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A detailed examination of structural data indicates that the presence of an X substituent (necessarily bulkier than H) at the 4- and 5-positions of the imidazolyl ring tends to exert a slight steric pressure on the adjacent aryl groups of the NHC, thereby leading to a global increase of its steric bulk, substantiated by an enlargement of the buried volume. Such a steric effect may be observed irrespective of whether the X substituent is an electron-donating or an electron-withdrawing group.
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