Medical mistrust as a key mediator in the association between perceived discrimination and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive Latino men

Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 784-793

  Galvan, Frank H ^a   Bogart, Laura M ^b   Klein, David J ^b   Wagner, Glenn J ^b   Chen, Ying Tung ^a  

^a Bienestar Human Services   (United States)

^b RAND CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy; Discrimination; HIV AIDS; Latino Hispanic; Medication adherence; Men who have sex with men

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ETHNICITY; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MEDIATOR; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN; MODEL; NONHUMAN; SKILL; ADULT; ETHNOLOGY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION; TRUST;

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ADULT; ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION; TRUST;

EID: 85015921198     PISSN: 01607715     EISSN: 15733521     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9843-1     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. 500,000 march in L.A. against immigration bill. (2006, March 26). Associated Press. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2006/03/25/AR2006032501352.html
2. Ai, A. L., Aisenberg, E., Weiss, S. I., & Salazar, D. (2014). Racial/ethnic identity and subjective physical and mental health of Latino Americans: An asset within? American Journal of Community Psychology, 53, 173–184. doi:10.1007/s10464-014-9635-5
3. Bauermeister, J. A., Meanley, S., Hickok, A., Pingel, E., VanHemert, W., & Loveluck, J. (2014). Sexuality-related work discrimination and its association with the health of sexual minority emerging and young adult men in the Detroit Metro Area. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 11, 1–10. doi:10.1007/s13178-013-0139-0
4. Berg, K. M., & Arnsten, J. H. (2006). Practical and conceptual challenges in measuring antiretroviral adherence. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 43, S79–S87. doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000248337.97814.66
5. Berg, K. M., Wilson, I. B., Li, X., & Arnsten, J. H. (2012). Comparison of antiretroviral adherence questions. AIDS and Behavior, 16, 461–468. doi:10.1007/s10461-010-9864-z
6. Bogart, L. M., Landrine, H., Galvan, F. H., Wagner, G. J., & Klein, D. J. (2013). Perceived discrimination and physical health among HIV-positive Black and Latino men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 17(4), 1431–1441. doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0397-5
7. Bogart, L. M., Wagner, G., Galvan, F. H., & Banks, D. (2010). Conspiracy beliefs about HIV are related to antiretroviral treatment nonadherence among African American men with HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 53, 648–655. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181c57dbc
8. Brondolo, E., Hausmann, L. R., Jhalani, J., Pencille, M., Atencio-Bacayon, J., Kumar, A., et al. (2011). Dimensions of perceived racism and self-reported health: Examination of racial/ethnic differences and potential mediators. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 42, 14–28. doi:10.1007/s12160-011-9265-1
9. Calo, W. A., Cubillos, L., Breen, J., Hall, M., Rojas, K. F., Mooneyham, R., et al. (2015). Experiences of Latinos with limited English proficiency with patient registration systems and their interactions with clinic front office staff: An exploratory study to inform community-based translational research in North Carolina. BMC Health Services Research, 15, 1–9. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1235-z
10. Carlisle, S. K. (2015). Perceived discrimination and chronic health in adults from nine ethnic subgroups in the USA. Ethnicity & Health, 20, 309–326. doi:10.1080/13557858.2014.921891
11. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention. (2015). HIV among Hispanics/Latinos. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/group/racialethnic/hispaniclatinos/cdc-hiv-latinos.pdf
12. Corcoran, J., & Walsh, J. (2005). Cognitive-behavioral theory. In J. Corcoran (Ed.), Building strengths and skills: A collaborative approach to working with clients (pp. 36–57). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. Cuffee, Y. L., Hargraves, J. L., Rosal, M., Briesacher, B. A., Schoenthaler, A., Person, S., et al. (2013). Reported racial discrimination, trust in physicians, and medication adherence among inner-city African Americans with hypertension. American Journal of Public Health, 103, e55–e62. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301554
14. Dale, S. K., Bogart, L. M., Wagner, G. J., Galvan, F. H., & Klein, D. J. (2016). Medical mistrust is related to lower longitudinal medication adherence among African–American males with HIV. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(7), 1311–1321. doi:10.1177/1359105314551950
15. Dang, B. N., Giodano, T. P., & Kim, J. H. (2012). Sociocultural and structural barriers to care among undocumented Latino immigrants with HIV infection. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 14, 124–131. doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9542-x
16. Donnelly, R. (2010). Civic engagement and political participation in nine cities. In A. Bada, J. Fox, R. Donnelly, & A. Selee (Eds.), Context matters: Latino immigrant civic engagement in nine U.S. cities. Retrieved from https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Context%20Matters.pdf
17. Forsyth, J., Schoenthaler, A., Chaplin, W. F., Ogedegbe, G., & Ravenell, J. (2014). Perceived discrimination and medication adherence in black hypertensive patients: The role of stress and depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76, 229–236. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000043
18. Frye, V., Nandi, V., Egan, J., Cerda, M., Greene, E., Van Tieu, H., et al. (2015). Sexual orientation- and race-based discrimination and sexual HIV risk behavior among urban MSM. AIDS and Behavior, 19, 257–269. doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0937-2
19. Gant, Z., Bradley, H., Hu, X., Skarbinski, J., Hall, H. I., & Lansky, A. (2014). Hispanics or Latinos living with diagnosed HIV: Progress along the continuum of HIV Care—United States, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63, 886–890.
20. Gwadz, M., Applegate, E., Cleland, C., Leonard, N. R., Wolfe, H., Salomon, N., et al. (2014). HIV-infected individuals who delay, decline, or discontinue antiretroviral therapy: Comparing clinic- and peer-recruited cohorts. Frontiers in Public Health, 16, 1–14. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00081
21. Hahm, H. C., Ozonoff, A., Gaumond, J., & Sue, S. (2010). Perceived discrimination and health outcomes: a gender comparison among Asian-Americans nationwide. Womens Health Issues, 20, 350–358. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2010.05.002
22. Hall, W. J., Chapman, M. V., Lee, K. M., Merino, Y. M., Thomas, T. W., Payne, B. K., et al. (2015). Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 105, e60–e76. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903
23. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
24. Howarter, A. D., & Bennett, K. K. (2013). Perceived discrimination and health-related quality of life: Testing the Reserve Capacity Model in Hispanic Americans. Journal of Social Psychology, 153, 62–79. doi:10.1080/00224545.2012.703973
25. Huebner, D. M., & Davis, M. C. (2007). Perceived antigay discrimination and physical health outcomes. Health Psychology, 26, 627–634. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.5.627
26. Kalichman, S. C., Eaton, L., Kalichman, M. O., Grebler, T., Merely, C., & Welles, B. (2016). Race-based medical mistrust, medication beliefs and HIV treatment adherence: Test of a mediation model in people living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. doi:10.1007/s10865-016-9767-1
27. Lambda Legal. (2010). When health care isn’t caring: Lambda Legal’s Survey of Discrimination against LGBT People and People with HIV. Retrieved from www.lambdalegal.org/health-care-report
28. LaVeist, T. A., Isaac, L. A., & Williams, K. P. (2009). Mistrust of health care organizations is associated with underutilization of health services. Health Services Research, 44, 2093–2105. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.01017.x
29. LaVeist, T. A., Nickerson, K. J., & Bowie, J. V. (2000). Attitudes about racism, medical mistrust, and satisfaction with care among African American and White cardiac patients. Medical Care Research and Review, 57, 146–161.
30. Leong, F., Park, Y. S., & Kalibatseva, Z. (2013). Disentangling immigrant status in mental health: psychological protective and risk factors among Latino and Asian American immigrants. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83, 361–371. doi:10.1111/ajop.12020
31. McCarthy, J. (2015). Immigrant status tied to discrimination among Hispanics (Gallup). Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/184769/immigrant-status-tied-discrimination-among-hispanics.aspx
32. McClure, H. H., Snodgrass, J. J., Martinez, C. R., Eddy, J. M., Jimenex, R. A., & Isiordia, L. E. (2010). Discrimination, psychological stress, and health among Latin American immigrants in Oregon. American Journal of Human Biology, 22, 421–423. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21002
33. Ojeda, L., & Piña-Watson, B. (2013). Day laborers’ life satisfaction: The role of familismo, spirituality, work, health, and discrimination. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19, 270–278. doi:10.1037/a0032961
34. Ortega, A. N., Fang, H., Perez, V. H., Rizzo, J. A., Carter-Pokras, O., Wallace, S. P., et al. (2007). Health care access, use of services, and experiences among undocumented Mexicans and other Latinos. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 2354–2360. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2354
35. Pascoe, E. A., & Richman, L. S. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 531–554. doi:10.1037/a0016059
36. Peek, M. E., Lopez, F. Y., Williams, H. S., Xu, L., McNulty, M. C., Acree, M. E., et al. (2016). Development of a conceptual framework for understanding shared decision making among African-American LGBT patients and their clinicians. Journalof General Internal Medicine, 31, 677–687. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3616-3
37. Perreira, K. M., Gotman, N., Isasi, C. R., Arguelles, W., Castañeda, S. F., Daviglus, M. L., et al. (2015). Mental health and exposure to the United States: Key correlates from the Hispanic Community Health Study of Latinos. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203, 670–678. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000350
38. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
39. Protests against Arizona immigration law go nationwide. CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/05/01/immigration.rallies/
40. Quesada, J., Hart, L. K., & Bourgois, P. (2011). Structural vulnerability and health: Latino migrant laborers in the United States. Medical Anthropology, 30, 339–362. doi:10.1080/01459740.2011.576725
41. Ramakrishnan, S. K., & Colbern, A. (2015). The “California Package” of immigrant integration and the evolving nature of state citizenship. Retrieved from http://www.irle.ucla.edu/ publications/documents/IRLEReport_Full.pdf
42. Sewell, A. A. (2015). Disaggregating ethnoracial disparities in physician trust. Social Science Research, 54, 1–20. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.06.020
43. Simoni, J. M., Kurth, A. E., Pearson, C. R., Pantalone, D. W., Merrill, J. O., & Frick, P. A. (2006). Self-report measures of antiretroviral therapy adherence: A review with recommendations for HIV research and clinical management. AIDS and Behavior, 10, 227–245. doi:10.1007/s10461-006-9078-6
44. Skalski, L. M., Watt, M. H., MacFarlane, J. C., Proeschold-Bell, R. J., Stout, J. E., & Sikkema, K. J. (2015). Mental health and substance use among patients in a North Carolina HIV Clinic. North Carolina Medical Journal, 76, 148–155. doi:10.18043/ncm.76.3.148
45. Stirratt, M. J., Dunbar-Jacor, J., Crane, H. M., Simoni, J. M., Czajkowski, S., Hillard, M. E., et al. (2015). Self-report measures of medication adherence behavior: Recommendations on optimal use. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 5, 470–482. doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0315-2
46. Thrasher, A. D., Earp, J. A. L., Golin, C. E., & Zimmer, C. R. (2008). Discrimination, distrust, and racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy adherence among a national sample of HIV-infected patients. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 49, 84–93. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181845589
47. Todorova, I. L., Falcón, L. M., Lincoln, A. K., & Price, L. L. (2010). Perceived discrimination, psychological distress and health. Sociology of Health & Illness, 32, 843–861. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01257.x
48. Torres, L., & Ong, A. D. (2010). A daily diary investigation of Latino ethnic identity, discrimination, and depression. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16, 561–568. doi:10.1037/a0020652
49. Torres, L., Yznaga, S. D., & Moore, K. M. (2011). Discrimination and Latino psychological distress: the moderating role of ethnic identity exploration and commitment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81, 526–534. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01117.x
50. United States Census. (2015). Hispanic heritage month 2015. Retrieved from www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/facts-for-features/2015/cb15-ff18_hispanic_heritage_month.pdf
51. United States Census. (2016). Quick facts: Los Angeles County. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/06037
52. Wagner, G. J. (2002). Predictors of antiretroviral adherence as measured by self-report, electronic monitoring, and medication diaries. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 16, 599–608. doi:10.1089/108729102761882134
53. Wagner, G. (2006). Utility of self-reported antiretroviral adherence: Comment on Simoni et al. (2006). AIDS and Behavior, 10, 247–248. doi: 10.1007/s10461-006-9122-6
54. Wagner, G., & Miller, L. G. (2004). Is the influence of social desirability on patients’ self-reported adherence overrated? Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 35, 203–204. doi:10.1097/00126334-200402010-00016
55. Williams, M. T., Malcoun, E., Sawyer, B. A., Davis, D. M., Nouri, L. B., & Bruce, S. L. (2014). Cultural adaptations of prolonged exposure therapy for treatment and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder in African Americans. Behavioral Sciences, 4, 102–124. doi:10.3390/bs4020102
56. Wilson, I. B., Fowler, F. J., Cosenza, C. A., Michaud, J., Bentkover, J., Rana, A., et al. (2014). Cognitive and field testing of a new set of medication adherence self-report items for HIV care. AIDS and Behavior, 18, 2349–2358. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0610-1