Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 542-551

  Navaneethan, Sankar D ^a,f   Nigwekar, Sagar U ^b   Sehgal, Ashwini R ^c   Strippoli, Giovanni F M ^d,e,f,g  

^a LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b ROCHESTER GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c METROHEALTH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d Mario Negri Sud Consortium ^*  (Italy)

^e Medical Scientific Office   (Sweden)

^f University of Sydney   (Australia)

^g UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; EPLERENONE; PLACEBO; SPIRONOLACTONE;

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GYNECOMASTIA; HUMAN; HYPERKALEMIA; MASTALGIA; META ANALYSIS; MONOTHERAPY; MORTALITY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROTEINURIA; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECT; KIDNEY DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HUMANS; HYPERKALEMIA; KIDNEY DISEASES; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; PROTEINURIA; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; RISK ASSESSMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 66149131479     PISSN: 15559041     EISSN: 1555905X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04750908     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, Manzi J, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Levey AS: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 298: 2038-2047, 2007 (Pubitemid 350074801)
2. Grassmann A, Gioberge S, Moeller S, Brown G: ESRD patients in 2004: Global overview of patient numbers, treatment modalities and associated trends. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 2587-2593, 2005
3. Brenner B: Retarding the progression of renal disease. Kidney Int 64: 370-378, 2003
4. Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ, Caggiula AW, Hunsicker L, Kusek JW, Striker G: The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med 330: 877-884, 1994
5. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, Keane WF, Mitch WE, Parving HH, Remuzzi G, Snapinn SM, Zhang Z, Shahinfar S; RENAAL Study Investigators: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 345: 861-869, 2001 (Pubitemid 34940825)
6. The GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia): Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. Lancet 349: 1857-1863, 1997
7. Mathiesen ER, Hommel E, Hansen HP, Smidt UM, Parving HH: Randomised controlled trial of long term efficacy of captopril on preservation of kidney function in normotensive patients with insulin dependent diabetes and microalbuminuria. BMJ 319: 24-35, 1999 (Pubitemid 29304341)
8. Jafar TH, Schmid CH, Landa M, Giatras I, Toto R, Remuzzi G, Maschio G, Brenner BM, Kamper A, Zucchelli P, Becker G, Himmelmann A, Bannister K, Landais P, Shahinfar S, de Jong PE, de Zeeuw D, Lau J, Levey AS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal disease: A meta-analysis of patient-level data. Ann Intern Med 135: 73-87, 2001 (Pubitemid 32661190)
9. Strippoli GF, Bonifati C, Craig M, Navaneethan SD, Craig JC: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists for preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006257. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006257. 2006
10. USRDS. http://www.usrds.org/2008/pdf/V2-11-2008.pdf. Accessed September 17, 2008.
11. Griffin KA, Bidani AK: Progression of renal disease: Renoprotective specificity of renin-angiotensin system blockade. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 1054-1065, 2006
12. Schieppati A, Remuzzi G: The June 2003 Barry M. Brenner Comgan lecture. The future of renoprotection: Frustration and promises. Kidney Int 64: 1947-1955, 2003
13. Aldigier JC, Kanjanbuch T, Ma LJ, Brown NJ, Fogo AB: Regression of existing glomerulosclerosis by inhibition of aldosterone. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 3306-3314, 2005 (Pubitemid 46187550)
14. Greene EL, Kren S, Hostetter TH: Role of aldosterone in the remnant kidney model in the rat. J Clin Invest 98: 1063-1068, 1996 (Pubitemid 26293326)
15. Rocha R, Chander PN, Khanna K, Zuckerman A, Stier CT Jr: Mineralocorticoid blockade reduces vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. Hypertension 31: 451-458, 1998 (Pubitemid 28124757)
16. Silvestre JS, Robert V, Heymes C, Aupetit-Faisant B, Mouas C, Moalic JM, Swynghedauw B, Delcayre C: Myocardial production of aldosterone and corticosterone in the rat. Physiological regulation. J Biol Chem 273: 4883-4891, 1998 (Pubitemid 28108638)
17. Staessen J, Lijnen P, Fagard R, Verschueren LJ, Amery A: Rise in plasma concentration of aldosterone during long-term angiotensin II suppression. J Endocrinol 91: 457-465, 1981 (Pubitemid 12203819)
18. Hostetter TH, Ibrahim HN: Aldosterone in chronic kidney and cardiac disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 2395-2401, 2003 (Pubitemid 37052388)
19. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, Palensky J, Wittes J: The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 341: 709-717, 1999
20. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, Neaton J, Martinez F, Roniker B, Bittman R, Hurley S, Kleiman J, Gatlin M; Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators: Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 348: 1309-1321, 2003 (Pubitemid 36384098)
21. Thompson DF, Carter JR: Drug-induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy 13: 37-45, 1993
22. Sica DA: The risks and benefits of therapy with aldosterone receptor antagonist therapy. Curr Drug Saf 2: 71-77, 2006
23. Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Campese VM: Long-term effects of spironolactone on proteinuria and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 70: 2116-2123, 2006 (Pubitemid 44871374)
24. Chrysostomou A, Pedagogos E, MacGregor L, Becker GJ: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of the aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone in patients who have persistent proteinuria and are on long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, with or without an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 256-262, 2006
25. Epstein M, Williams GH, Weinberger M, Lewin A, Krause S, Mukherjee R, Patni R, Beckerman B: Selective aldosterone blockade with eplerenone reduces albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 940-951, 2006
26. Rossing K, Schjoedt KJ, Smidt UM, Boomsma F, Parving HH: Beneficial effects of adding spironolactone to recommended antihypertensive treatment in diabetic nephropathy: A randomized, double-masked, cross-over study. Diabetes Care 28: 2106-2112, 2005 (Pubitemid 41242452)
27. Schjoedt KJ, Rossing K, Juhl TR, Boomsma F, Rossing P, Parving HH: Beneficial impact of spironolactone in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 68: 2829-2836, 2005 (Pubitemid 43251030)
28. United States Cochrane Center. Master list of journals being searched. http://apps1.jhsph.edu/cochrane/masterlist.asp. Accessed May 2007.
29. Lefebvre C, McDonald S: Development of a sensitive search strategy for reports of randomized controlled trials in EMBASE. Fourth International Cochrane Colloquium; 1996 Oct 20-24; Adelaide (Australia). 1996
30. DerSimonian R, Laird N: Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 7: 177-188, 1986
31. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG: Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327: 557-560, 2003
32. van den Meiracker AH, Baggen RG, Pauli S: Spironolactone in type 2 diabetic nephropathy: Effects on proteinuria, blood pressure, and renal function. J Hypertens 24: 2285-2292, 2006
33. Rachmani R, Slavachevsky I, Amit M: The effect of spironolactone, cilazapril, and their combination on albuminuria in patients with hypertension and diabetic nephropathy is independent of blood pressure reduction: A randomized controlled study. Diabet Med 21: 471-475, 2004 (Pubitemid 38608536)
34. Schjoedt KJ, Rossing K, Juhl TR: Beneficial impact of spironolactone on nephrotic range albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 70: 536-542, 2006 (Pubitemid 44141580)
35. Furumatsu Y, Nagasawa Y, Tomida K, Mikami S, Kaneko T, Okada N, Tsubakihara Y, Imai E, Shoji T: Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system triple blockade on non-diabetic renal disease: Addition of an aldosterone blocker, spironolactone, to combination treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker. Hypertens Res 31: 59-67, 2008 (Pubitemid 351325616)
36. Tylicki L, Rutkowski P, Renke M, Larczyński W, Aleksandrowicz E, Lysiak-Szydlowska W, Rutkowski B: Triple pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in nondiabetic CKD: An open-label crossover randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 52: 486-493, 2008
37. Epstein M, Buckalew V, Martinez F: Antiproteinuric efficacy of eplerenone, enalapril, and eplerenone/enalapril combination therapy in diabetic hypertensives with microalbuminuria [Abstract]. Am J Hypertens 15: 24A, 2002
38. de Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, Keane WF, Zhang Z, Shahinfar S, Snapinn S, Cooper ME, Mitch WE, Brenner BM: Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: Lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int 65: 2309-2320, 2004 (Pubitemid 38670018)
39. Strippoli GF, Craig M, Schena FP, Craig JC: Antihypertensive agents for primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 3081-3091, 2005 (Pubitemid 44743506)
40. Tylicki L, Rutkowski P, Renke M, Rutkowski B: Addition of aldosterone receptor blocker to dual renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade leads to limitation of tubulointerstitial injury of kidney. Kidney Int 72: 1164-1165, 2007 (Pubitemid 47609048)
41. Nakhoul F, Khankin E, Yaccob A, Kawachi H, Karram T, Awaad H, Nakhoul N, Hoffman A, Abassi Z: Eplerenone potentiates the antiproteinuric effects of enalapril in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 294: F628-37, 2008
42. Bomback AS, Kshirsagar AV, Amamoo MA, Klemmer PJ: Change in proteinuria after adding aldosterone blockers to ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in CKD: A systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis 51: 199-211, 2008
43. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, Kopp A, Austin PC, Laupacis A, Redelmeier DA: Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 351: 543-551, 2004 (Pubitemid 39025171)
44. Phillips CO, Kashani A, Ko DK, Francis G, Krumholz HM: Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: A quantitative review of data from randomized clinical trials. Arch Intern Med 167: 1930-1936, 2007
45. ONTARGET Investigators, Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Anderson C: Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 358: 1547-1559, 2008
46. Navaneethan SD, Nigwekar SU, Strippoli GFM: Aldosterone antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. (Protocol) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007004. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007004, 2008