메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue JUL, 2018, Pages

Combining SGLT2 inhibition with a thiazolidinedione additively attenuate the very early phase of diabetic nephropathy progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author keywords

Db db mice; Diabetic nephropathy; Sodium glucose co transporter 2 inhibitor; Thiazolidinedione; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLLAGEN TYPE 4; DAPAGLIFLOZIN; GLUCOSE; INTERLEUKIN 6; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; PALMITIC ACID; PIOGLITAZONE; SODIUM GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 2; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

EID: 85050382549     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16642392     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00412     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (39)
  • 1
    • 84906923912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus: SGLT2 inhibitor
    • Jung CH, Jang JE, Park JY. A novel therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus: SGLT2 inhibitor. Diabet Metab J. (2014) 38:261-73. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2014.38.4.261
    • (2014) Diabet Metab J , vol.38 , pp. 261-273
    • Jung, C.H.1    Jang, J.E.2    Park, J.Y.3
  • 2
    • 77953857048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Bailey CJ, Gross JL, Pieters A, Bastien A, List JF. Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (2010) 375:2223-33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60407-2
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 2223-2233
    • Bailey, C.J.1    Gross, J.L.2    Pieters, A.3    Bastien, A.4    List, J.F.5
  • 3
    • 77956921439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dapagliflozin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
    • Ferrannini E, Ramos SJ, Salsali A, Tang W, List JF. Dapagliflozin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Diabet Care (2010) 33:2217-24. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0612
    • (2010) Diabet Care , vol.33 , pp. 2217-2224
    • Ferrannini, E.1    Ramos, S.J.2    Salsali, A.3    Tang, W.4    List, J.F.5
  • 4
    • 48249146624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dapagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, improves glucose homeostasis in normal and diabetic rats
    • Han S, Hagan DL, Taylor JR, Xin L, Meng W, Biller SA, et al. Dapagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, improves glucose homeostasis in normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes (2008) 57:1723-9. doi: 10.2337/db07-1472
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 1723-1729
    • Han, S.1    Hagan, D.L.2    Taylor, J.R.3    Xin, L.4    Meng, W.5    Biller, S.A.6
  • 5
    • 77957254503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin sustains pancreatic function and preserves islet morphology in obese, diabetic rats
    • Macdonald FR, Peel JE, Jones HB, Mayers RM, Westgate L, Whaley JM, et al. The novel sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin sustains pancreatic function and preserves islet morphology in obese, diabetic rats. Diabet Obes Metab. (2010) 12:1004-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01291.x
    • (2010) Diabet Obes Metab , vol.12 , pp. 1004-1012
    • Macdonald, F.R.1    Peel, J.E.2    Jones, H.B.3    Mayers, R.M.4    Westgate, L.5    Whaley, J.M.6
  • 7
    • 84893827104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production
    • Merovci A, Solis-Herrera C, Daniele G, Eldor R, Fiorentino TV, Tripathy D, et al. Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production. J Clin Invest. (2014) 124:509-14. doi: 10.1172/JCI70704
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , pp. 509-514
    • Merovci, A.1    Solis-Herrera, C.2    Daniele, G.3    Eldor, R.4    Fiorentino, T.V.5    Tripathy, D.6
  • 8
    • 84885476895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of SGLT2 selective inhibitor ipragliflozin on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and obesity in type 2 diabetic mice
    • Tahara A, Kurosaki E, Yokono M, Yamajuku D, Kihara R, Hayashizaki Y, et al. Effects of SGLT2 selective inhibitor ipragliflozin on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and obesity in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol. (2013) 715:246-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.014
    • (2013) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.715 , pp. 246-255
    • Tahara, A.1    Kurosaki, E.2    Yokono, M.3    Yamajuku, D.4    Kihara, R.5    Hayashizaki, Y.6
  • 9
    • 84981214786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment and management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus
    • Han E, Kim MS, Kim YS, Kang ES. Risk assessment and management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus. Metab Clin Exp. (2016) 65:1559-69. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.011
    • (2016) Metab Clin Exp , vol.65 , pp. 1559-1569
    • Han, E.1    Kim, M.S.2    Kim, Y.S.3    Kang, E.S.4
  • 10
    • 84892152786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma to counter the inflammatory milieu in obesity
    • Corzo C, Griffin PR. Targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma to counter the inflammatory milieu in obesity. Diabet Metab J. (2013) 37:395-403. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.395
    • (2013) Diabet Metab J , vol.37 , pp. 395-403
    • Corzo, C.1    Griffin, P.R.2
  • 11
    • 85009136703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Liao HW, Saver JL, Wu YL, Chen TH, Lee M, Ovbiagele B. Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. (2017) 7:e013927. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013927
    • (2017) BMJ Open , vol.7
    • Liao, H.W.1    Saver, J.L.2    Wu, Y.L.3    Chen, T.H.4    Lee, M.5    Ovbiagele, B.6
  • 12
    • 34250212715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes
    • Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. (2007) 356:2457-71. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa072761
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 2457-2471
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Wolski, K.2
  • 13
    • 84872400230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knockout of Na-glucose transporter SGLT2 attenuates hyperglycemia and glomerular hyperfiltration but not kidney growth or injury in diabetes mellitus
    • Vallon V, Rose M, Gerasimova M, Satriano J, Platt KA, Koepsell H, et al. Knockout of Na-glucose transporter SGLT2 attenuates hyperglycemia and glomerular hyperfiltration but not kidney growth or injury in diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Renal. (2013) 304:F156-67. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00409.2012
    • (2013) Am J Physiol Renal , vol.304 , pp. F156-F167
    • Vallon, V.1    Rose, M.2    Gerasimova, M.3    Satriano, J.4    Platt, K.A.5    Koepsell, H.6
  • 15
    • 26944493095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxalate stimulates IL-6 production in HK-2 cells, a line of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells
    • Huang MY, Chaturvedi LS, Koul S, Koul HK. Oxalate stimulates IL-6 production in HK-2 cells, a line of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int. (2005) 68:497-503. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00427.x
    • (2005) Kidney Int , vol.68 , pp. 497-503
    • Huang, M.Y.1    Chaturvedi, L.S.2    Koul, S.3    Koul, H.K.4
  • 16
    • 85040464902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of insulin resistance by PGE1 via autophagy-dependent FGF21 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
    • Wei W, An XR, Jin SJ, Li XX, Xu M. Inhibition of insulin resistance by PGE1 via autophagy-dependent FGF21 pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep. (2018) 8:9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18427-2
    • (2018) Sci Rep , vol.8 , pp. 9
    • Wei, W.1    An, X.R.2    Jin, S.J.3    Li, X.X.4    Xu, M.5
  • 17
    • 85019492273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green tea polyphenols, mimicking the effects of dietary restriction, ameliorate high-fat diet-induced kidney injury via regulating autophagy flux
    • Xie X, Yi W, Zhang P, Wu N, Yan Q, Yang H, et al. Green tea polyphenols, mimicking the effects of dietary restriction, ameliorate high-fat diet-induced kidney injury via regulating autophagy flux. Nutrients (2017) 9:497. doi: 10.3390/nu9050497
    • (2017) Nutrients , vol.9 , pp. 497
    • Xie, X.1    Yi, W.2    Zhang, P.3    Wu, N.4    Yan, Q.5    Yang, H.6
  • 18
    • 84930930035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 suppression rescues human proximal tubular cells from palmitic acid induced lipotoxicity via autophagy
    • Xin W, Zhao X, Liu L, Xu Y, Li Z, Chen L, et al. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 suppression rescues human proximal tubular cells from palmitic acid induced lipotoxicity via autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. (2015) 463:364-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.070
    • (2015) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.463 , pp. 364-369
    • Xin, W.1    Zhao, X.2    Liu, L.3    Xu, Y.4    Li, Z.5    Chen, L.6
  • 19
    • 77957747104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptor 1 mediates palmitic acid-induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in human renal proximal tubular cells
    • Lim JC, Lim SK, Han HJ, Park SH. Cannabinoid receptor 1 mediates palmitic acid-induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in human renal proximal tubular cells. J Cell Physiol. (2010) 225:654-63. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22255
    • (2010) J Cell Physiol , vol.225 , pp. 654-663
    • Lim, J.C.1    Lim, S.K.2    Han, H.J.3    Park, S.H.4
  • 20
    • 21344466513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone improves glomerular hyperfiltration, renal endothelial dysfunction, and microalbuminuria of incipient diabetic nephropathy in patients
    • Pistrosch F, Herbrig K, Kindel B, Passauer J, Fischer S, Gross P. Rosiglitazone improves glomerular hyperfiltration, renal endothelial dysfunction, and microalbuminuria of incipient diabetic nephropathy in patients. Diabetes (2005) 54:2206-11. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2206
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 2206-2211
    • Pistrosch, F.1    Herbrig, K.2    Kindel, B.3    Passauer, J.4    Fischer, S.5    Gross, P.6
  • 21
    • 33750866706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered gene expression related to glomerulogenesis and podocyte structure in early diabetic nephropathy of db/db mice and its restoration by pioglitazone
    • Makino H, Miyamoto Y, Sawai K, Mori K, Mukoyama M, Nakao K, et al. Altered gene expression related to glomerulogenesis and podocyte structure in early diabetic nephropathy of db/db mice and its restoration by pioglitazone. Diabetes (2006) 55:2747-56. doi: 10.2337/db05-1683
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 2747-2756
    • Makino, H.1    Miyamoto, Y.2    Sawai, K.3    Mori, K.4    Mukoyama, M.5    Nakao, K.6
  • 22
    • 84938550023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes induces aberrant DNA methylation in the proximal tubules of the kidney
    • Marumo T, Yagi S, Kawarazaki W, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Watanabe A, et al. Diabetes induces aberrant DNA methylation in the proximal tubules of the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. (2015) 26:2388-97. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014070665
    • (2015) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.26 , pp. 2388-2397
    • Marumo, T.1    Yagi, S.2    Kawarazaki, W.3    Nishimoto, M.4    Ayuzawa, N.5    Watanabe, A.6
  • 23
    • 56949105387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through an anti-inflammatory mechanism in type 2 diabetic rats
    • Ko GJ, Kang YS, Han SY, Lee MH, Song HK, Han KH, et al. Pioglitazone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through an anti-inflammatory mechanism in type 2 diabetic rats. Nephrol Dial Transpl. (2008) 23:2750-60. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn157
    • (2008) Nephrol Dial Transpl , vol.23 , pp. 2750-2760
    • Ko, G.J.1    Kang, Y.S.2    Han, S.Y.3    Lee, M.H.4    Song, H.K.5    Han, K.H.6
  • 24
    • 34347325071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and its downstream-signaling pathways
    • Bao Y, Jia RH, Yuan J, Li J. Rosiglitazone ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and its downstream-signaling pathways. Pharmacology (2007) 80:57-64. doi: 10.1159/000103232
    • (2007) Pharmacology , vol.80 , pp. 57-64
    • Bao, Y.1    Jia, R.H.2    Yuan, J.3    Li, J.4
  • 25
    • 85016626296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SGLT2 protein expression is increased in human diabetic nephropathy: SGLT2 protein inhibition decreases renal lipid accumulation, inflammation, and the development of nephropathy in diabetic mice
    • Wang XX, Levi J, Luo Y, Myakala K, Herman-Edelstein M, Qiu L, et al. SGLT2 protein expression is increased in human diabetic nephropathy: SGLT2 protein inhibition decreases renal lipid accumulation, inflammation, and the development of nephropathy in diabetic mice. J Biol Chem. (2017) 292:5335-48. doi: 10.1074/jbc. M117.779520
    • (2017) J Biol Chem , vol.292 , pp. 5335-5348
    • Wang, X.X.1    Levi, J.2    Luo, Y.3    Myakala, K.4    Herman-Edelstein, M.5    Qiu, L.6
  • 26
    • 85039561505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dapagliflozin slows the progression of the renal and liver fibrosis associated with type 2 diabetes
    • Tang L, Wu Y, Tian M, Sjostrom CD, Johansson U, Peng XR, et al. Dapagliflozin slows the progression of the renal and liver fibrosis associated with type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. (2017) 313:E563-76. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00086.2017
    • (2017) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.313 , pp. E563-E576
    • Tang, L.1    Wu, Y.2    Tian, M.3    Sjostrom, C.D.4    Johansson, U.5    Peng, X.R.6
  • 27
    • 84903528312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, ameliorates glucose homeostasis and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice
    • Terami N, Ogawa D, Tachibana H, Hatanaka T, Wada J, Nakatsuka A, et al. Long-term treatment with the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, ameliorates glucose homeostasis and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. PLoS ONE (2014) 9:e100777. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100777
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9
    • Terami, N.1    Ogawa, D.2    Tachibana, H.3    Hatanaka, T.4    Wada, J.5    Nakatsuka, A.6
  • 28
    • 84971330679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once daily administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, attenuates markers of renal fibrosis without improving albuminuria in diabetic db/db mice
    • Gallo LA, Ward MS, Fotheringham AK, Zhuang A, Borg DJ, Flemming NB, et al. Once daily administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, attenuates markers of renal fibrosis without improving albuminuria in diabetic db/db mice. Sci Rep. (2016) 6:26428. doi: 10.1038/srep26428
    • (2016) Sci Rep , vol.6 , pp. 26428
    • Gallo, L.A.1    Ward, M.S.2    Fotheringham, A.K.3    Zhuang, A.4    Borg, D.J.5    Flemming, N.B.6
  • 29
    • 84959511891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves insulin sensitivity in db/db mice both as monotherapy and in combination with linagliptin
    • Kern M, Kloting N, Mark M, Mayoux E, Klein T, Bluher M. The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves insulin sensitivity in db/db mice both as monotherapy and in combination with linagliptin. Metab Clin Exp. (2016) 65:114-23. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.010
    • (2016) Metab Clin Exp , vol.65 , pp. 114-123
    • Kern, M.1    Kloting, N.2    Mark, M.3    Mayoux, E.4    Klein, T.5    Bluher, M.6
  • 30
    • 84873497173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of SGLT2 inhibition in human kidney proximal tubular cells-renoprotection in diabetic nephropathy?
    • Panchapakesan U, Pegg K, Gross S, Komala MG, Mudaliar H, Forbes J, et al. Effects of SGLT2 inhibition in human kidney proximal tubular cells-renoprotection in diabetic nephropathy? PLoS ONE (2013) 8:e54442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054442
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Panchapakesan, U.1    Pegg, K.2    Gross, S.3    Komala, M.G.4    Mudaliar, H.5    Forbes, J.6
  • 32
    • 84884554260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tofogliflozin, a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves renal and pancreatic function in db/db mice
    • Nagata T, Fukuzawa T, Takeda M, Fukazawa M, Mori T, Nihei T, et al. Tofogliflozin, a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves renal and pancreatic function in db/db mice. Br J Pharmacol. (2013) 170:519-31. doi: 10.1111/bph.12269
    • (2013) Br J Pharmacol , vol.170 , pp. 519-531
    • Nagata, T.1    Fukuzawa, T.2    Takeda, M.3    Fukazawa, M.4    Mori, T.5    Nihei, T.6
  • 33
    • 0346101486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophages in mouse type 2 diabetic nephropathy: correlation with diabetic state and progressive renal injury
    • Chow F, Ozols E, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Atkins RC, Tesch GH. Macrophages in mouse type 2 diabetic nephropathy: correlation with diabetic state and progressive renal injury. Kidney Int. (2004) 65:116-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00367.x
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.65 , pp. 116-128
    • Chow, F.1    Ozols, E.2    Nikolic-Paterson, D.J.3    Atkins, R.C.4    Tesch, G.H.5
  • 34
    • 58849141672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional changes in the kidneys of high-fat diet-induced obese mice
    • Deji N, Kume S, Araki S, Soumura M, Sugimoto T, Isshiki K, et al. Structural and functional changes in the kidneys of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. (2009) 296:F118-26. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00110.2008
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.296 , pp. F118-F126
    • Deji, N.1    Kume, S.2    Araki, S.3    Soumura, M.4    Sugimoto, T.5    Isshiki, K.6
  • 35
    • 84903266061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and prevention of diabetic nephropathy: targeting the renal tubule in diabetes
    • De Nicola L, Gabbai FB, Liberti ME, Sagliocca A, Conte G, Minutolo R. Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and prevention of diabetic nephropathy: targeting the renal tubule in diabetes. Am J Kidney Dis. (2014) 64:16-24. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.02.010
    • (2014) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.64 , pp. 16-24
    • De Nicola, L.1    Gabbai, F.B.2    Liberti, M.E.3    Sagliocca, A.4    Conte, G.5    Minutolo, R.6
  • 36
    • 0032815449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of diabetic renal hypertrophy
    • Wolf G, Ziyadeh FN. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic renal hypertrophy. Kidney Int. (1999) 56:393-405. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00590.x
    • (1999) Kidney Int , vol.56 , pp. 393-405
    • Wolf, G.1    Ziyadeh, F.N.2
  • 37
    • 70350211835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of VEGF expression by high glucose in proximal tubule epithelial cells
    • Feliers D, Kasinath BS. Mechanism of VEGF expression by high glucose in proximal tubule epithelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. (2010) 314: 136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.009
    • (2010) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.314 , pp. 136-142
    • Feliers, D.1    Kasinath, B.S.2
  • 38
    • 79960112806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II as a morphogenic cytokine stimulating renal fibrogenesis
    • Ruster C, Wolf G. Angiotensin II as a morphogenic cytokine stimulating renal fibrogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol. (2011) 22:1189-99. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010040384
    • (2011) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.22 , pp. 1189-1199
    • Ruster, C.1    Wolf, G.2
  • 39
    • 20444440685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease
    • Re RN. Mechanisms of disease: local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. (2004) 1:42-7. 10.1038/ncpcardio0012
    • (2004) Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med , vol.1 , pp. 42-47
    • Re, R.N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.