health disparities. Health Education Journal, 73(3), 285–294. 10.1177/0017896912471049
176. Thongsai, S., Gray, R., & Bressington, D. (2016). The physical health of people with schizophrenia in Asia: Baseline findings from a physical health check programme. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 23(5), 255–266. 10.1111/jpm.12300
177. Tsouroufli, M., Rees, C. E., Monrouxe, L. V., & Sundaram, V. (2011). Gender, identities and intersectionality in medical education research. Medical Education, 45(3), 213–216. 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03908.x
178. U. K. Department of Health (2002). The social and economic circumstances of adults with mental disorders (Report No. 0116215631). London: TSO. Retrieved from http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistics/DH_4081142
179. van Hasselt, F. M., Oud, M. J. T., & Loonen, A. J. M. (2013). Improvement of care for the physical health of patients with Severe Mental Illness: A qualitative study assessing the view of patients and families. BMC Health Services Research, 13, 426–426. 10.1186/1472-6963-13-426
180. Vedana, K. G. G., Silva, D. R. A., Miasso, A. I., Zanetti, A. C. G., & Borges, T. L. (2017). The meaning of stigma for people with mental disorders in Brazil. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 10.1080/01612840.2017.1346013
181. Veenstra, G. (2011). Race, gender, class, and sexual orientation: Intersecting axes of inequality and self-rated health in Canada. International Journal for Equity in Health. 10.1186/1475-9276-10-3
182. Velligan, D. I., Roberts, D. L., Sierra, C., Fredrick, M. M., & Roach, M. J. (2016). What patients with severe mental illness transitioning from hospital to community have to say about care and shared decision-making. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 37(6), 400–405. 10.3109/01612840.2015.1132289
183. Velligan, D. I., Sajatovic, M., Hatch, A., Kramata, P., & Docherty, J. P. (2017). Why do psychiatric patients stop antipsychotic medication? A systematic review of reasons for nonadherence to medication in patients with serious mental illness. Patient Preference and Adherence, 11, 449–468. 10.2147/ppa.s124658
184. Viron, M. J., & Stern, T. A. (2010). The impact of serious mental illness on health and healthcare. Psychosomatics, 51(6), 458–465
185. Wadsworth, M. E. J. (1999). Social determinants of health. Oxford: Oxford University Press
186. Walby, S. (2007). Complexity theory, systems theory, and multiple intersecting social inequalities. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 37(4), 449–470. 10.1177/0048393107307663
187. Warner, D. F., & Brown, T. H. (2011). Understanding how race/ethnicity and gender define age-trajectories of disability: An intersectionality approach. Social Science & Medicine, 72(8), 1236–1248. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.034
188. White, A. M., Philogene, G. S., Fine, L., & Sinha, S. (2009). Social support and self-reported health status of older adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 99(10), 1872–1878. 10.2105/AJPH.2008.146894
189. White, R. O., Chakkalakal, R. J., Presley, C. A., Bian, A., Schildcrout, J. S., Wallston, K. A., … Rothman, R. (2016). Perceptions of provider communication among vulnerable patients with diabetes: Influences of medical mistrust and health literacy. Journal of Health Communication, 21(sup2), 127–134. 10.1080/10810730.2016.1207116
190. Whitson, H. E., Johnson, K. S., Sloane, R., Cigolle, C. T., Pieper, C. F., Landerman, L., & Hastings, S. N. (2016). Identifying patterns of multimorbidity in older Americans: Application of latent class analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(8), 1668–1673. 10.1111/jgs.14201
191. Winker, G., & Degele, N. (2011). Intersectionality as multi-level analysis: Dealing with social inequality. European Journal of Womens Studies, 18(1), 51–66. 10.1177/1350506810386084
192. Winterton, R., & Warburton, J. (2011). Models of care for socially isolated older rural carers: Barriers and implications. Rural and Remote Health, 11(3), 1678
193. Wright-Berryman, J. L., & Kim, H. W. (2016). Physical health decision-making autonomy preferences for adults with severe mental illness in integrated care. Journal of Social Service Research, 42(3), 281–294. 10.1080/01488376.2015.1093580