Television’s cultivation of american adolescents’ beliefs about alcohol and the moderating role of trait reactance

Journal of Children and Media

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 5-22

  Russell, Cristel Antonia ^a   Russell, Dale Wesley ^b   Boland, Wendy Attaya ^b   Grube, Joel W ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Adolescence; Cultivation; Persuasion; Psychological reactance; Television

Indexed keywords

EID: 85001178185     PISSN: 17482798     EISSN: 17482801     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2014.863475     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
2. Albarracín, D., Cohen, J. B., & Kumkale, G. T. (2003). When communications collide with recipients’ actions: Effects of post-message behavior on intentions to follow the message recommendation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 834-845
3. Allen, D. N., Spenkel, D. G., & Vitale, P. A. (1994). Reactance theory and alcohol consumption laws: Further confirmation among collegiate alcohol consumers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55, 34-40
4. Barradas, D. T., Fulton, J. E., Blanck, H. M., & Huhman, M. (2007). Parental influences on youth television viewing. Journal of Pediatrics, 151, 369-373.e4
5. Boehnke, K., Münich, T., & Hoffmann, D. (2002). Development through media use? A German study on the use of radio in adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 193-201
6. Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. New York, NY: Academic Press.
7. Brown, J. D., Halpern, C. T., & L’engle, K. L. (2005). Mass media as a sexual super peer for early maturing girls. Journal of Adolescent Heath, 36, 420-427
8. Brown, S. L. (2001). Emotive health advertising and message resistance. Australian Psychologist, 36, 193-199
9. Bryant, J., Carveth, R. A., & Brown, D. (1981). Television viewing and anxiety: An experimental examination. Journal of Communication, 31, 106-119.
10. Caspi, A., & Silva, P.A. (1995). Temperamentalqualities at age three predict personality traits inyoung adulthood: Longitudinal evidence from a birth cohort. Child Development, 66, 486-498
11. Chartrand, T. L., Dalton, A. N., & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2007). Nonconscious relationship reactance: When significant others prime opposing goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 719-726
12. Chen, M., Grube, J. W., Bersamin, M., Waiters, E., & Keefe, D. B. (2005). Alcohol advertising: What makes it attractive to youth? Journal of Health Communication, 10, 553-565
13. Clayton, R. R., Segress, M. J. H., & Caudill, C. A. (2007). Sensation seeking: A commentary. Addiction, 102, 92-94
14. Collins, R. L., Ellickson, P. L., McCaffrey, D., & Hambarsoomians, K. (2007). Early adolescent exposure to alcohol advertising and its relationship to underage drinking. Journal of Adolescence Health, 40, 527-534
15. Collins, R. L., Schell, T., Ellickson, P. L., & McCaffrey, D. (2003). Predictors of beer advertising awareness among eighth graders. Addiction, 98, 1297-1306
16. Connolly, G. M., Casswell, S., Zhang, J. F., & Silva, P. A. (1994). Alcohol in the mass media and drinking by adolescents: A longitudinal study. Addiction, 89, 1255-1263
17. David, C., Cappella, J. N., & Fishbein, M. (2006). The social diffusion of influence among adolescents: Group interaction in a chat room environment about antidrug advertisements. Communication Theory, 16, 118-140
18. Dillard, J. P., & Shen, L. (2005). On the nature of reactance and its role in persuasive health communication. Communication Monographs, 72, 144-168
19. Dowd, E. T., Hughes, S. L., Brockbank, L., Halpain, D., Seibel, C., & Seibel, P. (1988). Compliancebased and defiance-based intervention strategies and psychological reactance in the treatment of free and unfree behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 370-376
20. Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (1999). Just going along: Nonconscious priming and conformity to social pressure. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 578-589
21. Fitzsimons, G. J., & Lehmann, D. R. (2004). Reactance to recommendations: When unsolicited advice yields contrary responses. Marketing Science, 23, 82-94
22. Gerbner, G. (1995). Alcohol in American culture. In S. E. Martin (Ed.), The effects of the mass media on use and abuse of alcohol (pp. 3-29). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
23. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., Signorielli, N., & Shanahan, J. (2002). Growing up with television: Cultivation processes (vol. 2). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
24. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Signorielli, N., & Morgan, M. (1980). Television violence, victimization, and power. American Behavioral Scientist, 23, 705-716
25. Goodman, E., Fisher, N. E., Little, I., Stukel, L. A., Chang, B., & Colditz, G. A. (2001). Are neonatal intensive care resources located according to need? Regional variation in neonatologists, beds, and low birth weight newborns. Pediatrics, 108, 426-431
26. Grube, J. W., & Agostinelli, G. E. (1999). Perceived consequences and adolescent drinking: Nonlinear and interactive models of alcohol expectancies. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 13, 303-312
27. Grube, J. W., & Morgan, M. (1990). Attitude-social support interactions: Contingent consistency effects in the prediction of adolescent smoking, drinking, and drug use. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 329-339
28. Grube, J. W., & Wallack, L. (1994). Television beer advertising and drinking knowledge, beliefs, and intentions among schoolchildren. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 254-259
29. Hanewinkel, R., & Sargent, J. D. (2009). Longitudinal study of exposure to entertainment media and alcohol use among German adolescents. Pediatrics, 123, 989-995
30. Hawkins, R. P., & Pingree, S. (1982). Television’s influence on social reality. In D. Pearl, L. Bouthilet, & J. Lazar (Eds.), Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties. DHHS Publication No. ADM 82-1196 (Vol. 2, pp. 224-247). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
31. Hong, S. (1992). Hong’s psychological reactance scale: A further factor analytic validation. Psychological Reports, 70, 512-514
32. Hong, S., & Faedda, S. (1996). Refinement of the Hong psychological reactance scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56, 173-182
33. Hong, S., & Page, S. (1989). A psychological reactance scale: Development, factor structure and reliability. Psychological Reports, 64, 1323-1326
34. Jaccard, J., Wan, C. K., & Turrisi, R. (1990). Interaction effects in multiple regression. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
35. Jonason, P. K., & Knowles, H. M. (2006). A unidimensional measure of hong’s psychological reactance scale 1,2. Psychological Reports, 98, 569-579
36. Lafayette, J. (2013). Millennials want TV-and accept ads. Retrieved from http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/492271-Millennials_Want_TV_And_Accept_Ads_Study.php
37. Livingstone, S. (2007). Do the media harm children?: Reflections on new approaches to an old problem. Journal of Children and Media, 1, 5-14
38. Martin, C. A., Kelly, T. H., Rayens, M. K., Brogli, B., Himelreich, K., Brenzel, A., &... Omar, H. (2004). Sensation seeking and symptoms of disruptive disorder: Association with nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana use in early and mid-adolescence. Psychological Reports, 94, 1075-1082
39. Mathios, A., Avery, R., Bisogni, C., & Shanahan, J. (1998). Alcohol portrayal on prime-time television: Manifest and latent messages. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 59, 305-310
40. Miller, C. H., Burgoon, M., Grandpre, J. R., & Alvaro, E. M. (2006). Identifying principal risk factors for the initiation of adolescent smoking behaviors: The significance of psychological reactance. Journal of Health Communication, 19, 241-252
41. Miller, C. H., & Quick, B. L. (2010). Sensation seeking and psychological reactance as health risk predictors for an emerging adult population. Health Communication, 25, 266-275
42. Morgan, M., & Shanahan, J. (2010). The state of cultivation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54, 337-355
43. Morgan, M., Shanahan, J., & Signorielli, N. (Eds.). (2012). The cultivation differential: State of the art research in cultivation theory. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishers.
44. Moyer-Gusé, E., Jain, P., & Chung, A. H. (2012). Reinforcement or reactance? Examining the effect of an explicit persuasive appeal following an entertainment-education narrative. Journal of Communication, 62, 1010-1027
45. Nabi, R. L., & Riddle, K. (2008). Personality traits, television viewing, and the cultivation effect. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 327-348.
46. Nielsen Media. (2009). How teens use media: A Nielsen report on the myths and realities of teen media trends. Retrieved from http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/reports/nielsen_howteensusemedia_june09.pdf
47. Noguti, V., & Russell, C. A. (2014). Normative influences on product placement effects: Alcohol brands in television series and the influence of presumed influence. Journal of Advertising, 43(1), Forthcoming.
48. O’Guinn, T. C., & Shrum, L. J. (1997). The role of television in the construction of consumer reality. Journal of Consumer Research, 23, 278-294
49. Pechmann, C., Levine, L., Loughlin, S., & Leslie, F. (2005). Impulsive and self-conscious: Adolescents’ vulnerability to advertising and promotion. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 24, 202-221
50. Pechmann, C., & Wang, L. (2010). Effects of indirectly and directly competing reference group messages and persuasion knowledge: Implications for educational placements. Journal of Marketing Research, 47, 134-145
51. Pechmann, C., Zhao, G., Goldberg, M. E., & Reibling, E. T. (2003). What to convey in antismoking advertisements for adolescents: The use of protection motivation theory to identify effective message themes. Journal of Marketing, 67, 1-18.
52. PEW. (2010). Millennials: A portrait of generation next. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2010/10/millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change.pdf
53. Quick, B. L., & Bates, B. R. (2010). The use of gain-or loss-frame messages and efficacy appeals to dissuade excessive alcohol consumption among college students: A test of psychological reactance theory. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, 15, 603-628
54. Quick, B., Scott, A. M., & Ledbetter, A. M. (2011). A close examination of trait reactance and issue involvement as moderators of psychological reactance theory. Journal of Health Communication, 16, 660-679
55. Quick, B. L., & Stephenson, M. T. (2008). Examining the role of trait reactance and sensation seeking on perceived threat, state reactance, and reactance restoration. Human Communication Research, 34, 448-476
56. Rains, S. A. (2013). The nature of psychological reactance revisited: A meta-analytic review. Human Communication Research, 39, 47-73
57. Rains, S. A., & Turner, M. (2007). Psychological reactance and persuasive health communication: A test and extension of the intertwined model. Human Communication Research, 33, 241-269
58. Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation M2 media in the lives of 8-to 18 Year-olds: A Kaiser family foundation study. Retrieved from http://www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/8010.pdf
59. Ringold, D. J. (2002). Boomerang effect: In response to public health interventions: Some unintended consequences in the alcoholic beverage market. Journal of Consumer Policy, 25, 27-63
60. Roberts, B. W., & Delvecchio, W. F. (2000). The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 3-25
61. Robinson, T. N., Chen, H. L., & Killen, J. D. (1998). Television and music video exposure and risk of adolescent alcohol use. Pediatrics, 102. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/102/5/e54.full
62. Russell, C. A., Norman, A. T., & Heckler, S. E. (2004). The consumption of television programming: Development and validation of the connectedness scale. Journal of Consumer Research, 31, 150-161
63. Russell, C. A., & Russell, D. W. (2009). Alcohol messages in prime-time television series. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 43, 108-128
64. Russell, C. A., Russell, D. W., & Grube, J. W. (2009). Nature and impact of alcohol messages in a youth-oriented television series. Journal of Advertising, 38, 97-112
65. Russell, C. A., Russell, D. W., & Grube, J. W. (2013). Substance use, advertising and the media. In K. Sher (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of substance use disorders. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
66. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1977). Self-consciousness and reactance. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 16-29
67. Scull, T. M., Kupersmidt, J. B., Parker, A. E., Elmore, K. C., & Benson, J. W. (2010). Adolescents’ media-related cognitions and substance use in the context of parental and peer influences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 981-998
68. Shrum, L. J. (2013). The psychology of entertainment media: Blurring the lines between entertainment and persuasion (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
69. Shrum, L. J., Burroughs, J. E., & Rindfleisch, A. (2005). Television’s cultivation of material values. Journal of Consumer Research, 32, 473-479
70. Shrum, L. J., & Lee, J. (2013). The story TV tells. In L. J. Shrum (Ed.), The psychology of entertainment media: Blurring the lines between entertainment and persuasion (pp. 147-167). New York, NY: Routledge.
71. Shrum, L. J., Wyer, R. S. Jr, & O’Guinn, T. C. (1998). The effects of television consumption on social perceptions: The use of priming procedures to investigate psychological processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 447-458
72. Spear, L. P. (2010). The behavioral neuroscience of adolescence. New York, NY: Norton & Company.
73. Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28, 78-106
74. Steinberg, L. (2009). Should the science of adolescent brain development inform public policy? American Psychologist, 64, 739-750
75. Stephenson, M. T., Velez, L. F., Chalela, P., Ramirez, A., & Hoyle, R. H. (2007). The reliability and validity of the brief sensation seeking scale (BSSS-8) with young adult Latino workers: Implications for tobacco and alcohol disparity research. Addiction, 102, 79-91
76. Strasburger, V. C., & Wilson, B. J. (2002). Children, adolescents and the media. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
77. Sverdlov, G. (2012). The state of consumers and technology: Benchmark 2012, US. Retrieved from http://www.forrester.com/TheþStateþOfþConsumersþAndþTechnologyþBenchmarkþ2012þUS/fulltext/-/E-RES87201
78. United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). (2007). The surgeon general’s call to action to prevent and reduce underage drinking. Rockville, MD: Office of the Surgeon General.
79. Webb, T., & Martin, K. (2012). Evaluation of A US school-based media literacy violence prevention curriculum on changes in knowledge and critical thinking among adolescents. Journal of Children and Media, 6, 430-449
80. Wellins, R., & McGinnies, E. (1977). Counterarguing and selective exposure to persuasion. Journal of Social Psychology, 103, 115-127
81. Wright, K. B. (2005). Researching internet-based populations: Advantages and disadvantages of online survey research, online questionnaire authoring software packages, and web survey services. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10. Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue3/wright.html?ref¼BenimShopum.co
82. Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
83. Zuckerman, M., Black, J., & Ball, S. A. (1990). Influences of sensation seeking, gender, risk appraisal, and situational motivation on smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 15, 209-220.