Social interaction processes in healthcare contexts

Interpersonal Communication

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 493-515

  Duggan, Ashley P ^a   Thompson, Teresa L ^b  

^a BOSTON COLLEGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Health contexts; Health outcomes; Healthcare; Illness; Provider patient; Relationship centered

Indexed keywords

EID: 84979176711     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1515/9783110276794.493     Document Type: Chapter

References (125)

1. Afifi, Walid A. and Christopher R. Morse. 2009. Expanding the role of emotion in the theory of motivated information management. In Tamara D. Afifi and Walid A. Afifi (eds.), Uncertainty, information management, and disclosure decisions (pp. 87-105). New York: Routledge.
2. Afifi, Walid A. and Judith L. Weiner. 2006. Seeking information about sexual health: Applying the theory of motivated information management. Human Communication Research 32: 35-57.
3. Ambady, Nalini, Debi LaPlante, Thai Nguyen, Robert Rosenthal, Norm Chaumeton, and Wendy Levinson. 2002. Surgeons' tone of voice: A clue to malpractice history. Surgery 132: 5-9.
4. Balint, Enid. 1969. The possibilities of patient-centered medicine. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 17: 269-276.
5. Babrow, Austin S. 1992. Communication and problematic integration: Understanding anddiverging probability and value, ambiguity, ambivalence, and impossibility. Communication Theory 2, 95-130.
6. Babrow, Austin S., Christopher R. Kasch, and Leigh A. Ford. 1998. The many meanings of uncertainty in illness: Toward a systematic accounting. Health Communication 10: 1-23.
7. Babrow, Austin S. and Marianne S. Matthias. 2009. Generally unseen challenges in uncertainty management: An application of problematic integration theory. In T. D. Afifi and W. A. Afifi (eds.), Uncertainty, information management, and disclosure decisions (pp. 9-25). New York: Routledge.
8. Bao, Yuhua, Sara A. Fox, and Jose J. Escarce. 2007. Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in the discussion of cancer screening: “Between-” versus “within-” physician differences. Health Services Research 42: 950-970.
9. Beach, Mary Catherine, Thomas Inui, and the Relationship-Centered Care Research Network (Richard Frankel, Judith Hall, Paul Haidet, Debra Roter, Howard Beckman, Lisa A. Cooper, William Miller, Dave Mossbarger, Dana Safran, Dave Sluyter, Howard Stein, and Penny Williamson). 2006. Relationship-centered care: A constructive reframing. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21(S1): S3-S8.
10. Beach, Mary C., Jeanne Keruly, and Richard D. Moore. 2006. Is the quality of the patient-provider relationship associated with better adherence and improved health outcomes for patients with HIV? Journal of General Internal Medicine 21: 661-665.
11. Beckman, Howard. 1995. Communication and malpractice: Why patients sue their physicians. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 62(2): 85-89.
12. Beckman, Howard, Sherrie H. Kaplan, and Richard Frankel. 1989. Outcome-based research on doctor-patient communication: A review. In Moira Stewart and Debra Roter (eds.), Communicating with medical patients (pp. 223-227). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13. Beckman, Howard B. and Richard M. Frankel. 1984. The effect of physician behavior on the collection of data. Annals of Internal Medicine 101: 692-696.
14. Berger, Charles R. and Richard Calabrese. 1975. Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research 1: 99-112.
15. Berlin, Leonard. 2007. Communicating results of all diagnostic radiological examinations directly to patients: Has the time come? American Journal of Radiology 189: 1275-1282.
16. Bertakis, Klea. D., Debra Roter and Samuel M. Putnam. 1991. The relationship of physician medical interview style to patient satisfaction. Journal of Family Practice 32: 175-181.
17. Brandi, Cheryl L. 2000. Relationships between nurse executives and physicians: The gender paradox in healthcare. Journal of Nursing Administration 30: 373-378.
18. Borrell-Carrio, Francesc, Anthony L. Suchman, and Ronald M. Epstein. 2004. The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: Principles, practice, and scientific inquiry. Annals of Family Medicine 2(6): 576-582.
19. Brashers, Dale E. 2001. Communication and uncertainty management. Journal of Communication 51: 477-497.
20. Brashers, Dale E. 2007. A theory of communication and uncertainty management. In BryanWhaley and Wendy Samter (ed.), Explaining communication theory (pp. 201-218). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
21. Brashers, Dale E., Deanna J. Goldsmith, and Elaine Hsieh. 2002. Information seeking and avoiding in health contexts. Human Communication Research 28: 258-271.
22. Brown, Judith Belle, Moira Stewart, Eric McCracken, Ian R. McWhinney, and Joseph Levenstein. 1986. The patient-centered clinical method. Volume 2: Definition and application. Family Practice 3, 75-79.
23. Carr-Hill, Roy. A. 1992. The measurement of patient satisfaction. Journal of Public Health Medicine 14: 236-249.
24. Chan, Wallace C. 2011. Being aware of the prognosis: How does it relate to palliative care patients' anxiety and communication difficulty with family members in the Hong Kong Chinese context? Journal of Palliative Medicine 14: 997-1003.
25. Charon, Rita. 2009. Narrative medicine as witness for the self-telling body. Journal of Applied Communication Research 37: 118-131.
26. Chiu, Yu-Chan, Katherine C. Smith, Laura Morlock, and Lawrence Wissow. 2007. Gifts, bribes and solicitions [sic]: Print media and the social construction of informal payments to doctors in Taiwan. Social Science and Medicine 63: 521-5330.
27. Chant, S., Jenkinson, T., Randle, J., Russell, G. and Webb, C. 2002. Communication skills training in healthcare: A review of the literature. Nurse Education Today 22: 189-202.
28. Cohen, Marsha. 1993. Diagnostic closure and the spread of uncertainty. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing 16: 135-146.
29. Curtis, Kate, Arthur Tzannes, and Thomas Rudge. 2011. How to talk to doctors - A guide for effective communication. International Nursing Review 58: 13-20.
30. Davidhizar, Ruth, Helen Policinski, and Mary Bowen. 1990. The difficult doctor. Today’s Operating Room Nurse, 12: 28-30.
31. Davis, Karen, Stephen C. Schoenbaum, and Anne-Marie Audet. 2005. A 2020 vision of patient-centered primary care. Journal of General Internal Medicine 20: 953-957.
32. de Bie, Roosmarie P., Leon F. Massuger, Charlotte H. Lenselink, Yvon H. Derksen, Judith B. Prins, and Ruud L. Bekkers. 2011. The role of individually targeted information to reduce anxiety before colposcopy: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 118: 945-950.
33. DiMatteo, M. Robin and Ron Hays. 1980. The significance of patients' perceptions of physician conduct: A study of patient satisfaction in a family practice center. Journal of Community Health 6: 18-34.
34. Drotar, Dennis. 2009. Physician behavior in the care of pediatric chronic illness: Association with health outcomes and treatment adherence. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 30: 246-254.
35. Duffy, F. Daniel, Geoffrey H. Gordon, Greg Whelan, Kathy Cole-Kelly, Richard Frankel, Nancy Buffone, Susan Lofton, Mark Wallace, Louis B. Goode, and L. Langdon. 2004. Assessing competence in communication and interpersonal skills: The Kalamazoo II report. Academic Medicine 79: 495-50.
36. Duggan, Ashley P., Ylizabyth S. Bradshaw, and Wayen Altman. 2010. How do I ask about your disability? An examination of interpersonal communication processes between medical students and patients with disabilities. Journal of Health Communication 15: 334-350.
37. Duggan, Ashley, Ylisabyth S. Bradshaw, Shannon E. Carroll, Sara H. Rattigan, Wayne Altman. 2009. What can I learn from this interaction? A qualitative analysis of medical student self reflection and learning in a standardized patient exercise about disability. Journal of Health Communication 14: 797-811.
38. Duggan, Ashley P., Ylisabyth S. Bradshaw, Natalie Swergold, and Wayne Altman. 2011. When rapport-building extends beyond affiliation: Communication over-accommodation toward patients with disabilities. The Permanente 15(2): 23-30.
39. Duggan, Ashley P., and Roxanne L. Parrott. 2001. Physicians' nonverbal rapport building and patients' talk about the subjective component of illness. Human Communication Research 27: 299-311.
40. nd ed. (pp. 414-427). New York: Routledge.
41. Engel, George L. 1977. The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science 196: 129-136.
42. Epstein, Ronald. M. and Richard L. Street, Jr. 2007. Patient-centered communication in cancer care: Promoting healing and reducing suffering. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication Number 07-6225.
43. Finney Rutten, Lila J., Erik Augustson, and Kaye Wanke. 2006. Factors associated with patients' perceptions of health care providers' communication behavior. Journal of Health Communication 11(Supplement): 135-146.
44. Fox, Sarah A., John Heritage, Susan E. Stockdale, Steven M. Asch, Naihua Duan, and Steven P. Reise. 2009. Cancer screening adherence: Does physician-patient communication matter? Patient Education and Counseling 75: 178-184.
45. Foster, Terrah L., Mary Jo Gilmer, Kathryn Vannatta, Maru Barrera, Betty Davies, Mary S. Dietrich, Diane Fairclough, and Cynthia A. Gearhardt. 2012. Changes in siblings after the death of a child from cancer. Cancer Nursing 35: 347-354.
46. Frankel, Richard M., Florence Eddins-Folensbee, and Thomas S. Inui. 2011. Crossing the patient-centered divide: Transforming health care quality through enhanced faculty development. Academic Medicine 86: 445-452.
47. Frederickson, Ronald H. 1992. The social status rankings of occupations in the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and the United States. Career Development Quarterly 41: 351-360.
48. Frojd, Camilla, Claudia Lampic, Gunnel Larsson, Gunnar Birgegard and Louise von Essen. 2007. Patient attitudes, behaviours, and other factors considered by doctors when estimating cancer patients' anxiety and desire for information. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 21: 523-529.
49. Galil, Aharon, Yaacov G. Bachner, Joav Merrick, Hagit Flusser, Hasia Lubetzky, Nurit Heiman, and Sara Carmel. 2006. Physician-parent communication as predictor of parent satisfaction with child development services. Research in Developmental Disabilities 27: 233-242.
50. Goldsmith, Deanna J. 2004. Communicating social support. New York: Cambridge.
51. nd ed. New York: Taylor & Francis. 441-454.
52. Griffin, Simon J., Anne-Louise Kinmonth, Marijcke W. M. Veltman, Susan Gillard, Julie Grant, and Moira Stewart. 2004. Effect on health-related outcomes of interventions to alter the interaction between patients and practitioners: A systematic review of trials. Annals of Family Medicine 2: 595-608.
53. Grumbach, Kevin, Dennis Osmond, Karen Vranizan, Debra Jaffe, and Andrew B. Bindman. 1998. Primary care physicians' experience of financial incentives in managed-care systems. New England Journal of Medicine 339: 1516-1521.
54. Gudykunst, William. 2005. An anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory of effective communication: Making the mesh of the net finer. In William B. Gudykunst (ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 281-322) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
55. Gwyn, Richard and Glyn Elwyn. 1999. When is a shared decision not (quite) a shared decision? Negotiating preferences in a general practice encounter. Social Science & Medicine, 49: 437-447.
56. Haidet, Paul, David S. Hatem, Mary Lynn Fecile, Howard F. Stein, Heather Lyn Haley, Barbara Kimmel, David L. Mossbarger, and Thomas S. Inui. 2008. The role of relationships in the professional formation of physicians: Case report and illustration of an elicitation technique. Patient Education and Counseling 72: 382-387.
57. Hall, Judith A., Michael A. Milburn, Debra L. Roter, and Lawren H. Daltroy. 1998. Why are sicker patients less satisfied with their medical care? Tests of two explanatory models. Health Psychology 17: 70-75.
58. Hankivsky, Olena, Colleen Reid, Renee, Cormier, C. Varcoe, Natalie Clark, Cecelia Benoit, and Shari Brotman. 2010. Exploring the promises of intersectionality for advancing women's health research. International Journal of Health Equity 9: 5.
59. Hannawa, Annegret. 2009. Negotiating medical virtues: Toward the development of a physician mistake disclosure (PMD) model. Health Communication 24: 391-399.
60. Haskard, Kelly B., Summer L. Williams, Robin M. DiMatteo, Robert Rosenthal, Masel K. White, and Michael G. Goldstein. 2008. Physician and patient communication training in primary care: Effects on participation and satisfaction. Health Psychology 27: 513-522.
61. Hausman, Angela. 2004. Modeling the patient-physician service encounter: Improving patient outcomes. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 32: 403-417.
62. Hickson, Gerald B., Ellen W. Clayton, Penny B. Githens, and Frank A. Sloan. 1992. Factors that prompted families to file medical malpractice claims following perinatal injuries. Journal of the American Medical Association 267: 1359-1363.
63. Hickson, Gerald B. and Stephen S. Entman. 2008. Physician behavior and litigation risk: Evidence and opportunity. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology 51: 688-699.
64. Hilden, Hanna M. and Marja L. Honkasalo. 2006. Unethical bunglers or humane professionals? Discussions in the media of end-of-life treatment decisions. Communication and Medicine 3: 125-134.
65. Hulsman, Robert. L., Wynand J. G. Ros, Jacques A. M. Winnubst, and Jozien M. Bensing. 1999. The effectiveness of a computer-assisted instruction programme on communication skills of medical specialists in oncology. Medical Education 33: 655-668.
66. st Century. Vol. 6. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
67. Kaplan, Sherrie H., Sheila Greenfield, and John E. Ware. 1989. Assessing the effects of physician-patient interactions on the outcomes of chronic disease. Medical Care 27: S110-S127.
68. Kasman, Deborah L. 2004. Socialization in medical training: Exploring “lifelong curiosity” and a “community of support”. American Journal of Bioethics 4: 52-55.
69. Kenny, David A., Wemke Veldhuijzen, Trudy van der Weijden, Annie LeBlanc, Jocelyn Lockyer, France Legare, and Craig Campbell. 2010. Interpersonal perception in the context of doctor-patient relationships: A dyadic analysis of doctor-patient communication. Social Science and Medicine 70: 763-768.
70. Korsch, Barbara M., Ethel K. Gozzi, and Vida Francis. 1968. Gaps in doctor-patient communication. Pediatrics 42: 855-871.
71. Krasner, Michael, Ronald M. Epstein, Howard Beckman, Anthony L. Suchman, Benjamin Chapman, Christopher J. Mooney, and Timothy E. Quill. 2009. Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians. Journal of the American Medical Association 302: 1284-1293.
72. Lang, F., M. R. Floyd, and K. L. Beine. 2000. Clues to patients' explanations and concerns about their illnesses. Archives of Family Medicine 9: 222-227.
73. Lakatos, Peter L. 2009. Prevalence, predictors, and clinical consequences of medical adherence in IBD: How to improve it? World Journal of Gastroenterology 15: 4234-4239.
74. Levinson, Wendy, Debra L. Roter, John P. Mullooly, Valerie T. Dull, and Richard M. Frankel. 1997. Physician-patient communication: The relationship with malpractice claims among primary care and surgeons. Journal of the American Medical Association 277: 553-559.
75. Marvel, M. Kim, Ronald M. Epstein, Kristine Flowers, and Howard B. Beckman. 1999. Soliciting the patient's agenda: Have we improved? Journal of the American Medical Association 281: 283-287.
76. Mello, Susan, Andy Tan, Katrina Armstrong, J. Sanford Schwartz, and Robert Hornik. In press. Anxiety and depression among cancer survivors: The role of engagement with sources of emotional support information. Health Communication 28.
77. Mishel, Merle H. 1990. Reconceptualization of uncertainty in illness theory. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 22: 256-262.
78. Mishler, Elliot G. 1985. The discourse of medicine: The dialectics of medical interviews. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
79. Morse, Christopher, Walid Afifi, Susan E. Morgan, Michael E. Stephenson, Tom Reichert, Tyler Harrison, and Sean Long. 2009. Religiosity, anxiety, and discussions about organ donation: Understanding a complex system of associations. Health Communication 24: 156-164.
80. Murak, Gerry. 2004. Obtaining input with urgency. Occupational Health & Safety 73: 20-21.
81. Nichols, James D. 2003. Lawyer's advice on physician conduct with malpractice cases. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 407: 14-18.
82. Norman, Ishamel D., Moses K. Aikins, and Fred N. Binka. 2011. Ethics and electronic health information technology: Challenges for evidence-based medicine and the physician-patient relationship. Ghana Medical Journal 45: 115-24.
83. Ommen, Oliver, Sonja Thuem, Holger Pfaff, and Christian Janssen. 2011. The relationship between social support, shared decision-making and patient's trust in doctors: A crosssectional survey of 2,197 inpatients using the Cologne Patient Questionnaire. International Journal for Public Health 56: 319-327.
84. Ong, L. M. L., M. R. M. Visser, F. B. Lammes, and J. C. J. M. de Haes. 2000. Doctor-patient communication and cancer patients' quality of life and satisfaction. Patient Education and Counseling 41: 145-156.
85. Paasche-Orlow Michael and Debra Roter. 2003. The communication patterns of internal medicine and family practice physicians. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 16: 485-493.
86. nd ed.) (pp. 363-376). New York: Routledge.
87. Pecchioni, Lorraine, Teresa L. Thompson, and Dustin Anderson. 2006. Interrelationships between family and health communication. In Lynn H. Turner and Richard West (eds.), The family communication sourcebook (pp. 447-468). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
88. Petronio, Sandra. 2002. Boundaries of privacy: Dialectics of disclosure. Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York.
89. Petronio, Sandra. 2006. Impact of medical mistakes: Negotiating work-family boundaries for physicians. Communication Monographs 73: 462-467.
90. Petronio, Sandra, Jack Sargent, Laura Andea, Peggy Reganis, and David Cichocki. 2004. Family and friends as informal healthcare advocates. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 21: 33-52.
91. Pew-Fetzer Task Force on Advancing Psychosocial Health Education. 1994. Health professionals education and relationship-centered care. San Francisco: Pew Health Professionals Commission.
92. Pieterse, Arwen H., Alexander M. van Dulmen, Frits A. Beemer, Jozien M. Bensing, and Margreet G. Ausems. 2007. Cancer genetic counseling: Communication and counselees' post-visit satisfaction, cognitions, anxiety, and needs fulfillment. Journal of Genetic Counseling 16: 85-96.
93. Pillow, David R., Alex J. Zautra, and Irwin Sandler. 1996. Major life events and minor stressors. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology 70: 381-394.
94. Police, Rachel L., Talia Foster, and Ken S. Wong. 2010. Adoption and use of health information technology in physician practice organisations: Systematic review. Informatics in Primary Care 18: 245-258.
95. Politi, Mary C., and France Legare. 2010. Physicians' reactions to uncertainty in the context of shared decision making. Patient Education and Counseling 80: 155-157.
96. Riess, Helen, John M. Kelley, Robert W. Bailey, Emily J. Dunn, and Margot Phillips. 2012. Empathy training for resident physicians: A randomized controlled trial of a neuroscience-informed curriculum. Journal of General Internal Medicine 27: 1280-1286.
97. Roter, Debra L., and Judith A. Hall. 2009. Communication and adherence: Moving from prediction to understanding. Medical Care 47: 823-825.
98. Roter, Debra L., Judith A. Hall, and Nancy R. Katz. 1987. Relations between physicians' behaviors and analogue patients' satisfaction, recall, and impressions. Medical Care 25: 437-451.
99. Roter, Debra L., Moira Stewart, Samuel M. Putnam, Michael Lipkin, William Stiles, and Thomas S. Inui. 1997. Communication patterns of primary care physicians. Journal of the American Medical Association 227: 350-356.
100. Schoenthaler, Antoinette, William F. Chaplin, John P. Allegrante, Senada Fernandez, Marleny Diaz-Gloster, Jonathan N. Tobin, and Gbenga Ogedegbe. 2009. Provider communication effects medication adherence in hypotensive African Americans. Patient Education and Counseling 75: 185-191.
101. Schofield, P. E., P.N. Butow, J. F. Thompson, M. H. N. Tattersall, L. J. Beeney, and S. M. Dunn. 2003. Psychological responses of patients receiving a diagnosis of cancer. Annals of Oncology 14: 48-56.
102. nd ed.) (pp. 36-52). New York: Routledge.
103. Skoumal, S. M., S. R. Florell, M. K. Bydalek, and W. J. Hunter. 1996. Malpractice protection: Communication of diagnostic uncertainty. Diagnostic Cytopathology 14: 385-389.
104. Smallwood, Nick. 2010. Poorest people are more likely to die in hospital. British Medical Journal 341: c4518.
105. nd ed.) (pp. 455-468). New York: Routledge.
106. Sousa, Liliana. 2007. Beliefs and values of family doctors and multi-problem poor clients. Quality in Primary Care 15: 277-283.
107. Stewart, Moira. 2001. Towards a global definition of patient-centered care. British Medical Journal 322: 444-455.
108. Strauman, Elena C. and Bethany C. Goodier. 2011. The doctor(s) in house: An analysis of the evolution of the television doctor-hero. Journal of Medical Humanities 32: 31-46.
109. Street, Richard L., Gregory Makoul, Neeraj K. Arora, and Ronald M. Epstein. 2009. How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician-patient communication to health outcomes. Patient Education and Counseling 74: 295-301.
110. Suchman, Anthony L. 2006. A new theoretical foundation for relationship-centered care: Complex responsive processes of relating. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21(S1): S40-44.
111. th ed.) (pp. 633-678). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
112. Ulrey, Kelsy L., and Patricia Amason. 2001. Intercultural communication between patients and health care providers: An exploration of intercultural communication effectiveness, cultural sensitivity, and anxiety. Health Communication 13: 449-463.
113. Veltman, A., D. E. Stewart, G. S. Tardif, and M. Branigan. 2001. Perceptions of primary healthcare services among people with physical disabilities. Part 1: Access issues. Medscape General Medicine 3: 1-4.
114. Vukmir, Rade B. 2004. Medical malpractice: Managing the risk. Medicine and Law 25: 495-513.
115. Weaver, Michael J., Cathy L. Ow, Debra J. Walker, and Ernest F. Degenhardt. 1993. A questionnaire for patients' evaluations of their physicians' humanistic behaviors. Journal of General Internal Medicine 8, 135-139.
116. Weng, Hui C. 2009. A multisource and repeated measure approach to assessing patient-physician relationship and patient satisfaction. Evaluation and the Health Professions 32: 128-143.
117. Winefield, Helen R., and Anna Chur-Hansen. 2000. Evaluating the outcome of communication skill teaching for entry-level medical students: Does knowledge of empathy increase? Medical Education 34: 90-94.
118. Wissow, Lawrence S. 2004. Patient communication and malpractice: Where are we now? Patient Education & Counseling 52: 3-5.
119. Wouda, Jan C., and Harry van de Wiel. 2012. The communication competency of medical students, residents and consultants. Patient Education and Counseling 86: 57-63.
120. Wouda, Jan C. and Harry van de Weil. 2013. Education in physician-patient communication: How to improve effectiveness? Patient Education and Counseling 90: 46-53.
121. Wroth, Thomas H. and Donald E. Pathman. 2006. Primary medication adherence in a rural population: The role of the patient-physician relationship and satisfaction with care. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 19: 478-86.
122. Zarcadoolas, Christina, Andrew Pleasant, and David S. Greer. 2003. Elaborating a definition of health literacy: A commentary. Journal of Health Communication 8: 119-120.
123. Zhang, Amy Y. and Laura A. Siminoff. 2003. Silence and cancer: Why do families and patients fail to communicate? Health Communication 15: 415-429.
124. Zhao, Xiaoquan and Xiaomei Cai. 2009. The role of risk, efficacy, and anxiety in smokers' cancer information seeking. Health Communication 24: 259-269.
125. Zolnierek, Kelly B. H., and DiMatteo, M. Robin. 2009. Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: A meta-analysis. Medical Care 47: 826-834.