Environmental and health regulation in the United States and the European union: Protecting public and planet

Environmental and Health Regulation in the United States and the European Union: Protecting Public and Planet

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-195

  Smith, Mitchell P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85013608952     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230337763     Document Type: Book

References (149)

1. Alberini, Anna and Kathleen Segerson. "Assessing Voluntary Programs to Improve Environmental Quality," Environmental and Resource Economics 22, No. 1-2 (June 2002): 157-184.
2. Andrews, Richard N. L. "Environmental Regulation and Business ‘Self-Regulation’," Policy Sciences 31 (1998): 177-197.
3. Asp, Nils-Georg and Susanne Bryngelsson. "Health Claims in the Labelling and Marketing of Food Products: The Swedish Food Sector’s Code of Practice in a European Perspective," Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition 51, No. 3 (2007): 107-126.
4. Atlas, Mark. "TRI to Communicate: Public Knowledge of the Toxics Release Inventory," Social Science Quarterly 88, No. 2 (2007): 555-572.
5. Bailer, Stefanie. "A Political Economy of Preferences in EU Negotiations: An Analysis of the Determinants of Positions in the Council of Ministers," Center for Comparative and International Studies, University of Zurich (2008). Accessed at http://www.cis.ethz.ch/events/past_events/PEIO2008/Bailer_EU.Council.Preferences on August 16, 2010.
6. Bergeson, Lynn L., Lisa M. Campbell, and Lisa Rothenberg. "TSCA and the Future of Chemical Regulation," EPA Administrative Law Reporter 15, No. 4 (April 2000): 1-23.
7. Bergner, Danielle M. "The Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003: California’s Response to the Electronic Waste Crisis," Marquette Law Review 88 (2004): 377-389.
8. BEUC. "BEUC Comments on the Request for Information in View of the Revision of Council Directive 90/496/EEC on Nutrition Labelling" (March 7, 2003). Accessed at http://ec.europa.eu/food /food/labellingnutrition/nutritionlabel/beuc_en.pdf
9. Beyers, Jan. "Gaining and Seeking Access: The European Adaptation of Domestic Interest Associations," European Journal of Political Research 41, No. 5 (August 2002): 585-612.
10. Blim, John M. "Free Speech and Health Claims Under the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990: Applying a Rehabilitated Central Hudson Test for Commercial Speech," Northwestern University Law Review 88, No. 2 (1994): 733-768.
11. Bone, Paula Fitzgerald and Karen Russo France. "Qualified Health Claims on Package Labels," Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 28, No. 2 (Fall 2009): 253-258.
12. Bouwen, Pieter. "Corporate Lobbying in the European Union: The Logic of Access," Journal of European Public Policy 9, No. 3 (2002): 365-390.
13. Bouwen, Pieter. "The Logic of Access to the European Parliament: Business Lobbying in the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs," Journal of Common Market Studies 42, No. 3 (2004): 473-495.
14. Bradley, Michele M. "The States’ Role in Regulating Food Labeling and Advertising: The Effect of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990," Food & Drug Law Journal 49 (1994): 649-674.
15. Brickman, Ronald, Sheila Jasanoff, and Thomas Ilgen. Controlling Chemicals: The Politics of Regulation in Europe and the United States (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1985).
16. Bulterman, Mielle. "Selected Legislation and Jurisprudence, Court of Justice of the European Communities, CJEC 2003/1, Case C-221/00, Commission/Austria," European Journal of Health Law 10 (2003): 65-66.
17. Carver, Krista Hessler. "A Global View of First Amendment Constraints on FDA," Food & Drug Law Journal 63 (2008): 151-215.
18. Cecot, Caroline, Robert Hahn, Andrea Redna, and Lorna Schrefler. "An Evaluation of the Equality of Impact Assessment in the European Union with Lessons for the US and the EU," Regulation & Governance 2 (2008): 405-424.
19. ChemSec (International Chemical Secretariat). "Cry Wolf: Predicted Costs by Industry in the Face of New Regulations," Report 6:04(April 2004). Available at: http://www.chemsec.org/images/stories/news_publications/Cry_wolf_report_040422.pdf
20. Childs, Nancy M. "Public Policy Approaches to Establishing Health Claims for Food Labels: An International Comparison," British Food Journal 100, No. 4 (1998): 191-200.
21. Christoforou, Theofanis. "The Precautionary Principle, Risk Assessment, and the Comparative Role of Science in the European Community and the US Legal Systems," in Norman J. Fig and Michael J. Faure, eds., Green Giants? Environmental Policies of the United States and the European Union (Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 17-51.
22. Cichowski, Rachel A. "Integrating the Environment: The European Court and the Construction of Supranational Policy," Journal of European Public Policy 5, No. 3 (September 1998): 387-405.
23. Close, Cavan O’Connor and Dominic J. Mancini. "Comparison of U.S. and European Commission Guidelines on Regulatory Impact Assessment/Analysis," Industrial Policy and Economic Reforms Papers No. 3, Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General, European Commission (April 2007). Accessed at http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise /newsroom/cf/_getdocument.cfm?doc_id=4188 on August 19, 2010.
24. Coen, David. "The Evolution of the Large Firm as a Political Actor in the European Union," Journal of European Public Policy 4, No. 1 (1997): 91-108.
25. Coen, David. "Environmental and Business Lobbying Alliances in Europe: Learning from Washington?" in D. Levy and P. Newell, eds., Business in International Environmental Governance: A Political Economy Approach (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 197-220.
26. Coen, David. "Empirical and Theoretical Studies in EU lobbying," Journal of European Public Policy 14, No. 3 (April 2007): 333-345.
27. Collins, Ken, Charlotte Burns, and Alex Warleigh. "Policy Entrepreneurs: The Role of European Parliament Committees in the Making of EUPolicy," Statute Law Review 19, No. 1 (1998): 1-11.
28. Commission of the European Communities. "Communication from the Commission on the Review of the Community Strategy for Waste Management and Draft Council Resolution on Waste Policy," COM(96) 399 final, 30.07.1996 (1996). Available at Archive of European Integration, University of Pittsburgh, http://aei.pitt.edu/4116/.
29. Commission of the European Communities. "Proposal for a Council Directive on End of Life Vehicles," COM (97) 358 final, July 9, 1997.
30. Commission of the European Communities. "White Paper on Food Safety," Brussels, COM (1999) 719 final, January 12, 2000. Accessed at http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/library/pub/pub06_en.pdf on August 24, 2010.
31. Commission of the European Communities. "Discussion Paper on Nutrition Claims and Functional Claims," Prepared by Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection, SANCO/1341/2001 (2001). Accessed at http://ec.europa.eu/food /food/labellingnutrition/claims/background_en.htm on August 24, 2010.
32. Commission of the European Communities. "Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Nutrition and Health Claims Made on Foods," Brussels, 16.7.2003 COM(2003) 424 final, July 16, 2003.
33. Commission of the European Communities. "A Strategic Review of Better Regulation in the European Union," Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Brussels, COM(2006) 689 final, November 14, 2006.
34. Commission of the European Communities. "Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the Implementation of Directive 2000/53/EC on End-of-Life Vehicles for the period 2002-2005," Brussels, COM(2007) 618 final, October 17, 2007.
35. Commission of the European Communities. "Second Strategic Review of Better Regulation in the European Union," Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Brussels, COM(2008)32 final, January 30, 2008.
36. Corporate Europe Observatory. "Bulldozing REACH-the Industry Offensive to Crush EU Chemicals Regulation." Retrieved from http://archive.corporateeurope.org/docs/lobbycracy/BulldozingREACH.pdf. March 2005.
37. Council of the European Union. "Common Position Adopted by the Council with a View to the Adoption of a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Nutrition and Health Claims Made on Foods," Brussels, (9858/05), November 15, 2005.
38. Coutrelis, Nicole. "European Union Food Law Update," Journal of Food Law & Policy (2005): 219.
39. Davies, J. Clarence and Jan Mazurek. Pollution Control in the United States: Evaluating the System. Resources for the Future Press, 1998.
40. Dunlop, Claire. "GMOs and Regulatory Styles," Environmental Politics 9, No. 2 (Summer 2000): 149-155.
41. Echols, Marsha A. "Food Safety Regulation in the European Union and the United States: Different Cultures, Different Laws," Columbia Journal of European Law 4 (1998): 525-543.
42. Eising, Rainer. "Institutional Context, Organizational Resources and Strategic Choices: Explaining Interest Group Access in the European Union," European Union Politics 8, No. 3 (2007): 329-362.
43. Environmental Defense Fund. "Toxic Ignorance: The Continuing Absence of Basic Health Testing for Top-Selling Chemicals in the United States," New York: Environmental Defense Fund (1997).
44. Environmental Working Group, Chemical Industry Archives."Responsible? Care?: As Bad News Mounts and Polls Head South, Chemical Companies Spend Millions on ‘Public Perception’," Available at: http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets /responsiblecare/1.asp. Updated March 2009. (2009a).
45. Environmental Working Group. "Voluntary Chemical Safety Testing," Accessed at http://www.chemicalindustryarchives.org/dirtysecrets/testing/1.asp on September 2009. (2009b).
46. European Food Safety Authority. "EFSA Conference on Nutrition and Health Claims," EFSA Meeting Summary Report, November 8-10, 2006, Bologna, Italy (EFSA, February 2008). Available at http://www.medinfo.hu/new3/konyvtar//bookshop/EFSA%20Conference%20on%20Nut r it ion%20and%20Hea lth%20Claims.pdf
47. European Parliament (EP). "Report on the Proposal for a Council Directive on End of Life Vehicles," COM(97)0358-C4-0639/ 97-97/0194(SYN), Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection, 1999.
48. European Parliament (EP). "Report on the Joint Text Approved by the Conciliation Committee for a European Parliament and Council Directive on End-of-Life Vehicles (C5-0258/2000-1997/0194(COD))," European Parliament Delegation to the Conciliation Committee, Final A5-0212/2000, July 15, 2000.
49. European Parliament (EP). "Report on the Commission White Paper on Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy (COM(2001) 88-C5-0258/2001- 2001/2118(COS))," Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy, Final A5-0356/2001, October 17, 2001.
50. European Parliament (EP). "Report on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Nutrition and Health Claims Made on Foods," COM(2003 0424-C5-0329/2003- 2003/0165(COD)), Commission on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, Adriana Poli Bortone, Rapporteur. Final A6-0128/2005, 2005.
51. European Parliament (EP). "End of Life Vehicles (ELV) Directive: An Assessment of the Current State of Implementation by Member States," Policy Department, Economic and Scientific Policy, IP/A/ENVI/ST/2006-29 (March 2007). Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/comparl/envi/pdf/externalexpertise/end_of_life_vehicles.pdf.
52. Fairbrass, J. and Jordan, A. "Protecting Biodiversity in the European Union: National Barriers and European Opportunities?" Journal of European Public Policy 8, No. 4 (2001): 499-518.
53. Falkner, Robert. "The Political Economy of ‘Normative Power’ Europe: EU Environmental Leadership in International Biotechnology Regulation," Journal of European Public Policy 14, No. 4 (June 2007): 507-526.
54. Fealk-Stickler, Lisa M. "Regulating the Regulators: The Impact of FDARegulation on Corporations’ First Amendment Rights," John Marshall Law Review 39 (2005-2006): 95-114.
55. Gaynor, Kevin. "The Toxic Substances Control Act: A Regulatory Morass," Vanderbilt Law Review 30 (1977): 1149-1195.
56. General Accounting Office. "Toxic Substances Control Act: Preliminary Observations on Legislative Changes to Make TSCA More Effective," Testimony before the Subcommittee on Toxic Substances, Research and Development, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate, Statement of Peter F. Guerrero, Director, Environmental Protection Issues, July 13, 1994.
57. Givel, Michael. "Motivation of Chemical Industry Social Responsibility through Responsible Care," Health Policy 81, No. 1 (April 2007): 85-92.
58. Glicksman, Robert and Christopher H. Schroeder. "EPA and the Courts: Twenty Years of Law and Politics," Law & Contemporary Problems 54(1991): 249-309.
59. Golub, Jonathan. "State Power and Institutional Influence in European Integration: Lessons from the Packaging Waste Directive," Journal of Common Market Studies 34, No. 3 (September 1996): 313-339.
60. Golub, Jonathan. Global Competition and EU Environmental Policy (London: Routledge, 1998).
61. Government Accountability Office (GAO). "Chemical Regulation: Options Exist to Improve EPA’s Ability to Assess Health Risks and Manage its Chemical Review Program," Report to Congressional Requesters, GAO-05-458, June 2005.
62. Government Accountability Office (GAO). "Chemical Regulation: Options for Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Toxic Substances Control Act," Testimony before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, February 26, 2009. (2009a).
63. Government Accountability Office (GAO). "Chemical Regulation: Observations on Improving the Toxic Substances Control Act," Testimony before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate, December 2, 2009.(2009b).
64. General Accounting Office. "Toxic Substances Control Act: EPA’s Limited Progress in Regulating Toxic Chemicals," Testimony before the Subcommittee on Toxic Substances, Research and Development, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate, Statement of Peter F. Guerrero, Director, Environmental Protection Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, May 17, 1994. Accessed at http://archive.gao.gov/t2pbat3/151661.pdf
65. Guth, Joseph H., Richard A. Denison, and Jennifer Sass. "Background Paper for Reform No. 5 of the Louisville Charter: Require Comprehensive Safety Data for All Chemicals." Accessed at http://www.louisvillecharter.org/paper.safetydata.shtml on July 14, 2005.
66. Haemer, Robert B. "Reform of the Toxic Substances Control Act: Achieving Balance in the Regulation of Toxic Substances," The Environmental Lawyer 6 (1999-2000): 99-134.
67. Hanan, Andrew. "Pushing the Environmental Regulatory Focus a Step Back: Controlling the Introduction of New Chemicals Under the Toxic Substances Control Act," American Journal of Law & Medicine 18, No. 4 (1992): 395-421.
68. Hawkes, Corrina. Nutrition Labels and Health Claims: The Global Regulatory Environment (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004).
69. Hemphill, Thomas A. "Corporate Environmentalism and Self-Regulation: Keeping Enforcement Agencies at Bay," Journal of Environmental Regulation 3, No. 2 (1993): 145-154.
70. Hojnacki, Marie, and David C. Kimball. "Organized Interests and the Decision of Whom to Lobby in Congress," American Political Science Review 92 (1998): 775-790.
71. Hunter, Beatrice Trum. "Relaxing the Rules on Food Labels," Consumers’Research Magazine 79, No. 4 (April 1996): 18-21.
72. John, Stephanie and Daniela Schwarzer. "Industry Lobbying within the European Union: Actors, Strategies, and Trends in the Multi-Level System," American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, Policy Report 24, 2006.
73. Kamieniecki, Sheldon. Corporate America and Environmental Policy: How Often Does Business Get its Way? (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006).
74. Kapstein, Ethan. "Resolving the Regulator’s Dilemma: International Coordination of Banking Regulations," International Organization 43, No. 2 (Spring 1989): 323-347.
75. Katan, Martijn B. and Nicole M. de Roos. "Toward Evidence-Based Health Claims for Foods," Science 299, No. 5604 (January 10, 2003): 206-207.
76. Keading, Michael. "Rapporteurship Allocation in the European Parliament: Information or Distribution," European Union Politic s 5, No. 3 (2004): 353-371.
77. Keane, Alice D. "Federal Regulation of Solid Waste Reduction and Recycling," Harvard Journal on Legislation 29 (1992): 251-279.
78. Kelemen, R. Daniel. "Regulatory Federalism: EU Environmental Regulation in Comparative Perspective," Journal of Public Policy 20, No. 2 (May-August 2000): 133-167.
79. Khanna, Madhu. "Non-Mandatory Approaches to Environmental Protection," Journal of Economic Surveys 15, No. 3 (July 2001): 291-324.
80. Kibert, Nicole C. "Extended Producer Responsibility: A Tool for Achieving Sustainable Development," Journal of Land Use 19, No. 2(Spring 2004): 503-523.
81. King, Andrew A. and Michael J. Lenox. "Industry Self-Regulation without Sanctions: The Chemical Industry’s Responsible Care Program," Academy of Management Journal 43, No. 4 (August 2000): 698-716.
82. Kohler-Koch, Beate. "Organized Interests in the EC and the European Parliament," European Integration Online Papers 1: 9 (1997).
83. Konz, Raymond J. "The End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) Directive: The Road to Responsible Disposal," Minnesota Journal of International Law 18(2009): 431-457.
84. Kossdorff, Katharina. "The New Austrian Food Safety and Consumer Protection Act," Ernährung/Nutrition 30, No. 12 (2006): 525-532.
85. Krämer, Ludwig. "The Roots of Divergence: A European Perspective," in Norman J. Vig and Michael G. Faure, eds., Green Giants?Environmental Policies of the United States and the European Union (Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 53-72.
86. Krasny, Leslie T. "Three Options: FDA Outlines Alternative Approaches for Regulating Qualified Health Claims," Food Processing 65, No. 2(February 1, 2004).
87. Kurzer, Paulette. "Transatlantic Risk Perceptions, Public Health, and Environmental Concerns: Coming Together or Drifting Apart?" in Nicolas Jabko and Craig Parsons, eds., The State of the European Union, Volume 7: With US or Against US? European Trends in American Perspective (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 299-324.
88. Löfstedt, Ragnar E. "The Swing of the Regulatory Pendulum in Europe: From Precautionary Principle to (Regulatory) Impact Analysis," The Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 28, No. 3 (2004): 237-260.
89. Löfstedt, Ragnar E. and David Vogel. "The Changing Character of Regulation: A Comparison of Europe and the United States," Risk Analysis 21, No. 3 (2001): 399-405.
90. Lowell Center for Sustainable Production. "The Promise and Limits of the United States Toxic Substances Control Act," Lowell, MA, October 10, 2003.
91. Lucas, Rainer. "End-of-Life Vehicle Regulation in Germany and Europe-Problems and Perspectives," Wuppertal Papers, No. 113 (March 2001), Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Wuppertal, Germany. Available at: http://www.wupperrinst.org.
92. Lyon, Thomas P. and John W. Maxwell. "‘Voluntary’ Approaches to Environmental Regulation: A Survey," (January 1999). Available at: SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=147888 or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.147888
93. Mahoney, C. "The Power of Institutions: State and Interest-Group Activity in the European Union," European Union Politics 5, No. 4(2004): 441-466.
94. Marks, G. and McAdam, D. "Social Movements and the Changing Structure of Political Opportunity in the European Union," West European Politics 19, No. 2 (1996): 249-278.
95. Maxwell, John W., Thomas P. Lyon, and Steven C. Hackett. "Self-Regulation and Social Welfare: The Political Economy of Corporate Environmentalism," Journal of Law & Economics 43 (October 2000): 583-617.
96. Michaels, Mara A. "FDA Regulation of Health Claims Under the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990: A Proposal for a Less Restrictive Scientific Standard," Emory Law Journal 44 (1995): 319-357.
97. Nicol, Scott and Shirley Thompson. "Policy Options to Reduce Consumer Waste to Zero: Comparing Product Stewardship and Extended Producer Responsibility for Refrigerator Waste," Waste Management & Research 25, No. 3 (2007): 227-233.
98. Noah, Lars and Barbara A. Noah. "Liberating Commercial Speech: Product Labeling Controls and the First Amendment," Florida Law Review 47 (1995): 63-112.
99. Ogushi, Yasuhiko and Milind Kandlikar. "Assessing Extended Producer Responsibility Laws in Japan," Environmental Science & Technology Online 41, No. 13 (July 1, 2007): 4502-4508.
100. O’Toole, Laurence J., Jr., Chilik Yu, James Cooley, Gail Cowie, Susan Crow, Terry DeMeo, and Stephanie Herbert. "Reducing Toxic Chemical Releases and Transfers: Explaining Outcomes for a Voluntary Program," Policy Studies Journal 25, No. 1 (March 1997): 11-26.
101. Oye, K. A. "The Precautionary Principle and International Conflict over Domestic Regulation: Mitigating Uncertainty and Improving Adaptive Capacity," Water Science and Technology 52, No. 6 (2005): 59-64.
102. Palmer, Elizabeth A. "‘Food Fight’ Ends, New Labels Should Be Easier to Digest," Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 50, No. 48(December 5, 1992): 3751.
103. Palmer, Karen, Wallace E. Oates, and Paul R. Portney. "Tightening Environmental Standards: The Benefit-Cost or the No-Cost Paradigm?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, No. 4 (Autumn 1995): 119-132.
104. Pappas, Clement Dimitri. "Maintaining a Level Playing Field: The Need for a Uniform Standard to Evaluate Health Claims for Foods and Dietary Supplements," Food and Drug Law Journal 57 (2002): 25-41.
105. Percival, Robert V. "Environmental Legislation and the Problem of Collective Action," Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum 9 (Fall 1998): 9-27.
106. Pollack, M. A. "Representing Diffuse Interests in EC Policy-making," Journal of European Public Policy 4, No. 4 (1997): 572-590.
107. Porter, Michael and Class van der Linde. "Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship," Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, No. 4 (Autumn 1995): 97-118.
108. Radaelli, Claudio M. "Whither Better Regulation for the Lisbon Agenda?" Journal of European Public Policy 14, No. 2 (March 2007): 190-207.
109. Rees, Joseph. "Development of Communitarian Regulation in the Chemical Industry," Law & Policy 19, No. 4 (October 1997): 477-528.
110. Renda, Andrea. Impact Assessment in the EU: The State of the Art and the Art of the State. Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, 2006.
111. Reynolds, Joel. "The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976: An Introductory Background and Analysis," Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 4 (1977): 35-96.
112. Rogers, William. "The Lesson of the Owl and the Crows: The Role of Deception in the Evolution of the Environmental Statutes," Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 4, No. 2 (Fall 1988): 377-388.
113. Rosendal, G. Kristin. "Governing GMOs in the EU: A Deviant Case of Environmental Policy-Making?" Global Environmental Politics 5, No. 1 (2005): 82-104.
114. Ruffell, Melanie. "UK Claims Watchdog Starts to Bark: Joint Health Claims Initiative (JHCI) Up and Running," Nutrition Bulletin 26: 59-60 (2001).
115. Ruffell, Melanie. "Health Claims on Food-JHCI Update Substantiation Requirements," Nutrition Bulletin 28: 193-196 (2003).
116. Ruggerio, Cynthia. "Referral of Toxic Chemical Regulation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act: EPA’s Administrative Dumping Ground," Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 17 (1989-1990): 75-122.
117. Sachs, Noah. "Planning the Funeral at the Birth: Extended Producer Responsibility in the European Union and the United States," Harvard International Law Review 30 (2006): 51-98.
118. Salzman, James. "Sustainable Consumption and the Law," Environmental Law 27 (1997): 1243-1294.
119. Samp, Richard A. "Courts Are Arriving at a Consensus on Food and Drug Administration Speech Regulation," Food and Drug Law Journal 58 (2003): 313-330.
120. Segerson, Kathleen and Thomas J. Miceli. "Voluntary Environmental Agreements: Good or Bad News for Environmental Protection?" Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 36 (1998): 109-130.
121. Selin, Henrik and Stacy D. VanDeveer. "Raising Global Standards: Hazardous Substances and E-Waste Management in the European Union," Environment 48, No. 10 (December 2006): 6-17.
122. Sharma, Lisa L., Stephen P. Teret, and Kelly D. Brownell. "The Food Industry and Self-Regulation: Standards to Promote Success and to Avoid Public Health Failures," American Journal of Public Health 100, No. 2 (February 2010): 240-246.
123. Shörling, Inger. REACH-The Only Planet Guide to the Secrets of Chemicals Policy in the EU. What Happened and Why? The Greens/European Free Alliance in the European Parliament, April 2004.
124. Short, Megan. "Taking Back the Trash: Comparing European Extended Producer Responsibility and Take-Back Liability to U.S. Environmental Policy and Attitudes," Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 37(2004): 1217-1254.
125. Silverglade, Bruce and Ilene Ringel Heller. "Food Labeling Chaos: The Case for Reform," Center for Science in the Public Interest (2010).Accessed at http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/food_labeling_chaos _report.pdf on May 5, 2011.
126. Simmons, Peter and Brian Wynne. "Responsible Care: Trust, Credibility and Environmental Management," in Kurt Fischer and Johan Schot, eds., Environmental Strategies for Industry (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1993), pp. 201-226.
127. Sissell, Sara. "Responsible Care at 20," Chemical Week 170, No. 21 (July 7-14, 2008): 23-26.
128. Slesin, Louis. "Regulating Chemicals Under TOSCA," Environment 20, No. 2 (March 1978): 19-20.
129. Smith, Mitchell P. "All Access Points Are Not Created Equal: Explaining the Fate of Diffuse Interests in the EU," British Journal of Politics and International Relations 10, No. 1 (February 2008): 64-83.
130. Smith, Mitchell P. "Single Market, Global Competition: Regulating the European Market in a Global Economy," Journal of European Public Policy 17, No. 7 (October 2010): 936-953.
131. Staudinger, Jeff and Gregory A. Keoleian. "Management of End-of-Life-Vehicles (ELVs) in the U.S.," Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan, Report No. CSS01-01 (March 2001).Accessed at http://css.snre.umich.edu/css_doc/CSS01-01.pdf on August 19, 2010.
132. Steinborn, Steven. "The Times They Are a-Changing: Qualified Health Claims Are Opening New Doors as Marketers Strive to Communicate Their Product’s Health Benefits to Consumers," Prepared Foods 173, No. 8 (August 1, 2004).
133. Steinborn, Steven B. and Kyra Todd. "The End of Paternalism: A New Approach to Food Labeling," Food and Drug Law Journal 54 (1999): 401-422.
134. Steinzor, Rena I. "Reinventing Environmental Regulation: The Dangerous Journey from Command to Self-Control," Harvard Environmental Law Review 22 (1998): 103-202.
135. Strasser, Kurt A. "Do Voluntary Corporate Efforts Improve Environmental Performance? The Empirical Literature," Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 35 (2008): 533-555.
136. Tanguay, Georges A., Paul Lanoie, and Jérôme Moreau. "Environmental Policy, Public Interest and Political Market," Public Choice 120(2004): 1-27.
137. Toffel, Michael W. "The Regulatory and Judicial Roots of Product Stewardship in the United States," Haas School of Business Working Paper (September 27, 2002). Accessed at http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/toffel/papers/Regulatory%20&%20judicial%20roots%20of%20PS%20in%20US.pdf on February 9, 2007.
138. Toffel, Michael W. "The Growing Strategic Importance of End-of-life Product Management," California Management Review 45, No. 3 (Spring 2003): 102-129.
139. Togawa, Kenichi. "Background of the Automobile Recycling Law Enactment in Japan," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 6(2005): 271-283.
140. Tufet-Opi, Enrique. "Life After End of Life: The Replacement of End of Life Product Legislation by an European Integrated Product Policy in the EC," Journal of Environmental Law 14, No. 1 (2002): 33-60.
141. U.S. Congress, H.B. 4308 [109th]. "Child, Worker, and Consumer-Safe Chemicals Act of 2005." Accessed at http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h109-4308.
142. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. "Comments of American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, American Cancer Society, American College of Preventive Medicine, Association of American Medical Colleges, Center for Science in the Public Interest, Consumer Federation of America, National Consumers League," Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Food Labeling: Health Claims; Dietary Guidance, February 25, 2004.
143. Vedder, Hans. Competition Law and Environmental Protection in Europe: Towards Sustainability? (Netherlands: Europa Law Publishing, 2003).
144. Vladeck, David C. "Devaluing Truth: Unverified Health Claims in the Aftermath of Pearson v. Shalala," Food & Drug Law Journal 54: 535-553 (1999).
145. Wiener, Jonathan B. "Convergence, Divergence, and Complexity in US and European Risk Regulation," in Norman J. Vig and Michael G. Faure, eds., Green Giants? Environmental Policies of the United States and the European Union (Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 73-109.
146. Wiener, Jonathan B. and Michael D. Rogers. "Comparing Precaution in the United States and Europe," Journal of Risk Research 5, No. 4(2002): 317-349.
147. Winter, Metta. "Consumer Protection or Overprotection?" Human Ecology 28, No. 4 (Fall 2000): 5-8.
148. Wurzel, Rüdiger K. W. "Flying into Unexpected Turbulence: The German EU Presidency in the Environmental Field," German Politics 9, No. 3(September 2000): 23-43.
149. Zaboli, Roberto, Giancarlo Barbiroli, Ricardo Leoncini, Massimilano Mazzanti, and Sandro Montressor. "Regulation and Innovation in the Area of End-of-Life Vehicles," European Commission JRC-IPTS and Enterprise DG Study of the Impact Of EU Regulation on Innovation Of European Industry, IDSE-CNR, EUR 19598 EN, Milan, Italy (March 2000). Accessed at http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/eur19598en.pdf on August 16, 2010.