메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2017, Pages

A critical assessment of the "sterile womb" and "in utero colonization" hypotheses: Implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome

Author keywords

Axenic animals; Contamination; In utero colonization; Microbiome; Placenta; Sterile womb

Indexed keywords

AMNION FLUID; BACTERIAL VIABILITY; CESAREAN SECTION; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; GERMFREE ANIMAL; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; INFANT; INTESTINE FLORA; MECONIUM; MICROBIAL COLONIZATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION; NONHUMAN; PLACENTA; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UTERUS; VAGINAL DELIVERY; ANIMAL; FEMALE; FETUS; MICROBIOLOGY; MICROFLORA; NEWBORN;

EID: 85022198188     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20492618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0268-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (757)

References (151)
  • 4
    • 84883186674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mom knows best: the universality of maternal microbial transmission
    • Funkhouser LJ, Bordenstein SR. Mom knows best: the universality of maternal microbial transmission. PLoS Biol. 2013;11:e1001631.
    • (2013) PLoS Biol. , vol.11
    • Funkhouser, L.J.1    Bordenstein, S.R.2
  • 5
    • 76949088727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A complex journey: transmission of microbial symbionts
    • Bright M, Bulgheresi S. A complex journey: transmission of microbial symbionts. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010;8:218-30.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Microbiol. , vol.8 , pp. 218-230
    • Bright, M.1    Bulgheresi, S.2
  • 6
    • 34447613731 scopus 로고
    • Beitrag zur Lehre von der puerperalen Infection der Neugeborenen
    • Kustner O. Beitrag zur Lehre von der puerperalen Infection der Neugeborenen. Arch Gynakol. 1877;11:256-63.
    • (1877) Arch Gynakol. , vol.11 , pp. 256-263
    • Kustner, O.1
  • 7
    • 0024634864 scopus 로고
    • The intestinal bacteria of the neonate and breast-fed infant
    • Escherich T. The intestinal bacteria of the neonate and breast-fed infant. Rev Infect Dis. 1885;11:352-6.
    • (1885) Rev Infect Dis. , vol.11 , pp. 352-356
    • Escherich, T.1
  • 10
    • 84961620579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid
    • Collado MC, Rautava S, Aakko J, Isolauri E, Salminen S. Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23129.
    • (2016) Sci Rep. , vol.6 , pp. 23129
    • Collado, M.C.1    Rautava, S.2    Aakko, J.3    Isolauri, E.4    Salminen, S.5
  • 12
    • 84969414705 scopus 로고
    • Bacteria in the supposedly sterile meconium
    • Burrage S. Bacteria in the supposedly sterile meconium. J Bacteriol. 1927;13:47.
    • (1927) J Bacteriol. , vol.13 , pp. 47
    • Burrage, S.1
  • 13
    • 84865981874 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial flora of first specimens of meconium passed by fifty newborn infants
    • Hau IC, O'Toole E, Hall IP. Bacterial flora of first specimens of meconium passed by fifty newborn infants. Am J Dis Child. 1934;47:1279-85.
    • (1934) Am J Dis Child. , vol.47 , pp. 1279-1285
    • Hau, I.C.1    O'Toole, E.2    Hall, I.P.3
  • 15
    • 0343805067 scopus 로고
    • The bacterial content of the uterus at cesaren section
    • Harris JW, Brown JH. The bacterial content of the uterus at cesaren section. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1927;13:133-43.
    • (1927) Am J Obstet Gynecol. , vol.13 , pp. 133-143
    • Harris, J.W.1    Brown, J.H.2
  • 16
    • 73849159080 scopus 로고
    • Amniotic fluid infection and the intact fetal membrane
    • Stroup PE. Amniotic fluid infection and the intact fetal membrane. Obstet Gynecol. 1962;19:736-9.
    • (1962) Obstet Gynecol. , vol.19 , pp. 736-739
    • Stroup, P.E.1
  • 18
    • 0014736750 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of pathogenic bacteria in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy and labor
    • Prevedourakis C, Papadimitriou G, Ioannidou A. Isolation of pathogenic bacteria in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy and labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1970;106:400-2.
    • (1970) Am J Obstet Gynecol. , vol.106 , pp. 400-402
    • Prevedourakis, C.1    Papadimitriou, G.2    Ioannidou, A.3
  • 20
    • 0017232981 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of amniotic fluid for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
    • Lewis JF, Johnson P, Miller P. Evaluation of amniotic fluid for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976;65:58-63.
    • (1976) Am J Clin Pathol. , vol.65 , pp. 58-63
    • Lewis, J.F.1    Johnson, P.2    Miller, P.3
  • 23
    • 0032469581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of intrauterine infection in women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM)
    • Greig PC. The diagnosis of intrauterine infection in women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM). Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 41:849-63.
    • (1998) Clin Obstet Gynecol. , vol.41 , pp. 849-863
    • Greig, P.C.1
  • 24
    • 0022653429 scopus 로고
    • Preterm labor associated with subclinical amniotic fluid infection and with bacterial vaginosis
    • Gravett MG, Hummel D, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK. Preterm labor associated with subclinical amniotic fluid infection and with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;67:229-37.
    • (1986) Obstet Gynecol. , vol.67 , pp. 229-237
    • Gravett, M.G.1    Hummel, D.2    Eschenbach, D.A.3    Holmes, K.K.4
  • 25
    • 0025058805 scopus 로고
    • The role of bacterial vaginosis as a cause of amniotic fluid infection, chorioamnionitis and prematurity-a review
    • Martius J, Eschenbach DA. The role of bacterial vaginosis as a cause of amniotic fluid infection, chorioamnionitis and prematurity-a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1990;247:1-13.
    • (1990) Arch Gynecol Obstet. , vol.247 , pp. 1-13
    • Martius, J.1    Eschenbach, D.A.2
  • 30
    • 84874275978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative microbial analysis of paired amniotic fluid and cord blood from pregnancies complicated by preterm birth and early-onset neonatal sepsis
    • Wang X, Buhimschi CS, Temoin S, Bhandari V, Han YW, Buhimschi IA. Comparative microbial analysis of paired amniotic fluid and cord blood from pregnancies complicated by preterm birth and early-onset neonatal sepsis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e56131.
    • (2013) PLoS One. , vol.8
    • Wang, X.1    Buhimschi, C.S.2    Temoin, S.3    Bhandari, V.4    Han, Y.W.5    Buhimschi, I.A.6
  • 31
    • 83555179068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of microbes in amniotic fluid
    • DiGiulio DB. Diversity of microbes in amniotic fluid. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;17:2-11.
    • (2012) Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. , vol.17 , pp. 2-11
    • DiGiulio, D.B.1
  • 32
    • 0031453173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of the human placenta: implications for initiating and defending against virus infections
    • Burton G, Watson A. The structure of the human placenta: implications for initiating and defending against virus infections. Rev Med Virol. 1997;7:219-28.
    • (1997) Rev Med Virol. , vol.7 , pp. 219-228
    • Burton, G.1    Watson, A.2
  • 36
    • 0026143223 scopus 로고
    • Results of histological examinations of afterbirth and other parameters of threatening infection in newborns at high risk of infection
    • Maszkiewicz W, Rzeszutko-Adamiczka D, Kalinski R. Results of histological examinations of afterbirth and other parameters of threatening infection in newborns at high risk of infection. Mater Med Pol. 1991;23:111-6.
    • (1991) Mater Med Pol. , vol.23 , pp. 111-116
    • Maszkiewicz, W.1    Rzeszutko-Adamiczka, D.2    Kalinski, R.3
  • 39
    • 84916942144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is a foetus developing in a sterile environment?
    • Wassenaar TM, Panigrahi P. Is a foetus developing in a sterile environment? Lett Appl Microbiol. 2014;59:572-9.
    • (2014) Lett Appl Microbiol. , vol.59 , pp. 572-579
    • Wassenaar, T.M.1    Panigrahi, P.2
  • 42
    • 77955376537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a fresh look
    • Larsen B, Hwang J. Mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a fresh look. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2010;2010:1-7.
    • (2010) Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. , vol.2010 , pp. 1-7
    • Larsen, B.1    Hwang, J.2
  • 43
    • 84876879635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and adverse pregnancy outcomes
    • Capoccia R, Greub G, Baud D. Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013;26:231-40.
    • (2013) Curr Opin Infect Dis. , vol.26 , pp. 231-240
    • Capoccia, R.1    Greub, G.2    Baud, D.3
  • 44
    • 33748609380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preterm birth due to maternal infection: causative pathogens and modes of prevention
    • Pararas MV, Skevaki CL, Kafetzis DA. Preterm birth due to maternal infection: causative pathogens and modes of prevention. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;25:562-9.
    • (2006) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 562-569
    • Pararas, M.V.1    Skevaki, C.L.2    Kafetzis, D.A.3
  • 45
    • 0021074982 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from amniotic fluid at 16-20 weeks of gestation: potential effect on outcome of pregnancy
    • Cassell GH, Davis RO, Waites KB, Brown MB, Marriott PA, Stagno S, Davis JK. Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from amniotic fluid at 16-20 weeks of gestation: potential effect on outcome of pregnancy. Sex Transm Dis. 1983;10(4 Suppl):294-302.
    • (1983) Sex Transm Dis. , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 294-302
    • Cassell, G.H.1    Davis, R.O.2    Waites, K.B.3    Brown, M.B.4    Marriott, P.A.5    Stagno, S.6    Davis, J.K.7
  • 46
    • 0029014022 scopus 로고
    • Infection of the amniotic cavity with Ureaplasma urealyticum in the midtrimester of pregnancy
    • Horowitz S, Mazor M, Romero R, Horowitz J, Glezerman M. Infection of the amniotic cavity with Ureaplasma urealyticum in the midtrimester of pregnancy. J Reprod Med. 1995;40:375-9.
    • (1995) J Reprod Med. , vol.40 , pp. 375-379
    • Horowitz, S.1    Mazor, M.2    Romero, R.3    Horowitz, J.4    Glezerman, M.5
  • 47
    • 0033138478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ureaplasma/Mycoplasmainfected amniotic fluid: pregnancy outcome in treated and nontreated patients
    • Berg TG, Philpot KL, Welsh MS, Sanger WG, Smith CV. Ureaplasma/Mycoplasmainfected amniotic fluid: pregnancy outcome in treated and nontreated patients. J Perinatol. 1999;19:275-7.
    • (1999) J Perinatol. , vol.19 , pp. 275-277
    • Berg, T.G.1    Philpot, K.L.2    Welsh, M.S.3    Sanger, W.G.4    Smith, C.V.5
  • 48
    • 3543034026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasma hominis in mid-trimester amniotic fluid: relation to pregnancy outcome
    • Nguyen DP, Gerber S, Hohlfeld P, Sandrine G, Witkin SS. Mycoplasma hominis in mid-trimester amniotic fluid: relation to pregnancy outcome. J Perinat Med. 2004;32:323.
    • (2004) J Perinat Med. , vol.32 , pp. 323
    • Nguyen, D.P.1    Gerber, S.2    Hohlfeld, P.3    Sandrine, G.4    Witkin, S.S.5
  • 49
  • 50
    • 84922401094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Term and preterm labour are associated with distinct microbial community structures in placental membranes which are independent of mode of delivery
    • Doyle RM, Alber DG, Jones HE, Harris K, Fitzgerald F, Peebles D, Klein N. Term and preterm labour are associated with distinct microbial community structures in placental membranes which are independent of mode of delivery. Placenta. 2014;35:1099-101.
    • (2014) Placenta. , vol.35 , pp. 1099-1101
    • Doyle, R.M.1    Alber, D.G.2    Jones, H.E.3    Harris, K.4    Fitzgerald, F.5    Peebles, D.6    Klein, N.7
  • 51
    • 84863506164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probioticsmodulate host-microbe interaction in the placenta and fetal gut: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial
    • Rautava S, ColladoMC, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Probioticsmodulate host-microbe interaction in the placenta and fetal gut: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Neonatology. 2012;102:178-84.
    • (2012) Neonatology. , vol.102 , pp. 178-184
    • Rautava, S.1    Collado, M.C.2    Salminen, S.3    Isolauri, E.4
  • 52
    • 77951148967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The placenta: transcriptional, epigenetic, and physiological integration during development
    • Maltepe E, Bakardjiev AI, Fisher SJ. The placenta: transcriptional, epigenetic, and physiological integration during development. J Clin Invest. 2010;120:1016-25.
    • (2010) J Clin Invest. , vol.120 , pp. 1016-1025
    • Maltepe, E.1    Bakardjiev, A.I.2    Fisher, S.J.3
  • 53
    • 77649214077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental syncytiotrophoblast constitutes a major barrier to vertical transmission of Listeria monocytogenes
    • Robbins JR, Skrzypczynska KM, Zeldovich VB, Kapidzic M, Bakardjiev AI. Placental syncytiotrophoblast constitutes a major barrier to vertical transmission of Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6:e1000732.
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog. , vol.6
    • Robbins, J.R.1    Skrzypczynska, K.M.2    Zeldovich, V.B.3    Kapidzic, M.4    Bakardjiev, A.I.5
  • 57
    • 77953951242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity
    • Mor G, Cardenas I. The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2010;63:425-33.
    • (2010) Am J Reprod Immunol. , vol.63 , pp. 425-433
    • Mor, G.1    Cardenas, I.2
  • 58
    • 19744363104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding how Listeria monocytogenes targets and crosses host barriers
    • Lecuit M. Understanding how Listeria monocytogenes targets and crosses host barriers. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11:430-6.
    • (2005) Clin Microbiol Infect. , vol.11 , pp. 430-436
    • Lecuit, M.1
  • 59
    • 84954286333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction of a new shuttle vector for DNA delivery into mammalian cells using non-invasive Lactococcus lactis
    • Yagnik B, Padh H, Desai P. Construction of a new shuttle vector for DNA delivery into mammalian cells using non-invasive Lactococcus lactis. Microbes Infect. 2016;18:237-44.
    • (2016) Microbes Infect. , vol.18 , pp. 237-244
    • Yagnik, B.1    Padh, H.2    Desai, P.3
  • 61
    • 84940438725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional activity but not gene expression of toll-like receptors is decreased in the preterm versus term human placenta
    • Patni S, Bryant AH, Wynen LP, Seager AL, Morgan G, Thornton CA. Functional activity but not gene expression of toll-like receptors is decreased in the preterm versus term human placenta. Placenta. 2015;36:1031-8.
    • (2015) Placenta. , vol.36 , pp. 1031-1038
    • Patni, S.1    Bryant, A.H.2    Wynen, L.P.3    Seager, A.L.4    Morgan, G.5    Thornton, C.A.6
  • 63
    • 84929754743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial peptides in the female reproductive tract: a critical component of the mucosal immune barrier with physiological and clinical implications
    • Yarbrough VL, Winkle S, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Antimicrobial peptides in the female reproductive tract: a critical component of the mucosal immune barrier with physiological and clinical implications. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21:353-77.
    • (2015) Hum Reprod Update. , vol.21 , pp. 353-377
    • Yarbrough, V.L.1    Winkle, S.2    Herbst-Kralovetz, M.M.3
  • 66
    • 84907879234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the innate immune defence of the human foetus and newborn, with the emphasis on antimicrobial peptides
    • Kai-Larsen Y, Gudmundsson GH, Agerberth B. A review of the innate immune defence of the human foetus and newborn, with the emphasis on antimicrobial peptides. Acta Paediatr. 2014;103:1000-8.
    • (2014) Acta Paediatr. , vol.103 , pp. 1000-1008
    • Kai-Larsen, Y.1    Gudmundsson, G.H.2    Agerberth, B.3
  • 67
    • 0034761036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The secretory immune system as part of the placental barrier in the second trimester of pregnancy in humans
    • Ben-Hur H, Gurevich P, Berman V, Tchanyshev R, Gurevich E, Zusman I. The secretory immune system as part of the placental barrier in the second trimester of pregnancy in humans. In Vivo. 2001;15:429-35.
    • (2001) In Vivo. , vol.15 , pp. 429-435
    • Ben-Hur, H.1    Gurevich, P.2    Berman, V.3    Tchanyshev, R.4    Gurevich, E.5    Zusman, I.6
  • 69
    • 0018908497 scopus 로고
    • Immunoelectron microscopy localization of immunoglobulin G in human placenta
    • Lin CT. Immunoelectron microscopy localization of immunoglobulin G in human placenta. J Histochem Cytochem. 1980;28:339-46.
    • (1980) J Histochem Cytochem. , vol.28 , pp. 339-346
    • Lin, C.T.1
  • 70
    • 0017716816 scopus 로고
    • Immunological studies of human placentae: the distribution and character of immunoglobulins in chorionic villi
    • Johnson PM, Natvig JB, Ystehede UA, Faulk WP. Immunological studies of human placentae: the distribution and character of immunoglobulins in chorionic villi. Clin Exp Immunol. 1977;30:145-53.
    • (1977) Clin Exp Immunol. , vol.30 , pp. 145-153
    • Johnson, P.M.1    Natvig, J.B.2    Ystehede, U.A.3    Faulk, W.P.4
  • 72
    • 33751115728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective antigen-presenting cell function in human neonates
    • Velilla PA, Rugeles MT, Chougnet CA. Defective antigen-presenting cell function in human neonates. Clin Immunol. 2006;121:251-9.
    • (2006) Clin Immunol. , vol.121 , pp. 251-259
    • Velilla, P.A.1    Rugeles, M.T.2    Chougnet, C.A.3
  • 73
    • 59949103944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and activity of Toll-like receptors 1-9 in the human term placenta and changes associated with labor at term
    • Patni S, Wynen LP, Seager AL, Morgan G, White JO, Thornton CA. Expression and activity of Toll-like receptors 1-9 in the human term placenta and changes associated with labor at term. Biol Reprod. 2009;80:243-8.
    • (2009) Biol Reprod. , vol.80 , pp. 243-248
    • Patni, S.1    Wynen, L.P.2    Seager, A.L.3    Morgan, G.4    White, J.O.5    Thornton, C.A.6
  • 74
    • 74449088068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of stimulation ability of very-preterm neonatal monocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide
    • Pérez A, Bellón JM, Gurbindo MD, Muñoz-Fernández Má. Impairment of stimulation ability of very-preterm neonatal monocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide. Hum Immunol. 2010;71:151-7.
    • (2010) Hum Immunol. , vol.71 , pp. 151-157
    • Pérez, A.1    Bellón, J.M.2    Gurbindo, M.D.3    Muñoz-Fernández, Má.4
  • 76
    • 84907287922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "The placenta harbors a unique microbiome"
    • Kliman HJ. Comment on "The placenta harbors a unique microbiome". Sci Transl Med. 2014;6:254le4.
    • (2014) Sci Transl Med. , vol.6
    • Kliman, H.J.1
  • 77
    • 84945393877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of functional properties of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human gut
    • Ispirli H, Demirbas F, Dertli E. Characterization of functional properties of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human gut. Can J Microbiol. 2015;61:861-70.
    • (2015) Can J Microbiol. , vol.61 , pp. 861-870
    • Ispirli, H.1    Demirbas, F.2    Dertli, E.3
  • 82
    • 84908461041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of Malassezia species on healthy human skin in Bosnia and Herzegovina: correlation with body part, age and gender
    • Prohic A, Simic D, Sadikovic TJ, Krupalija-Fazlic M. Distribution of Malassezia species on healthy human skin in Bosnia and Herzegovina: correlation with body part, age and gender. Iran J Microbiol. 2014;6:253-62.
    • (2014) Iran J Microbiol. , vol.6 , pp. 253-262
    • Prohic, A.1    Simic, D.2    Sadikovic, T.J.3    Krupalija-Fazlic, M.4
  • 85
    • 71049160836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity and DNA contamination of commercial polymerase chain reaction reagents for the universal 16S rDNA real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of bacterial pathogens in blood
    • Mühl H, Kochem A-J, Disqué C, Sakka SG. Activity and DNA contamination of commercial polymerase chain reaction reagents for the universal 16S rDNA real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of bacterial pathogens in blood. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;66:41-9.
    • (2010) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. , vol.66 , pp. 41-49
    • Mühl, H.1    Kochem, A-J.2    Disqué, C.3    Sakka, S.G.4
  • 86
    • 0037436159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of mixed bacterial DNA contamination in broad-range PCR amplification of 16S rDNA V1 and V3 variable regions by pyrosequencing of cloned amplicons
    • Grahn N, Olofsson M, Ellnebo-Svedlund K, Monstein HJ, Jonasson J. Identification of mixed bacterial DNA contamination in broad-range PCR amplification of 16S rDNA V1 and V3 variable regions by pyrosequencing of cloned amplicons. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003;219:87-91.
    • (2003) FEMS Microbiol Lett. , vol.219 , pp. 87-91
    • Grahn, N.1    Olofsson, M.2    Ellnebo-Svedlund, K.3    Monstein, H.J.4    Jonasson, J.5
  • 87
    • 0031904685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific ribosomal DNA sequences from diverse environmental settings correlate with experimental contaminants
    • Tanner MA, Goebel BM, Dojka MA, Pace NR. Specific ribosomal DNA sequences from diverse environmental settings correlate with experimental contaminants. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64:3110-3.
    • (1998) Appl Environ Microbiol. , vol.64 , pp. 3110-3113
    • Tanner, M.A.1    Goebel, B.M.2    Dojka, M.A.3    Pace, N.R.4
  • 92
    • 85008887102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive quantitative analysis of the meconium bacterial microbiota in healthy term infants born vaginally or by cesarean section
    • Nagpal R, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Nomoto K, Yamashiro Y. Sensitive quantitative analysis of the meconium bacterial microbiota in healthy term infants born vaginally or by cesarean section. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:1997.
    • (2016) Front Microbiol. , vol.7 , pp. 1997
    • Nagpal, R.1    Tsuji, H.2    Takahashi, T.3    Kawashima, K.4    Nagata, S.5    Nomoto, K.6    Yamashiro, Y.7
  • 94
    • 0035687710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA isolation protocols affect the detection limit of PCR approaches of bacteria in samples from the humangastrointestinal tract
    • Zoetendal EG, Ben-Amor K, Akkermans ADL, Abee T, de Vos WM. DNA isolation protocols affect the detection limit of PCR approaches of bacteria in samples from the humangastrointestinal tract. Syst Appl Microbiol. 2001; 24:405-10.
    • (2001) Syst Appl Microbiol. , vol.24 , pp. 405-410
    • Zoetendal, E.G.1    Ben-Amor, K.2    Akkermans, A.D.L.3    Abee, T.4    de Vos, W.M.5
  • 96
    • 0018428829 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial flora of meconium and faeces during the first year of life
    • Sunderarajan K, Kelkar SS. Bacterial flora of meconium and faeces during the first year of life. Indian J Pediatr. 1979;46:92-5.
    • (1979) Indian J Pediatr. , vol.46 , pp. 92-95
    • Sunderarajan, K.1    Kelkar, S.S.2
  • 97
    • 0014574973 scopus 로고
    • Small intestinal mucosal cell proliferation and bacterial flora in the conventionalization of the germfree mouse
    • Khoury KA, Floch MH, Hersh T. Small intestinal mucosal cell proliferation and bacterial flora in the conventionalization of the germfree mouse. J Exp Med. 1969;130:659-70.
    • (1969) J Exp Med. , vol.130 , pp. 659-670
    • Khoury, K.A.1    Floch, M.H.2    Hersh, T.3
  • 98
    • 72049101608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal microbial ecology in premature infants assessed with non-culture-based techniques
    • Mshvildadze M, Neu J, Shuster J, Theriaque D, Li N, Mai V. Intestinal microbial ecology in premature infants assessed with non-culture-based techniques. J Pediatr. 2010;156:20-5.
    • (2010) J Pediatr. , vol.156 , pp. 20-25
    • Mshvildadze, M.1    Neu, J.2    Shuster, J.3    Theriaque, D.4    Li, N.5    Mai, V.6
  • 100
    • 0019428312 scopus 로고
    • The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates
    • Rotimi VO, Duerden BI. The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates. J Med Microbiol. 1981;14:51-62.
    • (1981) J Med Microbiol. , vol.14 , pp. 51-62
    • Rotimi, V.O.1    Duerden, B.I.2
  • 103
    • 84907704625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome
    • Voreades N, Kozil A, Weir TL. Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:494.
    • (2014) Front Microbiol. , vol.5 , pp. 494
    • Voreades, N.1    Kozil, A.2    Weir, T.L.3
  • 108
    • 51049084408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cesarean delivery may affect the early biodiversity of intestinal bacteria
    • Biasucci G, Benenati B, Morelli L, Bessi E, Boehm G. Cesarean delivery may affect the early biodiversity of intestinal bacteria. J Nutr. 2008;138:1796S-800S.
    • (2008) J Nutr. , vol.138 , pp. 1796S-1800S
    • Biasucci, G.1    Benenati, B.2    Morelli, L.3    Bessi, E.4    Boehm, G.5
  • 110
    • 0018243177 scopus 로고
    • A rationale for the development of gnotobiotics
    • Trexler PC. A rationale for the development of gnotobiotics. Lab Anim. 1978;12:257-62.
    • (1978) Lab Anim. , vol.12 , pp. 257-262
    • Trexler, P.C.1
  • 111
    • 0025112007 scopus 로고
    • The origins of the gnotobiotic technic-Küster/Nuttall/Schottelius/ Thierfelder
    • Heinecke H. The origins of the gnotobiotic technic-Küster/Nuttall/Schottelius/ Thierfelder. Zeitschrift für Versuchstierkd. 1990;33:19-22.
    • (1990) Zeitschrift für Versuchstierkd. , vol.33 , pp. 19-22
    • Heinecke, H.1
  • 112
    • 84882519933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germ-free rearing of rats
    • Gustafsson B. Germ-free rearing of rats. Acta Anat (Basel). 1946-1947;2:376-91.
    • Acta Anat (Basel). , vol.1946-1947 , Issue.2 , pp. 376-391
    • Gustafsson, B.1
  • 113
    • 84941765574 scopus 로고
    • The use of germfree animals and techniques in the search for unknown etiological agents
    • Reyniers JA, Sacksteder MR. The use of germfree animals and techniques in the search for unknown etiological agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1958;73:344-56.
    • (1958) Ann N Y Acad Sci. , vol.73 , pp. 344-356
    • Reyniers, J.A.1    Sacksteder, M.R.2
  • 117
    • 0014294678 scopus 로고
    • Foster nursing of germfree mice
    • Pilgrim HI, Parks RC. Foster nursing of germfree mice. Lab Anim Care. 1968;18:346-51.
    • (1968) Lab Anim Care. , vol.18 , pp. 346-351
    • Pilgrim, H.I.1    Parks, R.C.2
  • 120
    • 0018428764 scopus 로고
    • 5Rearing of conventional and gnotobiotic nonhuman primates (Pan troglodytes, Papio cynocephalus, Saguinus nigricollis)
    • Eichberg JW, Moore GT, Kalter SS, Rodriguez AR, Berchelmann ML. 5Rearing of conventional and gnotobiotic nonhuman primates (Pan troglodytes, Papio cynocephalus, Saguinus nigricollis). J Med Primatol. 1979;8:69-78.
    • (1979) J Med Primatol. , vol.8 , pp. 69-78
    • Eichberg, J.W.1    Moore, G.T.2    Kalter, S.S.3    Rodriguez, A.R.4    Berchelmann, M.L.5
  • 121
    • 0019444048 scopus 로고
    • Revised surgical procedure for the derivation of gnotobiotic dogs
    • Krakowka S, Austin NJ, Long DJ, Helphrey M. Revised surgical procedure for the derivation of gnotobiotic dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1981;42:149-50.
    • (1981) Am J Vet Res. , vol.42 , pp. 149-150
    • Krakowka, S.1    Austin, N.J.2    Long, D.J.3    Helphrey, M.4
  • 122
    • 0026233074 scopus 로고
    • Germfree technique for the rearing of kittens-a research tool
    • Fletcher AM, Hoskins JD, Elkins AD. Germfree technique for the rearing of kittens-a research tool. Cornell Vet. 1991;81:365-78.
    • (1991) Cornell Vet. , vol.81 , pp. 365-378
    • Fletcher, A.M.1    Hoskins, J.D.2    Elkins, A.D.3
  • 123
    • 0018012604 scopus 로고
    • Operating procedures, equipment and housing facilities to maintain small laboratory animals under SPF conditions in large breeding colonies and in experiments
    • Heine W. Operating procedures, equipment and housing facilities to maintain small laboratory animals under SPF conditions in large breeding colonies and in experiments. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1978;49:171-4.
    • (1978) J S Afr Vet Assoc. , vol.49 , pp. 171-174
    • Heine, W.1
  • 124
    • 84868580867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rodent models to study the relationships between mammals and their bacterial inhabitants
    • Bibiloni R. Rodent models to study the relationships between mammals and their bacterial inhabitants. Gut Microbes. 2012;3:536-43.
    • (2012) Gut Microbes. , vol.3 , pp. 536-543
    • Bibiloni, R.1
  • 131
    • 84982596649 scopus 로고
    • Germ-free newborn baby
    • Trávnícek J, Mandel L. Germ-free newborn baby. Nahrung. 1987;31:631-3.
    • (1987) Nahrung. , vol.31 , pp. 631-633
    • Trávnícek, J.1    Mandel, L.2
  • 132
    • 85031915315 scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in intestinal bacteriology
    • Kendall AI. Recent developments in intestinal bacteriology. Am J Med Sci. 1918;156:157-73.
    • (1918) Am J Med Sci. , vol.156 , pp. 157-173
    • Kendall, A.I.1
  • 133
    • 84950983497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode of birth influences preterm infant intestinal colonization with bacteroides over the early neonatal period
    • Gregory KE, LaPlante RD, Shan G, Kumar DV, Gregas M. Mode of birth influences preterm infant intestinal colonization with bacteroides over the early neonatal period. Adv Neonatal Care. 2015;15:386-93.
    • (2015) Adv Neonatal Care. , vol.15 , pp. 386-393
    • Gregory, K.E.1    LaPlante, R.D.2    Shan, G.3    Kumar, D.V.4    Gregas, M.5
  • 143
    • 0003655519 scopus 로고
    • The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and empirical investigations
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Merton RK. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and empirical investigations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1973.
    • (1973)
    • Merton, R.K.1
  • 144
    • 85031926399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjectures and refutations: the growth of scientific knowledge
    • London: Routledge Class; 2nd
    • Merton RK, Storer NW, Popper KR. Conjectures and refutations: the growth of scientific knowledge. London: Routledge Class; 2002, 2nd:417.
    • (2002) , pp. 417
    • Merton, R.K.1    Storer, N.W.2    Popper, K.R.3
  • 145
    • 84880471652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term temporal analysis of the human fecal microbiota revealed a stable core of dominant bacterial species
    • Martínez I, Muller CE, Walter J. Long-term temporal analysis of the human fecal microbiota revealed a stable core of dominant bacterial species. PLoS One. 2013;8:e69621.
    • (2013) PLoS One. , vol.8
    • Martínez, I.1    Muller, C.E.2    Walter, J.3
  • 146
    • 84862162269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition of the adult digestive tract bacterial microbiome based on seven mouth surfaces, tonsils, throat and stool samples
    • Segata N, Haake SK, Mannon P, Lemon KP, Waldron L, Gevers D, Huttenhower C, Izard J. Composition of the adult digestive tract bacterial microbiome based on seven mouth surfaces, tonsils, throat and stool samples. Genome Biol. 2012; 13:R42.
    • (2012) Genome Biol. , vol.13 , pp. R42
    • Segata, N.1    Haake, S.K.2    Mannon, P.3    Lemon, K.P.4    Waldron, L.5    Gevers, D.6    Huttenhower, C.7    Izard, J.8
  • 147
    • 84862276328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
    • Human Microbiome Project Consortium. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012;486:207-14.
    • (2012) Nature. , vol.486 , pp. 207-214
  • 149
    • 84872506745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meconium microbiota types dominated by lactic acid or enteric bacteria are differentially associated with maternal eczema and respiratory problems in infants
    • Gosalbes MJ, Llop S, Vallès Y, Moya A, Ballester F, Francino MP. Meconium microbiota types dominated by lactic acid or enteric bacteria are differentially associated with maternal eczema and respiratory problems in infants. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43:198-211.
    • (2013) Clin Exp Allergy. , vol.43 , pp. 198-211
    • Gosalbes, M.J.1    Llop, S.2    Vallès, Y.3    Moya, A.4    Ballester, F.5    Francino, M.P.6
  • 150
    • 84928585458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiome of the placenta in pre-eclampsia supports the role of bacteria in the multifactorial cause of pre-eclampsia
    • Amarasekara R, Jayasekara RW, Senanayake H, Dissanayake VHW. Microbiome of the placenta in pre-eclampsia supports the role of bacteria in the multifactorial cause of pre-eclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2015;41:662-9.
    • (2015) J Obstet Gynaecol Res. , vol.41 , pp. 662-669
    • Amarasekara, R.1    Jayasekara, R.W.2    Senanayake, H.3    Dissanayake, V.H.W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.