Tailored functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI, drug delivery, magnetic separation and immobilization of biosubstances

Biotechnology Advances

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1162-1176

  Hola, Katerina ^a   Markova, Zdenka ^a   Zoppellaro, Giorgio ^a   Tucek, Jiri ^a   Zboril, Radek ^a  

^a PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Antibacterial; Biomedical applications; Hyperthermia; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic separation; Nanoengineering; SERS; Surface design; Water treatment

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODIES; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY; DIAGNOSIS; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; HYPERTHERMIA THERAPY; IRON OXIDES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MAGNETIC SEPARATION; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MEDICAL IMAGING; METAL NANOPARTICLES; NANOMAGNETICS; SURFACE CHEMISTRY; WATER TREATMENT;

ANTIBACTERIAL; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; HYPERTHERMIA; NANO-ENGINEERING; SERS; SURFACE DESIGN;

TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY;

FERRIC ION; FERRIC OXIDE; NANOPARTICLE;

BIOTECHNOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; MAGNETISM; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

BIOTECHNOLOGY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; FERRIC COMPOUNDS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MAGNETICS; NANOPARTICLES;

EID: 85027927542     PISSN: 07349750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.003     Document Type: Review

References (160)

1. Aksoy, S., Tumturk, H., Hasirci, N., Stability of alpha-amylase immobilized on poly(methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) microspheres. J Biotechnol 60 (1998), 37–46.
2. Ambashta, R.D., Sillanpää, M., Water purification using magnetic assistance: a review. J Hazard Mater 180 (2010), 38–49.
3. Ansari, S.A., Husain, Q., Potential applications of enzymes immobilized on/in nano materials: a review. Biotechnol Adv 30 (2012), 512–523.
4. Arndt, D., Zielasek, V., Dreher, W., Bäumer, M., Ethylene diamine-assisted synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in high-boiling polyolys. J Colloid Interface Sci 417 (2014), 188–198.
5. Arunachalam, B., Phan, U.T., Geuze, H.J., Cresswell, P., Enzymatic reduction of disulfide bonds in lysosomes: characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 (2000), 745–750.
6. Babic, M., Horák, D., Trchová, M., Jendelová, P., Glogarová, K., Lesný, P., et al. Poly(L-lysine)-modified iron oxide nanoparticles for stem cell labeling. Bioconjug Chem 19 (2008), 740–750.
7. Baig, R.B.N., Varma, R.S., Magnetic carbon-supported palladium nanoparticles: an efficient and sustainable catalyst for hydrogenation reactions. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 2 (2014), 2155–2158.
8. Bakandritsos, A., Mattheolabakis, G., Zboril, R., Bouropoulos, N., Tucek, J., Fatouros, D.G., et al. Preparation, stability and cytocompatibility of magnetic/PLA-PEG hybrids. Nanoscale 2 (2010), 564–572.
9. Bakandritsos, A., Papagiannopoulos, A., Anagnostou, E.N., Avgoustakis, K., Zboril, R., Pispas, S., et al. Merging high doxorubicin loading with pronounced magnetic response and bio-repellent properties in hybrid drug nanocarriers. Small 8 (2012), 2381–2393.
10. Banerjee, S.S., Chen, D.-H., Multifunctional pH-sensitive magnetic nanoparticles for simultaneous imaging, sensing and targeted intracellular anticancer drug delivery. Nanotechnology, 19, 2008, 505104.
11. Banerjee, T., Mitra, S., Kumar Singh, A., Kumar Sharma, R., Maitra, A., Preparation, characterization and biodistribution of ultrafine chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 243 (2002), 93–105.
12. 3/Au core/shell nanoparticles for bioseparation and immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Langmuir 25 (2009), 10782–10787.
13. Bar-Shir, A., Avram, L., Yariv-Shoushan, S., Anaby, D., Cohen, S., Segev-Amzaleg, N., et al. Alginate-coated magnetic nanoparticles for noninvasive MRI of extracellular calcium. NMR Biomed 27 (2014), 774–783.
14. Biju, V., Chemical modifications and bioconjugate reactions of nanomaterials for sensing, imaging, drug delivery and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 43 (2014), 744–764.
15. Blakemore, R., Magnetotactic bacteria. Science 190 (1975), 377–379.
16. Boeden, H.F., Pommerening, K., Becker, M., Rupprich, C., Holtzhauer, M., Loth, F., et al. Bead cellulose derivatives as supports for immobilization and chromatographic purification of proteins. J Chromatogr 552 (1991), 389–414.
17. Borlido, L., Azevedo, A.M., Roque, A.C.A., Aires-Barros, M.R., Potential of boronic acid functionalized magnetic particles in the adsorption of human antibodies under mammalian cell culture conditions. J Chromatogr A 1218 (2011), 7821–7827.
18. Borlido, L., Azevedo, A.M., Roque, A.C.A., Aires-Barros, M.R., Magnetic separations in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 31 (2013), 1374–1385.
19. Chapman, S., Dobrovolskaia, M., Farahani, K., Goodwin, A., Joshi, A., Lee, H., et al. Nanoparticles for cancer imaging: the good, the bad, and the promise. Nano Today 8 (2013), 454–460.
20. Chertok, B., Moffat, B.A., David, A.E., Yu, F., Bergemann, C., Ross, B.D., et al. Iron oxide nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle for MRI monitored magnetic targeting of brain tumors. Biomaterials 29 (2008), 487–496.
21. Chin, S.F., Iyer, K.S., Raston, C.L., Facile and green approach to fabricate gold and silver coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Cryst Growth Des 9 (2009), 2685–2689.
22. Choi, H.S., Liu, W., Misra, P., Tanaka, E., Zimmer, J.P., Itty Ipe, B., et al. Renal clearance of quantum dots. Nat Biotechnol 25 (2007), 1165–1170.
23. Choi, J.-Y., Kim, K., Shin, K.S., Surface-enhanced Raman scattering inducible by recyclable Ag-coated magnetic particles. Vib Spectrosc 53 (2010), 117–120.
24. 4–Ag nanocolloids. J Magn Magn Mater 323 (2011), 1233–1237.
25. Chung, H.J., Lee, H., Bae, K.H., Lee, Y., Park, J., Cho, S.-W., et al. Facile synthetic route for surface-functionalized magnetic magnetic resonance imaging studies. ACS Nano 5 (2011), 4329–4336.
26. Cole, A.J., David, A.E., Wang, J., Galbán, C.J., Yang, V.C., Magnetic brain tumor targeting and biodistribution of long-circulating PEG-modified, cross-linked starch-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials 32 (2011), 6291–6301.
27. Cornell, R.M., Schwertmann, U., The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses. 2003, Wiley-VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany.
28. Costa, N.J.S., Guerrero, M., Collie, V., Teixeira-Neto, E., Landers, R., Philippot, K., et al. Organometallic preparation of Ni, Pd, and NiPd nanoparticles for the design of supported nanocatalysts. ACS Catal 4 (2014), 1735–1742.
29. Deatsch, A.E., Evans, B.A., Heating efficiency in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia. J Magn Magn Mater 354 (2014), 163–172.
30. Deka, S.R., Quarta, A., Di Corato, R., Riedinger, A., Cingolani, R., Pellegrino, T., Magnetic nanobeads decorated by thermo-responsive PNIPAM shell as medical platforms for the efficient delivery of doxorubicin to tumour cells. Nanoscale 3 (2011), 619–629.
31. Dobrovolskaia, M. a, McNeil, S.E., Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. Nat Nanotechnol 2 (2007), 469–478.
32. Duan, H., Kuang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Y.A., Mao, H., Nie, S., Reexamining the effects of particle size and surface chemistry on the magnetic properties of iron oxide nanocrystals: new insights into spin disorder and proton relaxivity. J Phys Chem C 112 (2008), 8127–8131.
33. Elsabahy, M., Wooley, K.L., Design of polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical delivery applications. Chem Soc Rev 41 (2012), 2545–2561.
34. Fang, C., Bhattarai, N., Sun, C., Zhang, M., Functionalized nanoparticles with long-term stability in biological media. Small 5 (2009), 1637–1641.
35. Fang, C., Veiseh, O., Kievit, F., Bhattarai, N., Wang, F., Stephen, Z., et al. Functionalization of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with targeting ligands: their physicochemical properties and in vivo behavior. Nanomedicine 5 (2010), 1357–1369.
36. Fang, W., Chen, X., Zheng, N., Superparamagnetic core-shell polymer particles for efficient purification of his-tagged proteins. J Mater Chem 20 (2010), 8624–8630.
37. Franzreb, M., Siemann-Herzberg, M., Hobley, T.J., Thomas, O.R.T., Protein purification using magnetic adsorbent particles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 70 (2006), 505–516.
38. Gautier, J., Allard-Vannier, E., Hervé-Aubert, K., Soucé, M., Chourpa, I., Design strategies of hybrid metallic nanoparticles for theragnostic applications. Nanotechnology, 24, 2013, 432002.
39. 4) as a support for recyclable catalysts in the development of sustainable methodologies. Chem Soc Rev 42 (2013), 3371–3393.
40. Gawande, M.B., Rathi, A.K., Tucek, J., Safarova, K., Bundaleski, N., Teodoro, O.M.N.D., et al. Magnetic gold nanocatalyst (nanocat-Fe–Au): catalytic applications for the oxidative esterification and hydrogen transfer reactions. Green Chem 16 (2014), 4137–4143.
41. Gnant, M.F., Turner, E.M., Alexander, H.R., Effects of hyperthermia and tumour necrosis factor on inflammatory cytokine secretion and procoagulant activity in endothelial cells. Cytokine 12 (2000), 339–347.
42. Grüttner, C., Müller, K., Teller, J., Westphal, F., Foreman, A., Ivkov, R., Synthesis and antibody conjugation of magnetic nanoparticles with improved specific power absorption rates for alternating magnetic field cancer therapy. J Magn Magn Mater 311 (2007), 181–186.
43. Gu, H., Yang, Z., Gao, J., Chang, C.K., Xu, B., Heterodimers of nanoparticles: formation at a liquid–liquid interface and particle-specific surface modification by functional molecules. J Am Chem Soc 127 (2005), 34–35.
44. Guan, X., Su, Z., Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent starch using fluorescein as fluorophore: potential polymeric temperature/pH indicators. Polym Adv Technol 19 (2008), 385–392.
45. Guardia, P., Di Corato, R., Lartigue, L., Wilhelm, C., Espinosa, A., Garcia-Hernandez, M., et al. Water-soluble iron oxide nanocubes with high values of specific absorption rate for cancer cell hyperthermia treatment. ACS Nano 6 (2012), 3080–3091.
46. Gupta, A.K., Gupta, M., Cytotoxicity suppression and cellular uptake enhancement of surface modified magnetic nanoparticles. Biomaterials 26 (2005), 1565–1573.
47. Gupta, A.K., Gupta, M., Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 26 (2005), 3995–4021.
48. Han, X.X., Schmidt, A.M., Marten, G., Fischer, A., Weidinger, I.M., Hildebrandt, P., Magnetic silver hybrid nanoparticles for surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic detection and decontamination of small toxic molecules. ACS Nano 7 (2013), 3212–3220.
49. Hanessian, S., Grzyb, J.A., Cengelli, F., Juillerat-Jeanneret, L., Synthesis of chemically functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles as delivery vectors for chemotherapeutic drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 16 (2008), 2921–2931.
50. Heebøll-Nielsen, A., Dalkiaer, M., Hubbuch, J.J., Thomas, O.R.T., Superparamagnetic adsorbents for high-gradient magnetic fishing of lectins out of legume extracts. Biotechnol Bioeng 87 (2004), 311–323.
51. Hildebrand, H., Mackenzie, K., Kopinke, F.-D., Highly active Pd-on-magnetite nanocatalysts for aqueous phase hydrodechlorination reactions. Environ Sci Technol 43 (2009), 3254–3259.
52. Hong, X., Guo, W., Yuan, H., Li, J., Liu, Y., Ma, L., et al. Periodate oxidation of nanoscaled magnetic dextran composites. J Magn Magn Mater 269 (2004), 95–100.
53. 4 magnetic nanoparticles. Biochem Eng J 42 (2008), 290–300.
54. Hu, J., Chen, G., Lo, I.M.C., Removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from wastewater by maghemite nanoparticles. Water Res 39 (2005), 4528–4536.
55. Hu, F., Macrenaris, K.W., Waters, E.A., Schultz-Sikma, E.A., Eckermann, A.L., Meade, T.J., Highly dispersible, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoflowers for magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Commun 46 (2010), 73–75.
56. Hua, M., Zhang, S., Pan, B., Zhang, W., Lv, L., Zhang, Q., Heavy metal removal from water/wastewater by nanosized metal oxides: a review. J Hazard Mater 211–212 (2012), 317–331.
57. Iglesias-Silva, E., Rivas, J., León Isidro, L.M., López-Quintela, M.A., Synthesis of silver-coated magnetite nanoparticles. J Non Cryst Solids 353 (2007), 829–831.
58. Jain, T.K., Reddy, M.K., Morales, M.A., Leslie-Pelecky, D.L., Labhasetwar, V., Biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in rats. Mol Pharm 5 (2008), 316–327.
59. Jain, T.K., Foy, S.P., Erokwu, B., Dimitrijevic, S., Flask, C.A., Labhasetwar, V., Magnetic resonance imaging of multifunctional pluronic stabilized iron-oxide nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice. Biomaterials 30 (2009), 6748–6756.
60. Jaiswal, M.K., Gogoi, M., Dev Sarma, H., Banerjee, R., Bahadur, D., Biocompatibility, biodistribution and efficacy of magnetic nanohydrogels in inhibiting growth of tumors in experimental mice models. Biomater Sci 2 (2014), 370–380.
61. Johansson, L., Gunnarsson, K., Bijelovic, S., Eriksson, K., Surpi, A., Göthelid, E., et al. A magnetic microchip for controlled transport of attomole levels of proteins. Lab Chip 10 (2010), 654–661.
62. Jordan, J., Kumar, C.S.S.R., Theegala, C., Preparation and characterization of cellulase-bound magnetite nanoparticles. J Mol Catal B: Enzym 68 (2011), 139–146.
63. Khoshnevisan, K., Bordbar, A.-K., Zare, D., Davoodi, D., Noruzi, M., Barkhi, M., et al. Immobilization of cellulase enzyme on superparamagnetic nanoparticles and determination of its activity and stability. Chem Eng J 171 (2011), 669–673.
64. Kilianova, M., Prucek, R., Filip, J., Kolarik, J., Kvitek, L., Pnacek, A., et al. Remarkable efficiency of ultrafine superparamagnetic iron(III) oxide nanoparticles toward arsenate removal from aqueous environment. Chemosphere 93 (2013), 2690–2697.
65. Kim, J., Lee, J.E., Lee, S.H., Yu, J.H., Lee, J.H., Park, T.G., et al. Designed fabrication of a multifunctional polymer nanomedical platform for simultaneous cancer-targeted imaging and magnetically guided drug delivery. Adv Mater 20 (2008), 478–483.
66. Kluchova, K., Zboril, R., Tucek, J., Pecova, M., Zajoncova, L., Safarik, I., et al. Superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles from solid-state synthesis — their functionalization towards peroral MRI contrast agent and magnetic carrier for trypsin immobilization. Biomaterials 30 (2009), 2855–2863.
67. Kopecek, J., Kopeckova, P., Drug delivery in oncology, from basic research to cancer therapy, 17. Design of Polymer–Drug Conjugates, 2011, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 483–512.
68. Krizova, J., Spanova, A., Rittich, B., Horak, D., Magnetic hydrophilic methacrylate-based polymer microspheres for genomic DNA isolation. J Chromatogr A 1064 (2005), 247–253.
69. Kumar, C.S.S.R., Mohammad, F., Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63 (2011), 789–808.
70. 2 relaxivity. J Magn Reson Imaging 26 (2007), 1634–1641.
71. Lartigue, L., Hugounenq, P., Alloyeau, D., Clarke, S.P., Lévy, M., Bacri, J.-C., et al. Cooperative organization in iron oxide multi-core nanoparticles potentiates their efficiency as heating mediators and MRI contrast agents. ACS Nano 6 (2012), 10935–10949.
72. Lartigue, L., Alloyeau, D., Kolosnjaj-Tabi, J., Javed, Y., Guardia, P., Riedinger, A., et al. Biodegradation of iron oxide nanocubes: high-resolution in situ monitoring. ACS Nano 7 (2013), 3939–3952.
73. Laurent, S., Forge, D., Port, M., Roch, A., Robic, C., Vander Elst, L., et al. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chem Rev 108 (2008), 2064–2110.
74. Lee, Y., Rho, J., Jung, B., Preparation of magnetic ion-exchange resins by the suspension polymerization of styrene with magnetite. J Appl Polym Sci 89 (2003), 2058–2067.
75. Lee, H.S., Hee Kim, E., Shao, H., Kook, Kwak B., Synthesis of SPIO-chitosan microspheres for MRI-detectable embolotherapy. J Magn Magn Mater 293 (2005), 102–105.
76. Lee, M.J.-E., Veiseh, O., Bhattarai, N., Sun, C., Hansen, S.J., Ditzler, S., et al. Rapid pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies using cholorotoxin-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles: a novel non-radioactive method. PLoS One, 5, 2010, e9536.
77. Lee, N., Kim, H., Hong, S., Park, M., Kim, D., Kim, H., Magnetosome-like ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanocubes for highly sensitive MRI of single cells and transplanted pancreatic islets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 (2011), 2662–2667.
78. Lewinski, N., Colvin, V., Drezek, R., Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. Small 4 (2008), 26–49.
79. Li, D., Teoh, W.Y., Gooding, J.J., Selomulya, C., Amal, R., functionalization strategies for protease immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles. Adv Funct Mater 20 (2010), 1767–1777.
80. 1 − xO concave nanocubes and highly branched cubic mesocrystals. CrystEngComm, 16, 2014, 600.
81. Lim, E.-K., Huh, Y.-M., Yang, J., Lee, K., Suh, J.-S., Haam, S., pH-triggered drug-releasing magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy guided by molecular imaging by MRI. Adv Mater 23 (2011), 2436–2442.
82. Lin, S., Yun, D., Qi, D., Deng, C., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Novel microwave-assisted digestion by trypsin-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles for proteomic analysis technical notes. J Proteome Res 7 (2008), 1297–1307.
83. Liu, Z., Chen, K., Davis, C., Sherlock, S., Cao, Q., Chen, X., et al. Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment. Cancer Res 68 (2008), 6652–6660.
84. Liu, X., Hu, Q., Fang, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, B., Magnetic chitosan nanocomposites: a useful recyclable tool for heavy metal ion removal. Langmuir 2 (2009), 3–8.
85. Liu, Z., Zhao, B., Shi, Y., Guo, C., Yang, H., Li, Z., Novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on iron oxide-silver hybrid submicrospheres. Talanta 81 (2010), 1650–1654.
86. Liu, J., Yu, M., Zhou, C., Zheng, J., Renal clearable inorganic nanoparticles: a new frontier of bionanotechnology. Mater Today 16 (2013), 477–486.
87. Longmire, M., Choyke, P.L., Kobayashi, H., Clearance properties of nano-sized particles and molecules as imaging agents: consideration and caveats, 3, 2012, 703–717.
88. 4 dimer colloidal nanoparticles: synthesis and enhancement of magnetic properties. J Phys Chem C 114 (2010), 10148–10152.
89. 4/cellulose microspheres with magnetic-induced protein delivery. J Mater Chem 19 (2009), 3538–3545.
90. Machala, L., Zboril, R., Gedanken, A., Amourphous iron(III) oxide — a review. J Phys Chem B 111 (2007), 4003–4018.
91. Machala, L., Tucek, J., Zboril, R., Polymorphous transformations of nanometric iron(III) oxide: a review. Chem Mater 23 (2011), 3255–3272.
92. Magro, M., Campos, R., Baratella, D., Lima, G., Holà, K., Divoky, C., et al. A magnetically drivable nanovehicle for curcumin with antioxidant capacity and MRI relaxation properties. Chem Eur J 20 (2014), 11913–11920.
93. Mahmoudi, M., Simchi, A., Imani, M., Milani, A.S., Stroeve, P., Optimal design and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with polyvinyl alcohol for targeted delivery and imaging. J Phys Chem B 112 (2008), 14470–14481.
94. Maity, D., Zoppellaro, G., Sedenkova, V., Tucek, J., Safarova, K., Polakova, K., et al. Surface design of core-shell superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles drives record relaxivity values in functional MRI contrast agents. Chem Commun 48 (2012), 11398–11400.
95. Mandal, M., Kundu, S., Ghosh, S.K., Panigrahi, S., Sau, T.K., Yusuf, S.M., et al. Magnetite nanoparticles with tunable gold or silver shell. J Colloid Interface Sci 286 (2005), 187–194.
96. Markova, Z., Bourlinos, A.B., Safarova, K., Polakova, K., Tucek, J., Medrik, I., et al. Synthesis and properties of core–shell fluorescent hybrids with distinct morphologies based on carbon dots. J Mater Chem 22 (2012), 16219–16223.
97. Markova, Z., Siskova, K., Filip, J., Safarova, K., Prucek, R., Panacek, A., et al. Chitosan-based synthesis of magnetically-driven nanocomposites with biogenic magnetite core, controlled silver size, and high antimicrobial activity. Green Chem 14 (2012), 2550–2558.
98. Massart, R., Preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids in alkaline and acidic media. IEEE Trans Magn 17 (1981), 1247–1248.
99. Maurizi, L., Bisht, H., Bouyer, F., Millot, N., Easy route to functionalize iron oxide nanoparticles via long-term stable thiol groups. Langmuir 25 (2009), 8857–8859.
100. McCarthy, J.R., Weissleder, R., Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for targeted imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60 (2008), 1241–1251.
101. Müller-Schulte, D., Brunner, H., Novel magnetic microspheres on the basis of poly(vinyl alcohol) as affinity medium for quantitative detection of glycated haemoglobin. J Chromatogr A 711 (1995), 53–60.
102. Nandivada, H., Jiang, X., Lahann, J., Click chemistry: versatility and control in the hands of materials scientists. Adv Mater 19 (2007), 2197–2208.
103. Nangmenyi, G., Li, X., Mehrabi, S., Mintz, E., Economy, J., Silver-modified iron oxide nanoparticle impregnated fiberglass for disinfection of bacteria and viruses in water. Mater Lett 65 (2011), 1191–1193.
104. Narayanan, S., Sathy, B.N., Mony, U., Koyakutty, M., Nair, S.V., Menon, D., Biocompatible magnetite/gold nanohybrid contrast agents via green chemistry for MRI and CT bioimaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4 (2012), 251–260.
105. Nie, S., Understanding and overcoming major barriers in cancer nanomedicine. Nanomedicine 5 (2010), 523–528.
106. Odio, O.F., Mart, R., Reguera, E., Sorption of gold by naked and thiol-capped magnetite nanoparticles: an XPS approach. J Phys Chem C 118 (2014), 2776–2791.
107. Pankhurst, Q.A., Connolly, J., Jones, S.K., Dobson, J., Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 36 (2003), R167–R181.
108. Park, J., Lee, E., Hwang, N.-M., Kang, M., Kim, S.C., Hwang, Y., et al. One-nanometer-scale size-controlled synthesis of monodisperse magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Angew Chem 117 (2005), 2932–2937.
109. Pecova, M., Sebela, M., Markova, Z., Polakova, K., Cuda, J., Safarova, K., et al. Thermostable trypsin conjugates immobilized to biogenic magnetite show a high operational stability and remarkable reusability for protein digestion. Nanotechnology, 24, 2013, 125102.
110. Pereira, M., Lai, E.P., Capillary electrophoresis for the characterization of quantum dots after non-selective or selective bioconjugation with antibodies for immunoassay. J Nanobiotechnol, 6, 2008, 10.
111. Perkas, N., Amirian, G., Rottman, C., de la Vega, F., Gedanken, A., Sonochemical deposition of magnetite on silver nanocrystals. Ultrason Sonochem 16 (2009), 132–135.
112. Peška, J., Štamberg, J., Hradil, J., Chemical transfomation of polymers, XIX. Ion exchange derivatives of bead cellulose. Angew Macromol Chem 53 (1976), 73–80.
113. Polito, L., Monti, D., Caneva, E., Delnevo, E., Russo, G., Prosperi, D., One-step bioengineering of magnetic nanoparticles via a surface diazo transfer/azide-alkyne click reaction sequence. Chem Commun 5 (2008), 621–623.
114. Ponta, A., Bae, Y., Tumor-preferential sustained drug release enhances antitumor activity of block copolymer micelles. J Drug Target 22 (2014), 619–628.
115. Pothayee, N., Balasubramaniam, S., Pothayee, N., Jain, N., Hu, N., Lin, Y., et al. Magnetic nanoclusters with hydrophilic spacing for dual drug delivery and sensitive magnetic resonance imaging. J Mater Chem B, 1, 2013, 1142.
116. Prucek, R., Kvítek, L., Filip, J., Kolar, M., Zboril, R., The targeted antibacterial and antifungal properties of magnetic nanocomposite of iron oxide and silver nanoparticles. Biomaterials 32 (2011), 4704–4713.
117. Qiao, R., Yang, C., Gao, M., Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: from preparations to in vivo MRI applications. J Mater Chem, 19, 2009, 6274.
118. 4/Ag nanocomposite. Anal Chem 86 (2014), 2939–2946.
119. Roser, M., Fischer, D., Kissel, T., Surface-modified biodegradable albumin nano- and microspheres. II: effect of surface charges on in vitro phagocytosis and biodistribution in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 46 (1998), 255–263.
120. Sa, S., Gawande, M.B., Velhinho, A., Veiga, J.P., Bundaleski, N., Trigueiro, J., et al. Magnetically recyclable magnetite–palladium (Nanocat-Fe–Pd) nanocatalyst for the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction. Green Chem, 16, 2014, 3494.
121. Safarik, I., Safarikova, M., Magnetic techniques for the isolation and purification of proteins and peptides. BioMagn Res Technol, 2, 2004, 7.
122. Safarik, I., Sabatkova, Z., Tokar, O., Safarikova, M., Magnetic cation exchange isolation of lysozyme from native hen egg white. Food Technol Biotechnol 45 (2007), 355–359.
123. Salgueirino-Maceira, V., Correa-Duarte, M.A., Farle, M., Lopez-Quintela, A., Sieradzki, K., Diaz, R., Bifunctional gold-coated magnetic silica spheres. Chem Mater 18 (2006), 2701–2706.
124. Schweiger, C., Pietzonka, C., Heverhagen, J., Kissel, T., Novel magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene imine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) for potential biomedical application: synthesis, stability, cytotoxicity and MR imaging. Int J Pharm 408 (2011), 130–137.
125. Sivakumar, B., Aswathy, R.G., Nagaoka, Y., Suzuki, M., Fukuda, T., Yoshida, Y., et al. Multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose-based magnetic nanovector as a theragnostic system for folate receptor targeted chemotherapy, imaging, and hyperthermia against cancer. Langmuir 29 (2013), 3453–3466.
126. Sun, E.Y., Josephson, L., Weissleder, R., “Clickable” nanoparticles for targeted imaging. Mol Imaging 5 (2006), 122–128.
127. Sun, C., Lee, J.S.H., Zhang, M., Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60 (2008), 1252–1265.
128. Tai, L.-A., Tsai, P.-J., Wang, Y.-C., Wang, Y.-J., Lo, L.-W., Yang, C.-S., Thermosensitive liposomes entrapping iron oxide nanoparticles for controllable drug release. Nanotechnology, 20, 2009, 135101.
129. Talbert, J.N., Goddard, J.M., Characterization of lactase-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. Process Biochem 48 (2013), 656–662.
130. 4–Au nanoparticle for biomolecule immobilization and detection. J Nanoparticle Res 12 (2010), 1187–1196.
131. Tanaka, T., Shiramoto, S., Miyashita, M., Fujishima, Y., Kaneo, Y., Tumor targeting based on the effect of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) and the mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). Int J Pharm 277 (2004), 39–61.
132. Thorek, D.L.J., Elias, D.R., Tsourkas, A., Comparative analysis of nanoparticle-antibody conjugations: carbodiimide versus click chemistry. Mol Imaging 8 (2009), 221–229.
133. Tucek, J., Zboril, R., Petridis, D., Maghemite nanoparticles by view of Mossbauer spectroscopy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 6 (2006), 926–947.
134. 3: an advanced nanomaterial exhibiting giant coercive field, millimeter-wave ferromagnetic resonance, and magnetoelectric coupling. Chem Mater 22 (2010), 6483–6505.
135. Tucek, J., Kemp, K.C., Kim, K.S., Zboril, R., Iron-oxide-supported nanocarbon in lithium-ion batteries, medical, catalytic, and environmental applications. ACS Nano 8 (2014), 7571–7612.
136. 4 magnetic nanoparticles with tetraphosphonate cavitand for biomedical application. Nanoscale 5 (2013), 11438–11446.
137. Veiseh, O., Sun, C., Fang, C., Bhattarai, N., Gunn, J., Kievit, F., et al. Specific targeting of brain tumors with an optical/magnetic resonance imaging nanoprobe across the blood–brain barrier. Cancer Res 69 (2009), 6200–6207.
138. Veiseh, O., Gunn, J.W., Zhang, M., Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62 (2010), 284–304.
139. Wang, Y.X., Hussain, S.M., Krestin, G.P., Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. Eur Radiol 11 (2001), 2319–2331.
140. 4 nanoparticles as contrast agents for T1 and T2 magnetic resonance imaging. Nanoscale 6 (2014), 2953–2963.
141. Weissleder, R., Stark, D.D., Wittenberg, J., Ferrucci, T., Ferrite-enhanced MR imaging of hepatic lymphoma: an experimental study in rats. Am J Roentgenol 149 (1987), 1161–1165.
142. Weissleder, R., Hahn, P.F., Stark, D.D., Elizondo, G., Saini, S., Todd, L.E., et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide: enhanced detection of focal splenic tumors with MR imaging. Radiology 169 (1988), 399–403.
143. Weissleder, R., Stark, D.D., Engelstad, B.L., Bacon, B.A., Compton, C.C., White, D.L., et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide: pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Am J Roentgenol 152 (1989), 167–173.
144. Wiogo, H.T.R., Lim, M., Bulmus, V., Gutiérrez, L., Woodward, R.C., Amal, R., Insight into serum protein interactions with functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in biological media. Langmuir 28 (2012), 4346–4356.
145. Wu, S., Kaiser, J., Guo, X., Li, L., Lu, Y., Ballauff, M., Recoverable platinum nanocatalysts immobilized on magnetic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes. Ind Eng Chem Res 51 (2012), 5608–5614.
146. 4 nanorods as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem 22 (2012), 20566–20573.
147. Xie, J., Liu, G., Eden, H.S., Ai, H., Chen, X., Surface-engineered magnetic nanoparticle platforms for cancer imaging and therapy. Acc Chem Res 44 (2011), 883–892.
148. Xu, Y., Wang, E., Electrochemical biosensors based on magnetic micro/nano particles. Electrochim Acta 84 (2012), 62–73.
149. Xu, P., Zeng, G.M., Huang, D.L., Feng, C.L., Hu, S., Zhao, M.H., et al. Use of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: a review. Sci Total Environ 424 (2012), 1–10.
150. Yang, C., Guan, Y., Xing, J., Shan, G., Liu, H., Preparation and characterization of monodisperse superparamagnetic poly (vinylalcohol) beads by reverse spray suspension crosslinking. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 46 (2008), 203–210.
151. Yang, L., Peng, X.-H., Wang, Y.A., Wang, X., Cao, Z., Ni, C., et al. Receptor-targeted nanoparticles for in vivo imaging of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15 (2009), 4722–4732.
152. Zboril, R., Maslan, M., Petridis, D., Iron(III) oxides from thermal processes — synthesis, structural and magnetic properties, mossbauer spectroscopy characterization, and applications. Chem Mater 14 (2002), 969–982.
153. 3. Cryst Growth Des 4 (2004), 1317–1325.
154. Zeng, H., Sun, S., Syntheses, properties, and potential applications of multicomponent magnetic nanoparticles. Adv Funct Mater 18 (2008), 391–400.
155. Zhang, Z., Sullivan, D.A.O., Lyddiatt, A., Magnetically stabilised fluidised bed adsorption: practical benefit of uncoupling bed expansion from fluid velocities in the purification of a recombinant protein from Escherichia coli. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 74 (1999), 270–274.
156. 4 magnetic nanoparticle immobilized palladium catalyst for the direct C-2 arylation of indoles with arylboronic acids. Catal Sci Technol 4 (2014), 1979–1988.
157. Zhang, S., He, X., Chen, L., Zhang, Y., Boronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles via thiol–ene click chemistry for selective enrichment of glycoproteins. New J Chem R Soc Chem 38 (2014), 4212–4218.
158. 2–Pt/Au/Pd magnetic nanocatalysts with multifunctional hyperbranched polyglycerol amplifiers. Langmuir 26 (2010), 11217–11225.
159. Zhou, J., Zhang, J., David, A.E., Yang, V.C., Magnetic tumor targeting of β-glucosidase immobilized iron oxide nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 24, 2013, 375102.
160. Zoppellaro, G., Kolokithas-Ntoukas, A., Polakova, K., Tucek, J., Zboril, R., Loudos, G., et al. Theranostics of epitaxially condensed colloidal nanocrystal clusters, through a soft biomineralization route. Chem Mater 26 (2014), 2062–2074.