Characterization of the Neisseria meningitidis helicase RecG

PLoS ONE

Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2016, Pages

  Beyene, Getachew Tesfaye ^a,c   Balasingham, Seetha V ^b   Frye, Stephan A ^b   Namouchi, Amine ^b   Homberset, Håvard ^a   Kalayou, Shewit ^a   Riaz, Tahira ^a   Tønjum, Tone ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^c MEKELLE UNIVERSITY   (Ethiopia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA; GLYCAN; RECG HELICASE; BACTERIAL DNA; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; DNA HELICASE;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENOME; BACTERIAL STRAIN; CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS; CODON; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA BINDING; DNA RECOMBINATION; DNA REPAIR; DNA REPLICATION; DNA SEQUENCE; ENZYME ACTIVE SITE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME ANALYSIS; ENZYME PURIFICATION; GENOTOXICITY; HOLLIDAY JUNCTION; IN VITRO STUDY; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RIBOSOME; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; BACTERIUM TRANSFORMATION; CHEMISTRY; CONSERVED SEQUENCE; ENZYMOLOGY; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METABOLISM; MOLECULAR CLONING; MOLECULAR MODEL; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PROCEDURES;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BASE SEQUENCE; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; CLONING, MOLECULAR; CONSERVED SEQUENCE; DNA HELICASES; DNA REPAIR; DNA REPLICATION; DNA, BACTERIAL; MODELS, MOLECULAR; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL;

EID: 84991408226     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164588     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Nassif X (2000) Microbiology. A Furtive Pathogen Revealed. Science (80-) 287: 1767-1768. doi: 10.1126/science.287.5459.1767 PMID: 10755929
2. Davidsen T, Tønjum T (2006) Meningococcal genome dynamics. Nat Rev Microbiol 4: 11-22. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1324 PMID: 16357857
3. Black CG, Fyfe JA, Davies JK, Black CG, Janet AM, Fyfe JKD (1998) Absence of an SOS-like system in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gene 208: 61-66. PMID: 9479048
4. Nagorska K, Silhan J, Li Y, Pelicic V, Freemont PS, Baldwin GS, et al. (2012) A network of enzymes involved in repair of oxidative DNA damage in Neisseria meningitidis. Mol Microbiol 83: 1064-1079. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.07989.x PMID: 22296581
5. Brosh RM (2013) DNA helicases involved in DNA repair and their roles in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 13: 542-558. doi: 10.1038/nrc3560 PMID: 23842644
6. Rocha EPC, Cornet E, Michel B (2005) Comparative and evolutionary analysis of the bacterial homologous recombination systems. PLoS Genet 1: e15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010015 PMID: 16132081
7. Zegeye ED, Balasingham SV, Laerdahl JK, Homberset H, Tønjum T (2012) Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecG binds and unwinds model DNA substrates with a preference for Holliday junctions. Microbiology 158: 1982-1993. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.058693-0 PMID: 22628485
8. Wallet C, Le Ret M, Bergdoll M, Bichara M, Dietrich A, Gualberto JM (2015) The RECG1 DNA Translocase Is a Key Factor in Recombination Surveillance, Repair, and Segregation of the Mitochondrial DNA in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 27: tpc.15.00680. doi: 10.1105/tpc.15.00680 PMID: 26462909
9. Mahdi AA, Briggs GS, Sharples GJ, Wen Q, Lloyd RG (2003) A model for dsDNA translocation revealed by a structural motif common to RecG and Mfd proteins. EMBO J 22: 724-734. doi: 10.1093/emboj/cdg043 PMID: 12554672
10. Rudolph Christian J., Upton AL, Harris L, Lloyd RG (2009) Pathological replication in cells lacking RecG DNA translocase. Mol Microbiol 73: 352-366. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06773.x PMID: 19538444
11. Rudolph CJ, Mahdi AA, Upton AL, Lloyd RG (2010) RecG protein and single-strand DNA exonucleases avoid cell lethality associated with PriA helicase activity in Escherichia coli. Genetics 186: 473-492. doi: 10.1534/genetics.110.120691 PMID: 20647503
12. Sharples GJ, Ingleston SM, Lloyd RG (1999) Holliday Junction Processing in Bacteria: Insights from the Evolutionary Conservation of RuvABC, RecG, and RusA. J Bacteriol 181: 5543-5550. PMID: 10482492
13. McGlynn P, Lloyd RG (1999) RecG helicase activity at three- and four-strand DNA structures. Nucleic Acids Res 27: 3049-3056. PMID: 10454599
14. Sechman EV, Kline KA, Seifert HS (2006) Loss of both Holliday junction processing pathways is synthetically lethal in the presence of gonococcal pilin antigenic variation. Mol Microbiol 61: 185-193. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05213.x PMID: 16824104
15. Sun Y-HH, Exley R, Li Y, Goulding D, Tang C (2005) Identification and Characterization of Genes Required for Competence in Neisseria meningitidis. J Bacteriol 187: 3273-3276. doi: 10.1128/JB.187.9.3273 PMID: 15838056
16. Wu Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Xu H, Hua Y (2009) Involvement of RecG in H2O2-induced damage repair in Deinococcus radiodurans. Can J Microbiol 55: 841-848. doi:w09-028 [pii]\r10.1139/w09-028. doi: 10.1139/w09-028 PMID: 19767856
17. Ochsner UA, Vasil ML, Alsabbagh E, Parvatiyar K, Hassett DJ (2000) Role of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxyR-recG operon in oxidative stress defense and DNA repair: OxyR-dependent regulation of katB-ankB, ahpB, and ahpC-ahpF. J Bacteriol 182: 4533-4544. PMID: 10913087
18. Benam AV, Lang E, Alfsnes K, Fleckenstein B, Rowe AD, Hovland E (2011) Structure-function relationships of the competence lipoprotein ComL and SSB in meningococcal transformation. Microbiology 157: 1329-1342. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.046896-0 PMID: 21330432
19. Gibson DG, Young L, Chuang R-Y, Venter JC, Hutchison CA, Smith HO (2009) Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases. Nat Methods 6: 343-345. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1318 PMID: 19363495
20. McGlynn P, Al-Deib A, Liu J, Lloyd RG (1997) The DNA replication protein PriA and the recombination protein RecG bind D-loops. J Mol Biol 270: 212-221. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1997.1120 PMID: 9236123
21. Lloyd RG, Sharples GJ (1993) Dissociation of synthetic Holliday junctions by E. coli RecG protein. EMBO J 12: 17-22. PMID: 8428576
22. McGlynn P, Lloyd RG (2001) Rescue of stalled replication forks by RecG: simultaneous translocation on the leading and lagging strand templates supports an active DNA unwinding model of fork reversal and Holliday junction formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98: 8227-8234. doi: 10.1073/pnas.111008698 PMID: 11459957
23. Brosh RM, Opresko PL, Bohr VA (2006) Enzymatic mechanism of the WRN helicase/nuclease. Methods Enzymol 409: 52-85. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)09004-X PMID: 16793395
24. Slocum SL, Buss J, Kimura Y, Bianco PR (2007) Characterization of the ATPase activity of the Escherichia coli RecG protein reveals that the preferred cofactor is negatively supercoiled DNA. J Mol Biol 367: 647-664. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.01.007 PMID: 17292398
25. Blake MS, MacDonald CM, Klugman KP (1989) Colony morphology of piliated Neisseria meningitidis. J Exp Med 170: 1727-1736. PMID: 2572672
26. Geissmann Q (2013) OpenCFU, a New Free and Open-Source Software to Count Cell Colonies and Other Circular Objects. PLoS One 8: 1-10. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054072 PMID: 23457446
27. Ambur OH, Frye SA, Nilsen M, Hovland E, Tønjum T (2012) Restriction and sequence alterations affect DNA uptake sequence-dependent transformation in Neisseria meningitidis. PLoS One 7: e39742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039742 PMID: 22768309
28. Tettelin H, Saunders NJ, Heidelberg J, Jeffries AC, Nelson KE, Eisen JA, et al. (2000) Complete genome sequence of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain MC58. Science 287: 1809-1815. doi: 10.1126/science.287.5459.1809 PMID: 10710307
29. Frasch CE, Chapman SS (1972) Classification of Neisseria meningitidis Group B into Distinct Serotypes I. Serological Typing by a Microbactericidal Method. Infect Immun 5: 98-102. PMID: 4632471
30. Tønjum T, Caugant DA, Dunham SA, Koomey M (1998) Structure and function of repetitive sequence elements associated with a highly polymorphic domain of the Neisseria meningitidis PilQ protein. Mol Microbiol 29: 111-124. PMID: 9701807
31. Frye SA, Nilsen M, Tonjum T, Ambur OH, Tønjum T (2013) Dialects of the DNA uptake sequence in neisseriaceae. PLoS Genet 9: e1003458. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003458 PMID: 23637627
32. Davidsen T, Bjørås M, Seeberg EC, Tønjum T (2005) Antimutator Role of DNA Glycosylase MutY in Pathogenic Neisseria Species. J BACTERIOL 187. doi: 10.1128/JB.187.8.2801
33. Balasingham SV, Collins RF, Assalkhou R, Homberset H, Frye SA, Derrick JP, et al. (2007) Interactions between the lipoprotein PilP and the secretin PilQ in Neisseria meningitidis. J Bacteriol 189: 5716-5727. doi: 10.1128/JB.00060-07 PMID: 17526700
34. Collins RF, Frye SA, Balasingham S, Ford RC, Tønjum T, Derrick JP (2005) Interaction with type IV pili induces structural changes in the bacterial outer membrane secretin PilQ. J Biol Chem 280: 18923-18930. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M411603200 PMID: 15753075
35. Campsall P, Laupland KB, Niven DJ (2013) Severe meningococcal infection: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Crit Care Clin 29: 393-409. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.001 PMID: 23830646
36. Tobiason DM, Seifert HS (2006) The obligate human pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is polyploid. PLoS Biol 4: 1069-1078. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040185 PMID: 16719561
37. Pagliarulo C, Salvatore P, De Vitis LR, Colicchio R, Monaco C, Tredici M, et al. (2004) Regulation and differential expression of gdhA encoding NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase in Neisseria meningitidis clinical isolates. Mol Microbiol 51: 1757-1772. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03947.x PMID: 15009900
38. Bill NJ, Ii JAW (1977) Comparison of In Vitro Activity of Cephalexin, Cephradine, and Cefaclor. Mol Microbiol 11: 470-474.
39. Withers HL, Bernander R (1998) Characterization of dnaC2 and dnaC28 mutants by flow cytometry. J Bacteriol 180: 1624-1631. PMID: 9537356
40. Torheim NK, Boye E, Lùbner A (2000) The Escherichia coli SeqA protein destabilizes mutant DnaA204 protein. Mol Microbiol 37: 629-638. PMID: 10931356
41. Stokke C, Flåtten I, Skarstad K (2012) An easy-to-use simulation program demonstrates variations in bacterial cell cycle parameters depending on medium and temperature. PLoS One 7. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030981 PMID: 22348034
42. National Center for Biotechnology Information (n.d.) Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/?term=RecG+Neisseria+meningitidis.
43. Stothard P (2000) The Sequence Manipulation Suite: JavaScript programs for analyzing and formatting protein and DNA sequences. Biotech 281102-1104 28: 1102-1104.
44. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725-2729. doi: 10.1093/molbev/mst197 PMID: 24132122
45. Rice P, Longden I, Bleasby A (2000) EMBOSS: the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite. Trends Genet 16: 276-277. PMID: 10827456
46. Landau M, Mayrose I, Rosenberg Y, Glaser F, Martz E, Pupko T, et al. (2005) ConSurf 2005: The projection of evolutionary conservation scores of residues on protein structures. Nucleic Acids Res 33: 299-302. doi: 10.1093/nar/gki370 PMID: 15980475
47. Kelly LA, Mezulis S, Yates C, Wass M, Sternberg M (2015) The Phyre2 web portal for protein modelling, prediction, and analysis. Nat Protoc 10: 845-858. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2015-053 PMID: 25950237
48. Kanehisa M, Goto S, Sato Y, Kawashima M, Furumichi M, Tanabe M (2014) Data, information, knowledge and principle: back to metabolism in KEGG. Nucleic Acids Res 42: D199-D205. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1076 PMID: 24214961
49. Jerabek-Willemsen M, Wienken CJ, Braun D, Baaske P, Duhr S (2011) Molecular interaction studies using microscale thermophoresis. Assay Drug Dev Technol 9: 342-353. doi: 10.1089/adt.2011.0380 PMID: 21812660
50. Findlay WA, Redfield RJ (2009) Coevolution of DNA uptake sequences and bacterial proteomes. Genome Biol Evol 1: 45-55. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evp005 PMID: 20333176
51. Treangen TJ, Ambur OH, Tønjum T, Rocha EPC (2008) The impact of the neisserial DNA uptake sequences on genome evolution and stability. Genome Biol 9: R60. doi: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-3-r60 PMID: 18366792
52. Davidsen T, Rødland EA, Lagesen K, Seeberg E, Rognes T, Tønjum T (2004) Biased distribution of DNA uptake sequences towards genome maintenance genes. Nucleic Acids Res 32: 1050-1058. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh255 PMID: 14960717
53. Goodman SD, Scocca JJ (1988) Identification and arrangement of the DNA sequence recognized in specific transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 6982-6986. PMID: 3137581
54. Bromberg Y, Rost B (2007) SNAP: predict effect of non-synonymous polymorphisms on function. Nucleic Acids Res 35: 3823-3835. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkm238 PMID: 17526529
55. Raghunathan S, Ricard CS, Lohman TM, Waksman G (1997) Crystal structure of the homo-tetrameric DNA binding domain of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein determined by multi-wavelength x-ray diffraction on the selenomethionyl protein at 2.9-A resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94: 6652-6657. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6652 PMID: 9192620
56. Buss JA, Kimura Y, Bianco PR (2008) RecG interacts directly with SSB: implications for stalled replication fork regression. Nucleic Acids Res 36: 7029-7042. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn795 PMID: 18986999
57. Yu C, Tan HY, Choi M, Stanenas AJ, Byrd AK, Raney KD, et al. (2016) SSB binds to the RecG and PriA helicases in vivo in the absence of DNA. Genes to Cells 21: 163-184. doi: 10.1111/gtc.12334 PMID: 26766785
58. McGlynn P, Lloyd RG (2002) Recombinational repair and restart of damaged replication forks. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3: 859-870. doi: 10.1038/nrm951 PMID: 12415303
59. Thakur RS, Basavaraju S, Somyajit K, Jain A, Subramanya S, Muniyappa K, et al. (2013) Evidence for the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecG helicase in DNA repair and recombination. FEBS J 280: 1841-1860. doi: 10.1111/febs.12208 PMID: 23438087
60. Robu ME, Inman RB, Cox MM (2004) Situational repair of replication forks: roles of RecG and RecA proteins. J Biol Chem 279: 10973-10981. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M312184200 PMID: 14701860
61. Azeroglu B, Mawer JSP, Cockram CA, White MA, Hasan AMM, Filatenkova M, et al. (2016) RecG Directs DNA Synthesis during Double-Strand Break Repair. PLoS Genet 12: 1-23. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005799 PMID: 26872352
62. Lloyd RG, Rudolph CJ (2016) 25 years on and no end in sight: a perspective on the role of RecG protein. Curr Genet. doi: 10.1007/s00294-016-0589-z PMID: 27038615
63. Abd Wahab S, Choi M, Bianco PR (2013) Characterization of the ATPase activity of RecG and RuvAB proteins on model fork structures reveals insight into stalled DNA replication fork repair. J Biol Chem 288: 26397-26409. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.500223 PMID: 23893472
64. Dennis PP, Bremer H (1974) Differential rate of ribosomal protein synthesis in Escherichia coli B/r. J Mol Biol 84: 407-422. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90449-5 PMID: 4618855
65. Diez A, Gustavsson N, Nyström T (2000) The universal stress protein A of Escherichia coli is required for resistance to DNA damaging agents and is regulated by a RecA/FtsK-dependent regulatory pathway. Mol Microbiol 36: 1494-1503. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01979.x PMID: 10931298
66. Swanson J, Morrison S, Barrera O, Hill S (1990) Piliation changes in transformation-defective gonococci. J Exp Med 171: 2131-2139. PMID: 1972181
67. Wolfgang M, Lauer P, Park HS, Brossay L, Hebert J, Koomey M (1998) PilT mutations lead to simultaneous defects in competence for natural transformation and twitching motility in piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol Microbiol 29: 321-330. PMID: 9701824
68. Tønjum T, Freitag NE, Namork E, Koomey M (1995) Identification and characterization of pilG, a highly conserved pilus-assembly gene in pathogenic Neisseria. Mol Microbiol 16: 451-464. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02410.x PMID: 7565106
69. Helaine S, Carbonnelle E, Prouvensier L, Beretti JL, Nassif X, Pelicic V (2005) PilX, a pilus-associated protein essential for bacterial aggregation, is a key to pilus-facilitated attachment of Neisseria meningitidis to human cells. Mol Microbiol 55: 65-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04372.x PMID: 15612917
70. Seib KL, Tseng H-JJ, McEwan AG, Apicella MA, Jennings MP (2004) Defenses against oxidative stress in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis: distinctive systems for different lifestyles. J Infect Dis 190: 136-147. doi: 10.1086/421299 PMID: 15195253
71. Bus JS, Gibson JE (1984) Paraquat: model for oxidant-initiated toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 55: 37-46. PMID: 6329674
72. Moore TDE, Hill C, Carolina N (1996) Interruption of the gpxA Gene Increases the Sensitivity of Neisseria meningitidis to Paraquat. J Bacteriol 178: 4301-4305. PMID: 8763962
73. Meddows TR, Savory AP, Grove JI, Moore T, Lloyd RG (2005) RecN protein and transcription factor DksA combine to promote faithful recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Mol Microbiol 57: 97-110. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04677.x PMID: 15948952
74. Stohl EA, Seifert HS (2006) Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA recombination and repair enzymes protect against oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. J Bacteriol 188: 7645-7651. doi: 10.1128/JB.00801-06 PMID: 16936020
75. Battistoni A (2003) Role of prokaryotic Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase in pathogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 31: 1326-1329. doi:10.1042/. doi: 10.1042/ PMID: 14641055
76. Rudolph CJ, Upton AL, Lloyd RG (2009) Replication fork collisions cause pathological chromosomal amplification in cells lacking RecG DNA translocase. Mol Microbiol 74: 940-955. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06909.x PMID: 19818016
77. Masai H, Tanaka T, Kohda D (2010) Stalled replication forks: making ends meet for recognition and stabilization. Bioessays 32: 687-697. doi: 10.1002/bies.200900196 PMID: 20658707
78. Meddows TR, Savory AP, Lloyd RG (2004) RecG helicase promotes DNA double-strand break repair. Mol Microbiol 52: 119-132. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03970.x PMID: 15049815
79. Duncan T, Trewick SC, Koivisto P, Bates P, Lindahl T, Sedgwick B (2002) Reversal of DNA alkylation damage by two human dioxygenases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99: 16660-16665. doi: 10.1073/pnas.262589799 PMID: 12486230
80. Nowosielska A, Smith SA, Engelward BP, Marinus MG (2006) Homologous recombination prevents methylation-induced toxicity in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 34: 2258-2268. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl222 PMID: 16670432
81. Campbell LEEA Yasbin RE (1979) Deoxyribonucleic acid repair capacities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: absence of photoreactivation. J Bacteriol 140: 1109-1111. PMID: 118154
82. Carell T, Burgdorf LT, Kundu LM, Cichon M (2001) The mechanism of action of DNA photolyases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 5: 491-498. doi: 10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00239-8 PMID: 11578921
83. Essen LO, Klar T (2006) Light-driven DNA repair by photolyases. Cell Mol Life Sci 63: 1266-1277. doi: 10.1007/s00018-005-5447-y PMID: 16699813
84. Davidsen T, Tuven HK, Bjørås M, Rødland EA, Tønjum T (2007) Genetic interactions of DNA repair pathways in the pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. J Bacteriol 189: 5728-5737. doi: 10.1128/JB.00161-07 PMID: 17513474
85. Goosen N, Moolenaar GF (2001) Role of ATP hydrolysis by UvrA and UvrB during nucleotide excision repair. Res Microbiol 152: 401-409. doi: 10.1016/S0923-2508(01)01211-6 PMID: 11421287
86. Grossman L, Yeung AT (2007) The UvrABC endonuclease system of Escherichia coli. Mutat Res 1: 213-221.
87. Atkinson J, McGlynn P (2009) Replication fork reversal and the maintenance of genome stability. Nucleic Acids Res 37: 3475-3492. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp244 PMID: 19406929
88. Marians KJ, Pasero P, Yeeles JTP (2016) Rescuing Stalled or Damaged Replication Forks.pdf: 1-16.
89. Sechman EV, Rohrer MS, Seifert HS (2005) A genetic screen identifies genes and sites involved in pilin antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol Microbiol 57: 468-483. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04657.x PMID: 15978078
90. Zegeye ED, Balasingham SV, Laerdahl JK, Homberset H, Kristiansen PE, Tønjum T (2014) Effects of conserved residues and naturally occurring mutations on Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecG helicase activity. Microbiology 160: 217-227. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.072140-0 PMID: 24169816