Effect of thyme essential oil supplementation on thymol content in blood plasma, liver, kidney and muscle in broiler chickens

Natural Product Communications

Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2016, Pages 1545-1550

  Ocel'Ová, Vladimíra ^a   Chizzola, Remigius ^b   Pisarčíková, Jana ^a   Novak, Johannes ^b   Ivanišinová, Oksana ^a   Faix, Štefan ^a   Plachá, Iveta ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY   (Slovakia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (Austria)

Author keywords

Chicken; Edible tissues; Feed additive; Metabolism; Thymol; Thymus vulgaris

Indexed keywords

FOOD ADDITIVE; THYME OIL; THYMOL;

ABSORPTION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BIOACCUMULATION; BLOOD LEVEL; BREAST TISSUE; BROILER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FOOD COMPOSITION; KIDNEY LEVEL; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; METABOLISM; MUSCLE LEVEL; NONHUMAN; SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; TISSUE LEVEL;

EID: 85019160783     PISSN: 1934578X     EISSN: 15559475     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101031     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A. (2008) Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science, 86, E140-E148.
2. Yitbarek MB. (2015) Phytogenics as feed additives in poultry production: A review. International Journal of Extensive Research, 3, 49-60.
3. Zeng Z, Zhang S, Wang H, Piao X. (2015) Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: A review. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 6, 7. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
4. Kohlert C, Schindler G, Reinhard WM, Abel G, Brinkhaus B, Derendorf H, Gräfe EU, Veit M. (2002) Systemic availability and pharmacokinetics of thymol in humans. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 42, 731-737.
5. EFSA (European food safety authority) (2006) Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food. Flavouring group evaluation 22: Ring substituted phenolic substances from chemical groups 21 and 25. The EFSA Journal, 393, 1-78.
6. EFSA (European food safety authority) (2008) Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food. Flavouring group evaluation 88, (FGE.88) [1]-Consideration of phenol and phenol derivatives. The EFSA Journal, 857, 1-18.
7. EFSA (European food safety authority) (2008) Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food. Flavouring group evaluation 58 (FGE.58) Consideration of phenol derivatives evaluated by JECFA (55th meeting) structurally related to ring substituted phenolic substances evaluated by EFSA in FGE.22 (2006) (Comission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000). The EFSA Journal, 711, 1-50.
8. EFSA (European food safety authority) (2012) Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed. Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of phenol derivatives containing ring-alkyl, ring-alkoxy and side chains with an oxygenated functional group (chemical group 25) when used as flavourings for all species. The EFSA Journal, 10, 2573. [19 pp.] doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2573. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal
9. Harman D. (1956) The aging process. The Journals of Gerontology, 11, 298-300.
10. Aggett J. (2009) The process for the assessment of scientific support for claims on food. European Journal of Nutrition, 48 (Suppl. 1), S23-S26.
11. Finley JW, Kong AN, Hintze KJ, Jeffery EH, Ji LL, Lei XG. (2011) Antioxidants in foods: state of the science important to the food industry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 6837-6846.
12. Rubió L, Macià A, Castell-Auví A, Pinent M, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Romero MP, Motilva MJ. (2014) Effect of the co-occurring olive oil and thyme on the phenolic bioaccesibility and bioavailability assessed by in vitro digestion and cell models. Food Chemistry, 149, 277-284.
13. Rubió L, Serra A, Macià A, Piñol C, Romero MP, Motilva MJ. (2014) In vivo distribution and deconjugation of hydroxytyrosol phase II metabolites in red blood cells: A potential new target for hydroxytyrosol. Journal of Functional Food, 10, 139-143.
14. Terao J, Murota K, Kawai Y. (2011) Conjugated quercetin glucuronides as bioactive metabolites and precursors of aglycone in vivo. Food & Function, 2, 11-17.
15. Rubió L, Serra A, Macia A, Borras X, Romero MP, Motilva MJ. (2012) Validation of determination of plasma derived from thyme bioactive compounds by improved liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 905, 75-84.
16. Van Den Hoven R, Zappe H, Zitterl-Eglseer K, Jugl M, Franz C. (2003) Study of the effect of Bronchipret on the lung function of five Austrian saddle horses suffering recurrent airway obstruction (heaves). Veterinary Record, 152, 555-557.
17. Haselmeyer A, Zentek J, Chizzola R. (2015) Effects of thyme as a feed additive in broiler chickens on thymol in gut contents, blood, plasma, liver and muscle. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 3, 504-508.
18. Zitterl-Eglseer K, Wetscherek W, Stoni A, Kroismayr A, Windisch W. (2008) Bioavailability of essential oils of a phytobiotic feed additive and impact of performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets. Die Bodenkultur, 59, 121-129.
19. Timbrell JA. (2009) Principles of Biochemical Toxicology. 4th edition. Informa Healthcare USA, Inc., New York, 35-74.
20. Teng Z, Yuan CH, Zhang F, Huam M, Cao W, Li K, Yang J, Cao D, Zhou S, Mei Q. (2012) Intestinal absorption and first-pass metabolism of polyphenol compounds in rat and their transport dynamics in Caco-2 cells. PLoS One 7: e29647. DOI: 10.1371/journal.p one.0029647.
21. Rubió L, Macià A, Motilva MJ. (2014) Impact of various factors on pharmacokinetics of bioactive polyphenols: an overview. Current Drug Metabolism, 15, 62-76.
22. Koren E, Kohen R, Ginsburg I. (2010) Polyphenols enhance total oxidant-scavenging capacities of human blood by binding to red blood cells Experimental Biology and Medicine, 235, 689-699.
23. Kawai Y, Nishikawa T, Shiba Y, Saito S, Murota K, Shibata N, Kobayashi M, Kanayama M, Uchida K, Terao J. (2008) Macrophage as a target of quercetin glucuronides in human atherosclerotic arteries: implication in the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of dietary flavonoids. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283, 9424-9434.
24. Shimoi K, Saka N, Nozawa R, Sato M, Amano I, Nakayama T, Kinae N. (2001) Deglucuronidation of a flavonoid, luteolin monoglucuronide, during inflammation. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 29, 1521-1524.
25. Shipkova M, Strassburg CP, Braun F, Streit F, Gröne HJ, Armstrong VW, Tukey RH, Oellerich M, Wieland E. (2001) Glucuronide and glucoside conjugation of mycophenolic acid by human liver, kidney and intestinal microsomes. British Journal of Pharmacology, 132, 1027-1034.
26. Echols MS. (2006) Evaluating and treating the kidneys. In Clinical Avian Medicine, Volume II. Harrison GJ, Lightfoot TL. (Eds). Spix Publishing, Inc, Palm Beach, 451-491.
27. Marettová E. (2007) Anatomy of domestic birds. University of veterinary medicine, Košice, ISBN 978-80-8077-074-7, 89-96 (In Slovak).
28. Lohr JW, Willsky GR, Acara MA. (1998) Renal drug metabolism. Pharmacological Reviews, 50, 107-142.
29. McGurk KA, Brierley CH, Burchell B. (1998) Drug glucuronidation by human renal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Biochemical Pharmacology, 55, 1005-1012.
30. Sasaki K, Wada K, Tanaka Y, Yoshimura T, Matuoka K, Anno T. (2005) Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves and its constituents increase the activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in mouse liver. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8, 184-189.
31. Bardal SK, Waechter JE, Martin DS. (2011) Pharmacokinetics. In Applied Pharmacology, Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, 17-34.
32. Placha I, Chrastinova L, Laukova A, Cobanova K, Takacova J, Strompfova V, Chrenkova M., Formelova Z, Faix S. (2013) Effect of thyme oil on small intestine integrity and antioxidant status, phagocytic activity and gastrointestinal microbiota in rabbits. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 61, 197-208.
33. Lee KW, Everts H, Beyen, AC. (2004) Essential oils in broiler nutrition. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3, 738-752.
34. Chan LM, Lowes S, Hirst BH. (2004) The ABCs of drug transport in intestine and liver: efflux proteins limiting drug absorption and bioavailability. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21, 25-51.
35. Knauer MJ, Urquhart BL, Meyer ZU, Schwabedissen HE, Schwarz UI, Lemke CJ, Leake BF, Kim RB, Tirona RG. (2010) Human skeletal muscle drug transporters determine local exposure and toxicity of statins. Circulation Research, 106, 297-306.
36. Association of official analytical chemists (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, 1230.
37. Hajimehdipoor H, Shekarchi M, Khanavi M, Adib N, Amri M. (2010) A validated high performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of thymol and carvacrol in Thymus vulgaris L. volatile oil. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 6, 154-158.
38. Community reference laboratory for feed additives (2009) Evaluation report on the analytical methods submitted in connection with the application for authorisation as a feed additive according to regulation (EC) No 1831/2003, https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/FinRep-FAD-2008-0049.pdf.
39. Jakopic J, Veberic R, Štampar F. (2009) Extraction of phenolic compounds from green walnut fruits in different solvents. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 93, 11-15.
40. Kohlert C, Abel G, Schmid E, Veit M. (2002) Determination of thymol in human plasma by automated headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography analysis. Journal of Chromatography B, 767, 11-18.