Systematic review of the old and new concepts in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 22, Issue 30, 2016, Pages 6764-6775

  Gurzu, Simona ^a   Silveanu, Camelia ^a   Fetyko, Annamaria ^a   Butiurca, Vlad ^a   Kovacs, Zsolt ^a   Jung, Ioan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY   (Romania)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Budding; Chemoresistance; Colorectal cancer; Epithelial mesenchymal transition

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BORTEZOMIB; CETUXIMAB; DEXAMETHASONE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOXORUBICIN; ERLOTINIB; FLUOROURACIL; GEFITINIB; IRINOTECAN; LUMINESPIB; OXALIPLATIN; TANESPIMYCIN;

AKT GENE; ANGIOGENESIS; C KIT GENE; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COLORECTAL CANCER; CTNNB1 GENE; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG MECHANISM; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; HSP90 GENE; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; ONCOGENE; PRIMARY TUMOR; REVIEW; STEM CELL; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; METASTASIS; PATHOLOGY;

COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC;

EID: 84982126522     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6764     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Gurzu S, Turdean S, Kovecsi A, Contac AO, Jung I. Epithelialmesenchymal, mesenchymal-epithelial, and endothelialmesenchymal transitions in malignant tumors: An update. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3: 393-404 [PMID: 25984514 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i5.393]
2. Hay ED. An overview of epithelio-mesenchymal transformation. Acta Anat (Basel) 1995; 154: 8-20 [PMID: 8714286]
3. Kalluri R, Weinberg RA. The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest 2009; 119: 1420-1428 [PMID: 19487818 DOI: 10.1172/JCI39104]
4. Ding Z, Xu F, Tang J, Li G, Jiang P, Tang Z, Wu H. Physcion 8-O-ß-glucopyranoside prevents hypoxia-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer HCT116 cells by modulating EMMPRIN. Neoplasma 2016; 63: 351-361 [PMID: 26925795 DOI: 10.4149/303-150723N405]
5. Kraus S, Vay C, Baldus S, Knoefel WT, Stoecklein NH, Vallbohmer D. Expression of wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family pathway effectors in lymphatic and hepatic metastases of patients with colorectal cancer: Associations with the primary tumor. Oncol Lett 2015; 10: 863-868 [PMID: 26622584 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3291]
6. Ueno H, Shinto E, Kajiwara Y, Fukazawa S, Shimazaki H, Yamamoto J, Hase K. Prognostic impact of histological categorisation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111: 2082-2090 [PMID: 25247323 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.509]
7. Gurzu S, Serester O, Jung I. Possible neuroendocrine phenotype of poorly differentiated cell clusters in colorectal carcinoma, as a prognostic parameter. Am J Surg Pathol 2014; 38: 143-144 [PMID: 24335644 DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000118]
8. Zeisberg M, Neilson EG. Biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. J Clin Invest 2009; 119: 1429-1437 [PMID: 19487819 DOI: 10.1172/JCI36183]
9. Brabletz T, Jung A, Reu S, Porzner M, Hlubek F, Kunz-Schughart LA, Knuechel R, Kirchner T. Variable beta-catenin expression in colorectal cancers indicates tumor progression driven by the tumor environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 10356-10361 [PMID: 11526241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171610498]
10. Brabletz T. [The Rudolf Virchow Prize 2001. The role of the oncoprotein beta-catenin ni the progression of colorectal cancers]. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 2001; 85: 243-249 [PMID: 11894405]
11. Ager EI, Neo J, Nguyen L, Christophi C. Regulation of colorectal cancer cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition by the renin angiotensin system. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; Epub ahead of print [PMID: 26849969 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13307]
12. Rosivatz E, Becker I, Bamba M, Schott C, Diebold J, Mayr D, Höfler H, Becker KF. Neoexpression of N-cadherin in E-cadherin positive colon cancers. Int J Cancer 2004; 111: 711-719 [PMID: 15252840 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20317]
13. Jang TJ. Differential membranous E-cadherin expression, cell proliferation and O-GlcNAcylation between primary and metastatic nodal lesion in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212: 113-119 [PMID: 26724145 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.003]
14. Jung I, Gurzu S, Raica M, Cîmpean AM, Szentirmay Z. The differences between the endothelial area marked with CD31 and CD105 in colorectal carcinomas by computer-assisted morphometrical analysis. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2009; 50: 239-243 [PMID: 19434317]
15. Gurzu S, Jung J, Azamfirei L, Mezei T, Cîmpean AM, Szentirmay Z. The angiogenesis in colorectal carcinomas with and without lymph node metastases. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2008; 49: 149-152 [PMID: 18516319]
16. Gur zu S, C i m p e a n A M , K o v a c s J , J u n g I . C o u n t i n g of angiogenesis in colorectal carcinomas using double immunostain. Tumori 2012; 98: 485-490 [PMID: 23052166 DOI: 10.1700/1146.12644]
17. Oft M, Heider KH, Beug H. TGFbeta signaling is necessary for carcinoma cell invasiveness and metastasis. Curr Biol 1998; 8: 1243-1252 [PMID: 9822576]
18. Kim JH, Hwang YJ, Han SH, Lee YE, Kim S, Kim YJ, Cho JH, Kwon KA, Kim JH, Kim SH. Dexamethasone inhibits hypoxiainduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 9887-9899 [PMID: 26379394 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9887]
19. Suman S, Das TP, Sirimulla S, Alatassi H, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Withaferin-A suppress AKT induced tumor growth in colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7: 13854-13864 [PMID: 26883103 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7351]
20. Sun B, Gu X, Chen Z, Xiang J. MiR-610 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in colorectal cancer by repressing hepatoma-derived growth factor. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5: 3635-3644 [PMID: 26885452]
21. Hu HJ, Lin XL, Liu MH, Fan XJ, Zou WW. Curcumin mediates reversion of HGF-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via inhibition of c-Met expression in DU145 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11: 1499-1505 [PMID: 26893768 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4063]
22. Zhang J, Zhu L, Fang J, Ge Z, Li X. LRG1 modulates epithelialmesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer via HIF-1a activation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35: 29 [PMID: 26856989 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0306-2]
23. Lv JH, Wang F, Shen MH, Wang X, Zhou XJ. SATB1 expression is correlated with ß-catenin associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17: 254-261 [PMID: 26810818 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1139239]
24. Yang Z, Liu S, Zhu M, Zhang H, Wang J, Xu Q, Lin K, Zhou X, Tao M, Li C, Zhu H. PS341 inhibits hepatocellular and colorectal cancer cells through the FOXO3/CTNNB1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 22090 [PMID: 26915315 DOI: 10.1038/srep22090]
25. Kao CY, Yang PM, Wu MH, Huang CC, Lee YC, Lee KH. Heat shock protein 90 is involved in the regulation of HMGA2-driven growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells. PeerJ 2016; 4: E1683 [PMID: 26893968 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1683]
26. Liu X, Ban LL, Luo G, Li ZY, Li YF, Zhou YC, Wang XC, Jin CG, Ye JG, Ma DD, Xie Q, Huang YG. Acquired resistance to HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG and increased metastatic potential are associated with MUC1 expression in colon carcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27: 417-426 [PMID: 26872308]
27. Matsuda Y, Miura K, Yamane J, Shima H, Fujibuchi W, Ishida K, Fujishima F, Ohnuma S, Sasaki H, Nagao M, Tanaka N, Satoh K, Naitoh T, Unno M. SERPINI1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in an orthotopic implantation model of colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2016; 107: 619-628 [PMID: 26892864 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12909]
28. Moor AE, Anderle P, Cant? C, Rodriguez P, Wiedemann N, Baruthio F, Deka J, Andr? S, Valenta T, Moor MB, Gyorffy B, Barras D, Delorenzi M, Basler K, Aguet M. BCL9/9L-ß-catenin Signaling is Associated With Poor Outcome in Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2015; 2: 1932-1943 [PMID: 26844272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.10.030]
29. Qin Y, Tang B, Hu CJ, Xiao YF, Xie R, Yong X, Wu YY, Dong H, Yang SM. An hTERT/ZEB1 complex directly regulates E-cadherin to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7: 351-361 [PMID: 26540342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5968]
30. Shim AR, Dong GZ, Lee HJ, Ryu JH. Atractylochromene Is a Repressor of Wnt/ß-Catenin Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23: 26-30 [PMID: 25593640 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.095]
31. Yao C, Su L, Shan J, Zhu C, Liu L, Liu C, Xu Y, Yang Z, Bian X, Shao J, Li J, Lai M, Shen J, Qian C. IGF/STAT3/NANOG/Slug Signaling Axis Simultaneously Controls Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness Maintenance in Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells 2016; 34: 820-831 [PMID: 26840943 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2320]
32. Li C, Wang J, Kong J, Tang J, Wu Y, Xu E, Zhang H, Lai M. GDF15 promotes EMT and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7: 860-872 [PMID: 26497212 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6205]
33. Ding C, Luo J, Li L, Li S, Yang L, Pan H, Liu Q, Qin H, Chen C, Feng J. Gab2 facilitates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the MEK/ERK/MMP signaling in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35: 5 [PMID: 26754532 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0280-0]
34. Tan J, Yang S, Shen P, Sun H, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wu B, Ji F, Yan J, Xue H, Zhou D. C-kit signaling promotes proliferation and invasion of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a murine model. Oncotarget 2015; 6: 27037-27048 [PMID: 26356816 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4815]
35. Chanrion M, Kuperstein I, Barrière C, El Marjou F, Cohen D, Vignjevic D, Stimmer L, Paul-Gilloteaux P, Bièche I, Tavares Sdos R, Boccia GF, Cacheux W, Meseure D, Fre S, Martignetti L, Legoix-Né P, Girard E, Fetler L, Barillot E, Louvard D, Zinovyev A, Robine S. Concomitant Notch activation and p53 deletion trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in mouse gut. Nat Commun 2014; 5: 5005 [PMID: 25295490 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6005]
36. Jiang X, Kim KJ, Ha T, Lee SH. Potential Dual Role of Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Colorectal Cancer. Anticancer Res 2016; 36: 509-516 [PMID: 26851004]
37. Han YT, Chen XH, Gao H, Ye JL, Wang CB. Physcion inhibits the metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer SW620 cells in vitro by suppressing the transcription factor SOX2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37: 264-275 [PMID: 26707141 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.115]
38. Fazio C, Piazzi G, Vitaglione P, Fogliano V, Munarini A, Prossomariti A, Milazzo M, D'Angelo L, Napolitano M, Chieco P, Belluzzi A, Bazzoli F, Ricciardiello L. Inflammation increases NOTCH1 activity via MMP9 and is counteracted by Eicosapentaenoic Acid-free fatty acid in colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 20670 [PMID: 26864323 DOI: 10.1038/srep20670]
39. Sun J, Ding C, Yang Z, Liu T, Zhang X, Zhao C, Wang J. The long non-coding RNA TUG1 indicates a poor prognosis for colorectal cancer and promotes metastasis by affecting epithelialmesenchymal transition. J Transl Med 2016; 14: 42 [PMID: 26856330 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0786-z]
40. Song MS, Rossi JJ. The anti-miR21 antagomir, a therapeutic tool for colorectal cancer, has a potential synergistic effect by perturbing an angiogenesis-associated miR30. Front Genet 2014; 4: 301 [PMID: 24427170 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00301]
41. Yan X, Xu H, Yan Z. Functional perspective and implications of gene expression by noncoding RNAs. Cancer Transl Med 2015; 1: 137-152
42. Shan TD, Xu JH, Yu T, Li JY, Zhao LN, Ouyang H, Luo S, Lu XJ, Huang CZ, Lan QS, Zhong W, Chen QK. Knockdown of linc- POU3F3 suppresses the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration resistance of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7: 961-975 [PMID: 26510906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5830]
43. Liang WC, Fu WM, Wong CW, Wang Y, Wang WM, Hu GX, Zhang L, Xiao LJ, Wan DC, Zhang JF, Waye MM. The lncRNA H19 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition by functioning as miRNA sponges in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6: 22513-22525 [PMID: 26068968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4154]
44. Guo Q, Zhao Y, Chen J, Hu J, Wang S, Zhang D, Sun Y. BRAFactivated long non-coding RNA contributes to colorectal cancer migration by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2014; 8: 869-875 [PMID: 25013510 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2154]
45. Zhang F, Luo Y, Shao Z, Xu L, Liu X, Niu Y, Shi J, Sun X, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhao L. MicroRNA-187, a downstream effector of TGFß pathway, suppresses Smad-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 373: 203-213 [PMID: 26820227 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.037]
46. Sipos F, Galamb O. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymalto- epithelial transitions in the colon. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 601-608 [PMID: 22363130 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i7.601]
47. Hur K, Toiyama Y, Takahashi M, Balaguer F, Nagasaka T, Koike J, Hemmi H, Koi M, Boland CR, Goel A. MicroRNA-200c modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human colorectal cancer metastasis. Gut 2013; 62: 1315-1326 [PMID: 22735571 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301846]
48. Zhang JX, Mai SJ, Huang XX, Wang FW, Liao YJ, Lin MC, Kung HF, Zeng YX, Xie D. MiR-29c mediates epithelial-tomesenchymal transition in human colorectal carcinoma metastasis via PTP4A and GNA13 regulation of ß-catenin signaling. Ann Oncol 2014; 25: 2196-2204 [PMID: 25193986 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu439]
49. Meng X, Wu J, Pan C, Wang H, Ying X, Zhou Y, Yu H, Zuo Y, Pan Z, Liu RY, Huang W. Genetic and epigenetic down-regulation of microRNA-212 promotes colorectal tumor metastasis via dysregulation of MnSOD. Gastroenterology 2013; 145: 426-436. e1-6 [PMID: 23583431 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.04.004]
50. Xu T, Jing C, Shi Y, Miao R, Peng L, Kong S, Ma Y, Li L. microRNA-20a enhances the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by modulating matrix metalloproteinases. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10: 683-688 [PMID: 26622375 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2538]
51. Zheng L, Zhang Y, Lin S, Sun A, Chen R, Ding Y, Ding Y. Downregualtion of miR-106b induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition but suppresses metastatic colonization by targeting Prrx1 in colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8: 10534-10544 [PMID: 26617763]
52. Tanaka S, Hosokawa M, Yonezawa T, Hayashi W, Ueda K, Iwakawa S. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and down-regulation of miR-200c and miR-141 in oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38: 435-440 [PMID: 25757925 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00695]
53. Wu S, Fesler A, Ju J. Implications of circadian rhythm regulation by microRNAs in colorectal cancer. Cancer Transl Med 2016; 2: 1-6
54. Zhao X, Fan J, Zhi F, Li A, Li C, Berger AE, Boorgula MP, Barkataki S, Courneya JP, Chen Y, Barnes KC, Cheadle C. Mobilization of epithelial mesenchymal transition genes distinguishes active from inactive lesional tissue in patients with ulcerative colitis. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24: 4615-4624 [PMID: 26034135 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv192]
55. Shioiri M, Shida T, Koda K, Oda K, Seike K, Nishimura M, Takano S, Miyazaki M. Slug expression is an independent prognostic parameter for poor survival in colorectal carcinoma patients. Br J Cancer 2006; 94: 1816-1822 [PMID: 16773075 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603193]
56. Herrera A, Herrera M, Alba-Castellón L, Silva J, García V, Loubat-Casanovas J, Alvarez-Cienfuegos A, Miguel García J, Rodriguez R, Gil B, Ma Jesús Citores J, de Herreros AG, Bonilla F, Peña C. Protumorigenic effects of Snail-expression fibroblasts on colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2014; 134: 2984-2990 [PMID: 24242829 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28613]
57. Deng JJ, Zhang W, Xu XM, Zhang F, Tao WP, Ye JJ, Ge W. Twist mediates an aggressive phenotype in human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48: 1117-1124 [PMID: 26782761 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3342]
58. Galván JA, Helbling M, Koelzer VH, Tschan MP, Berger MD, Hädrich M, Schnüriger B, Karamitopoulou E, Dawson H, Inderbitzin D, Lugli A, Zlobec I. TWIST1 and TWIST2 promoter methylation and protein expression in tumor stroma influence the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like tumor budding phenotype in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6: 874-885 [PMID: 25528769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2716]
59. Lv L, Liu HG, Dong SY, Yang F, Wang QX, Guo GL, Pan YF, Zhang XH. Upregulation of CD44v6 contributes to acquired chemoresistance via the modulation of autophagy in colon cancer SW480 cells. Tumour Biol 2016; Epub ahead of print [PMID: 26747179]
60. Min J, Liu L, Li X, Jiang J, Wang J, Zhang B, Cao D, Yu D, Tao D, Hu J, Gong J, Xie D. Absence of DAB2IP promotes cancer stem cell like signatures and indicates poor survival outcome in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 16578 [PMID: 26564738 DOI: 10.1038/srep16578]
61. Busch EL, Keku TO, Richardson DB, Cohen SM, Eberhard DA, Avery CL, Sandler RS. Evaluating markers of epithelialmesenchymal transition to identify cancer patients at risk for metastatic disease. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33: 53-62 [PMID: 26507436 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9757-7]
62. Tóth E, Serester O, Gallai M, Gurzu S, Jung I, Szentirmay Z. Molecular pathways and pathomorphology of colorectal cancers. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2011; 52: 767-773 [PMID: 21892517]
63. Gurzu S, Szentirmay Z, Toth E, Bara T, Bara T, Jung I. Serrated pathway adenocarcinomas: Molecular and immunohistochemical insights into their recognition. PLoS One 2013; 8: E57699 [PMID: 23469219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057699]
64. Gurzu S, Szentirmay Z, Jung I. Molecular classification of colorectal cancer: A dream that can become a reality. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2013; 54: 241-245 [PMID: 23771065]
65. Gurzu S, Szentirmay Z, Toth E, Jung I. Possible predictive value of maspin expression in colorectal cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2013; 8: 183-190 [PMID: 22963136 DOI: 10.2174/1 574892811308020006]
66. Alam SK, Yadav VK, Bajaj S, Datta A, Dutta SK, Bhattacharyya M, Bhattacharya S, Debnath S, Roy S, Boardman LA, Smyrk TC, Molina JR, Chakrabarti S, Chowdhury S, Mukhopadhyay D, Roychoudhury S. DNA damage-induced ephrin-B2 reverse signaling promotes chemoresistance and drives EMT in colorectal carcinoma harboring mutant p53. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23: 707-722 [PMID: 26494468 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.133]
67. Bao Y, Lu Y, Wang X, Feng W, Sun X, Guo H, Tang C, Zhang X, Shi Q, Yu H. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2) regulates chemoresistance in colorectal cancer through epithelial mesenchymal transition. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15: 109 [PMID: 26581310 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0250-9]
68. Jiao L, Li DD, Yang CL, Peng RQ, Guo YQ, Zhang XS, Zhu XF. Reactive oxygen species mediate oxaliplatin-induced epithelialmesenchymal transition and invasive potential in colon cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37: 8413-8423 [PMID: 26733168]
69. Kawamoto A, Yokoe T, Tanaka K, Saigusa S, Toiyama Y, Yasuda H, Inoue Y, Miki C, Kusunoki M. Radiation induces epithelialmesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 27: 51-57 [PMID: 21971767 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1485]
70. Campisi J, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Cellular senescence: When bad things happen to good cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8: 729-740 [PMID: 17667954 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2233]
71. Tato-Costa J, Casimiro S, Pacheco T, Pires R, Fernandes A, Alho I, Pereira P, Costa P, Castelo HB, Ferreira J, Costa L. Therapy- Induced Cellular Senescence Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Increases Invasiveness in Rectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15: 170-178.e3 [PMID: 26603055 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.09.003]
72. Brand TM, Iida M, Wheeler DL. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11: 777-792 [PMID: 21293176 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.9.15050]
73. Han S, B u i N T, H o M T, K i m Y M , C h o M , S h i n D B . Dexamethasone Inhibits TGF-ß1-Induced Cell Migration by Regulating the ERK and AKT Pathways in Human Colon Cancer Cells Via CYR61. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 48: 1141-1153 [PMID: 26693911 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2015.209]
74. Bocca C, Bozzo F, Cannito S, Parola M, Miglietta A. Celecoxib inactivates epithelial-mesenchymal transition stimulated by hypoxia and/or epidermal growth factor in colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2012; 51: 783-795 [PMID: 21882253 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20846]