Major Life Events and Minor Stressors: Identifying Mediational Links in the Stress Process

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 381-394

  Pillow, David R ^a   Zautra, Alex J ^b   Sandler, Irwin ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; BEREAVEMENT; CHILD; DIVORCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MALE; MARRIAGE; MENTAL STRESS; PERSONALITY TEST; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR; SOMATOFORM DISORDER;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; ASTHMA; BEREAVEMENT; CHILD; DIVORCE; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MARRIAGE; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PROBLEM SOLVING; RISK FACTORS; SOMATOFORM DISORDERS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 0030076597     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.381     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aiken, L., & West, S. G. (1991). Interactions in multiple regression. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
3. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-600.
4. Bolger, N., DeLongis, A., Kessler, R. C., & Schilling, E. A. (1989). Effects of daily stress on negative mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 808-818.
5. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
6. Bollen, K. A. (1990). Overall fit in covariance structure models: Two types of sample size effects. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 256-259.
7. Bollen, K. A., & Lennox, R. (1992). Conventional wisdom on measurement: A structural equation perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 305-314.
8. Carmines, E., & McIver, J. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. In G. Bohrnstedt & E. Borgatta (Eds.), Social measurement: Current issues (pp. 65-115). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
9. Delongis, A., Coyne, J. C., Dakof, G., Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Relationship of daily hassles, uplifts, and major life events to health status. Health Psychology, 1, 119-136.
10. Dohrenwend, B. P., Raphael, K. G., Schwartz, S., Stveve, A., & Skodal, A. (1993). The structured event probe and narrative rating method for measuring stressful life events. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Ed.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed., pp. 174-199). New York: Free Press.
11. Dohrenwend, B. P., & Shrout, P. E. (1985). "Hassles" in the conceptualization and measurement of life stress variables. American Psychologist, 40, 780-785.
12. Dohrenwend, B. P., Shrout, P. E., Egri, G., & Mendlesohn, F. S. (1980). Nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology: Measures for use in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1229-1236.
13. Dohrenwend, B. S., Dohrenwend, B. P., Dobson, M., & Shrout, P. E. (1984). Symptoms, hassles, social supports and life events: The problem of confounded measures. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 222-230.
14. Eckenrode, J. (1984). Impact of chronic and acute stressors in daily reports of mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 907-918.
15. Elliot, G. R., & Eisdorfer, C. (1982). Stress and human health. New York: Springer.
16. Ensel, W. M. (1986). Sex, marital status, and depression. In N. Lin, A. Dean, & W. M. Ensel (Eds.), Social support, life events, and depression (pp. 231-247). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
17. Eysenck, H. J. (1983). Stress, disease and personality: The "inoculation effect." In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Stress research (pp. 121-196). New York: Wiley.
18. Feiner, R., Farber, S., & Primivera, J. (1983). Transitions and stressful life events: A model for primary prevention. In R. D. Feiner, L. A. Janson, J. N. Moritsugu, & S. Farber (Eds.), Preventive psychology: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 199-215). New York: Pergamon Press.
19. Gersten, J. C., Beals, J., & Kallgren, C. A. (1991). Epidemiology in preventive interventions: Parental death as a case example. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 481-500.
20. Guarnaccia, C. A. (1990). An alternative perspective on the effects of conjugal bereavement and general fateful loss: Stress inoculation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University.
21. Hayduk, L. A. (1987). Structural equation modeling with LISREL: Essentials and advances. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
22. Hinkle, L. E. (1974). The concept of "stress" in the biological and social sciences. International Journal of Psychiatric Medicine, 5, 355-357.
23. Holahan, C. K., Holahan, C. J., & Belk, S. S. (1984). Adjustment in aging: The roles of life stress, hassles, and self-efficacy. Health Psychology, 3, 315-328.
24. Holmes, I. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 4, 189-194.
25. Jones, G. N., Brantley, P. J., & Gilchrist, J. C. (1988, August). The relation between daily stress and health. Paper presented at the 96th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA.
26. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications. Chicago: SPSS, Inc.
27. Kanner, A. D., Coyne, J. C., Schaefer, C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 1-39.
28. Kessler, R. C., & Cleary, P. D. (1980). Social class and psychological distress. American Sociological Review, 45, 63-78.
29. Kessler, R. C., & McRae, J. A., Jr. (1981). Trends in the relationship between sex and psychological distress: 1957-1976. American Sociological Review, 36, 531-572.
30. Kessler, R. C., Price, R. H., & Wortman, C. B. (1985). Social factors in psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping processes. American Review of Psychology, 36, 531-572.
31. Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Puzzles in the study of daily hassles. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7, 375-389.
32. Lazarus, R. S., & DeLongis, A. (1983). Psychological stress and coping in aging. American Psychologist, 38, 245-254.
33. Lazarus, R. S., DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., & Gruen, R. (1985). Stress and adaptational outcomes: The problem of confounded measures. American Psychologist, 40, 770-779.
34. Lin, N., Ensel, W. M., & Dean, A. (1986). The age structure and the stress process. In N. Lin, A. Dean, & W. M. Ensel (Eds.), Social support, life events, and depression (pp. 213-230). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
35. Magnus, K., Diener, E., Fujita, F., & Pavot, W. (1993). Extraversion and neuroticism as predictors of objective life events: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1043-1053.
36. Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 391-410.
37. McDonald, R., & Marsh, H. W. (1990). Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 247-255.
38. Monroe, S. M. (1983). Major and minor life events as predictors of psychological distress: Further issues and findings. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 6, 189-205.
39. Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 430-445.
40. Norris, F. H., & Murrell, S. A. (1988). Prior experience as a moderator of disaster impact on anxiety symptoms in older adults. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 665-683.
41. Pearlin, L. I., Lieberman, M. A., Menaghan, E. G., & Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 337-356.
42. Pedhazur, E. J. (1982). Multiple regression in behavioral research (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
43. Pillow, D. R., Sandler, I. N., Braver, S. L., Wolchik, S. A., & Gersten, J. C. (1991). Theory-based screening for prevention: Focusing on mediating processes in children of divorce. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 809-836.
44. Reich, J. W., & Zautra, A. J. (1983). Demands and desires in daily life. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 41-58.
45. Roberts, R. E., & Vernon, S. W. (1981). Usefulness of the PERI Demoralization Scale to screen for psychiatric disorder in a community sample. Psychiatry Research, 5, 183-193.
46. Russell, D. W., & Cutrona, C. E. (1991). Social support, stress, and depressive symptoms among the elderly: Test of a process model. Psychology and Aging, 6, 190-201.
47. Sandler, I. N., Wolchik, S. A., Braver, S. L., & Fogus, B. (1986). Significant events of children of divorce: Toward the assessment of a risky situation. In S. M. Auerbauh & A. Stolberg (Eds.), Crisis intervention with children and families (pp. 65-83). New York: Hemisphere.
48. Schaller, M., & Pillow, D. R. (1988, August). Contextual effects in the perception of life events. Paper presented at the 96th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA.
49. Silver, R. L., & Wortman, C. B. (1980). Coping with undesirable events. In J. Garber & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Human helplessness: Theory and application (pp. 279-340). New York: Academic Press.
50. Sobel, M. E., & Bohrnstedt, G. W. (1985). Use of null models in evaluating the fit of covariance structure models. In N. B. Tuma (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 152-178). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
51. Stone, A. A., & Neale, J. M. (1984). Effects of severe daily events on mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 137-144.
52. Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38, 1-10.
53. Wagner, B. M., Compas, B. E., & Howell, D. C. (1988). Daily and major life events: A test of an integrative model of psychological stress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 189-205.
54. Wortman, C., & Lehman, D. (1985). Reactions to victims of life crises: Support attempts that fail. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research and applications (pp. 463-489). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
55. Zautra, A. J., Finch, J., Reich, J. W., & Guarnaccia, C. A. (1991). Predicting the everyday life events of older adults. Journal of Personality, 59, 507-538.
56. Zautra, A. J., Guarnaccia, C. A., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1986). Measuring small life events. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 629-655.
57. Zautra, A. J., Guarnaccia, C. A., & Reich, J. W. (1989). The effects of daily life events on negative affective states. In P. C. Kendall & D. Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features (pp. 225-251). New York: Academic Press.
58. Zautra, A. J., Reich, J. W., & Guarnaccia, C. A. (1990). Some everyday life consequences of disability and bereavement for older adults. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 550-561.