메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 99-119

New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia in Patients Treated with Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors

Author keywords

Chronic kidney disease; Heart failure; Hyperkalemia; Patiromer sorbitex calcium; Potassium binders; Renin angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors; Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate

Indexed keywords

DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; PATIROMER; POTASSIUM; SODIUM ZIRCONIUM CYCLOSILICATE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CHELATING AGENT; MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONIST; POLYMER; SILICATE; ZS-9 COMPOUND;

EID: 85040937754     PISSN: 09203206     EISSN: 15737241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6767-5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (168)
  • 1
    • 67651184068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in understanding integrative control of potassium homeostasis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsValsbc%3D, PID: 18759636
    • Youn JH, McDonough AA. Recent advances in understanding integrative control of potassium homeostasis. Annu Rev Physiol. 2009;71:381–401.
    • (2009) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.71 , pp. 381-401
    • Youn, J.H.1    McDonough, A.A.2
  • 2
    • 84936100828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated view of potassium homeostasis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXht12hs7bN, PID: 26132942
    • Gumz ML, Rabinowitz L, Wingo C. An integrated view of potassium homeostasis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:60–72.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , pp. 60-72
    • Gumz, M.L.1    Rabinowitz, L.2    Wingo, C.3
  • 3
    • 84930453804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of potassium homeostasis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsVCmtb3E, PID: 24721891
    • Palmer BF. Regulation of potassium homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:1050–60.
    • (2015) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.10 , pp. 1050-1060
    • Palmer, B.F.1
  • 5
    • 0025052463 scopus 로고
    • Early and late adjustment to potassium loading in humans
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2FpsVagtA%3D%3D, PID: 2266680
    • Rabelink TJ, Koomans HA, Hené RJ, Dorhout Mees EJ. Early and late adjustment to potassium loading in humans. Kidney Int. 1990;38:942–7.
    • (1990) Kidney Int , vol.38 , pp. 942-947
    • Rabelink, T.J.1    Koomans, H.A.2    Hené, R.J.3    Dorhout Mees, E.J.4
  • 6
    • 84881592805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal potassium homeostasis: a short historical perspective
    • Giebisch GH, Wingo CS. Renal potassium homeostasis: a short historical perspective. Semin Nephrol. 2013;33(3):209–14.
    • (2013) Semin Nephrol , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-214
    • Giebisch, G.H.1    Wingo, C.S.2
  • 7
    • 84951569299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a gastrointestinal-renal kaliuretic signaling axis in humans
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsVeqt7zF, PID: 26308672
    • Preston RA, Afshartous D, Rodco R, Alonso AB, Garg D. Evidence for a gastrointestinal-renal kaliuretic signaling axis in humans. Kidney Int. 2015;88:1383–91.
    • (2015) Kidney Int , vol.88 , pp. 1383-1391
    • Preston, R.A.1    Afshartous, D.2    Rodco, R.3    Alonso, A.B.4    Garg, D.5
  • 8
    • 84995694012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unappreciated role of extrarenal and gut sensors in modulating renal potassium handling: implications for diagnosis of dyskalemias and interpreting clinical trials
    • Epstein M, Lifschitz MD. The unappreciated role of extrarenal and gut sensors in modulating renal potassium handling: implications for diagnosis of dyskalemias and interpreting clinical trials. Kidney Int Reports. 2016;1(1):43–56.
    • (2016) Kidney Int Reports , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-56
    • Epstein, M.1    Lifschitz, M.D.2
  • 9
    • 84877019385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid dephosphorylation of the renal sodium chloride cotransporter in response to oral potassium intake in mice
    • Sorensen MV, Grossmann S, Roesinger M, Gresko N, Todkar AP, Barmettler G, et al. Rapid dephosphorylation of the renal sodium chloride cotransporter in response to oral potassium intake in mice. Kidney Int. 2013;83(5):811–24.
    • (2013) Kidney Int , vol.83 , Issue.5 , pp. 811-824
    • Sorensen, M.V.1    Grossmann, S.2    Roesinger, M.3    Gresko, N.4    Todkar, A.P.5    Barmettler, G.6
  • 10
    • 0141639660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes may be independent risk factor for hyperkalemia
    • PID: 14525902
    • Jarman PR, Mather HM. Diabetes may be independent risk factor for hyperkalemia. BMJ. 2003;327:812.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 812
    • Jarman, P.R.1    Mather, H.M.2
  • 12
    • 85006642589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potassium and its discontents: new insight, new treatments
    • PID: 26510885
    • Ellison DH, Terker AS, Gamba G. Potassium and its discontents: new insight, new treatments. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27:981–9.
    • (2016) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.27 , pp. 981-989
    • Ellison, D.H.1    Terker, A.S.2    Gamba, G.3
  • 13
    • 84958680558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles and regulation of renal K channels
    • Welling PA. Roles and regulation of renal K channels. Annu Rev Physiol. 2016;78(1):415–35.
    • (2016) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 415-435
    • Welling, P.A.1
  • 14
    • 2342475910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of renal K transport by dietary K intake
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjt1emt70%3D, PID: 14977413
    • Wang W. Regulation of renal K transport by dietary K intake. Annu Rev Physiol. 2004;66:547–69.
    • (2004) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.66 , pp. 547-569
    • Wang, W.1
  • 15
    • 0028108362 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of potassium absorption and secretion by the human intestine
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmtVWru7k%3D, PID: 8039632
    • Agarwal R, Afzalpurkar R, Fordtran JS. Pathophysiology of potassium absorption and secretion by the human intestine. Gastroenterology. 1994;107:548–71.
    • (1994) Gastroenterology , vol.107 , pp. 548-571
    • Agarwal, R.1    Afzalpurkar, R.2    Fordtran, J.S.3
  • 17
    • 84871206319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asking the question again: are cation exchange resins effective for the treatment of hyperkalemia?
    • PID: 22989741
    • Kamel KS, Schreiber M. Asking the question again: are cation exchange resins effective for the treatment of hyperkalemia? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27:4294–7.
    • (2012) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.27 , pp. 4294-4297
    • Kamel, K.S.1    Schreiber, M.2
  • 18
    • 0029948543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active potassium transport across guinea-pig distal colon: action of secretagogues
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjslWnsL4%3D, PID: 8782111
    • Rechkemmer G, Frizzell RA, Halm DR. Active potassium transport across guinea-pig distal colon: action of secretagogues. J Physiol. 1996;493:485–502.
    • (1996) J Physiol , vol.493 , pp. 485-502
    • Rechkemmer, G.1    Frizzell, R.A.2    Halm, D.R.3
  • 19
    • 18144379172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced large intestinal potassium permeability in end-stage renal disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1aitLg%3D, PID: 15772943
    • Mathialahan T, Maclennan KA, Sandle LN, Verbeke C, Sandle GI. Enhanced large intestinal potassium permeability in end-stage renal disease. J Pathol. 2005;206:46–51.
    • (2005) J Pathol , vol.206 , pp. 46-51
    • Mathialahan, T.1    Maclennan, K.A.2    Sandle, L.N.3    Verbeke, C.4    Sandle, G.I.5
  • 20
    • 84937511697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New drugs for the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors—hype or hope?
    • PID: 25425465
    • Tamargo J, Caballero R, Delpón E. New drugs for the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors—hype or hope? Discov Med. 2014;18:249–54.
    • (2014) Discov Med , vol.18 , pp. 249-254
    • Tamargo, J.1    Caballero, R.2    Delpón, E.3
  • 22
    • 67649470527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frequency of hyperkalemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease
    • Einhorn LM, Zhan M, Hsu VD, Walker LD, Moen MF, Seliger SL, et al. The frequency of hyperkalemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(12):1156–62.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , Issue.12 , pp. 1156-1162
    • Einhorn, L.M.1    Zhan, M.2    Hsu, V.D.3    Walker, L.D.4    Moen, M.F.5    Seliger, S.L.6
  • 23
    • 84873821407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision code for hyperkalaemia in elderly patients at presentation to an emergency department and at hospital admission
    • PID: 23274674
    • Fleet JL, Shariff SZ, Gandhi S, Weir MA, Jain AK, Garg AX. Validity of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision code for hyperkalaemia in elderly patients at presentation to an emergency department and at hospital admission. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e002011.
    • (2012) BMJ Open , vol.2
    • Fleet, J.L.1    Shariff, S.Z.2    Gandhi, S.3    Weir, M.A.4    Jain, A.K.5    Garg, A.X.6
  • 24
    • 84994310917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum potassium, mortality, and kidney outcomes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Chen Y, Chang AR, MA MADM, Inker LA, Matsushita K, Ballew SH, et al. Serum potassium, mortality, and kidney outcomes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91:1403–12.
    • (2016) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.91 , pp. 1403-1412
    • Chen, Y.1    Chang, A.R.2    Ma, M.A.D.M.3    Inker, L.A.4    Matsushita, K.5    Ballew, S.H.6
  • 25
    • 84963699424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive medications and the prevalence of hyperkalemia in a large health system
    • Chang AR, Sang Y, Leddy J, Yahya T, Kirchner HL, Inker LA, et al. Antihypertensive medications and the prevalence of hyperkalemia in a large health system. Hypertension. 2016;67:1181–8.
    • (2016) Hypertension , vol.67 , pp. 1181-1188
    • Chang, A.R.1    Sang, Y.2    Leddy, J.3    Yahya, T.4    Kirchner, H.L.5    Inker, L.A.6
  • 26
    • 84986325250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updates in hyperkalemia: outcomes and therapeutic strategies
    • Kovedsky CP. Updates in hyperkalemia: outcomes and therapeutic strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18:41–7.
    • (2017) Rev Endocr Metab Disord , vol.18 , pp. 41-47
    • Kovedsky, C.P.1
  • 29
    • 0032571822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients: causes, adequacy of treatment, and results of an attempt to improve physician compliance with published therapy guidelines
    • Acker CG, Johnson JP, Palevsky PM, Greenberg A. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients: causes, adequacy of treatment, and results of an attempt to improve physician compliance with published therapy guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(8):917–24.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , Issue.8 , pp. 917-924
    • Acker, C.G.1    Johnson, J.P.2    Palevsky, P.M.3    Greenberg, A.4
  • 30
    • 0034480590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzotFGhsA%3D%3D, PID: 11229629
    • Stevens MS, Dunlay RW. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2000;32:177–80.
    • (2000) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.32 , pp. 177-180
    • Stevens, M.S.1    Dunlay, R.W.2
  • 31
    • 84869209192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hyperkalemia requiring hospitalization: predictors of mortality
    • An JN, Lee JP, Jeon HJ, Kim DH, Oh YK, Kim YS, et al. Severe hyperkalemia requiring hospitalization: predictors of mortality. Crit Care. 2012;16:R225.
    • (2012) Crit Care , vol.16 , pp. R225
    • An, J.N.1    Lee, J.P.2    Jeon, H.J.3    Kim, D.H.4    Oh, Y.K.5    Kim, Y.S.6
  • 32
    • 84868193063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between hyperkalemia at critical care initiation and mortality
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsFKlu7zE, PID: 22806439
    • McMahon GM, Mendu ML, Gibbons FK, Christopher KB. Association between hyperkalemia at critical care initiation and mortality. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38:1834–42.
    • (2012) Intensive Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 1834-1842
    • McMahon, G.M.1    Mendu, M.L.2    Gibbons, F.K.3    Christopher, K.B.4
  • 33
    • 84901013790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperkalemia among hospitalized patients and association between duration of hyperkalemia and outcomes
    • Khanagavi J, Gupta T, Aronow WS, Shah T, Garg J, Ahn C, et al. Hyperkalemia among hospitalized patients and association between duration of hyperkalemia and outcomes. Arch Med Sci. 2014;2:251–7.
    • (2014) Arch Med Sci , vol.2 , pp. 251-257
    • Khanagavi, J.1    Gupta, T.2    Aronow, W.S.3    Shah, T.4    Garg, J.5    Ahn, C.6
  • 34
    • 85011728931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of hyperkalemia in patients with cardiovascular and renal disease
    • PID: 26788745
    • Dunn JD, Benton WW, Orozco-Torrentera E, Adamson RT. The burden of hyperkalemia in patients with cardiovascular and renal disease. Am J Manag Care. 2015;21(15 Suppl):s307–1.
    • (2015) Am J Manag Care , vol.21
    • Dunn, J.D.1    Benton, W.W.2    Orozco-Torrentera, E.3    Adamson, R.T.4
  • 35
    • 85043424390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alfonzo A, Soar J, MacTier R, Fox J, Shillday I, Nolan J, et al
    • Alfonzo A, Soar J, MacTier R, Fox J, Shillday I, Nolan J, et al. Clinical practical guidelines. Treatment of acute hyperkalaemia in adults Available: http://www.renal.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/hyperkalaemia-guideline---march-2014.pdf. Accessed 1 September 2017
    • Clinical practical guidelines. Treatment of acute hyperkalaemia in adults
  • 36
    • 33645819192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive therapy and its effects on potassium homeostasis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFWls7c%3D
    • Sica DA. Antihypertensive therapy and its effects on potassium homeostasis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2006;8:67–73.
    • (2006) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , vol.8 , pp. 67-73
    • Sica, D.A.1
  • 37
    • 84885845957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines
    • Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128:e240–327.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.128 , pp. e240-e327
    • Yancy, C.W.1    Jessup, M.2    Bozkurt, B.3    Butler, J.4    Casey, D.E.5    Drazner, M.H.6
  • 38
    • 84980396108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC
    • Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJ, et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2129–200.
    • (2016) Eur Heart J. 2016;37 , pp. 2129-2200
    • Ponikowski, P.1    Voors, A.A.2    Anker, S.D.3    Bueno, H.4    Cleland, J.G.5    Coats, A.J.6
  • 39
    • 1042264337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the optimal serum potassium level in cardiovascular patients?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXitVygu7g%3D, PID: 14736430
    • Macdonald JE, Struthers AD. What is the optimal serum potassium level in cardiovascular patients? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:155–16.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 116-155
    • Macdonald, J.E.1    Struthers, A.D.2
  • 40
    • 34548454106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A propensity-matched study of the association of low serum potassium levels and mortality in chronic heart failure
    • Ahmed A, Zannad F, Love TE, Tallaj J, Gheorghiade M, Ekundayo OJ, et al. A propensity-matched study of the association of low serum potassium levels and mortality in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1334–4.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 1334
    • Ahmed, A.1    Zannad, F.2    Love, T.E.3    Tallaj, J.4    Gheorghiade, M.5    Ekundayo, O.J.6
  • 43
    • 85015908392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term mortality risk of serum potassium levels in hypertension: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registry data
    • Krogager ML, Torp-Pedersen C, Mortensen RN, Køber L, Gislason G, Søgaard P, et al. Short-term mortality risk of serum potassium levels in hypertension: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registry data. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:104–11.
    • (2017) Eur Heart J , vol.38 , pp. 104-111
    • Krogager, M.L.1    Torp-Pedersen, C.2    Mortensen, R.N.3    Køber, L.4    Gislason, G.5    Søgaard, P.6
  • 45
    • 85028955227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of serum potassium with all-cause mortality in patients with and without heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and/or diabetes
    • Collins AJ, Pitt B, Reaven N, Funk S, McGaughey K, Wilson D, et al. Association of serum potassium with all-cause mortality in patients with and without heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and/or diabetes. Am J Nephrol. 2017;46:213–21.
    • (2017) Am J Nephrol , vol.46 , pp. 213-221
    • Collins, A.J.1    Pitt, B.2    Reaven, N.3    Funk, S.4    McGaughey, K.5    Wilson, D.6
  • 46
    • 0033781181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvptFWrsg%3D%3D, PID: 11043630
    • Mattu A, Brady WJ, Robinson DA. Electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18:721–9.
    • (2000) Am J Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 721-729
    • Mattu, A.1    Brady, W.J.2    Robinson, D.A.3
  • 47
    • 0036712883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiography is unreliable in detecting potentially lethal hyperkalaemia in haemodialysis patients
    • PID: 12198216
    • Aslam S, Friedman EA, Ifudu O. Electrocardiography is unreliable in detecting potentially lethal hyperkalaemia in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17:1639–42.
    • (2002) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.17 , pp. 1639-1642
    • Aslam, S.1    Friedman, E.A.2    Ifudu, O.3
  • 48
    • 33744824675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2005 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Part 10.1: life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities
    • ECC Committee, Subcommittees and Task Forces of the American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Part 10.1: life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities. Circulation. 2005;112(24 Suppl I):IV121–5.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. IV121-IV125
  • 49
    • 48949120290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of presentation and electrocardiogram on time to treatment of hyperkalemia
    • Freeman K, Feldman JA, Mitchell P, Donovan J, Dyer KS, Eliseo L, et al. Effects of presentation and electrocardiogram on time to treatment of hyperkalemia. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(3):239–49.
    • (2008) Acad Emerg Med , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-249
    • Freeman, K.1    Feldman, J.A.2    Mitchell, P.3    Donovan, J.4    Dyer, K.S.5    Eliseo, L.6
  • 50
    • 42549117080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective review of the frequency of ECG changes in hyperkalemia
    • PID: 18235147
    • Montague BT, Ouellette JR, Buller GK. Retrospective review of the frequency of ECG changes in hyperkalemia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3:324–30.
    • (2008) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 324-330
    • Montague, B.T.1    Ouellette, J.R.2    Buller, G.K.3
  • 51
    • 33846071937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors associated with a high velocity of the development of hyperkalaemia in hospitalised patients
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitVamsLo%3D, PID: 17194172
    • Indermitte J, Burkolter S, Drewe J, et al. Risk factors associated with a high velocity of the development of hyperkalaemia in hospitalised patients. Drug Saf. 2007;30:71–80.
    • (2007) Drug Saf , vol.30 , pp. 71-80
    • Indermitte, J.1    Burkolter, S.2    Drewe, J.3
  • 52
    • 0034530522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum potassium and cardiovascular mortality
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7ht1ektg%3D%3D, PID: 11119186
    • Fang J, Madhavan S, Cohen H, Alderman MH. Serum potassium and cardiovascular mortality. J Gen Intern Med. 2000;15:885–90.
    • (2000) J Gen Intern Med , vol.15 , pp. 885-890
    • Fang, J.1    Madhavan, S.2    Cohen, H.3    Alderman, M.H.4
  • 53
    • 4644221457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvFSgtr8%3D, PID: 15385656
    • Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1296–305.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1296-1305
    • Go, A.S.1    Chertow, G.M.2    Fan, D.3    McCulloch, C.E.4    Hsu, C.Y.5
  • 54
    • 84859320446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of hypo- and hyperkalemia with disease progression and mortality in males with chronic kidney disease: the role of race
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xls12ht7w%3D, PID: 22156587
    • Hayes J, Kalantar-Zadeh K, JL L, Turban S, Anderson JE, Kovesdy CP. Association of hypo- and hyperkalemia with disease progression and mortality in males with chronic kidney disease: the role of race. Nephron Clin Pract. 2012;120:c8–16.
    • (2012) Nephron Clin Pract , vol.120 , pp. c8-c16
    • Hayes, J.1    Kalantar-Zadeh, K.2    Jl, L.3    Turban, S.4    Anderson, J.E.5    Kovesdy, C.P.6
  • 56
    • 84903955528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction and management of hyperkalemia across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtVWrsrvI, PID: 25016403
    • Lazich I, Bakris GL. Prediction and management of hyperkalemia across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease. Semin Nephrol. 2014;34:333–9.
    • (2014) Semin Nephrol , vol.34 , pp. 333-339
    • Lazich, I.1    Bakris, G.L.2
  • 57
    • 84893158148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incident chronic kidney disease and newly developed complications related to renal dysfunction in an elderly population during 5 years: a community-based elderly population cohort study
    • e84467
    • Ahn SY, Ryu J, Baek SH, Kim S, Na KY, Kim KW, et al. Incident chronic kidney disease and newly developed complications related to renal dysfunction in an elderly population during 5 years: a community-based elderly population cohort study. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e84467.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.12
    • Ahn, S.Y.1    Ryu, J.2    Baek, S.H.3    Kim, S.4    Na, K.Y.5    Kim, K.W.6
  • 58
    • 84954459844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between serum potassium and outcomes in patients with reduced kidney function
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XmvFGhtL8%3D, PID: 26500246
    • Luo J, Brunelli SM, Jensen DE, Yang A. Association between serum potassium and outcomes in patients with reduced kidney function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11:90–100.
    • (2016) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.11 , pp. 90-100
    • Luo, J.1    Brunelli, S.M.2    Jensen, D.E.3    Yang, A.4
  • 59
    • 84896713380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker use, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • Molnar MZ, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lott EH, JL L, Malakauskas SM, Ma JZ, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker use, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(7):650–8.
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.63 , Issue.7 , pp. 650-658
    • Molnar, M.Z.1    Kalantar-Zadeh, K.2    Lott, E.H.3    Jl, L.4    Malakauskas, S.M.5    Ma, J.Z.6
  • 60
    • 33845760213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease
    • KDOQI. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49(2 Suppl 2):S12–S154.
    • (2007) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.49 , pp. S12-S154
  • 61
    • 84896705051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease
    • Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2013;3:S1–S150.
    • (2013) Kidney Int , vol.3 , pp. S1-S150
  • 63
    • 84879600350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To RAS or not to RAS? The evidence for and cautions with renin-angiotensin system inhibition in patients with diabetic kidney disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtVyjtr%2FJ, PID: 23576066
    • St Peter WL, Odum LE, Whaley-Connell AT. To RAS or not to RAS? The evidence for and cautions with renin-angiotensin system inhibition in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33:496–514.
    • (2013) Pharmacotherapy , vol.33 , pp. 496-514
    • St Peter, W.L.1    Odum, L.E.2    Whaley-Connell, A.T.3
  • 64
    • 84866268783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
    • Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1364–79.
    • (2012) Diabetes Care , vol.35 , pp. 1364-1379
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1    Bergenstal, R.M.2    Buse, J.B.3    Diamant, M.4    Ferrannini, E.5    Nauck, M.6
  • 65
    • 84941049586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum potassium levels as an outcome determinant in acute medical admissions
    • Conway R, Creagh D, Byrne DG, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Serum potassium levels as an outcome determinant in acute medical admissions. Clin Med (Lond). 2015;15:239–43.
    • (2015) Clin Med (Lond) , vol.15 , pp. 239-243
    • Conway, R.1    Creagh, D.2    Byrne, D.G.3    O’Riordan, D.4    Silke, B.5
  • 67
  • 68
    • 23844451243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical factors associate with hyperkalemia in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Ramadan FH, Masoodi N, El-Solh AA. Clinical factors associate with hyperkalemia in patients with congestive heart failure. J Clin Pharm Therapeutics. 2005;30(3):233–9.
    • (2005) J Clin Pharm Therapeutics , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-239
    • Ramadan, F.H.1    Masoodi, N.2    El-Solh, A.A.3
  • 69
    • 0033825899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced hyperkalemia: old culprits and new offenders
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FitlaktA%3D%3D, PID: 10996582
    • Perazella MA. Drug-induced hyperkalemia: old culprits and new offenders. Am J Med. 2000;109:307–14.
    • (2000) Am J Med , vol.109 , pp. 307-314
    • Perazella, M.A.1
  • 70
    • 56749163650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of drugs and comorbidity on serum potassium in 15,000 consecutive hospital admissions
    • PID: 18614817
    • Henz S, Maeder MT, Huber S, Schmid M, Loher M, Fehr T. Influence of drugs and comorbidity on serum potassium in 15,000 consecutive hospital admissions. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23:3939–45.
    • (2008) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.23 , pp. 3939-3945
    • Henz, S.1    Maeder, M.T.2    Huber, S.3    Schmid, M.4    Loher, M.5    Fehr, T.6
  • 72
    • 33745617463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men
    • Chang HY, YW H, Yue CS, Wen YW, Yeh WT, Hsu LS, et al. Effect of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1289–96.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.83 , pp. 1289-1296
    • Chang, H.Y.1    Yw, H.2    Yue, C.S.3    Wen, Y.W.4    Yeh, W.T.5    Hsu, L.S.6
  • 74
    • 84892784481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the concurrent use of potassium-influencing drugs as risk factors for the development of hyperkalemia
    • PID: 23974985
    • Kuijvenhoven MA, Haak EA, Gombert-Handoko KB, Crul M. Evaluation of the concurrent use of potassium-influencing drugs as risk factors for the development of hyperkalemia. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013;35:1099–104.
    • (2013) Int J Clin Pharm , vol.35 , pp. 1099-1104
    • Kuijvenhoven, M.A.1    Haak, E.A.2    Gombert-Handoko, K.B.3    Crul, M.4
  • 76
    • 70349765136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hyperkalemia in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease receiving antihypertensive therapy
    • Weinberg JM, Appel LJ, Bakris G, Gassman JJ, Greene T, Kendrick CA, et al. Risk of hyperkalemia in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease receiving antihypertensive therapy. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1587–94.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , pp. 1587-1594
    • Weinberg, J.M.1    Appel, L.J.2    Bakris, G.3    Gassman, J.J.4    Greene, T.5    Kendrick, C.A.6
  • 78
    • 84864801182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalemia in predialysis patients followed in a low-clearance clinic
    • Sarafidis PA, Blacklock R, Wood E, Rumjon A, Simmonds S, Fletcher-Rogers J, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalemia in predialysis patients followed in a low-clearance clinic. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7(8):1234–41.
    • (2012) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.7 , Issue.8 , pp. 1234-1241
    • Sarafidis, P.A.1    Blacklock, R.2    Wood, E.3    Rumjon, A.4    Simmonds, S.5    Fletcher-Rogers, J.6
  • 79
    • 84857051956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic complications in elderly adults with chronic kidney disease
    • Drawz PE, Babineau DC, Rahman M. Metabolic complications in elderly adults with chronic kidney disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(2):310–5.
    • (2012) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 310-315
    • Drawz, P.E.1    Babineau, D.C.2    Rahman, M.3
  • 80
    • 3042819708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease
    • Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2004;43(5 Suppl 1):S1–290.
    • (2004) Am. J. Kidney Dis , vol.43 , pp. S1-S290
  • 82
    • 0035463286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperkalaemia in dialysis patients
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrntFCgtQ%3D%3D, PID: 11679104
    • Ahmed J, Weisberg LS. Hyperkalaemia in dialysis patients. Semin Dial. 2001;14(5):348–56.
    • (2001) Semin Dial , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 348-356
    • Ahmed, J.1    Weisberg, L.S.2
  • 83
    • 0020791851 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus, moderate renal insufficiency and hyperkalemia
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL3szgsF2jtA%3D%3D, PID: 6351618
    • Glassock RJ, Goldstein DA, Goldstone R, Hsueh WA. Diabetes mellitus, moderate renal insufficiency and hyperkalemia. Am J Nephrol. 1983;3:233–40.
    • (1983) Am J Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 233-240
    • Glassock, R.J.1    Goldstein, D.A.2    Goldstone, R.3    Hsueh, W.A.4
  • 84
    • 0025141967 scopus 로고
    • Hyperkalemia in diabetes mellitus
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3pvFyqtg%3D%3D
    • Uribarri J, MS O, Carroll HJ. Hyperkalemia in diabetes mellitus. J Diabet Complicat. 1990;4:3–7.
    • (1990) J Diabet Complicat , vol.4 , pp. 3-7
    • Uribarri, J.1    Ms, O.2    Carroll, H.J.3
  • 85
    • 3442888821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing hyperkalemia caused by inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtF2ru7o%3D, PID: 15295051
    • Palmer BF. Managing hyperkalemia caused by inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:585–92.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 585-592
    • Palmer, B.F.1
  • 86
    • 85032488152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of clinical outcomes and costs based on prescribed dose level of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors
    • Epstein M, Alvarez PJ, Reaven NL, Funk SE, McGaughey KJ, Brenner MS, et al. Evaluation of clinical outcomes and costs based on prescribed dose level of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Am J Manag Care. 2016;22(11 Suppl):s311–24.
    • (2016) Am J Manag Care , vol.22 , pp. s311-s324
    • Epstein, M.1    Alvarez, P.J.2    Reaven, N.L.3    Funk, S.E.4    McGaughey, K.J.5    Brenner, M.S.6
  • 87
    • 77149130187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist therapies in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: are they underutilized?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXktlSksrk%3D, PID: 20104936
    • Pappoe LS, Winkelmayer WC. ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist therapies in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: are they underutilized? Drugs Aging. 2010;27(2):87–94.
    • (2010) Drugs Aging , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-94
    • Pappoe, L.S.1    Winkelmayer, W.C.2
  • 88
    • 84863807562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce mortality in hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors involving 158,998 patients
    • van Vark LC, Bertrand M, Akkerhuis KM, Brugts JJ, Fox K, Mourad JJ, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce mortality in hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors involving 158,998 patients. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(16):2088–97.
    • (2012) Eur Heart J , vol.33 , Issue.16 , pp. 2088-2097
    • van Vark, L.C.1    Bertrand, M.2    Akkerhuis, K.M.3    Brugts, J.J.4    Fox, K.5    Mourad, J.J.6
  • 89
    • 35748951306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and predictors of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure: an analysis of the CHARM program
    • Desai AS, Swedberg K, McMurray JJV, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Young JB, et al. Incidence and predictors of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure: an analysis of the CHARM program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1959–66.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.50 , pp. 1959-1966
    • Desai, A.S.1    Swedberg, K.2    McMurray, J.J.V.3    Granger, C.B.4    Yusuf, S.5    Young, J.B.6
  • 90
    • 0033832611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of the development of hyperkalemia in patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fhs1Kgtw%3D%3D, PID: 10970978
    • Ahuja TS, Freeman D Jr, Mahnken JD, Agraharkar M, Siddiqui M, Memon A. Predictors of the development of hyperkalemia in patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am J Nephrol. 2000;20:268–72.
    • (2000) Am J Nephrol , vol.20 , pp. 268-272
    • Ahuja, T.S.1    Freeman, D.2    Mahnken, J.D.3    Agraharkar, M.4    Siddiqui, M.5    Memon, A.6
  • 91
    • 77749292028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potassium homeostasis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors
    • Weir MR, Rolfe M. Potassium homeostasis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(3):531–8.
    • (2010) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 531-538
    • Weir, M.R.1    Rolfe, M.2
  • 92
    • 84896109810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, determinants, and prognostic significance of hyperkalemia and worsening renal function in patients with heart failure receiving the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone or placebo in addition to optimal medical therapy: results from the Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization and Survival Study in Heart Failure (EMPHASIS-HF)
    • Rossignol P, Dobre D, McMurray JJ, Swedberg K, Krum H, van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Incidence, determinants, and prognostic significance of hyperkalemia and worsening renal function in patients with heart failure receiving the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone or placebo in addition to optimal medical therapy: results from the Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization and Survival Study in Heart Failure (EMPHASIS-HF). Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7(1):51–8.
    • (2014) Circ Heart Fail , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-58
    • Rossignol, P.1    Dobre, D.2    McMurray, J.J.3    Swedberg, K.4    Krum, H.5    van Veldhuisen, D.J.6
  • 93
    • 84907389177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, predictors, and outcomes related to hypo- and hyperkalemia in patients with severe heart failure treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
    • Vardeny O, Claggett B, Anand I, Rossignol P, Desai AS, Zannad F, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes related to hypo- and hyperkalemia in patients with severe heart failure treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7(4):573–9.
    • (2014) Circ Heart Fail , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 573-579
    • Vardeny, O.1    Claggett, B.2    Anand, I.3    Rossignol, P.4    Desai, A.S.5    Zannad, F.6
  • 95
    • 66149131479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXktFKis78%3D, PID: 19261819
    • Navaneethan SD, Nigwekar SU, Sehgal AR, Strippoli GF. Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:542–51.
    • (2009) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.4 , pp. 542-551
    • Navaneethan, S.D.1    Nigwekar, S.U.2    Sehgal, A.R.3    Strippoli, G.F.4
  • 96
    • 77949715013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the risk of hyperkalaemia in heart failure: role of aldosterone antagonism
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltlemsr4%3D, PID: 20237007
    • Poggio R, Grancelli HO, Miriuka SG. Understanding the risk of hyperkalaemia in heart failure: role of aldosterone antagonism. Postgrad Med J. 2010;86:136–42.
    • (2010) Postgrad Med J , vol.86 , pp. 136-142
    • Poggio, R.1    Grancelli, H.O.2    Miriuka, S.G.3
  • 97
    • 76749109866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cardiac and renal disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1ynsL8%3D, PID: 20051849
    • Slagman MC, Navis G, Laverman GD. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cardiac and renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2010;19:140–52.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.19 , pp. 140-152
    • Slagman, M.C.1    Navis, G.2    Laverman, G.D.3
  • 98
    • 55949115945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperkalemia associated with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: balancing risk and benefit
    • Desai A. Hyperkalemia associated with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: balancing risk and benefit. Circulation. 2008;118(16):1609–11.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , Issue.16 , pp. 1609-1611
    • Desai, A.1
  • 99
    • 56049083771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on serum potassium levels and renal function in ambulatory outpatients: risk factors analysis
    • PID: 18854676
    • Maddirala S, Khan A, Vincent A, Lau K. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on serum potassium levels and renal function in ambulatory outpatients: risk factors analysis. Am J Med Sci. 2008;336:330–5.
    • (2008) Am J Med Sci , vol.336 , pp. 330-335
    • Maddirala, S.1    Khan, A.2    Vincent, A.3    Lau, K.4
  • 100
    • 84860617929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperkalemia associated with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVClsLnL, PID: 21883995
    • Raebel MA. Hyperkalemia associated with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Cardiovasc Ther. 2012;30:e156–66.
    • (2012) Cardiovasc Ther , vol.30 , pp. e156-e166
    • Raebel, M.A.1
  • 101
    • 0037417252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
    • Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, Neaton J, Martinez F, Roniker B, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(14):1309–21.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , Issue.14 , pp. 1309-1321
    • Pitt, B.1    Remme, W.2    Zannad, F.3    Neaton, J.4    Martinez, F.5    Roniker, B.6
  • 104
    • 0035902622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal disease. A meta-analysis of patient-level data
    • Jafar TH, Schmid CH, Landa M, Giatras I, Toto R, Remuzzi G, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal disease. A meta-analysis of patient-level data. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135(2):73–87.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.135 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-87
    • Jafar, T.H.1    Schmid, C.H.2    Landa, M.3    Giatras, I.4    Toto, R.5    Remuzzi, G.6
  • 105
    • 34247640280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with an ACE inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker for diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis
    • Jennings DL, Kalus JS, Coleman CI, Manierski C, Yee J. Combination therapy with an ACE inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker for diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2007;24(5):486–93.
    • (2007) Diabet Med , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 486-493
    • Jennings, D.L.1    Kalus, J.S.2    Coleman, C.I.3    Manierski, C.4    Yee, J.5
  • 106
    • 69749100645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of hyperkalemia risk following hypertension control with aldosterone blockade
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVensLjN, PID: 19738369
    • Khosla N, Kalaitzidis R, Bakris GL. Predictors of hyperkalemia risk following hypertension control with aldosterone blockade. Am J Nephrol. 2009;30:418–24.
    • (2009) Am J Nephrol , vol.30 , pp. 418-424
    • Khosla, N.1    Kalaitzidis, R.2    Bakris, G.L.3
  • 107
    • 84858997658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of combination treatment with aliskiren and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system on hyperkalaemia and acute kidney injury: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • e42
    • Harel Z, Gilbert C, Wald R, Bell C, Perl J, Juurlink D, et al. The effect of combination treatment with aliskiren and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system on hyperkalaemia and acute kidney injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;344:e42.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344
    • Harel, Z.1    Gilbert, C.2    Wald, R.3    Bell, C.4    Perl, J.5    Juurlink, D.6
  • 108
    • 33745188045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with an angiotensin receptor blocker and an ACE inhibitor in proteinuric renal disease: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety data
    • MacKinnon M, Shurraw S, Akbari A, Knoll GA, Jaffey J, Clark HD. Combination therapy with an angiotensin receptor blocker and an ACE inhibitor in proteinuric renal disease: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety data. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48:8–20.
    • (2006) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.48 , pp. 8-20
    • MacKinnon, M.1    Shurraw, S.2    Akbari, A.3    Knoll, G.A.4    Jaffey, J.5    Clark, H.D.6
  • 109
    • 3442886513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study
    • Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, Kopp A, Austin PC, Laupacis A, et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:543–51.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 543-551
    • Juurlink, D.N.1    Mamdani, M.M.2    Lee, D.S.3    Kopp, A.4    Austin, P.C.5    Laupacis, A.6
  • 111
    • 84950246890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Takahashi S, Katada J, Daida H, Kitamura F, Yokoyama K. Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2016;30:534–42.
    • (2016) J Hum Hypertens , vol.30 , pp. 534-542
    • Takahashi, S.1    Katada, J.2    Daida, H.3    Kitamura, F.4    Yokoyama, K.5
  • 112
    • 0033735928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade: impact on potassium in renal failure
    • Bakris GL, Siomos M, Richardson D, Janssen I, Bolton WK, Hebert L, et al. ACE inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade: impact on potassium in renal failure. Kidney Int. 2000;58(5):2084–92.
    • (2000) Kidney Int , vol.58 , Issue.5 , pp. 2084-2092
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Siomos, M.2    Richardson, D.3    Janssen, I.4    Bolton, W.K.5    Hebert, L.6
  • 113
    • 0033533456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators
    • McKelvie RS, Yusuf S, Pericak D, Avezum A, Burns RJ, Probstfield J, et al. Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators. Circulation. 1999;100:1056–64.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 1056-1064
    • McKelvie, R.S.1    Yusuf, S.2    Pericak, D.3    Avezum, A.4    Burns, R.J.5    Probstfield, J.6
  • 114
    • 55949112567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum potassium and clinical outcomes in the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS)
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1SntLrL, PID: 18824643
    • Pitt B, Bakris G, Ruilope LM, DiCarlo L, Mukherjee R. Serum potassium and clinical outcomes in the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS). Circulation. 2008;118:1643–50.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 1643-1650
    • Pitt, B.1    Bakris, G.2    Ruilope, L.M.3    DiCarlo, L.4    Mukherjee, R.5
  • 115
    • 84886023778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of eplerenone in patients at high risk for hyperkalemia and/or worsening renal function: analyses of the EMPHASIS-HF study subgroups (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure)
    • Eschalier R, McMurray JJ, Swedberg K, van Veldhuisen DJ, Krum H, Pocock SJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of eplerenone in patients at high risk for hyperkalemia and/or worsening renal function: analyses of the EMPHASIS-HF study subgroups (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:1585–93.
    • (2013) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.62 , pp. 1585-1593
    • Eschalier, R.1    McMurray, J.J.2    Swedberg, K.3    van Veldhuisen, D.J.4    Krum, H.5    Pocock, S.J.6
  • 116
    • 4143062592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How prevalent is hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction during treatment with spironolactone in patients with congestive heart failure?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmslOgtrk%3D, PID: 15309695
    • Svensson M, Gustafsson F, Galatius S, Hildebrandt PR, Atar D. How prevalent is hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction during treatment with spironolactone in patients with congestive heart failure? J Card Fail. 2004;10:297–303.
    • (2004) J Card Fail , vol.10 , pp. 297-303
    • Svensson, M.1    Gustafsson, F.2    Galatius, S.3    Hildebrandt, P.R.4    Atar, D.5
  • 117
    • 0033517302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators
    • Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709–17.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 709-717
    • Pitt, B.1    Zannad, F.2    Remme, W.J.3    Cody, R.4    Castaigne, A.5    Perez, A.6
  • 118
    • 0037438820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications of inappropriate use of spironolactone in heart failure: when an old medicine spirals out of new guidelines
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXht1Srs7w%3D, PID: 12535810
    • Bozkurt B, Agoston I, Knowlton AA. Complications of inappropriate use of spironolactone in heart failure: when an old medicine spirals out of new guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:211–4.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 211-214
    • Bozkurt, B.1    Agoston, I.2    Knowlton, A.A.3
  • 119
    • 24044466543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adequacy of laboratory monitoring in patients treated with spironolactone for congestive heart failure
    • Shah KB, Rao K, Sawyer R, Gottlieb SS. The adequacy of laboratory monitoring in patients treated with spironolactone for congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(5):845–9.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 845-849
    • Shah, K.B.1    Rao, K.2    Sawyer, R.3    Gottlieb, S.S.4
  • 120
    • 33846550667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory monitoring of potassium and creatinine in ambulatory patients receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitVems70%3D, PID: 16470693
    • Raebel MA, McClure DL, Simon SR, et al. Laboratory monitoring of potassium and creatinine in ambulatory patients receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16:55–64.
    • (2007) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.16 , pp. 55-64
    • Raebel, M.A.1    McClure, D.L.2    Simon, S.R.3
  • 121
    • 84946761083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistency of laboratory monitoring during initiation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy in patients with heart failre
    • Cooper LB, Hammill BG, Peterson ED, Pitt B, Maciejewski ML, Curtis LH, et al. Consistency of laboratory monitoring during initiation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy in patients with heart failre. JAMA. 2015;314:1973–5.
    • (2015) JAMA , vol.314 , pp. 1973-1975
    • Cooper, L.B.1    Hammill, B.G.2    Peterson, E.D.3    Pitt, B.4    Maciejewski, M.L.5    Curtis, L.H.6
  • 122
    • 85011968147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the treatment gap between clinical guidelines and the utilization of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors
    • PID: 26619183
    • Epstein M, Reaven NL, Funk SE, McGaughey KJ, Oestreicher N, Knispel J. Evaluation of the treatment gap between clinical guidelines and the utilization of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Am J Manag Care. 2015;21(Suppl):S212–20.
    • (2015) Am J Manag Care , vol.21 , pp. S212-S220
    • Epstein, M.1    Reaven, N.L.2    Funk, S.E.3    McGaughey, K.J.4    Oestreicher, N.5    Knispel, J.6
  • 125
    • 84866385679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major barriers against renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker use in chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 in clinical practice: a safety concern?
    • Yildirim T, Arici M, Piskinpasa S, Aybal-Kutlugun A, Yilmaz R, Altun B, et al. Major barriers against renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker use in chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 in clinical practice: a safety concern? Ren Fail. 2012;34(9):1095–9.
    • (2012) Ren Fail , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 1095-1099
    • Yildirim, T.1    Arici, M.2    Piskinpasa, S.3    Aybal-Kutlugun, A.4    Yilmaz, R.5    Altun, B.6
  • 126
    • 84885042198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12,440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsFyksbrI, PID: 23978433
    • Maggioni AP, Anker SD, Dahlström U, Heart Failure Association of the ESC, et al. Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12,440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:1173–84.
    • (2013) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.15 , pp. 1173-1184
    • Maggioni, A.P.1    Anker, S.D.2    Dahlström, U.3
  • 127
    • 85000761501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • PID: 27905877
    • Berbenetz NM, Mrkobrada M. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16:246.
    • (2016) BMC Cardiovasc Disord , vol.16 , pp. 246
    • Berbenetz, N.M.1    Mrkobrada, M.2
  • 128
    • 79957930328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and predictors of evidence-based medication continuation among hospitalized heart failure patients (from Get With the Guidelines-Heart Failure)
    • Krantz MJ, Ambardekar AV, Kaltenbach L, Hernandez AF, Heidenreich PA, Fonarow GC, et al. Patterns and predictors of evidence-based medication continuation among hospitalized heart failure patients (from Get With the Guidelines-Heart Failure). Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:1818–23.
    • (2011) Am J Cardiol , vol.107 , pp. 1818-1823
    • Krantz, M.J.1    Ambardekar, A.V.2    Kaltenbach, L.3    Hernandez, A.F.4    Heidenreich, P.A.5    Fonarow, G.C.6
  • 130
    • 84964877723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians’ adherence to guideline-recommended medications in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: data from the QUALIFY global survey
    • Komajda M, Anker SD, Cowie MR, Filippatos GS, Mengelle B, Ponikowski P, et al. Physicians’ adherence to guideline-recommended medications in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: data from the QUALIFY global survey. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(5):514–22.
    • (2016) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 514-522
    • Komajda, M.1    Anker, S.D.2    Cowie, M.R.3    Filippatos, G.S.4    Mengelle, B.5    Ponikowski, P.6
  • 131
    • 85021335865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants and clinical outcome of uptitration of ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers in patients with heart failure: a prospective European study
    • Ouwerkerk W, Voors AA, Anker SD, Cleland JG, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, et al. Determinants and clinical outcome of uptitration of ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers in patients with heart failure: a prospective European study. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(24):1883–90.
    • (2017) Eur Heart J , vol.38 , Issue.24 , pp. 1883-1890
    • Ouwerkerk, W.1    Voors, A.A.2    Anker, S.D.3    Cleland, J.G.4    Dickstein, K.5    Filippatos, G.6
  • 133
    • 58149241372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of severe hyperkalemia
    • PID: 18936701
    • Weisberg LS. Management of severe hyperkalemia. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:3246–51.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 3246-3251
    • Weisberg, L.S.1
  • 135
    • 84947862944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperkalemia: an update for the internist
    • PID: 26093176
    • Kovesdy CP. Management of hyperkalemia: an update for the internist. Am J Med. 2015;128:1281–7.
    • (2015) Am J Med , vol.128 , pp. 1281-1287
    • Kovesdy, C.P.1
  • 136
    • 84941206302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New potassium binders for the treatment of hyperkalemia: current data and opportunities for the future
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsVyhu7fP, PID: 26303290
    • Pitt B, Bakris GL. New potassium binders for the treatment of hyperkalemia: current data and opportunities for the future. Hypertension. 2015;66:731–8.
    • (2015) Hypertension , vol.66 , pp. 731-738
    • Pitt, B.1    Bakris, G.L.2
  • 137
    • 84894059339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients
    • PID: 23255245
    • Fordjour KN, Walton T, Doran JJ. Management of hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients. Am J Med Sci. 2014;347:93–100.
    • (2014) Am J Med Sci , vol.347 , pp. 93-100
    • Fordjour, K.N.1    Walton, T.2    Doran, J.J.3
  • 138
    • 84989827959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia: guideline for best practice and opportunities for the future
    • Rossignol P, Legrand M, Kosiborod M, Hollenberg SM, Peacock WF, Emmett M, et al. Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia: guideline for best practice and opportunities for the future. Pharmacol Res. 2016;113:585–91.
    • (2016) Pharmacol Res , vol.113 , pp. 585-591
    • Rossignol, P.1    Legrand, M.2    Kosiborod, M.3    Hollenberg, S.M.4    Peacock, W.F.5    Emmett, M.6
  • 139
    • 84944044319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary interventions to improve outcomes in chronic kidney disease
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhs1Kjtr7N, PID: 26335553
    • Goraya N, Wesson DE. Dietary interventions to improve outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2015;24:505–10.
    • (2015) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 505-510
    • Goraya, N.1    Wesson, D.E.2
  • 140
    • 77952578454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion-exchange resins for the treatment of hyperkalemia: are they safe and effective?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmvFOjsrY%3D, PID: 20167700
    • Sterns RH, Rojas M, Bernstein P, Chennupati S. Ion-exchange resins for the treatment of hyperkalemia: are they safe and effective? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21:733–5.
    • (2010) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.21 , pp. 733-735
    • Sterns, R.H.1    Rojas, M.2    Bernstein, P.3    Chennupati, S.4
  • 141
    • 0004949093 scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperkalemia with a cation-exchange resin
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaF3c%2Fmslantg%3D%3D, PID: 13747532
    • Scherr L, Ogden DA, Mead AW, Spritz N, Rubin AL. Management of hyperkalemia with a cation-exchange resin. N Engl J Med. 1961;264:115–9.
    • (1961) N Engl J Med , vol.264 , pp. 115-119
    • Scherr, L.1    Ogden, D.A.2    Mead, A.W.3    Spritz, N.4    Rubin, A.L.5
  • 143
    • 79952473463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the inpatient management of hyperkalemia
    • PID: 21387549
    • Kessler C, Ng J, Valdez K, Xie H, Geiger B. The use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the inpatient management of hyperkalemia. J Hosp Med. 2011;6:136–40.
    • (2011) J Hosp Med , vol.6 , pp. 136-140
    • Kessler, C.1    Ng, J.2    Valdez, K.3    Xie, H.4    Geiger, B.5
  • 144
    • 84865681744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of prescription of oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol in an inpatient setting with colonic necrosis: a retrospective cohort study
    • Watson MA, Baker TP, Nguyen A, Sebastianelli ME, Stewart HL, Oliver DK, et al. Association of prescription of oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol in an inpatient setting with colonic necrosis: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60:409–16.
    • (2012) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.60 , pp. 409-416
    • Watson, M.A.1    Baker, T.P.2    Nguyen, A.3    Sebastianelli, M.E.4    Stewart, H.L.5    Oliver, D.K.6
  • 145
    • 84873704593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal adverse events with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) use: a systematic review
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXnslegsQ%3D%3D
    • Harel Z, Harel S, Shah PS, Wald R, Perl J, Bell CM. Gastrointestinal adverse events with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) use: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2013;126:264.e9–4.
    • (2013) Am J Med , vol.126
    • Harel, Z.1    Harel, S.2    Shah, P.S.3    Wald, R.4    Perl, J.5    Bell, C.M.6
  • 147
    • 84855693262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention of hyperkalemia with sodium polystyrene sulfonate in cardiac and kidney patients on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition therapy
    • Chernin G, Gal-Oz A, Ben-Assa E, Schwartz IF, Weinstein T, Schwartz D, et al. Secondary prevention of hyperkalemia with sodium polystyrene sulfonate in cardiac and kidney patients on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition therapy. Clin Cardiol. 2012;35(1):32–6.
    • (2012) Clin Cardiol , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-36
    • Chernin, G.1    Gal-Oz, A.2    Ben-Assa, E.3    Schwartz, I.F.4    Weinstein, T.5    Schwartz, D.6
  • 148
    • 84957805584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of sodium polystyrene sulfonate for the treatment of mild hyperkalemia in CKD
    • Lepage L, Dufour AC, Doiron J, Handfield K, Desforges K, Bell R, et al. Randomized clinical trial of sodium polystyrene sulfonate for the treatment of mild hyperkalemia in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:2136–42.
    • (2015) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.10 , pp. 2136-2142
    • Lepage, L.1    Dufour, A.C.2    Doiron, J.3    Handfield, K.4    Desforges, K.5    Bell, R.6
  • 149
    • 84975292114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in pharmacological treatments of hyperkalemia: focus on patiromer
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtVSrs7zK, PID: 27180623
    • Epstein M, Pitt B. Recent advances in pharmacological treatments of hyperkalemia: focus on patiromer. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016;17:1435–48.
    • (2016) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.17 , pp. 1435-1448
    • Epstein, M.1    Pitt, B.2
  • 150
    • 85010878247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of patiromer in the treatment of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease patients with hypertension on diuretics
    • Weir MR, Mayo MR, Garza D, Arthur SA, Berman L, Bushinsky D, et al. Effectiveness of patiromer in the treatment of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease patients with hypertension on diuretics. J Hypertens. 2017;35(Suppl 1):S57–63.
    • (2017) J Hypertens , vol.35 , pp. S57-S63
    • Weir, M.R.1    Mayo, M.R.2    Garza, D.3    Arthur, S.A.4    Berman, L.5    Bushinsky, D.6
  • 151
    • 85043446968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Veltassa™. Prescribing information. Available at: http://www.relypsa.com/veltassa/prescribing-information/. Last accessed 5 Sept 2017.
    • Veltassa™. Prescribing information
  • 152
    • 84555197132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEARL-HF: prevention of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure using a novel polymeric potassium binder, RLY5016
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1Krt7rP, PID: 22185443
    • Buysse JM, Huang IZ, Pitt B. PEARL-HF: prevention of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure using a novel polymeric potassium binder, RLY5016. Future Cardiol. 2012;8:17–28.
    • (2012) Future Cardiol , vol.8 , pp. 17-28
    • Buysse, J.M.1    Huang, I.Z.2    Pitt, B.3
  • 153
    • 84982899524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action and pharmacology of patiromer, a nonabsorbed cross-linked polymer that lowers serum potassium concentration in patients with hyperkalemia
    • Li L, Harrison SD, Cope MJ, Park C, Lee L, Salaymeh F, et al. Mechanism of action and pharmacology of patiromer, a nonabsorbed cross-linked polymer that lowers serum potassium concentration in patients with hyperkalemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21:456–65.
    • (2016) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 456-465
    • Li, L.1    Harrison, S.D.2    Cope, M.J.3    Park, C.4    Lee, L.5    Salaymeh, F.6
  • 154
    • 84937401175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of patiromer on serum potassium level in patients with hyperkalemia and diabetic kidney disease: the AMETHYST-DN Randomized Clinical Trial
    • Bakris GL, Pitt B, Weir MR, Freeman MW, Mayo MR, Garza D, et al. Effect of patiromer on serum potassium level in patients with hyperkalemia and diabetic kidney disease: the AMETHYST-DN Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015;314:151–61.
    • (2015) JAMA , vol.314 , pp. 151-161
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Pitt, B.2    Weir, M.R.3    Freeman, M.W.4    Mayo, M.R.5    Garza, D.6
  • 155
    • 84951567257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patiromer induces rapid and sustained potassium lowering in patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia
    • Bushinsky DA, Williams GH, Pitt B, Weir MR, Freeman MW, Garza D, et al. Patiromer induces rapid and sustained potassium lowering in patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia. Kidney Int. 2015;88(6):1427–33.
    • (2015) Kidney Int , vol.88 , Issue.6 , pp. 1427-1433
    • Bushinsky, D.A.1    Williams, G.H.2    Pitt, B.3    Weir, M.R.4    Freeman, M.W.5    Garza, D.6
  • 156
    • 79953720277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heart failure (the PEARL-HF) trial
    • Pitt B, Anker SD, Bushinsky DA, Kitzman DW, Zannad F, Huang IZ, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heart failure (the PEARL-HF) trial. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:820–8.
    • (2011) Eur Heart J , vol.32 , pp. 820-828
    • Pitt, B.1    Anker, S.D.2    Bushinsky, D.A.3    Kitzman, D.W.4    Zannad, F.5    Huang, I.Z.6
  • 157
    • 84920982556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors
    • Weir MR, Bakris GL, Bushinsky DA, Mayo MR, Garza D, Stasiv Y, et al. Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:211–21.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 211-221
    • Weir, M.R.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Bushinsky, D.A.3    Mayo, M.R.4    Garza, D.5    Stasiv, Y.6
  • 158
    • 84977663733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with patiromer decreases aldosterone in patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors
    • Weir MR, Bakris GL, Gross C, Mayo MR, Garza D, Stasiv Y, et al. Treatment with patiromer decreases aldosterone in patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Kidney Int. 2016;90:696–704.
    • (2016) Kidney Int , vol.90 , pp. 696-704
    • Weir, M.R.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Gross, C.3    Mayo, M.R.4    Garza, D.5    Stasiv, Y.6
  • 159
    • 84945979032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of patiromer on reducing serum potassium and preventing recurrent hyperkalaemia in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease on RAAS inhibitors
    • Pitt B, Bakris GL, Bushinsky DA, Garza D, Mayo MR, Stasiv Y, et al. Effect of patiromer on reducing serum potassium and preventing recurrent hyperkalaemia in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease on RAAS inhibitors. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17:1057–65.
    • (2015) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.17 , pp. 1057-1065
    • Pitt, B.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Bushinsky, D.A.3    Garza, D.4    Mayo, M.R.5    Stasiv, Y.6
  • 160
    • 84962464661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate [ZS-9] in the treatment of hyperkalemia
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XmtFantLg%3D, PID: 26998854
    • Packham DK, Kosiborod M. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate [ZS-9] in the treatment of hyperkalemia. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2016;12:567–73.
    • (2016) Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , vol.12 , pp. 567-573
    • Packham, D.K.1    Kosiborod, M.2
  • 161
    • 84892909608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro ion exchange capacity and selectivity of ZS-9, a novel, selective cation trap for the treatment of hyperkalemia
    • Yang A, Leon A, Nuttall M, Low J, Rasmussen H. In vitro ion exchange capacity and selectivity of ZS-9, a novel, selective cation trap for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63:A115.
    • (2014) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.63 , pp. A115
    • Yang, A.1    Leon, A.2    Nuttall, M.3    Low, J.4    Rasmussen, H.5
  • 163
    • 84914703676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on potassium lowering for 28 days among outpatients with hyperkalemia
    • Kosiborod M, Rasmussen HS, Lavin P, Qunibi WY, Spinowitz B, Packham D, et al. Effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on potassium lowering for 28 days among outpatients with hyperkalemia. JAMA. 2014;312:2223–33.
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.312 , pp. 2223-2233
    • Kosiborod, M.1    Rasmussen, H.S.2    Lavin, P.3    Qunibi, W.Y.4    Spinowitz, B.5    Packham, D.6
  • 164
    • 84938547770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • efficacy of ZS9, a novel selective cation trap, for treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • Ash SR, Singh B, Lavin PT, Stavros F, Rasmussen HS. Safety and efficacy of ZS9, a novel selective cation trap, for treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2015;88(2):404–11.
    • (2015) Kidney Int , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 404-411
    • Ash, S.R.1    Singh, B.2    Lavin, P.T.3    Stavros, F.4    Rasmussen, H.S.5
  • 165
    • 84920973726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in hyperkalemia
    • PID: 25415807
    • Packham DK, Rasmussen HS, Lavin PT, et al. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in hyperkalemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:222–31.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 222-231
    • Packham, D.K.1    Rasmussen, H.S.2    Lavin, P.T.3
  • 166
    • 84928038672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for urgent therapy of severe hyperkalemia
    • PID: 25875277
    • Kosiborod M, Peacock WF, Packham DK. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for urgent therapy of severe hyperkalemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1577–8.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 1577-1578
    • Kosiborod, M.1    Peacock, W.F.2    Packham, D.K.3
  • 167
    • 84946482152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of serum potassium with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS-9) in heart failure patients: results from a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Anker SD, Kosiborod M, Zannad F, Piña IL, McCullough PA, Filippatos G, et al. Maintenance of serum potassium with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS-9) in heart failure patients: results from a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17(10):1050–6.
    • (2015) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1050-1056
    • Anker, S.D.1    Kosiborod, M.2    Zannad, F.3    Piña, I.L.4    McCullough, P.A.5    Filippatos, G.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.