Combined effect of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 and HMB supplementation on muscle integrity and cytokine response during intense military training

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 123, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 11-18

  Gepner, Yftach ^a   Hoffman, Jay R ^a   Shemesh, Elad ^b   Stout, Jeffrey R ^a   Church, David D ^a   Varanoske, Alyssa N ^a   Zelicha, Hila ^c   Shelef, Ilan ^d   Chen, Yacov ^b   Frankel, Hagai ^b   Ostfeld, Ishay ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b MEDICAL CORPS   (Israel)

^c BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

^d BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

Diffusion tensor imaging; Inflammation; MRI; Muscle damage; Nutrition

Indexed keywords

BETA-HYDROXYISOVALERIC ACID; CYTOKINE; PROBIOTIC AGENT; VALERIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

BACILLUS COAGULANS; BLOOD; COMBINATION DRUG THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIETARY SUPPLEMENT; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECTS; EXERCISE; HUMAN; MALE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SOLDIER; YOUNG ADULT;

BACILLUS COAGULANS; CYTOKINES; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EXERCISE; HUMANS; MALE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PROBIOTICS; VALERATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85021903365     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01116.2016     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Alway SE, Pereira SL, Edens NK, Hao Y, Bennett BT. β-Hydroxy-β- methylbutyrate (HMB) enhances the proliferation of satellite cells in fast muscles of aged rats during recovery from disuse atrophy. Exp Gerontol 48: 973-984, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.06.005.
2. Bouillon R, Van Cromphaut S, Carmeliet G. Intestinal calcium absorption: molecular vitamin D mediated mechanisms. J Cell Biochem 88: 332-339, 2003. doi:10.1002/jcb.10360.
3. Cermak NM, Noseworthy MD, Bourgeois JM, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ. Diffusion tensor MRI to assess skeletal muscle disruption following eccentric exercise. Muscle Nerve 46: 42-50, 2012. doi:10.1002/mus.23276.
4. Damon BM, Ding Z, Anderson AW, Freyer AS, Gore JC. Validation of diffusion tensor MRI-based muscle fiber tracking. Magn Reson Med 48: 97-104, 2002. doi:10.1002/mrm.10198.
5. Deux JF, Malzy P, Paragios N, Bassez G, Luciani A, Zerbib P, Roudot-Thoraval F, Vignaud A, Kobeiter H, Rahmouni A. Assessment of calf muscle contraction by diffusion tensor imaging. Eur Radiol 18: 2303-2310, 2008. doi:10.1007/s00330-008-1012-z.
6. Eley HL, Russell ST, Baxter JH, Mukerji P, Tisdale MJ. Signaling pathways initiated by β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate to attenuate the depression of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle in response to cachectic stimuli. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E923-E931, 2007. doi:10. 1152/ajpendo.00314.2007.
7. Eley HL, Russell ST, Tisdale MJ. Attenuation of depression of muscle protein synthesis induced by lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor, and angiotensin II by β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295: E1409-E1416, 2008. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90530.2008.
8. Eley HL, Russell ST, Tisdale MJ. Mechanism of attenuation of muscle protein degradation induced by tumor necrosis factor-α and angiotensin II by β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295: E1417-E1426, 2008. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90567.2008.
9. Fischer CP. Interleukin-6 in acute exercise and training: what is the biological relevance? Exerc Immunol Rev 12: 6-33, 2006.
10. Froeling M, Oudeman J, Strijkers GJ, Maas M, Drost MR, Nicolay K, Nederveen AJ. Muscle changes detected with diffusion-tensor imaging after long-distance running. Radiology 274: 548-562, 2015. doi:10.1148/radiol.14140702.
11. Fuller JC Jr, Sharp RL, Angus HF, Baier SM, Rathmacher JA. Free acid gel form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves HMB clearance from plasma in human subjects compared with the calcium HMB salt. Br J Nutr 105: 367-372, 2011. doi:10.1017/S0007114510003582.
12. Fuller JC, Sharp RL, Angus HF, Khoo PY, Rathmacher JA. Comparison of availability and plasma clearance rates of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate delivery in the free acid and calcium salt forms. Br J Nutr 114: 1403-1409, 2015. doi:10.1017/S0007114515003050.
13. Gareau MG, Sherman PM, Walker WA. Probiotics and the gut microbiota in intestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 7: 503-514, 2010. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.117.
14. Girón MD, Vílchez JD, Shreeram S, Salto R, Manzano M, Cabrera E, Campos N, Edens NK, Rueda R, López-Pedrosa JM. β-Hydroxy-β- methylbutyrate (HMB) normalizes dexamethasone-induced autophagylysosomal pathway in skeletal muscle. PLoS One 10: e0117520, 2015. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117520.
15. Gonzalez AM, Fragala MS, Jajtner AR, Townsend JR, Wells AJ, Beyer KS, Boone CH, Pruna GJ, Mangine GT, Bohner JD, Fukuda DH, Stout JR, Hoffman JR. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid and cold water immersion on expression of CR3 and MIP-1β following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 306: R483-R489, 2014. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00542.2013.
16. Gonzalez AM, Stout JR, Jajtner AR, Townsend JR, Wells AJ, Beyer KS, Boone CH, Pruna GJ, Mangine GT, Scanlon TM, Bohner JD, Oliveira LP, Fragala MS, Hoffman JR. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid and cold water immersion on post-exercise markers of muscle damage. Amino Acids 46: 1501-1511, 2014. doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1722-2.
17. Henning PC, Scofield DE, Spiering BA, Staab JS, Matheny RW Jr, Smith MA, Bhasin S, Nindl BC. Recovery of endocrine and inflammatory mediators following an extended energy deficit. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99: 956-964, 2014. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3046.
18. Hoffman JR, Gepner Y, Stout JR, Hoffman MW, Ben-Dov D, Funk S, Daimont I, Jajtner AR, Townsend JR, Church DD, Shelef I, Rosen P, Avital G, Chen Y, Frankel H, Ostfeld I. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate attenuates cytokine response during sustained military training. Nutr Res 36: 553-563, 2016. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.006.
19. Hoffman JR, Kang J, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD. Biochemical and hormonal responses during an intercollegiate football season. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37: 1237-1241, 2005. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000170068. 97498.26.
20. Honda H, Gibson GR, Farmer S, Keller D, McCartney AL. Use of a continuous culture fermentation system to investigate the effect of GanedenBC30 (Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086) supplementation on pathogen survival in the human gut microbiota. Anaerobe 17: 36-42, 2011. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.12.006.
21. Huck SW, McLean RA. Using a repeated measures ANOVA to analyze the data from a pretest-posttest design: a potentially confusing task. Psychol Bull 82: 511-518, 1975. doi:10.1037/h0076767.
22. Kanda K, Sugama K, Hayashida H, Sakuma J, Kawakami Y, Miura S, Yoshioka H, Mori Y, Suzuki K. Eccentric exercise-induced delayedonset muscle soreness and changes in markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Exerc Immunol Rev 19: 72-85, 2013.
23. Kimura K, Cheng XW, Inoue A, Hu L, Koike T, Kuzuya M. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate facilitates PI3K/Akt-dependent mammalian target of rapamycin and FoxO1/3a phosphorylations and alleviates tumor necrosis factorα/interferon γ-induced MuRF-1 expression in C2C12 cells. Nutr Res 34: 368-374, 2014. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2014.02.003.
24. Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Comstock BA, Fragala MS, Davitt PM, Cortis C, Wilson JM, Lee EC, Newton RU, Dunn-Lewis C, Häkkinen K, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, White MT, Volek JS, Maresh CM. Influence of HMB supplementation and resistance training on cytokine responses to resistance exercise. J Am Coll Nutr 33: 247-255, 2014. doi:10.1080/07315724.2014.911669.
25. Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Vingren JL, Anderson JM, Spiering BA, Thomas GA, Ho JY, Quann EE, Izquierdo M, Häkkinen K, Maresh CM. Effects of amino acids supplement on physiological adaptations to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41: 1111-1121, 2009. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318194cc75.
26. Lazarus JJ, Kay MA, McCarter AL, Wooten RM. Viable Borrelia burgdorferi enhances interleukin-10 production and suppresses activation of murine macrophages. Infect Immun 76: 1153-1162, 2008. doi:10.1128/IAI.01404-07.
27. Lieberman HR, Bathalon GP, Falco CM, Kramer FM, Morgan CA III, Niro P. Severe decrements in cognition function and mood induced by sleep loss, heat, dehydration, and undernutrition during simulated combat. Biol Psychiatry 57: 422-429, 2005. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.014.
28. Lundeland B, Gundersen Y, Opstad PK, Thrane I, Zhang Y, Olaussen RW, Vaagenes P. One week of multifactorial high-stress military ranger training affects Gram-negative signalling. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 72: 547-554, 2012. doi:10.3109/00365513.2012.705017.
29. McClung JP, Martini S, Murphy NE, Montain SJ, Margolis LM, Thrane I, Spitz MG, Blatny JM, Young AJ, Gundersen Y, Pasiakos SM. Effects of a 7-day military training exercise on inflammatory biomarkers, serum hepcidin, and iron status. Nutr J 12: 141, 2013. doi:10. 1186/1475-2891-12-141.
30. Nindl BC, Leone CD, Tharion WJ, Johnson RF, Castellani JW, Patton JF, Montain SJ. Physical performance responses during 72 h of military operational stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34: 1814-1822, 2002. doi:10.1097/00005768-200211000-00019.
31. Nindl BC, Scofield DE, Strohbach CA, Centi AJ, Evans RK, Yanovich R, Moran DS. IGF-I, IGFBPs, and inflammatory cytokine responses during gender-integrated Israeli Army basic combat training. J Strength Cond Res 26, Suppl 2: S73-S81, 2012. doi:10.1519/JSC. 0b013e31825d81ba.
32. Nissen S, Van Koevering M, Webb D. Analysis of beta-hydroxy-betamethyl butyrate in plasma by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 188: 17-19, 1990. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(90)90522-B.
33. Nyangale EP, Farmer S, Cash HA, Keller D, Chernoff D, Gibson GR. Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 modulates Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in older men and women. J Nutr 145: 1446-1452, 2015. doi:10.3945/jn. 114.199802.
34. Pasiakos SM, Margolis LM, Murphy NE, McClung HL, Martini S, Gundersen Y, Castellani JW, Karl JP, Teien HK, Madslien EH, Stenberg PH, Young AJ, Montain SJ, McClung JP. Effects of exercise mode, energy, and macronutrient interventions on inflammation during military training. Physiol Rep 4: e12820, 2016. doi:10.14814/phy2.12820.
35. Paulsen G, Mikkelsen UR, Raastad T, Peake JM. Leucocytes, cytokines and satellite cells: what role do they play in muscle damage and regeneration following eccentric exercise? Exerc Immunol Rev 18: 42-97, 2012.
36. Peake JM, Della Gatta P, Suzuki K, Nieman DC. Cytokine expression and secretion by skeletal muscle cells: regulatory mechanisms and exercise effects. Exerc Immunol Rev 21: 8-25, 2015.
37. Peterson JM, Feeback KD, Baas JH, Pizza FX. Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 101: 1394-1399, 2006. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01453.2005.
38. Pimentel GD, Rosa JC, Lira FS, Zanchi NE, Ropelle ER, Oyama LM, Oller do Nascimento CM, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Santos RV. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMβ) supplementation stimulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats via the mTOR pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 8: 11, 2011. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-8-11.
39. Portal S, Zadik Z, Rabinowitz J, Pilz-Burstein R, Adler-Portal D, Meckel Y, Cooper DM, Eliakim A, Nemet D. The effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, fitness, hormonal and inflammatory mediators in elite adolescent volleyball players: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Appl Physiol 111: 2261-2269, 2011. doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1855-x.
40. Reikerås O. Immune depression in musculoskeletal trauma. Inflamm Res 59: 409-414, 2010. doi:10.1007/s00011-010-0167-7.
41. Sanders ME. Probiotics: definition, sources, selection, and uses. Clin Infect Dis 46, Suppl 2: S58-S61, 2008. doi:10.1086/523341.
42. Suzuki K, Nakaji S, Yamada M, Totsuka M, Sato K, Sugawara K. Systemic inflammatory response to exhaustive exercise. Cytokine kinetics. Exerc Immunol Rev 8: 6-48, 2002.
43. Tidball JG, Villalta SA. Regulatory interactions between muscle and the immune system during muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R1173-R1187, 2010. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00735. 2009.
44. Townsend JR, Fragala MS, Jajtner AR, Gonzalez AM, Wells AJ, Mangine GT, Robinson EH IV, McCormack WP, Beyer KS, Pruna GJ, Boone CH, Scanlon TM, Bohner JD, Stout JR, Hoffman JR. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid attenuates circulating TNF-α and TNFR1 expression postresistance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 115: 1173-1182, 2013. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00738.2013.
45. van Someren KA, Edwards AJ, Howatson G. Supplementation with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) reduces signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage in man. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 15: 413-424, 2005. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.15.4.413.
46. van Zuiden M, Kavelaars A, Amarouchi K, Maas M, Vermetten E, Geuze E, Heijnen CJ. IL-1β reactivity and the development of severe fatigue after military deployment: a longitudinal study. J Neuroinflammation 9: 205, 2012. doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-205.
47. Vickers AJ. The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcome in a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: a simulation study. BMC Med Res Methodol 1: 6, 2001. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-1-6.
48. Wang Y, Gu Q. Effect of probiotic on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Arbor Acres broilers. Res Vet Sci 89: 163-167, 2010. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.03.009.
49. Welc SS, Clanton TL. The regulation of interleukin-6 implicates skeletal muscle as an integrative stress sensor and endocrine organ. Exp Physiol 98: 359-371, 2013. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068189.
50. Wilkinson DJ, Hossain T, Hill DS, Phillips BE, Crossland H, Williams J, Loughna P, Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Phillips SM, Etheridge T, Rathmacher JA, Smith K, Szewczyk NJ, Atherton PJ. Effects of leucine and its metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. J Physiol 591: 2911-2923, 2013. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.253203.
51. Wojdasiewicz P, Poniatowski LA, Kotela A, Deszczyński J, Kotela I, Szukiewicz D. The chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1: occurrence and potential role in osteoarthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 62: 395-403, 2014. doi:10.1007/s00005-014-0275-0.