Exploitation of fungal biodiversity for discovery of novel antibiotics

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Volumn 398, Issue , 2016, Pages 303-338

  Karwehl, Sabrina ^a   Stadler, Marc ^a  

^a HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR INFECTION RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CEFEPIME; CEFTAZIDIME; FUSIDIC ACID; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID; PENICILLIN G; PLEUROMUTILIN; RETAPAMULIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ARTICLE; ASCOMYCETES; BASIDIOMYCETES; BIOCHEMISTRY; BIODIVERSITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DRUG STRUCTURE; EPIGENETICS; FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY; FUNGAL STRAIN; FUNGUS CULTURE; GENE CLUSTER; GROWTH INHIBITION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONHUMAN; PENICILLIUM BREVICOMPACTUM; PENICILLIUM ROQUEFORTI; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; CHEMISTRY; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; FUNGUS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METABOLISM;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BIODIVERSITY; DRUG DISCOVERY; FUNGI;

EID: 85007333048     PISSN: 0070217X     EISSN: 21969965     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_496     Document Type: Article

References (144)

1. Allard P-M, Peresse T, Bisson J, Gindro K, Marcourt L, Pham VC, Roussi F, Litaudon M, Wolfender J-L (2016) Integration of molecular networking and in-silico MS/MS fragmentation for natural products dereplication. Anal Chem 88:3317-3323.
2. Aly AH, Debbab A, Kjer J, Proksch P (2010) Fungal endophytes from higher plants: a prolific source of phytochemicals and other bioactive natural products. Fungal Divers 41:1-16.
3. Anderson JR, Edwards RL, Poyser JP, Whalley AJS (1988) Metabolites of the higher fungi. Part 23. The punctaporonins. Novel bi-, tri-, and tetra-cyclic sesquiterpenes related to caryophyllene, from the fungus Poronia punctata (Linnaeus: Fries) Fries. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 823-831.
4. Bentley R (2000) Mycophenolic acid: a one hundred year odyssey from antibiotic to Immunosuppressant. Chem Rev 100:3801-3826.
5. Bills GF, Christensen M, Powell M, Thorn G (2004) Saprobic fungi. In: Mueller GM, Bills GF, Foster M (eds) Biodiversity of fungi. Inventory and monitoring methods. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, pp 271-302.
6. Bills GF, Platas G, Fillola A, Jiménez MR, Bur-Zimmerman J, Tormo JR, Peláez F (2008) Enhancement of antibiotic and secondary metabolite detection from filamentous fungi by growth on nutritional arrays. J Appl Bacteriol 104:1644-1658.
7. Bills GF, Platas G, Overy DP, Collado J, Fillola A, Jiménez MR, Martín J, del Val AG, Vicente F, Tormo JR, Peláez F, Calati K, Harris G, Parish C, Xu D, Roemer T (2009a) Discovery of the parnafungins, antifungal metabolites that inhibit mRNA polyadenylation, from the Fusarium larvarum complex and other hypocrealean fungi. Mycologia 101:449-472.
8. Bills GF, Martín J, Collado J, Platas G, Overy D, Tormo JR, Vicente F, Verkleij G, Crous P (2009b) Measuring the distribution and diversity of antibiosis and secondary metabolites in the filamentous fungi. SIMB News 59:133-147.
9. Bills GF, González-Menéndez V, Martín J, Platas G, Fournier J, Peršoh D, Stadler M (2012a) Hypoxylon pulicicidum sp. Nov. (Ascomycota, Xylariales), a pantropical Insecticide-producing endophyte. PLoS ONE 7(10):e46687.
10. Bills GF, Dombrowski AW, Goetz MA (2012b) The “FERMEX” method for metabolite-enriched fungal extracts. Methods Mol Biol 944:79-96.
11. Bills GF, Gloer JB, An Z (2013) Coprophilous fungi: antibiotic discovery and functions in an underexplored arena of microbial defensive mutualism. Curr Opin Microbiol 16:549-565.
12. Bills GF, Yue Q, Chen L, Li Y, An Z, Frisvad JC (2015). Aspergillus mulundensis sp. nov., a new species for the fungus producing the antifungal echinocandin lipopeptides, mulundocandins. J Antibiot. doi:10.1038/ja.2015.105.
13. Bitzer J, Köpcke B, Stadler M, Hellwig V, Ju YM, Seip S, Henkel T (2007) Accelerated dereplication of natural products, supported by reference libraries. Chimia 51:332-338.
14. Bitzer J, Læssøe T, Fournier J, Kummer V, Decock C, Tichy HV, Piepenbring M, Peršoh D, Stadler M (2008) Affinities of Phylacia and the daldinoid Xylariaceae, inferred from chemotypes of cultures and ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycol Res 112:251-270.
15. Brakhage AA, Schroeckh V (2011) Fungal secondary metabolites-strategies to activate silent gene clusters. Fungal Genet Biol 48:15-22.
16. Bode HB, Bethe B, Höfs R, Zeeck A (2002) Big effects from small changes: possible ways to explore nature’s chemical diversity. ChemBioChem 3:619-627.
17. Bok JW, Chiang YM, Szewczyk E, Reyes-Dominguez Y, Davidson AD, Sanchez JF, Lo HC, Watanabe K, Strauss J, Oakley BR, Wang CCC, Keller NP (2009) Chromatin-level regulation of biosynthetic gene clusters. Nat Chem Biol 5:462-464.
18. Bok JW, Hoffmeister D, Maggio-Hall LA, Murillo R, Glasner JD, Keller NP (2006) Genomic mining for Aspergillus natural products. Chem Biol 13:31-37.
19. Bushley KE, Turgeon BG (2010) Phylogenomics reveals subfamilies of fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetases and their evolutionary relationships. BMC Evol Biol 10:26.
20. Butler MS, Robertson AAB, Cooper MA (2014) Natural product and natural product derived drugs in clinical trials. Nat Prod Rep 31:1612-1661.
21. Chomnunti P, Hongsanan S, Aguirre-Hudson B, Qing T, Peršoh D, Dhami MK, Alias SA, Xu J, Liu J, Stadler M, Hyde KD (2014) The sooty moulds. Fungal Divers 66:1-36.
22. Clardy J, Fischbach M, Currie C (2009) The natural history of antibiotics. Curr Biol 19:R437-R441.
23. Collado J, Platas G, Paulus B, Bills GF (2007) High-throughput culturing of fungi from plant litter by a dilution-to-extinction technique. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 60:521-533.
24. Collado IG, Viaud M (2016) Secondary metabolism in Botrytis cinerea: combining genomic and metabolomic approaches. In Botrytis-the fungus, the pathogen and its management in agricultural Systems. Springer, Berlin, pp 291-313.
25. Condon BJ, Leng Y, Wu D, Bushley KE, Ohm RA, Otillar R, Martin J, Schackwitz W, Grimwood J, MohdZainudin N, Xue C, Wang R, Dhillon B, Tu ZJ, Steffenson BJ, Salamov A, Sun H, Lowry S, LaButti K, Han J, Copeland A, Lindquist E, Lucas S, Barry K, Schmutz J, Baker S, Grigoriev IV, Zhong S, Turgeon BG (2013) Comparative genome structure, secondary metabolite and effector coding capacity across Cochliobolus pathogens. PLoS Genet 9(1):e1003233. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.233.
26. Daferner M, Anke T, Sterner O (2002) Zopfiellamides A and B, antimicrobial pyrrolidinone derivatives from the marine fungus Zopfiella latipes. Tetrahedron 58:7781-7784.
27. Davies J (2013) Specialized microbial metabolites: functions and origins. J Antibiot 66:361-364.
28. de la Cruz M, Martín J, González-Menéndez V, Pérez-Victoria I, Moreno C, Tormo JR, El Aouad N, Guarro J, Vicente F, Reyes F, Bills GF (2012) Chemical and physical modulation of antibiotic activity in Emericella species. Chem Biodivers 9:1095-1113.
29. Debbab A, Aly AH, Proksch P (2012) Endophytes and associated marine derived fungi-ecological and chemical perspectives. Fungal Divers 57:45-83.
30. De Silva DD, Rapior S, Sudarman E, Stadler M, Xu J, Aisyah Alias S, Hyde KD (2013) Bioactive metabolites from macrofungi: ethnopharmacology, biological activities and chemistry. Fungal Divers 61:1-40.
31. Del-Cid A, Gil-Durán C, Vaca I, Rojas-Aedo JF, García-Rico RO, Levicán G, Chávez R (2016) Identification and functional analysis of the mycophenolic acid gene cluster of Penicillium roqueforti. PloS one 11(1). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147047.
32. Donald RGK, Skwish S, Forsyth RA, Anderson JW, Zhong T, Burns C, Lee S, Meng X, LoCastro L, Jarantow LW, Martin J, Lee SH, Taylor I, Robbins D, Malone C, Wang LS, Zamudio CS, Youngman PJ, Phillips JW (2009) A Staphylococcus aureus fitness test platform for mechanism-based profiling of antibacterial compounds. Chem Biol 16:826-836.
33. Donzelli BGG, Krasnoff SB (2016) Molecular genetics of secondary chemistry in Metarhizium fungi. Adv Genet 94:365-436.
34. Dreyfuss MM, Chapela IH (1994) Potential of fungi in the discovery of novel, low-molecular weight pharmaceuticals. Biotechnol (Reading, Mass.) 26: 49-80.
35. Engels B, Heinig U, Grothe T, Stadler M, Jennewein S (2011) Cloning and characterization of an Armillaria gallica cDNA encoding protoilludene synthase, which catalyzes the first committed step in the synthesis of antimicrobial melleolides. J Biol Chem 286:6871-6878.
36. Erhardt M (2016) Strategies to block bacterial pathogenesis by interference with motility and chemotaxis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, in press. doi:10.1007/82_2016_493.
37. Fernandes P, Pereira D (2011) Efforts to support the development of fusidic acid in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 52:S542-S546.
38. Fernandes P (2016) Fusidic acid: a bacterial elongation factor inhibitor for the oral treatment of acute and chronic staphylococcal infections. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 6. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a025437.
39. Fisch KM, Gillaspy AF, Gipson M, Henrikson JC, Hoover AR, Jackson L, Najar FZ, Wägele H, Cichewicz RH (2009) Chemical induction of silent biosynthetic pathway transcription in Aspergillus niger. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 36:1199-1213.
40. Frisvad JC, Andersen B, Thrane U (2008) The use of secondary metabolite profiling in fungal taxonomy. Mycol Res 112:231-240.
41. Gao SS, Li XM, Li CH, Proksch P, Wang BG (2011) Penicisteroids A and B, antifungal and cytotoxic polyoxygenated steroids from the marine alga-derived endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum QEN-24 S. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 21:2894-2897.
42. Gibson DM, Donzelli BG, Krasnoff SB, Keyhani NO (2014) Discovering the secondary metabolite potential encoded within entomopathogenic fungi. Nat Prod Rep 31:1287-1305.
43. Gill M, Steglich W (1987) Pigments of fungi (Macromycetes). Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 51:1-317.
44. Goetz MA, Zhang C, Zink DL, Arocho M, Vicente F, Bills GF, Polishook J, Dorso K, Onishi R, Gill C, Hickey E, Lee S, Ball R, Skwish S, Donald RG, Phillips JW, Singh SB (2010) Coelomycin, a highly substituted 2,6-dioxo-pyrazine fungal metabolite antibacterial agent discovered by Staphylococcus aureus fitness test profiling. J Antibiot 63:512-518.
45. Gundlach H, Müller MJ, Kutchan TM, Zenk MH (1992) Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures. PNAS 89:2389-2393.
46. Halecker S, Surup F, Kuhnert E, Mohr KI, Brock NL, Dickschat JS, Junker C, Schulz B, Stadler M (2014) Hymenosetin, a 3-decalinoyltetramic acid antibiotic from cultures of the ash dieback pathogen, Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Phytochemistry 100:86-91.
47. Hansen BG, Genee HJ, Kaas CS, Nielsen JB, Regueira TB, Mortensen UH, Frisvad JC, Patil KR (2011a) A new class of IMP dehydrogenase with a role in self-resistance of mycophenolic acid producing fungi. BMC Microbiol 11:1-7.
48. Hansen BG, Salomonsen B, Nielsen MT, Nielsen JB, Hansen NB, Nielsen KF, Regueira TB, Nielsen J, Patil KR, Mortensen UH (2011b) Versatile enzyme expression and characterization system for Aspergillus nidulans, with the Penicillium brevicompactum polyketide synthase gene from the mycophenolic acid gene cluster as a test case. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:3044-3051.
49. Hawksworth DL (2012) Global species numbers of fungi: are tropical studies and molecular approaches contributing to a more robust estimate? Biodivers Conserv 21:2425-2433.
50. Heinig U, Scholz S, Jennewein S (2013) Getting to the bottom of taxol biosynthesis in fungi. Fungal Divers 60:161-170.
51. Hellwig V, Grothe T, Mayer-Bartschmid A, Endermann R, Geschke FU, Henkel T, Stadler M (2002) Altersetin, a new antibiotic from cultures of endophytic Alternaria spp. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activities. J Antibiot 55:881-892.
52. Herath K, Jayasuriya H, Zink DL, Sigmund J, Vicente F, de la Cruz M, Basilio A, Bills GF, Polishook JD, Donald R, Phillips J, Goetz M, Singh SB (2012) Isolation, structure elucidation, and antibacterial activity of methiosetin, a tetramic acid from a tropical sooty mold (Capnodium sp.). J Nat Prod 75:420-424.
53. Henrikson JC, Hoover AR, Joyner PM, Cichewicz RH (2009) A chemical epigenetics approach for engineering the in situ biosynthesis of cryptic natural products from Aspergillus niger. Org Biomol Chem 7:435-438.
54. Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Samson RA (2011) Fleming’s penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens. IMA Fungus 2:87-95.
55. Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Seifert KA, Overy DP, Tuthill DE, Valdez JG, Samson RA (2012) New penicillin-producing Penicillium species and an overview of section Chrysogena. Persoonia 29:78-100.
56. Igarashi Y, Gohda F, Kadoshima T, Fukuda T, Hanafusa T, Shojima A, Nakayama J, Bills GF, Peterson S (2015) Avellanin C, an inhibitor of quorum-sensing signaling in Staphylococcus aureus, from Hamigera ingelheimensis. J Antibiot 68:707-710.
57. Isaka M, Kittakoop P, Kirtikara K, Hywel-Jones NL, Thebtaranonth Y (2005) Bioactive substances from insect pathogenic fungi. Acc Chem Res 38:813-823.
58. Jayanetti DR, Yue Q, Bills GF, Gloer JB (2015) Hypocoprins A-C: new sesquiterpenoids from the coprophilous fungus Hypocopra rostrata. J Nat Prod 78:396-401.
59. Katzer W, Blackburn M, Charman K, Martin S, Penn J, Wrigley S (2001) Scale-up of filamentous organisms from tubes and shake-flasks into stirred vessels. Biochem Eng J 7:127-134.
60. Kauhl U, Andernach L, Weck S, Sandjo LP, Jacob S, Thines E, Opatz T (2016) Total synthesis of (-)-hymenosetin. J Org Chem 81:215-228.
61. Keller NP, Turner G, Bennett JW (2005) Fungal secondary metabolism-from biochemistry to genomics. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:937-947.
62. Kilaru S, Collins CM, Hartley AJ, Bailey AM, Foster GD (2009) Establishing molecular tools for genetic manipulation of the pleuromutilin-producing fungus Clitopilus passeckerianus. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:7196-7204.
63. King AM, Reid-Yu SA, Wang W, King DT, De Pascale G, Strynadka NC, Walsh TR, Coombes BK, Wright GD (2014) Aspergillomarasmine A overcomes metallo-b-lactamase antibiotic resistance. Nature 510:503-506.
64. Kirst HA (2013) Developing new antibacterials through natural product research. Expert Opin Drug Discov 8:479-493.
65. Kuhnert E, Fournier J, Peršoh D, Luangsa-ard JJD, Stadler M (2014a) New Hypoxylon species from Martinique and new evidence on the molecular phylogeny of Hypoxylon based on ITS rDNA and b-tubulin data. Fungal Divers 64:181-203.
66. Kuhnert E, Heitkämper S, Fournier J, Surup F, Stadler M (2014b) Hypoxyvermelhotins A-C, novel pigments from Hypoxylon lechatii sp. nov. Fungal Biol 118:242-252.
67. Kuhnert E, Surup F, Sir EB, Lambert C, Hyde KD, Hladki AI, Romero AI, Stadler M (2015) Lenormandins A-G, new azaphilones from Hypoxylon lenormandii and Hypoxylon jaklitschii sp. nov., recognised by chemotaxonomic data. Fungal Divers 71:165-184.
68. Kusari S, Hertweck C, Spiteller M (2012) Chemical ecology of endophytic fungi: origins of secondary metabolites. Chem Biol 19:792-798.
69. Kusnick C, Jansen R, Liberra K, Lindequist U (2002) Ascochital, a new metabolite from the marine ascomycete Kirschsteiniothelia maritima. Pharmazie 57:510-512.
70. Lang G, Mayhudin NA, Mitova MI, Sun L, van der Sar S, Blunt JW, Laatsch H, Munro MH (2008) Evolving trends in the dereplication of natural product extracts: new methodology for rapid, small-scale investigation of natural product extracts. J Nat Prod 71:1595-1599.
71. Lackner G, Misiek M, Braesel J, Hoffmeister D (2012) Genome mining reveals the evolutionary origin and biosynthetic potential of basidiomycete polyketide synthases. Fungal Genet Biol 49:996-1003.
72. Landwehr W, Wolf C, Wink J (2016) Bacterial sources for new antibiotics (Concurrent contribution).
73. Larsen TO, Smedsgaard J, Nielsen KF, Hansen ME, Frisvad JC (2005) Phenotypic taxonomy and metabolite profiling in microbial drug discovery. Nat Prod Rep 22:672-695.
74. Lax E (2005) The mold in Dr. Florey’s coat: the story of the penicillin miracle. Henry Holt and Co. LLC, New York.
75. Lepak AJ, Marchillo K, Andres DR (2015) Pharmacodynamic target evaluation of a novel oral glucan synthase inhibitor, SCY-078 (MK-3118), using an in vivo murine invasive candidiasis model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59:1265-1272.
76. Li D, Xu Y, Shao CL, Yang RY, Zheng CJ, Chen YY, Fu XM, Qian PY, She ZG, de Voogd NJ, Wang CY (2012) Antibacterial bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. Mar Drugs 10:234-241.
77. Li YF, Tsai KJS, Harvey CJB, Li JJ, Ary BE, Berlew EE, Boehman BL, Findley DM, Friant AG, Gardner CA, Gould MP, Ha JH, Lilley BK, McKinstry EL, Nawal S, Parry RC, Rothschild KW, Silbert SD, Tentilucci MD, Thurston AM, Wai RB, Yoon Y, Aiyar RS, Medema MH, Hillenmeyer ME, Charkoudian LK (2016) Comprehensive curation and analysis of fungal biosynthetic gene clusters of published natural products. Fungal Genet Biol 89:18-28.
78. Liberra K, Jansen R, Lindequist U (1998) Corollosporine, a new phthalide derivative from the marine fungus Corollospora maritima. Pharmazie 53:578-581.
79. Mao XM, Xu W, Li D, Yin WB, Chooi YH, Li YQ, Tang Yi Hu Y (2015) Epigenetic genome mining of an endophytic fungus leads to the pleiotropic biosynthesis of natural products. Angew Chem Int Ed 127:7702-7706.
80. Mitterbauer R, Specht T (2011) Polypeptide having diterpene synthase activity. US Patent US20130171701 A1.
81. Mohr KI (2016) Introduction to antibiotics research-from the early beginning to the golden time of antibiotic research. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol (Concurrent contribution).
82. Mühlen S, Dersch P (2016) Anti-virulence strategies to target bacterial infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, in press. doi:10.1007/82_2015_490.
83. Mudalungu CM, Richter C, Wittstein K, Ali Abdalla M, Matasyoh JC, Stadler M, Süssmuth RD (2016) Laxitextines A and B, cyathane xylosides from the tropical fungus Laxitextum incrustatum. J Nat Prod 79:894-898.
84. Newman DJ, Cragg GM (2016) Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014. J Nat Prod 79:629-661.
85. Ondeyka JG, Smith SK, Zink DL, Vicente F, Basilio A, Bills GF, Polishook JD, Garlisi C, Mcguinness D, Smith E, Qiu H, Gill CJ, Donald RG, Phillips JW, Goetz MA, Singh SB (2014) Isolation, structure elucidation and antibacterial activity of a new tetramic acid, ascosetin. J Antibiot 67:527-531.
86. Osterhage C, Kaminsky R, König GM, Wright AD (2000) Ascosalipyrrolidinone A, an antimicrobial alkaloid from the obligate marine fungus Ascochyta salicorniae. J Org Chem 65:6412-6417.
87. Overy DP, Bayman P, Kerr RG, Bills GF (2014) An assessment of natural product discovery from marine (sensu strictu) and marine-derived fungi. Mycology 5:145-167.
88. Ozcengiz G, Demain AL (2013) Recent advances in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and clavams and its regulation. Biotechnol Adv 31:287-311.
89. Pažoutová S, Follert S, Bitzer J, Keck M, Surup F, Šrůtka P, Holuša J, Stadler M (2013) A new endophytic insect-associated Daldinia species, recognised from a comparison of secondary metabolite profiles and molecular phylogeny. Fungal Divers 60:107-123.
90. Peláez F (2006) The historical delivery of antibiotics from microbial natural products-can history repeat? Biochem Pharmacol 71:981-990.
91. Petrini O, Sieber TN, Toti L, Viret O (1993) Ecology, metabolite production, and substrate utilization in endophytic fungi. Nat Toxins 1:185-196.
92. Qin S, Krohn K, Hussain H, Schulz B, Draeger S (2011) Pestalotheols E-H: antimicrobial metabolites from an endophytic fungus isolated from the tree Arbutus unedo. Eur J Org Chem 5163-5166.
93. Quin MB, Flynn CM, Schmidt-Dannert C (2014) Traversing the fungal terpenome. Nat Prod Rep 10:1449-1473.
94. Rambold G, Stadler M, Begerow D (2013) Mycology should be recognized as a field in biology at eye level with other major disciplines-a memorandum. Mycol Prog 12:455-463.
95. Raper KB (1965) Charles Thom 1872-1956-biographical memoir. In: Raper KB (ed) National Academy of Science, Washington, DC, pp. 307-344.
96. Richter C, Wittstein K, Kirk PM, Stadler M (2015) An assessment of the taxonomy and chemotaxonomy of Ganoderma. Fungal Divers 71:1-15.
97. Ridderbusch DC, Weber RW, Anke T, Sterner O (2004) Tulasnein and podospirone from the coprophilous xylariaceous fungus Podosordaria tulasnei. Z Naturforsch 59C:379-383.
98. Röhrich CR, Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H, Iversen A, Vilcinskas A, Nielsen KF, Thrane U, von Döhren H, Brückner H, Degenkolb T (2014) Front line defenders of the ecological niche! Screening the structural diversity of peptaibiotics from saprotrophic and fungicolous Trichoderma/Hypocrea species. Fungal Divers 69:117-146.
99. Rohlfs M, Churchill AC (2011) Fungal secondary metabolites as modulators of interactions with insects and other arthropods. Fungal Genet Biol 48:23-34.
100. Running JA, Bansal K (2016) Oxygen transfer rates in shaken culture vessels from Fernbach flasks to microtiter plates. Biotechnol Bioeng 9999:1-7.
101. Sanchez JF, Chiang YM, Szewczyk E, Davidson AD, Ahuja M, Oakley CE, Bok JW, Keller NP, Oakley BR, Wang CCC (2010) Molecular genetic analysis of the orsellinic acid/F9775 gene cluster of Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Biol Syst 6:587-593.
102. Sanchez JF, Somoza AD, Keller NP, Wang CC (2012) Advances in Aspergillus secondary metabolite research in the post-genomic era. Nat Prod Rep 29:351-371.
103. Schardl CL, Young CA, Hesse U, Amyotte SG, Andreeva K, Calie PJ, Fleetwood DJ, Haws DC, Moore N, Oeser B, Panaccione DG, Schweri KK, Voisey CR, Farman ML, Jaromczyk JW, Roe BA, O’Sullivan DM, Scott B, Tudzynski P, An Z, Arnaoudova EG, Bullock CT, Charlton ND, Chen L, Cox M, Dinkins RD, Florea S, Glenn AE, Gordon A, Güldener U, Harris DR, Hollin W, Jaromczyk J, Johnson RD, Khan AK, Leistner E, Leuchtmann A, Li C, Liu J, Liu J, Liu M, Mace W, Machado C, Nagabhyru P, Pan J, Schmid J, Sugawara K, Steiner U, Takach JE, Tanaka E, Webb JS, Wilson EV, Wiseman JL, Yoshida R, Zeng Z (2013) Plant-symbiotic fungi as chemical engineers: multi-genome analysis of the Clavicipitaceae reveals dynamics of alkaloid loci. PLOS Genet 9:e1003323.
104. Scherkenbeck J, Jeschke P, Harder A (2002) PF1022A and related cyclodepsipeptides-a novel class of anthelmintics. Curr Topics Med Chem 2:759-777.
105. Scherlach K, Hertweck J (2006) Discovery of aspoquinolones A-D, prenylated quinoline-2-ones from Aspergillus nidulans, motivated by genome mining. Org Biomol Chem 4:3517-3520.
106. Schmidt-Dannert C (2015a) Biosynthesis of terpenoid natural products in fungi. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 148:19-61.
107. Schmidt-Dannert C (2015b) NextGen microbial natural products discovery. Microb Biotechnol 8:26-28.
108. Schroeckh V, Scherlach K, Nutzmann HW, Shelest E, Schmidt-Heck W, Schuemann J, Martin K, Hertweck C, Brakhage AA (2009) Intimate bacterial-fungal interaction triggers biosynthesis of archetypal polyketides in Aspergillus nidulans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:14558-14563.
109. Schüffler A, Anke T (2014) Fungal natural products in research and development. Nat Prod Rep 31:1425-1448.
110. Schulz B, Boyle C (2005) The endophytic continuum. Mycol Res 109:661-686.
111. Schulz B, Boyle C, Draeger S, Römmert AK, Krohn K (2002) Endophytic fungi: a source of novel biologically active secondary metabolites. Mycol Res 106:996-1004.
112. Schwab EK, Bok JW, Tribus M, Galehr J, Graessle S, Keller NP (2007) Histone deacetylase activity regulates chemical diversity in Aspergillus. Eukaryot Cell 6:1656-1664.
113. Sica VP, Raja HA, El-Elimat T, Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH (2015) Dereplicating and spatial mapping of secondary metabolites from fungal cultures in situ. J Nat Prod 78:1926-1936.
114. Stadler M (2011) Importance of secondary metabolites in the Xylariaceae as parameters for assessment of their taxonomy, phylogeny, and functional biodiversity. Curr Res Environ Appl Mycol 1:75-133.
115. Stadler M, Hellwig V (2004) PCR-based data and secondary metabolites as chemotaxonomic markers in high-throughput screening for bioactive compounds from fungi. In: An Z (ed) Handbook of industrial mycology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 269-307.
116. Stadler M, Quang DN, Tomita A, Hashimoto T, Asakawa Y (2006) Production of bioactive metabolites during stromatal ontogeny of Hypoxylon fragiforme. Mycol Res 110:811-820.
117. Stadler M, Fournier J, Gardt S, Peršoh D (2010) The phylogenetic position of Rhopalostroma as inferred from a polythetic approach. Persoonia 25:11-21.
118. Stadler M, Læssøe T, Fournier J, Decock C, Schmieschek B, Tichy HV, Peršoh D (2014) A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae). Stud Mycol 77:1-143.
119. Stadler M, Hoffmeister D (2015) Fungal natural products-the mushroom perspective. Front Microbiol 6:127. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00127.
120. Strachan CR, Davies J (2016) Antibiotics and evolution: food for thought. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 43:149-153.
121. Strauss J, Reyes-Dominguez Y (2011) Regulation of secondary metabolism by chromatin structure and epigenetic codes. Fungal Genet Biol 48:62-69.
122. Surup F, Kuhnert E, Lehmann E, Heitkämper S, Hyde KD, Fournier J, Stadler M (2014) Sporothriolide derivatives as chemotaxonomic markers for Hypoxylon monticulosum. Mycol Int J Fungal Biol 5:110-119.
123. Surup F, Thongbai B, Kuhnert E, Hyde KD, Stadler M (2015) Deconins A-E-unprecedented cuparenic and mevalonic or propionic acid conjugates from the basidomycete Deconica sp. 471. J Nat Prod 78:934-938.
124. Sun ZL, Zhang M, Zhang J-F, Feng J (2011) Antifungal and cytotoxic activities of the secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Massrison sp. Phytomedicine 18:859-862.
125. Szewczyk E, Chiang YM, Oakley CE, Davidson AD, Wang CC, Oakley BR (2008) Identification and characterization of the asperthecin gene cluster of Aspergillus nidulans. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:7607-7612.
126. Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Põlme S, Kõljalg U, Yorou NS, Wijesundera Ruiz LV, Vasco-Palacios AM, Thu PQ, Suija A, Smith ME, Sharp C, Saluveer E, Saitta A, Rosas M, Riit T, Ratkowski D, Pritsch K, Põldmaa K, Piepenbring M, Phosri C, Peterson M, Parts K, Pärtel K, Otsing E, Nouhra E, Njouonkou AL, Nilsson RH, Morgado LN, Mayor J, May TW, Majuakim L, Lodge DJ, Lee SS, Larsson K-H, Kohout P, Hosaka K, Hiiesalu I, Henkel TW, Harend H, Guo L, Greslebin A, Grelet G, Geml J, Gates G, Dunstan W, Dunk C, Drenkhan R, Dearnaley J, de Kesel A, Dang T, Chen X, Buegger F, Brearley FQ, Bonito G, Anslan S, Abell S, Abarenkov K (2014) Global diversity and geography of soil fungi. Science 346:1256688.
127. Thongbai B, Rapior S, Wittstein K, Hyde KD, Stadler M (2015) Hericium erinaceus, an amazing medicinal mushroom. Mycol Prog 14:1-23.
128. Thongbai B, Surup F, Mohr K, Kuhnert E, Hyde KD, Stadler M (2013) Gymnopalynes A and B-chloropropynyl-isocoumarin antibiotics from cultures of the basidiomycete Gymnopus sp. J Nat Prod 76:2141-2144.
129. Van der Molen KM, Darveaux BA, Chen WL, Swanson SM, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH (2014) Epigenetic manipulation of a filamentous fungus by the proteasome-inhibitor bortezomib induces the production of an additional secondary metabolite. RSC Adv 4:18329-18335.
130. Varughese T, Rios N, Higginbotham S, Arnold AE, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Gerwick WH, Rios LC (2012) Antifungal depsidone metabolites from Cordyceps dipterigena, an endophytic fungus antagonistic to the phytopathogen Gibberella fujikuroi. Tetrahedron Lett 53:1624-1626.
131. Vicente F, Basilio A, Platas G, Collado J, Bills GF, Del Val AG, Martín J, Tormo JR, Harris GH, Zink DL, Justice M, Kahn JN, Peláez F (2009) Distribution of the antifungal agents sordarins across filamentous fungi. Mycol Res 113:754-770.
132. Vining LC (1990) Functions of secondary metabolites. Ann Rev Microbiol 44:395-427.
133. Wang JB, St. Leger RJ, Wang C (2016) Advances in genomics of entomopathogenic fungi. Adv Genet 94:67-105 (Academic Press).
134. Wang X, Zhang X, Liu L, Xiang M, Wang W, Sun X, Che Y, Guo L, Liu G, Guo L, Wang C, Yin WB, Stadler M, Zhang X, Liu X (2015) Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici reveals its lifestyle and high potential for synthesis of natural products. BMC Genom 16:28. doi:10.1186/s12864-014-1190-9.
135. Wasson RG (1968) Soma-divine mushroom of immortality; Ethno-mycological Studie No. 1. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York.
136. Wasson RG, Hofmann A, Ruck CAP (2008) In: Forte R (ed) The road to Eleusis-unveiling the secret of the mysteries, 13th edn. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley.
137. Weijman ACM, van Eijk GW (1982) Use of a single infusion bottle to culture and prepare potentially hazardous microorganisms for biochemical analysis. Culturing on solid media. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 48:457-459.
138. Whyte AC, Gloer JB, Wicklow DT, Dowd PF (1996) Sclerotiamide: a new member of the paraherquamide class with potent antiinsectan activity from the sclerotia of Aspergillus sclerotiorum. J Nat Prod 59:1093-1095.
139. Wiemann P, Keller NP (2014) Strategies for mining fungal natural products. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 41:301-313.
140. Williams RB, Henrikson JC, Hoover AR, Lee AE, Cichewicz RA (2008) Epigenetic remodeling of the fungal secondary metabolome. Org Biomol Chem 6:1895-1897.
141. Wolfender JL, Marti G, Queiroz EF (2010) Advances in techniques for profiling crude extracts and for the rapid identification of natural products: Dereplication, quality control and metabolomics. Curr Org Chem 14:1808-1832.
142. Wu G, Zhou H, Zhang P, Wang X, Li W, Zhang W, Liu X, Liu H-W, Keller NP, An Z, Yin W-B (2016) Polyketide production of pestaloficiols and macrolide ficiolides revealed by manipulations of epigenetic regulators in an endophytic fungus. Org Lett 18:1832-1835.
143. Yarbrough GC, Taylor DP, Rowlands RT, Crawford MS, Lasure LL (1993) Screening microbial metabolites for new drugs theoretical and practical issues. J Antibiot 46:535-544.
144. Yue Q, Chen L, Zhang X, Li K, Sun J, Liu X, An Z, Bills GF (2015) Evolution of chemical diversity in echinocandin lipopeptide antifungal metabolites. Eukaryot Cell 14:698-718.