Evidence Base on Outpatient Behavioral Treatments for Adolescent Substance Use, 2014–2017: Outcomes, Treatment Delivery, and Promising Horizons

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2018, Pages 499-526

  Hogue, Aaron ^a   Henderson, Craig E ^b   Becker, Sara J ^c   Knight, Danica K ^d  

^a Yale School of Medicine   (United States)

^b SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CHILD; DRUG DEPENDENCE; HISTORY; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; PROCEDURES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CHILD; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 85048362571     PISSN: 15374416     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1466307     Document Type: Article

References (180)

1. Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Farahnak, L. R., & Hurlburt, M. S., (2015). Leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI): A randomized mixed method pilot study of a leadership and organization development intervention for evidence-based practice implementation. Implementation Science, 10, 11. doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0192-y
2. Aarons, G. A., Green, A. E., Palinkas, L. A., Self-Brown, S., Whitaker, D. J., Lutzker, J. R., … Chaffin, M. J., (2012). Dynamic adaptation process to implement an evidence-based child maltreatment intervention. Implementation Science, 7, 32. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-32
3. Aarons, G. A., Hurlburt, M., & Horwitz, S. M., (2011). Advancing a conceptual model of evidence-based practice implementation in public service sectors. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38, 4–23. doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0327-7
4. Adams, Z. W., McCauley, J. L., Back, S. E., Flanagan, J. C., Hanson, R. F., Killeen, T. K., & Danielson, C. K., (2016). Clinician perspectives on treating adolescents with co-occurring post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use, and other problems. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 25, 575–583. doi:10.1080/1067828X.2016.1153555
5. Babbin, S. F., Stanger, C., Scherer, E. A., & Budney, A. J., (2016). Identifying treatment response subgroups for adolescent cannabis use. Addictive Behaviors, 59, 72–79.
6. Babowitch, J. D., & Antshel, K. M., (2016). Adolescent treatment outcomes for comorbid depression and substance misuse: A systematic review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 201, 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.018
7. Baer, J. S., Garrett, S. B., Beadnell, B., Wells, E. A., & Peterson, P. L., (2007). Brief motivational intervention with homeless adolescents: Evaluating effects on substance use and service utilization. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 582–586. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.21.4.582
8. Barnett, E., Moyers, T. B., Sussman, S., Smith, C., Rohrback, L. A., Sun, P., & Spruijt-Metz, D., (2014). From counselor skill to decreased marijuana use: Does change talk matter? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46, 498–505. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.11.004
9. Bauer, M. S., Damschroder, L., Hagedorn, H. J., Smith, J., & Kilbourne, A. M., (2015). An introduction to implementation science for the non-specialist. BMC Psychology, 3, 32. doi:10.1186/s40359-015-0089-9
10. Becan, J. E., Knight, D. K., Crawley, R. D., Joe, G. W., & Flynn, P. M., (2015). Effectiveness of the treatment readiness and induction program for increasing adolescent motivation for change. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 50, 38–49. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.10.002
11. Becker, K. D., Boustani, M., Gellatly, R., & Chorpita, B. F., (2017). Forty years of engagement research in children’s mental health services: Multidimensional measurement and practice elements. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47, 1–23. doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1326121
12. Becker, S. J., (2015). Direct-to-consumer marketing: A complementary approach to traditional dissemination and implementation efforts for mental health and substance abuse interventions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 22, 85–100.
13. Becker, S. J., & Midoun, M. M., (2016). Effects of direct-to-consumer advertising on patient prescription requests and physician prescribing: A systematic review of psychiatry-relevant studies. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 77(10), e1293–e1300. doi:10.4088/JCP.15r10325
14. Becker, S. J., Spirito, A., & Vanmali, R., (2016). Perceptions of ‘Evidence-Based Practice’ among the consumers of adolescent substance use treatment. Health Education Journal, 5, 358–369. doi:10.1177/0017896915581061
15. Belendiuk, K. A., & Riggs, P., (2014). Treatment of adolescent substance use disorders. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 1, 175–188. doi:10.1007/s40501-014-0016-3
16. Belenko, S., Knight, D., Wasserman, G. A., Dennis, M. L., Wiley, T., Taxman, F. S., … Sales, J., (2017). The Juvenile Justice Behavioral Health Services Cascade: A new framework for measuring unmet substance use treatment services needs among adolescent offenders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 74, 80–91. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.12.012
17. Bickle, W. K., Christensen, D. R., & Marsch, L. A., (2011). A review of computer-based interventions used in the assessment, treatment, and research of drug addiction. Substance Use and Misuse, 46, 4–9. doi:10.3109/10826084.2011.521066
18. Blevins, C. E., Banes, K. E., Stephens, R. S., Walker, D. D., & Roffman, R. A., (2016). Change in motives among frequent cannabis-using adolescents: Predicting treatment outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 167, 175–181. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.018
19. Brener, N., Billy, J., & Grady, W., (2003). Assessment of factors affecting the validity of self-reported health-risk behaviors among adolescents: Evidence from the scientific literature. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 436–457. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00052-1
20. Brewer, S., Godley, M. D., & Hulvershorn, L. A., (2017). Treating mental health and substance use disorders in adolescents: What is on the menu? Current Psychiatry Reports, 19, 5. doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0755-0
21. Brown, P. C., Budney, A. J., Thostenson, J. D., & Stanger, C., (2013). Initiation of abstinence in adolescents treated for marijuana use disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 44, 384–390. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2012.08.223
22. Burrow-Sánchez, J. J., Minami, T., & Hops, H., (2015). Cultural accommodation of group substance abuse treatment for Latino adolescents: Results of an RCT. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21, 571–583. doi:10.1037/cdp0000023
23. Campos-Melady, M., Smith, J. E., Meyers, R. J., Godley, S. H., & Godley, M. D., (2017). The effect of therapists’ adherence and competence in delivering the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach on client outcomes. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31, 117–129. doi:10.1037/adb0000216
24. Carney, T., Myers, B. J., Louw, J., & Okwundu, C. I., (2016). Brief school-based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance-using adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1, Art. No.: CD008969. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008969.pub3
25. Carroll, K. M., (2013). Treatment integrity and dissemination: Rethinking fidelity via the stage model. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 20, 99–106.
26. Carroll, K. M., Ball, S. A., Martino, S., Nich, C., Babuscio, T. A., Nuro, K. F., … Rounsaville, B. M., (2008). Computer-assisted delivery of cognitive-behavioral therapy for addiction: A randomized trial of CBT4CBT. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 881–888. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111835
27. Carroll, K. M., Ball, S. A., Nich, C., Martino, S., Frankforter, T. L., Farentinos, C., … Woody, G. E., (2006). Motivational interviewing to improve treatment engagement and outcome in individuals seeking treatment for substance abuse: A multisite effectiveness study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 81, 301–312. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.002
28. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2015). Behavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 15-4927, NSDUH Series H-50). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
29. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 16-4984, NSDUH Series H-51). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/
30. Cerdá, M., Santaella, J., Marshall, B. D., Kim, J. H., & Martins, S. S., (2015). Nonmedical prescription opioid use in childhood and early adolescence predicts transitions to heroin use in young adulthood: A national study. The Journal of Pediatrics, 167, 605–612. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.071
31. Chambers, D. A., Feero, W. G., & Khoury, M. J., (2016). Convergence of implementation science, precision medicine, and the learning health care system: A new model for biomedical research. Jama, 315, 1941–1942. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3867
32. Chambers, D. A., Glasgow, R. E., & Stange, K. C., (2013). The dynamic sustainability framework: Addressing the paradox of sustainment amid ongoing change. Implementation Science, 8, 117. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-117
33. Chambless, D. L., & Hollon, S., (1998). Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 7–18. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.1.7
34. Chambless, D. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 685–716.
35. Chambless, D. L., Sanderson, W. C., Shoham, V., Bennett Johnson, S., Pope, K. S., Crits-Christoph, P., & McCurry, S., (1996). An update on empirically validated therapies. The Clinical Psychologist, 49, 5–18.
36. Chan, Y. F., Dennis, M. L., & Funk, R. R., (2008). Prevalence and comorbidity of major internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents and adults presenting to substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 34, 14–24. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.12.031
37. Chorpita, B. F., & Daleiden, E. L., (2014). Structuring the collaboration of science and service in pursuit of a shared vision. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43, 323–338. doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.828297
38. Chorpita, B. F., Daleiden, E. L., Park, A. L., Ward, A. M., Levy, M. C., Cromley, T., … Krull, J. L., (2017). Child STEPs in California: A cluster randomized effectiveness trial comparing modular treatment with community implemented treatment for youth with anxiety, depression, conduct problems, or traumatic stress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85, 13–25. doi:10.1037/ccp0000133
39. Chorpita, B. F., Daleiden, E. L., & Weisz, J. R., (2005). Identifying and selecting the common elements of evidence based interventions: A distillation and matching model. Mental Health Services Research, 7, 5–20. doi:10.1007/s11020-005-1962-6
40. Chorpita, B. F., Park, A., Tsai, K., Korathu-Larson, P., Higa-McMillan, C. K., Nakamura, B. J., … Krull, J., (2015). Balancing effectiveness with responsiveness: Therapist satisfaction across different treatment designs in the Child STEPs randomized effectiveness trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 709–718. doi:10.1037/a0039301
41. Chorpita, B. F., Weisz, J. R., Daleiden, E. L., Schoenwald, S. K., Palinkas, L. A., & Miranda, J.,; Research Network on Youth Mental Health. (2013). Long-term outcomes for the Child STEPs randomized effectiveness trial: A comparison of modular and standard treatment designs with usual care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 999–1009. doi:10.1037/a0034200
42. Collier, C., Hilliker, R., & Onwuegbuzie, A., (2014). Alternative peer group: A model for youth recovery. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 9, 40–53. doi:10.1080/1556035X.2013.836899
43. Curran, P. J., & Hussong, A. M., (2009). Integrative data analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple data sets. Psychological Methods, 14, 81–100. doi:10.1037/a0015914
44. D’Amico, E. J., Houck, J. M., Hunter, S. B., Miles, J. N., Osilla, K. C., & Ewing, B. A., (2015). Group motivational interviewing for adolescents: Change talk and alcohol and marijuana outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 68–80. doi:10.1037/a0038155
45. D’Amico, E. J., Hunter, S. B., Miles, J. N. V., Ewing, B. A., & Chan Osilla, K., (2013). A randomized controlled trial of a group motivational interviewing intervention for adolescents with a first time alcohol or drug offense. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45, 400–408. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.06.005
46. Dakof, G. A., Henderson, C. E., Rowe, C. L., Boustani, M., Greenbaum, P. E., Wang, W., … Liddle, H. A., (2015). A randomized controlled trial of family therapy in juvenile drug court. Journal of Family Psychology, 29, 232–241. doi:10.1037/fam0000053
47. Damschroder, L. J., & Hagedorn, H. J., (2011). A guiding framework and approach for implementation research in substance use disorders treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 194–205. doi:10.1037/a0022284
48. de Gee, E. A., Verdurmen, J. E. E., Bransen, E., de Jonge, J. M., & Schippers, G. M., (2014). A randomized controlled trial of a brief motivational enhancement for non-treatment-seeking adolescent cannabis users. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 47, 181–188. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.05.001
49. de Jonge, J. M., Barelds, D. P., Schippers, G. M., & Schaap, C. P., (2009). Motivation to change drinking habits: Development of a new instrument. Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 65, 102–111. doi:10.1007/BF03080132
50. Dean, S., Britt, E., Bell, E., Stanley, J., & Collings, S., (2016). Motivational interviewing to enhance adolescent mental health treatment engagement: A randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 46, 1961–1969. doi:10.1017/S0033291716000568
51. Diamond, G. S., Liddle, H. A., Wintersteen, M. B., Dennis, M. L., Godley, S. H., & Tims, F., (2006). Early therapeutic alliance as a predictor of treatment outcome for adolescent cannabis users in outpatient treatment. American Journal on Addictions, 15(Suppl 1), 26–33. doi:10.1080/10550490601003664
52. Dodge, K. A., Dishion, T. J., & Lansford, J. E., (2006). Deviant peer influences in programs for youth: Problems and solutions. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
53. Doss, B. D., Feinberg, L. K., Rothman, K., Roddy, M. K., & Comer, J. S., (2017). Using technology to enhance and expand interventions for couples and families: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Journal of Family Psychology, 31, 983–993. doi:10.1037/fam0000349
54. Edlund, M. J., Forman-Hoffman, V. L., Winder, C. R., Heller, D. C., Kroutil, L. A., Lipari, R. N., & Colpe, L. J., (2015). Opioid abuse and depression in adolescents: Results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 152, 131–138. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.010
55. Feingold, A. (2009). Effect sizes for growth-modeling analysis for controlled clinical trials in the same metric as for classical analysis. Psychological Methods, 14(1), 43.
56. Filges, T., Rasmussen, P. S., Andersen, D., & Jørgensen, A. M. K. (2015). Multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) for young people in treatment for non-opioid drug use: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 11 (8).
57. Finch, A. J., Moberg, D. P., & Krupp, A. L., (2014). Continuing care in high schools: A descriptive study of recovery high school programs. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 23, 116–129. doi:10.1080/1067828X.2012.751269
58. Finch, A. J., Tanner-Smith, E., Hennessy, E., & Moberg, D. P., (2017). Recovery high schools: Effect of schools supporting recovery from substance use disorders. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 1–10. doi:10.1080/00952990.2017.1354378
59. Fisher, E. A., (2014). Recovery supports for young people: What do existing supports reveal about the recovery environment? Peabody Journal of Education, 89, 258–270. doi:10.1080/0161956X.2014.897104
60. Gallo, K. P., & Barlow, D. H., (2012). Factors involved in clinician adoption and nonadoption of evidence-based interventions in mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 19, 93–106.
61. Garner, B. R., Godley, S. H., Funk, R. R., Dennis, M. L., Smith, J. E., & Godley, M. D., (2009). Exposure to Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach treatment procedures as a mediator of the relationship between adolescent substance abuse treatment retention and outcome. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 36, 252–264. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2008.06.007
62. Garnick, D. W., Lee, M. T., O’Brien, P. L., Panas, L., Ritter, G. A., Acevedo, A., … Godley, M. D., (2012). The Washington circle engagement performance measures’ association with adolescent treatment outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 124, 250–258. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.011
63. Gillespie, M. L., Huey, S. J., & Cunningham, P. B., (2017). Predictive validity of an observer-rated adherence protocol for multisystemic therapy with juvenile drug offenders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 76, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.001
64. Glasgow, R. E., Fisher, L., Strycker, L. A., Hessler, D., Toobert, D. J., King, D. K., & Jacobs, T., (2014). Minimal intervention needed for change: Definition, use, and value for improving health and health research. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 4, 26–33. doi:10.1007/s13142-013-0232-1
65. Glass, J. E., Hamilton, A. M., Powell, B. J., Perron, B. E., Brown, R. T., & Ilgen, M. A., (2015). Specialty substance use disorder services following brief alcohol intervention: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Addiction, 110, 1404–1415. doi:10.1111/add.12950
66. Godley, M. D., Godley, S. H., Dennis, M. L., Funk, R., & Passetti, L. L., (2002). Preliminary outcomes from the assertive continuing care experiment for adolescents discharged from residential treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23, 21–32. doi:10.1016/S0740-5472(02)00230-1
67. Godley, M. D., Passetti, L. L., Subramaniam, G. A., Funk, R. R., Smith, J. E., & Meyers, R. J., (2017). Adolescent community reinforcement approach implementation and treatment outcomes for youth with opioid problem use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 174, 9–16. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.029
68. Godley, S. H., Garner, B. R., Passetti, L. L., Funk, R. R., Dennis, M. L., & Godley, M. D., (2010). Adolescent outpatient treatment and continuing care: Main findings from a randomized clinical trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110, 44–54. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.003
69. Godley, S. H., Garner, B. R., Smith, J. E., Meyers, R. J., & Godley, M. D., (2011). A large-scale dissemination and implementation model for evidence-based treatment and continuing care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18, 67–83.
70. Greenbaum, P. E., Wang, W., Henderson, C. E., Kan, L., Hall, K., Dakof, G. A., & Liddle, H. A., (2015). Gender and ethnicity as moderators: Integrative data analysis of multidimensional family therapy randomized clinical trials. Journal of Family Psychology, 29, 919–930. doi:10.1037/fam0000127
71. Harris, S. K., Aalsma, M. C., Weitzman, E. R., Garcia-Huidobro, D., Wong, C., Hadland, S. E., … Ozer, E. M., (2017). Research on clinical preventive services for adolescents and young adults: Where are we and where do we need to go? Journal of Adolescent Health, 60, 249–260. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.005
72. Henderson, C. E., Wevodau, A. L., Henderson, S. E., Colvourn, S. L., Gharagozloo, L., North, L. W., & Lotts, V. A., (2016). An independent replication of the adolescent-community reinforcement approach with justice-involved youth. The American Journal on Addictions, 25, 233–240. doi:10.1111/ajad.12366
73. Hendriks, V., van der Schee, E., & Blanken, P., (2011). Treatment of adolescents with a cannabis use disorder: Main findings of a randomized controlled trial comparing multidimensional family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in The Netherlands. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 19, 64–71. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.021
74. Henggeler, S. W., Chapman, J. E., Rowland, M. D., Sheidow, A. J., & Cunningham, P. B., (2013). Evaluating training methods for transporting contingency management to therapists. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45, 466–474. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.06.008
75. Hernandez, L., Lavingne, A., Wood, M., & Weirs, R. W., (2015). Moderators and mediators of treatments for youth with substance use disorders. In M., Maric, P. J. M., Prins, & T. H., Ollendick (Eds.), Moderators and mediators of youth treatment outcomes (pp. 174–209). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
76. Hersh, J., Curry, J. F., & Kaminer, Y., (2014). What is the impact of comorbid depression on adolescent substance abuse treatment? Substance Abuse, 35, 364–375. doi:10.1080/08897077.2014.956164
77. Hogue, A., (2010). When technology fails: Getting back to nature. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17, 77–81.
78. Hogue, A., Bobek, M., Dauber, S., Henderson, C. E., McLeod, B. D., & Southam-Gerow, M. A., (2017). Distilling the core elements of family therapy for adolescent substance use: Conceptual and empirical solutions. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26, 437–453. doi:10.1080/1067828X.2017.1322020
79. Hogue, A., Dauber, S., & Henderson, C. E., (2016). Benchmarking family therapy for adolescent behavior problems in usual care: Fidelity, outcomes, and therapist performance differences. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. doi:10.1007/s10488-016-0769-7
80. Hogue, A., Evans, S. W., & Levin, F. R., (2017). A clinician’s guide to co-occurring ADHD among adolescent substance users: Comorbidity, neurodevelopmental risk, and evidence-based treatment options. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26, 277–292. doi:10.1080/1067828X.2017.1305930
81. Hogue, A., Henderson, C. E., Ozechowski, T. J., & Robbins, M. S., (2014). Evidence base on outpatient behavioral treatments for adolescent substance use: Updates and recommendations 2007-2013. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43, 697–720. doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.915550
82. Hogue, A., Henderson, C. E., & Schmidt, A. T., (2016). Multidimensional predictors of treatment outcome in usual care for adolescent conduct problems and substance use. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. doi:10.1007/s10488-016-0724-7
83. Hogue, A., Lichvar, E., & Bobek, M., (2016). Pilot evaluation of the medication integration protocol for adolescents with ADHD in behavioral care: Treatment fidelity, acceptability, and utilization. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 24, 223–234. doi:10.1177/1063426615611648
84. Hogue, A., Ozechowski, T. J., Robbins, M. S., & Waldron, H. B., (2013). Making fidelity an intramural game: Localizing quality assurance procedures to promote sustainability of evidence-based practices in usual care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 20, 60–77.
85. Holmbeck, G. N., (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.599
86. Horigian, V. E., Feaster, D. J., Robbins, M. S., Brincks, A. M., Ucha, J., Rohrbaugh, M. J., … Szapocznik, J., (2015). A cross-sectional assessment of the long term effects of brief strategic family therapy for adolescent substance use. American Journal on Addictions, 24, 637–645. doi:10.1111/ajad.12278
87. Hunter, B. D., Godley, S. H., Hesson-McInnis, M. S., & Roozen, H. E., (2014). Longitudinal change mechanisms for substance use and illegal activity for adolescents in treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28, 507–515. doi:10.1037/a0034199
88. Joe, G. W., Knight, D. K., Becan, J. E., & Flynn, P. M., (2014). Recovery among adolescents: Models for post-treatment gains in drug abuse treatments. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46, 362–373. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.10.007
89. Johnston, L., O’Malley, P., Bachman, J., & Schulenberg, J., (2016). Monitoring the future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2015: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug use. Retrieved from http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2015.pdf
90. Kallapiran, K., Koo, S., Kirubakaran, R., & Hancock, K., (2015). Effectiveness of mindfulness in improving mental health symptoms of children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20, 182–194. doi:10.1111/camh.12113
91. Kaminer, Y., Ohannessian, C. M., & Burke, R. H., (2017). Adolescents with cannabis use disorders: Adaptive treatment for poor responders. Addictive Behaviors, 70, 102–106. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.013
92. Kaminer, Y., Ohannessian, C. M., McKay, J. R., Burke, R. H., & Flannery, K., (2018). Goal commitment predicts treatment outcome for adolescents with alcohol use disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 76, 122–128. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.035
93. Kazdin, A. E., (1994). Methodology, design, and evaluation in psychotherapy research. In A., Bergin & S., Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (4th ed., pp. 19–71). New York, NY: Wiley.
94. Kelly, J. F., Kaminer, Y., Kahler, C. W., Hoeppner, B., Yetarian, J., Cristello, J. V., & Timko, C., (2017). A pilot randomized clinical trial testing integrated 12-step facilitation (iTSF) treatment for adolescent substance use disorder. Addiction, 112, 2155–2166. doi:10.1111/add.13920
95. Keyes, K. M., Brady, J. E., & Li, G., (2015). Effects of minimum legal drinking age on alcohol and marijuana use: Evidence from toxicological testing data for fatally injured drivers aged 16 to 25 years. Injury Epidemiology, 2, 1. doi:10.1186/s40621-014-0032-1
96. Kim, H., Munson, M. R., & McKay, M. M., (2012). Engagement in mental health treatment among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Social Work, 29, 241–266. doi:10.1007/s10560-012-0256-2
97. Kirby, K. C., Versek, B., Kerwin, M. E., Meyers, K., Benishek, L. A., Bresani, E., … Meyers, R. J., (2015). Developing Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for parents of treatment-resistant adolescents. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 24, 155–165. doi:10.1080/1067828X.2013.777379
98. Knight, D. K., Belenko, S., Wiley, T., Robertson, A. A., Arrigona, N., Dennis, M., … Wasserman, G. A., (2016). Juvenile Justice—Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ-TRIALS): A cluster randomized trial targeting system-wide improvement in substance use services. Implementation Science, 11, 57–74. doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0423-5
99. Knight, D. K., Joe, G. W., Crawley, R. D., Becan, J. E., Dansereau, D. F., & Flynn, P. M., (2016). The effectiveness of the Treatment Readiness and Induction Program (TRIP) for improving during-treatment outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 62, 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2015.11.007
100. Knudsen, H. K., (2009). Adolescent-only substance abuse treatment: Availability and adoption of components of quality. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 36, 195–204. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2008.06.002
101. Korchmaros, J. D., & Stevens, S. J., (2014). Examination of the role of therapeutic alliance, treatment dose, and treatment completion in the effectiveness of the seven challenges. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 31, 1–24. doi:10.1007/s10560-013-0307-3
102. Kraemer, H. C., Wilson, G. T., Fairburn, C. G., & Agras, W. S., (2002). Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 877–883. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.877
103. Langley, G. J., Moen, R., Nolan, K. M., Nolan, T. W., Norman, C. L., & Provost, L. P., (2009). The improvement guide: A practical approach to enhancing organizational performance. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons.
104. Laudet, A. B., & Humphreys, K., (2013). Promoting recovery in an evolving policy context: What do we know and what do we need to know about recovery support services? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45, 126–133. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.01.009
105. Lehman, W. E. K., Simpson, D. D., Knight, D. K., & Flynn, P. M., (2011). Integration of treatment innovation planning and implementation: Strategic process models and organizational challenges. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 252–261. doi:10.1037/a0022682
106. Lenhart, A., (2015). Teens, social media, and technology overview. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/04/PI_TeensandTech_Update2015_0409151.pdf
107. Letourneau, E. J., McCart, M. R., Sheidow, A. J., & Mauro, P. M., (2017). First evaluation of a contingency management intervention addressing adolescent substance use and sexual risk behaviors: Risk reduction therapy for adolescents. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 72, 56–65. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.08.019
108. Li, L., Zhu, S., Tse, N., Tse, S., & Wong, P., (2016). Effectiveness of motivational interviewing to reduce illicit drug use in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 111, 795–805. doi:10.1111/add.v111.5
109. Li, W., Howard, M. O., Garland, E. L., McGovern, P., & Lazar, M., (2017). Mindfulness treatment for substance misuse: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 75, 62–96. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.008
110. Liddle, H. A., Dakof, G. A., Rowe, C. R., Henderson, C., & Greenbaum, P., (2009). Multidimensional family therapy for early adolescent substance abusers: Twelve month outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 12–25. doi:10.1037/a0014160
111. Lindsey, M. A., Brandt, N. E., Becker, K. D., Lee, B. R., Barth, R. P., Daleiden, E. L., & Chorpita, B. F., (2014). Identifying the common elements of treatment engagement interventions in children’s mental health services. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17, 283–298. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0163-x
112. Magill, M., Apodaca, T. R., Walthers, J., Gaume, J., Durst, A., Longabaugh, R., … Carroll, K. M., (2016). The Alcohol Intervention Mechanisms Scale (AIMS): Preliminary reliability and validity of a common factor observational rating measure. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 70, 28–34. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.07.012
113. Marcus, D. K., Kashy, D. A., Wintersteen, M. B., & Diamond, G. S., (2011). The therapeutic alliance in adolescent substance abuse treatment: A one-with-many analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 449–455. doi:10.1037/a0023196
114. Mason, M. J., Sabo, R., & Zaharakis, N. M., (2016). Peer network counseling as brief treatment for urban adolescent heavy cannabis users. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78, 152–157. doi:10.15288/jsad.2017.78.152
115. Masten, A. S., Faden, V. B., Zucker, R. A., & Spear, L. P., (2008). Underage drinking: A developmental framework. Pediatrics, 121(Suppl 4), S235–251. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2243A
116. McConnell, P. A., & Froeliger, B., (2015). Mindfulness, mechanisms and meaning: Perspectives from the cognitive neuroscience of addiction. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 349–357. doi:10.1080/1047840X.2015.1076701
117. McHugh, R., & Barlow, D. H., (2010). The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological treatment: A review of current efforts. American Psychologist, 65, 73–84. doi:10.1037/a0018121
118. Mitchell, S. G., Gryczynski, J., O’Grady, K. E., & Schwartz, R. P., (2013). SBIRT for adolescent drug and alcohol use: Current status and future directions. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 44, 463–472. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2012.11.005
119. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G.,; Prisma Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
120. Morgenstern, J., Blanchard, K. A., Morgan, T. J., Labouvie, E., & Hiyaki, J., (2001). Testing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for substance abuse in a community setting: Within treatment and posttreatment findings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 1007–1017. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.69.6.1007
121. Morina, N., Koerssen, R., & Pollet, T. V., (2016). Interventions for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 41–54. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.006
122. Moyer, V., (2013). Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159, 210–218.
123. Moyers, T. B., Martin, T., Christopher, P. J., Houck, J. M., Tonigan, J. S., & Amrhein, P. C., (2007). Client language as a mediator of motivational interviewing efficacy: Where is the evidence? Alcholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 40s–47s. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00492.x
124. Myers, M. F., Chang, M.-H., Jorgensen, C., Whitworth, W., Kassim, S., Litch, J. A., … Irwin, D., (2006). Genetic testing for susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer: Evaluating the impact of a direct-to-consumer marketing campaign on physicians’ knowledge and practices. Genetics in Medicine, 8, 361–370. doi:10.1097/01.gim.0000223544.68475.6c
125. Nathan, P. E., & Gorman, J. M., (2002). Efficacy, effectiveness, and the clinical utility of psychotherapy research. In P. E., Nathan & J. M., Gorman (Eds.), A guide to treatments that work (2nd ed., pp. 642–654). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
126. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse. (2011). Adolescent substance use: America’s #1 public health problem. New York, NY: Author. Retrieved from http://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction-research/reports/adolescent-substance-use
127. National Institutes of Health. (2017). Office of behavioral and social sciences research strategic plan 2017-2021. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved January15, 2018, from, https://obssr.od.nih.gov/aboutus/strategic-plan/
128. Ozechowski, T. J., Becker, S. J., & Hogue, A., (2016). SBIRT-A: Adapting SBIRT to maximize developmental fit for adolescents in primary care. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 62, 28–37. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2015.10.006
129. Passetti, L. L., Godley, M. D., & Kaminer, Y., (2016). Continuing care for adolescents in treatment for substance use disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 25, 669–684. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2016.06.003
130. Pedersen, E. R., Grow, J., Duncan, S., Neighbors, C., & Larimer, M. E., (2012). Concurrent validity of an online version of the Timeline Followback assessment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26, 672. doi:10.1037/a0027945
131. Piehler, T. F., & Winters, K. C., (2017). Decision-making style and response to parental involvement in brief interventions for adolescent substance use. Journal of Family Psychology, 31, 336–346. doi:10.1037/fam0000266
132. Powell, B. J., Waltz, T. J., Chinman, M. J., Damschroder, L. J., Smith, J. L., Matthieu, M. M., … Kirchner, J. E., (2015). A refined compilation of implementation strategies: Results from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project. Implementation Science, 10, 21. doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0209-1
133. Ramchand, R., Griffin, B. A., Slaughter, M. E., Almirall, D., & McCaffrey, D. F., (2014). Do improvements in substance use and mental health symptoms during treatment translate to long-term outcomes in the opposite domain? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 47, 339–346. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.06.012
134. Randall, J., (2017). Challenges and possible solutions for implementing contingency management for adolescent substance use disorder in community-based settings. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(4), 332–337.
135. Reif, S., Braude, L., Lyman, D. R., Dougherty, R. H., Daniels, A. S., Ghose, S. S., … Delphin-Rittmon, M. E., (2014). Peer recovery support for individuals with substance use disorders: Assessing the evidence. Psychiatric Services, 65, 853–861. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400047
136. Riggs, P. D., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S. K., Davies, R. D., Lohman, M., Klein, C., & Stover, S. K., (2007). A randomized controlled trial of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy in adolescents with major depression, behavior problems, and substance use disorders. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 161, 1026–1034. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.11.1026
137. Riggs, P. D., Winhusen, T., Davies, R. D., Leimberger, J. D., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S., Klein, C., & Liu, D., (2011). Randomized controlled trial of osmotic-release methylphenidate with cognitive-behavioral therapy in adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 903–914. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.06.010
138. Rigter, H., Henderson, C. E., Pelc, I., Tossmann, P., Phan, O., Hendriks, V., & Rowe, C. L., (2013). Multidimensional family therapy lowers the rate of cannabis dependence in adolescents: A randomised controlled trial in Western European outpatient settings. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 130, 85–93. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.013
139. Robbins, M. S., Feaster, D. J., Horigian, V. E., Rohrbaugh, M., Shoham, V., Bachrach, K., … Szapocznik, J., (2011). Brief strategic family therapy versus treatment as usual: Results of a multisite randomized trial for substance-using adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 713–727. doi:10.1037/a0025477
140. Robbins, M. S., Szapocznik, J., Dillon, F. R., Turner, C. W., Mitrani, V. B., & Feaster, D. J., (2008). The efficacy of structural ecosystems therapy with drug-abusing/dependent African American and Hispanic American adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 51–61. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.1.51
141. Robbins, M. S., Turner, C. W., Alexander, J. F., & Perez, G. A., (2003). Alliance and dropout in family therapy for adolescents with behavior problems: Individual and systemic effects. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 534–544. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.534
142. Roberts, M. C., Blossom, J. B., Evans, S. C., Amaro, C. M., & Kanine, R. M., (2017). Advancing the scientific foundation for evidence-based practice in clinical child and adolescent psychology. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46, 915–928. doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1152554
143. Roberts, N. P., Roberts, P. A., Jones, N., & Bisson, J. I., (2015). Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 38, 25–38. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.007
144. Rohde, P., Waldron, H. B., Turner, C. W., Brody, J., & Jorgensen, J., (2014). Sequenced versus coordinated treatment for adolescents with comorbid symptoms and substance use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82, 342–348. doi:10.1037/a0035808
145. Santucci, L. C., McHugh, R. K., & Barlow, D. H., (2012). Direct-to-consumer marketing of evidence-based psychological interventions: Introduction. Behavior Therapy, 43, 231–235. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.07.003
146. Schleider, J. L., & Weisz, J. R., (2017a). Can less be more? The promise (and perils) of single-session youth mental health interventions. The Behavior Therapist, 7, 256–261.
147. Schleider, J. L., & Weisz, J. R., (2017b). Little treatments, promising effects? Meta-Analysis of single-session interventions for youth psychiatric problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56, 107–115. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.11.007
148. Schoenwald, S. K., Garland, A. F., Chapman, J. E., Frazier, S. L., Sheidow, A. J., & Southam-Gerow, M. A., (2011). Toward the effective and efficient measurement of implementation fidelity. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38, 32–43. doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0321-0
149. Silverman, W. K., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2008). The second special issue on evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents: A 10-year update. Journal Of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 1-7.
150. Simpson, D. D., & Flynn, P. M., (2007). Moving innovations into treatment: A stage-based approach to program change. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 33, 111–120. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.12.023
151. Smith, D. C., Tabb, K. M., Fisher, D., & Cleeland, L., (2014). Drug refusal skills training does not enhance outcomes of African American adolescents with substance use problems. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46, 274–279. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.07.004
152. Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Prinstein, M. J., (2014). Evidence base updates: The evolution of the evaluation of psychological treatments for children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43, 1–6. doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.855128
153. Stanger, C., & Budney, A. J., (2010). Contingency management approaches for adolescent substance use disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 19, 547–562. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.03.007
154. Stanger, C., Budney, A. J., Kamon, J. L., & Thostensen, J., (2009). A randomized trial of contingency management for adolescent marijuana abuse and dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 105, 240–247. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.009
155. Stanger, C., Lansing, A. H., & Budney, A. J., (2016). Advances in research on contingency management for adolescent substance use. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25, 645–659. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2016.05.002
156. Stanger, C., Ryan, S. R., Scherer, E. A., Norton, G. E., & Budney, A. J., (2015). Clinic- and home-based contingency management plus parent training for adolescent cannabis use disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54, 445–453. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.02.009
157. Stein, L. A. R., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Monti, P. M., Golembeske, C., Lebeau-Craven, R., & Miranda, R., (2006). Enhancing substance abuse treatment engagement in incarcerated adolescents. Psychological Services, 3, 25–34. doi:10.1037/1541-1559.3.1.0
158. Steinberg, L., (2007). Risk taking in adolescence: New perspectives from brain and behavioral science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 55–59. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00475.x
159. Steinka-Fry, K. T., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Dakof, G. A., & Henderson, C., (2017). Culturally sensitive substance use treatment for racial/ethnic minority youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 75, 22–37. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.006
160. Suarez, L. M., Belcher, H. M., Briggs, E. C., & Titus, J. C., (2012). Supporting the need for an integrated system of care for youth with co-occurring traumatic stress and substance abuse problems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 49, 430–440. doi:10.1007/s10464-011-9464-8
161. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1999). Treatment of adolescents with substance use disorders. Treatment improvement protocol (TIP) Series, No. 32. Rockwell, MD: SAMHSA.
162. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2013). Systems-level implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment. Technical Assistance Publication (TAP) Series 33. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4741. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA.
163. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2014). Discharges from substance abuse treatment services (Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2011. BHSIS Series S-70, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14-4846). Rockville, MD: SAMHSA.
164. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2015). Results from the 2015 National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health. Center for behavioral health statistics and quality. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA.
165. Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Lipsey, M. W., (2015). Brief alcohol interventions for adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 51, 1–18. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.09.001
166. Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Risser, M. D., (2016). A meta-analysis of brief alcohol interventions for adolescents and young adults: Variability in effects across alcohol measures. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 42, 140–151. doi:10.3109/00952990.2015.1136638
167. Taylor, M. J., McNicholas, C., Nicolay, C., Darzi, A., Bell, D., & Reed, J. E., (2013). Systematic review of the application of the plan–do–study–act method to improve quality in healthcare. BMJ Quality & Safety. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2013-001862
168. Turner, W. C., Muck, R. D., Muck, R. J., Stephens, R. L., & Sukumar, B., (2004). Co-occurring disorders in the adolescent mental health and substance abuse treatment systems. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 36, 455–462. doi:10.1080/02791072.2004.10524428
169. Van der Pol, T. M., Hoeve, M., Noom, M. J., Stams, G. J. J., Doreleijers, T. A., Domburgh, L., & Vermeiren, R. R., (2017). Research review: The effectiveness of multidimensional family therapy in treating adolescents with multiple behavior problems—A meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58, 532–545. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12685
170. VanDeMark, N. R., Burrell, N. R., LaMendola, W. F., Hoich, C. A., Berg, N. P., & Medina, E., (2010). An exploratory study of engagement in a technology-supported substance abuse intervention. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 5, 10. doi:10.1186/1747-597X-5-10
171. Waldron, H. B., & Turner, C. W., (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for adolescent substance abuse. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 238–261. doi:10.1080/15374410701820133
172. Walker, D. D., Stephens, R., Roffman, R., DeMarce, J., Lozano, B., Towe, S., & Berg, B., (2011). A randomized controlled trial of motivational enhancement therapy with nontreatment-seeking adolescent cannabis users: A further test of the Teen Marijuana Check-Up. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 474–484. doi:10.1037/a0024076
173. Walker, D. D., Stephens, R. S., Blevins, C. E., Banes, K. E., Matthews, L., & Roffman, R. A., (2016). Augmenting brief interventions for adolescent marijuana users: The impact of motivational check-ins. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84, 983–992. doi:10.1037/ccp0000094
174. Weisz, J., Bearman, S. K., Santucci, L. C., & Jensen-Doss, A., (2017). Initial test of a principle-guided approach to transdiagnostic psychotherapy with children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46, 44–58. doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1163708
175. Weisz, J. R., Chorpita, B. F., Palinkas, L. A., Schoenwald, S. K., Miranda, J., Bearman, S. K.,.. Gray, J. (2012). Testing standard and modular designs for psychotherapy treating depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in youth: a randomized effectiveness trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(3), 274–282. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.147
176. Weisz, J. R., Krumholz, L. S., Santucci, L., Thomassin, K., & Ng, M. Y., (2015). Shrinking the gap between research and practice: Tailoring and testing youth psychotherapies in clinical care contexts. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 139–163. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112820
177. Winters, K. C., Fahnhorst, T., Botzet, A., Lee, S., & Lalone, B., (2012). Brief intervention for drug abusing adolescents in a school setting: Outcomes and mediating factors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 42, 279–288. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2011.08.005
178. Winters, K. C., Lee, S., Botzet, A., Fahnhorst, T., & Nicholson, A., (2014). One-year outcomes and mediators of a brief intervention for drug abusing adolescents. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28, 464–474. doi:10.1037/a0035041
179. Witkiewitz, K., Bowen, S., Harrop, E. N., Douglas, H., Enkema, M., & Sedgwick, C., (2014). Mindfulness-based treatment to prevent addictive behavior relapse: Theoretical models and hypothesized mechanisms of change. Substance Use & Misuse, 49, 513–524. doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.891845
180. Wong, S. S., Zhou, B., Goebert, D., & Hishinuma, E. S., (2013). The risk of adolescent suicide across patterns of drug use: A nationally representative study of high school students in the United States from 1999 to 2009. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48, 1611–1620. doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0721-z