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1
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33645226014
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-
European Environment Agency, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
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European Environment Agency, The European Environment-State and Outlook 2005 (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2005);
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(2005)
The European Environment - State and Outlook 2005
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2
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85055302938
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Mapping environmental justice in technology flows: Computer waste impacts in Asia
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A. Iles. "Mapping Environmental Justice in Technology Flows: Computer Waste Impacts in Asia" Global Environmental Politics 4 no. 4 (2004): 76-107;
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, pp. 76-107
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Iles, A.1
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3
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84860049509
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the Basel Action Network, http://www.ban.org;
-
-
-
-
4
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-
84860042265
-
-
and the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, http:/www.svtc.org.
-
-
-
-
10
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33845640706
-
-
note
-
A directive is binding with regard to the results it sets out to be achieved, but gives flexibility to national authorities to choose the specific forms and methods for implementation. A regulation sets out more specific rules and requirements for implementation that must be followed identically by all member states.
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-
-
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11
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33845677396
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Council directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
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Council directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE);
-
-
-
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12
-
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33845675953
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Council directive 2003/108/EC amending Council directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
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Council directive 2003/108/EC amending Council directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).
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-
-
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13
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33845657548
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Council directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) in electrical and electronic equipment
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Council directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) in electrical and electronic equipment.
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-
-
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16
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-
33745644038
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-
Central Intelligence Agency, available at. Population figure's are from July
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Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, 2006, available at https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html. Population figure's are from July, 2006.
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(2006)
The World Factbook, 2006
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17
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33845610734
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note 2 above
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A. Weale et al., note 2 above;
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Weale, A.1
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18
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33845612468
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A. Jordan and D. Liefferink, eds., note 2 above
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A. Jordan and D. Liefferink, eds., note 2 above.
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19
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1542367166
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European Commission (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities)
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European Commission, A European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002): 35.
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A European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development
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20
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0012757860
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(Johannesburg, South Africa), paragraph 23
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Governments at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in 2002, agreed that by 2020 human-made chemicals should be "used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment." United Nations, Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002): paragraph 23.
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(2002)
Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development
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21
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33845606934
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European Commission, note 10 above, page 15
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European Commission, note 10 above, page 15.
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-
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22
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33845639368
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Declaration on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro): principle 15
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United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, "Declaration on Environment and Development" (Rio de Janeiro. 1992): principle 15.
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(1992)
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
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25
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0742288597
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All talk, little action: Precaution and its effects on European chemicals regulation
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N. Eckley and H. Selin, "All Talk, Little Action: Precaution and its Effects on European Chemicals Regulation" Journal of European Public Policy 11 no. 1 (2004): 78-105.
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(2004)
Journal of European Public Policy
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Eckley, N.1
Selin, H.2
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26
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84860040545
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EU members dragging their heels on WEEE
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April (accessed 15 November)
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D. Wilson, "EU Members Dragging their Heels on WEEE," Electronics Supply & Manufacturing, April 2005, http://www.my-esm.com/print/ showArticle.jhtml? articleID=159908581 (accessed 15 November).
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Electronics Supply & Manufacturing
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Wilson, D.1
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33
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33845674316
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WEEE regime promised for April 2007
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Environmental Data Services (ENDS), (August 2006)
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Environmental Data Services (ENDS), "WEEE Regime Promised for April 2007," ENDS Report 379, (August 2006), 36-37.
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ENDS Report 379
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37
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32144447772
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EU environmental policy under pressure: Chemicals policy change between antagonistic goals?
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D. Pesendorfer, "EU Environmental Policy Under Pressure: Chemicals Policy Change Between Antagonistic Goals?" Environmental Politics 15 no. 1: 95-114;
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Environmental Politics
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Pesendorfer, D.1
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38
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33845674317
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WWF and European Environmental Bureau staff members in discussion with the authors, November, 2003
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WWF and European Environmental Bureau staff members in discussion with the authors, November, 2003.
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39
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33845678737
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note 6 above
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D. Vogel, note 6 above.
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Vogel, D.1
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40
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33845637439
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Early disputes over new review of EC chemicals policy
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ENDS, (April)
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ENDS, "Early Disputes over New Review of EC Chemicals Policy," ENDS Report 279, (April 1998), 39-40.
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42
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European chemicals regulation and Us effect on innovation: An assessment of the EU's white paper on the strategy for a future chemicals policy
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R. Nordbeck and M. Faust, "European Chemicals Regulation and Us Effect on Innovation: An Assessment of the EU's White Paper on the Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy," European Environment 13 no. 1 (2003): 79-99;
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(2003)
European Environment
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, Issue.1
, pp. 79-99
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Nordbeck, R.1
Faust, M.2
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44
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33845660537
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DG Environment officials in discussion with the authors, November, 2003
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DG Environment officials in discussion with the authors, November, 2003.
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46
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84925747519
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The European Parliament: The European Union's environmental Champion?
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A. Jordan, ed., (London: Earthscan). The formal name of the Parliament's Environment Committee is the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy
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C. Burns, "The European Parliament: The European Union's Environmental Champion?" in A. Jordan, ed., Environmental Policy in the European Union: Actors, Institutions and Processes second edition (London: Earthscan, 2005): 87-105. The formal name of the Parliament's Environment Committee is the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy.
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(2005)
Environmental Policy in the European Union: Actors, Institutions and Processes Second Edition
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Burns, C.1
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47
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0037392133
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The Greens Perspective on EU Chemicals Regulation and the White Paper
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I. Schörling, "The Greens Perspective on EU Chemicals Regulation and the White Paper," Risk Analysis 3, no. 2 (2003): 405-409;
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Risk Analysis
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Schörling, I.1
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49
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33845657057
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Green MEP and representatives of the European and American chemicals industry in discussion with the authors, November, 2003
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Green MEP and representatives of the European and American chemicals industry in discussion with the authors, November, 2003;
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50
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33845649107
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Representative of the European Commission in discussion with the authors, April 2004 and October 2006
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Representative of the European Commission in discussion with the authors, April 2004 and October 2006.
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51
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33845636295
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European Commission, note 25 above
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European Commission, note 25 above;
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-
-
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52
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33845616052
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Representatives of the European and American chemicals industry, DG Environment officials, and DG Enterprise officials in discussion with the authors, November, 2003
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Representatives of the European and American chemicals industry, DG Environment officials, and DG Enterprise officials in discussion with the authors, November, 2003;
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-
-
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53
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33845654578
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A representative of the European Commission, in discussion with the authors, April 2004 and November 2005
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A representative of the European Commission, in discussion with the authors, April 2004 and November 2005.
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-
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54
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33845646525
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REACH caught up in EU's competitiveness agenda
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ENDS
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ENDS, "REACH Caught up in EU's Competitiveness Agenda," ENDS Report 346, November 2003: 51-53.
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(2003)
ENDS Report
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56
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The Commission White Paper on a strategy for a future EU chemicals policy: The view of European Companies of American parentage
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J.-P. Montfort, "The Commission White Paper on a Strategy for a Future EU Chemicals Policy: The View of European Companies of American Parentage," Risk Analysis 23 no. 2 (2003): 399-404.
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Risk Analysis
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Montfort, J.-P.1
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65
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Regulatory assessment for chemicals: A rapid appraisal cost-benefit approach
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D. Pearce and P. Koundouri, "Regulatory Assessment for Chemicals: A Rapid Appraisal Cost-Benefit Approach," Environmental Science & Policy 7, no. 6 (2004): 435-449.
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Environmental Science & Policy
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Pearce, D.1
Koundouri, P.2
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66
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Sec Kemikalieinspektionen (Stockholm)
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One assessment estimates that European costs of PCB decontamination alone could be as high as €15 to €75 billion. Sec Kemikalieinspektionen, REACH-En Ny Kemikalielag för en Giftfri Miljö (Stockholm, 2004).
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67
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33845644286
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IDG Environment officials, DG Enterprise officials, and Green MEP in discussion with the authors, November, 2003
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IDG Environment officials, DG Enterprise officials, and Green MEP in discussion with the authors, November, 2003;
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-
-
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68
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33845655010
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Representative of the European Commission in discussion with the authors, November 2005 and October 2006
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Representative of the European Commission in discussion with the authors, November 2005 and October 2006.
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69
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33845627894
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European Commission, note 18 above
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European Commission, note 18 above.
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71
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0142086663
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The hare and the tortoise revisited: The new politics of risk regulation in Europe
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D. Vogel, "The Hare and the Tortoise Revisited: The New Politics of Risk Regulation in Europe," British Journal of Political Science 33, no. 4 (2003): 557-580:
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British Journal of Political Science
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Vogel, D.1
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74
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European environmental rules propel change in U.S
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July
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O. Pohl, "European Environmental Rules Propel Change in U.S.," New York Times, 6 July 2004.
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(2004)
New York Times
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Pohl, O.1
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75
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33845609374
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Tech firms face EU toxics test: Limits on the use of hazardous materials pushes U.S. electronics makers to innovate
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1 June
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H. Bray, "Tech Firms Face EU Toxics Test: Limits on the Use of Hazardous Materials Pushes U.S. Electronics Makers to Innovate," Boston Globe, 1 June 2006.
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Boston Globe
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76
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Medford, MA: Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University
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F. Ackerman, E. Stanton, and R. Massey, European Chemical Policy and the United States: The Impacts of REACH (Medford, MA: Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University, 2006).
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European Chemical Policy and the United States: The Impacts of REACH
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Ackerman, F.1
Stanton, E.2
Massey, R.3
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European Commission, note 18 above, page 16
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European Commission, note 18 above, page 16.
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79
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84860042270
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Sec (accessed 21 October)
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Sec http://www.ides.com/articles/rohs_directive. asp (accessed 21 October 2006).
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80
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33845647001
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D. Vogel, note 6 above
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D. Vogel, note 6 above.
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81
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33845632592
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note 2 above, page 57
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A. Weale et al., note 2 above, page 57.
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Weale, A.1
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82
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33845649547
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European Commission, note 18 above, page 21-22
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European Commission, note 18 above, page 21-22.
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83
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Manhattan: Electronics-recycling bill
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31 October
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S. Chan, "Manhattan: Electronics-Recycling Bill," New York Times, 31 October 2006.
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(2006)
New York Times
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Chan, S.1
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84
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33845644366
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European Commission, note 18 above, page 21
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European Commission, note 18 above, page 21.
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87
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33845634942
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American Chamber of Commerce to the European Union, 2003
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American Chamber of Commerce to the European Union, 2003;
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-
-
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88
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33845616051
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United States Council for International Business, 2003
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United States Council for International Business, 2003;
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-
-
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89
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33845629996
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United States House of Representatives, 2004
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United States House of Representatives, 2004:
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-
-
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90
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33845678736
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Interviews with representatives of the American chemicals industry, November 2003 and April 2004
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Interviews with representatives of the American chemicals industry, November 2003 and April 2004.
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