Food allergen immunotherapy: Current status and prospects for the future

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 137, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 973-982

  Wood, Robert A ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

egg allergy; epicutaneous immunotherapy; Food allergy; immunotherapy; milk allergy; omalizumab; oral immunotherapy; peanut allergy; sublingual immunotherapy

Indexed keywords

FOOD ALLERGEN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

DESENSITIZATION; EGG; EPICUTANEOUS IMMUNOTHERAPY; FOOD ALLERGY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MILK; ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTAKE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SUBCUTANEOUS IMMUNOTHERAPY; SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ADVERSE EFFECTS; FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY; METABOLISM; PROCEDURES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

BIOMARKERS; DESENSITIZATION, IMMUNOLOGIC; FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY; HUMANS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84963966468     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: 10976825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.001     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. S.H. Sicherer Epidemiology of food allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 127 2011 594 602
2. R.S. Gupta, E.E. Springston, M.R. Warrier, B. Smith, R. Kumar, J. Pongracic, and et al. The prevalence, severity, and distribution of childhood food allergy in the United States Pediatrics 128 2011 e9 e17
3. J.A. Boyce, A. Assa'a, A.W. Burks, S.M. Jones, H.A. Sampson, R.A. Wood, and et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: summary of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel Report Nutrition 27 2011 253 267
4. H.A. Sampson, S. Aceves, S.A. Bock, J. James, S. Jones, D. Lang, and et al. Food allergy: a practice parameter update-2014 J Allergy Clin Immunol 134 2014 1016 1025.e43
5. S.H. Sicherer, A. Munoz-Furlong, J.H. Godbold, and H.A. Sampson US prevalence of self-reported peanut, tree nut, and sesame allergy: 11-year follow-up J Allergy Clin Immunol 125 2010 1322 1326
6. J.M. Skripak, E.C. Matsui, K. Mudd, and R.A. Wood The natural history of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 120 2007 1172 1177
7. J.H. Savage, E.C. Matsui, J.M. Skripak, and R.A. Wood The natural history of egg allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 120 2007 1413 1417
8. S.H. Sicherer, S.A. Noone, and A. Munoz-Furlong The impact of childhood food allergy on quality of life Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 87 2001 461 464
9. K.A. Robbins, R.A. Wood, and C.A. Keet Milk allergy is associated with decreased growth in US children J Allergy Clin Immunol 134 2014 1466 1468.e6
10. D. Atkins, and S.A. Bock Fatal anaphylaxis to foods: epidemiology, recognition, and prevention Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 9 2009 179 185
11. D.M. Fleischer, T.T. Perry, D. Atkins, R.A. Wood, A.W. Burks, S.M. Jones, and et al. Allergic reactions to foods in preschool-aged children in a prospective observational food allergy study Pediatrics 130 2012 e25 e32
12. M. Akdis, and C.A. Akdis Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy: multiple suppressor factors at work in immune tolerance to allergens J Allergy Clin Immunol 133 2014 621 631
13. C.A. Keet, and R.A. Wood Emerging therapies for food allergy J Clin Invest 124 2014 1880 1886
14. M.C. Berin, and S. Sicherer Food allergy: mechanisms and therapeutics Curr Opin Immunol 23 2011 794 800
15. M.C. Berin Future therapies for IgE-mediated food allergy Curr Pediatr Rep 2 2014 119 126
16. H.E. Edwards Oral desensitization in food allergy Can Med Assoc J 43 1940 234 236
17. A. Bauer, S. Ekanayake Mudiyanselage, W. Wigger-Alberti, and P. Elsner Oral rush desensitization to milk Allergy 54 1999 894 895
18. G. Patriarca, D. Schiavino, E. Nucera, G. Schinco, A. Milani, and G.B. Gasbarrini Food allergy in children: results of a standardized protocol for oral desensitization Hepatogastroenterology 45 1998 52 58
19. C. Patriarca, A. Romano, A. Venuti, D. Schiavino, V. Di Rienzo, E. Nucera, and et al. Oral specific hyposensitization in the management of patients allergic to food Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 12 1984 275 281
20. A.M. Potemkina, and G.M. Timerbaeva [Specific desensitization treatment of children with food hypersensitivity by the sublingual method] Pediatriia 2 1982 38 40
21. E. Enrique, F. Pineda, T. Malek, J. Bartra, M. Basagana, R. Tella, and et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for hazelnut food allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a standardized hazelnut extract J Allergy Clin Immunol 116 2005 1073 1079
22. J.J. Oppenheimer, H.S. Nelson, S.A. Bock, F. Christensen, and D.Y. Leung Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy J Allergy Clin Immunol 90 1992 256 262
23. A.M. Hofmann, A.M. Scurlock, S.M. Jones, K.P. Palmer, Y. Lokhnygina, P.H. Steele, and et al. Safety of a peanut oral immunotherapy protocol in children with peanut allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 124 2009 286 291 e1-6
24. S.M. Jones, A.W. Burks, and C. Dupont State of the art on food allergen immunotherapy: oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous J Allergy Clin Immunol 133 2014 318 323
25. C.A. Keet, P.A. Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, A. Thyagarajan, J.T. Schroeder, R.G. Hamilton, S. Boden, and et al. The safety and efficacy of sublingual and oral immunotherapy for milk allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 129 2012 448 455 e1-5
26. A.W. Burks, S.M. Jones, R.A. Wood, D.M. Fleischer, S.H. Sicherer, R.W. Lindblad, and et al. Oral immunotherapy for treatment of egg allergy in children N Engl J Med 367 2012 233 243
27. P. Varshney, S.M. Jones, A.M. Scurlock, T.T. Perry, A. Kemper, P. Steele, and et al. A randomized controlled study of peanut oral immunotherapy: clinical desensitization and modulation of the allergic response J Allergy Clin Immunol 127 2011 654 660
28. B.P. Vickery, A.M. Scurlock, M. Kulis, P.H. Steele, J. Kamilaris, J.P. Berglund, and et al. Sustained unresponsiveness to peanut in subjects who have completed peanut oral immunotherapy J Allergy Clin Immunol 133 2014 468 475
29. S.M. Jones, L. Pons, J.L. Roberts, A.M. Scurlock, T.T. Perry, M. Kulis, and et al. Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy J Allergy Clin Immunol 124 2009 292 300 e1-97
30. K. Blumchen, H. Ulbricht, U. Staden, K. Dobberstein, J. Beschorner, L.C. de Oliveira, and et al. Oral peanut immunotherapy in children with peanut anaphylaxis J Allergy Clin Immunol 126 2010 83 91.e1
31. S.D. Narisety, P.A. Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, C.A. Keet, M. Gorelik, J. Schroeder, R.G. Hamilton, and et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual versus oral immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 135 2015 1275 1282
32. K. Anagnostou, A. Clark, Y. King, S. Islam, J. Deighton, and P. Ewan Efficacy and safety of high-dose peanut oral immunotherapy with factors predicting outcome Clin Exp Allergy 41 2011 1273 1281
33. K. Anagnostou, S. Islam, Y. King, S. Islam, J. Deighton, and P. Ewan Assessing the efficacy of oral immunotherapy for the desensitisation of peanut allergy in children (STOP II): a phase 2 randomised controlled trial Lancet 383 2014 1297 1304
34. A.D. Buchanan, T.D. Green, S.M. Jones, A.M. Scurlock, L. Christie, K.A. Althage, and et al. Egg oral immunotherapy in nonanaphylactic children with egg allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 119 2007 199 205
35. B.P. Vickery, L. Pons, M. Kulis, P. Steele, S.M. Jones, and A.W. Burks Individualized IgE-based dosing of egg oral immunotherapy and the development of tolerance Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 105 2010 444 450
36. P. Meglio, E. Bartone, M. Plantamura, E. Arabito, and P.G. Giampietro A protocol for oral desensitization in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy Allergy 59 2004 980 987
37. G. Longo, E. Barbi, I. Berti, R. Meneghetti, A. Pittalis, L. Ronfani, and et al. Specific oral tolerance induction in children with very severe cow's milk-induced reactions J Allergy Clin Immunol 121 2008 343 347
38. J.M. Skripak, S.D. Nash, H. Rowley, N.H. Brereton, S. Oh, R.G. Hamilton, and et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of milk oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 122 2008 1154 1160
39. A. Martorell, B. De la Hoz, M.D. Ibanez, J. Bone, M.S. Terrados, A. Michavila, and et al. Oral desensitization as a useful treatment in 2-year-old children with cow's milk allergy Clin Exp Allergy 41 2011 1297 1304
40. G.B. Pajno, L. Caminiti, P. Ruggeri, R. De Luca, D. Vita, M. La Rosa, and et al. Oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy with a weekly up-dosing regimen: a randomized single-blind controlled study Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 105 2010 376 381
41. R.A. Wood, J.S. Kim, R. Lindblad, K. Nadeau, A.K. Henning, P. Dawson, and et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of omalizumab combined with oral immunotherapy for the treatment of cow's milk allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 137 2016 1103 1110
42. A. Syed, M.A. Garcia, S.C. Lyu, R. Bucayu, A. Kohli, S. Ishida, and et al. Peanut oral immunotherapy results in increased antigen-induced regulatory T-cell function and hypomethylation of forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) J Allergy Clin Immunol 133 2014 500 510
43. U. Staden, C. Rolinck-Werninghaus, F. Brewe, U. Wahn, B. Niggemann, and K. Beyer Specific oral tolerance induction in food allergy in children: efficacy and clinical patterns of reaction Allergy 62 2007 1261 1269
44. C.A. Keet, S. Seopaul, S. Knorr, S. Narisety, J. Skripak, and R.A. Wood Long-term follow-up of oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 132 2013 737 739.e6
45. M. Gorelik, S.D. Narisety, A.L. Guerrerio, K.L. Chichester, C.A. Keet, A.P. Bieneman, and et al. Suppression of the immunologic response to peanut during immunotherapy is often transient J Allergy Clin Immunol 135 2015 1283 1292
46. L. Caminiti, G.B. Pajno, G. Crisafulli, F. Chiera, M. Collura, G. Panasci, and et al. Oral immunotherapy for egg allergy: a double-blind placebo-controlled study, with postdesensitization follow-up J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 3 2015 532 539
47. B.P. Vickery, J. Lin, M. Kulis, Z. Fu, P.H. Steele, S.M. Jones, and et al. Peanut oral immunotherapy modifies IgE and IgG4 responses to major peanut allergens J Allergy Clin Immunol 131 2013 128 134 e1-3
48. G. Patriarca, E. Nucera, E. Pollastrini, T. De Pasquale, C. Lombardo, A. Buonomo, and et al. Oral rush desensitization in peanut allergy: a case report Dig Dis Sci 51 2006 471 473
49. L. Mansfield Successful oral desensitization for systemic peanut allergy Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 97 2006 266 267
50. G. Patriarca, E. Nucera, C. Roncallo, E. Pollastrini, F. Bartolozzi, T. De Pasquale, and et al. Oral desensitizing treatment in food allergy: clinical and immunological results Aliment Pharmacol Ther 17 2003 459 465
51. M. Morisset, D.A. Moneret-Vautrin, L. Guenard, J.M. Cuny, P. Frentz, R. Hatahet, and et al. Oral desensitization in children with milk and egg allergies obtains recovery in a significant proportion of cases. A randomized study in 60 children with cow's milk allergy and 90 children with egg allergy Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 39 2007 12 19
52. P. Meglio, P.G. Giampietro, R. Carello, I. Gabriele, S. Avitabile, and E. Galli Oral food desensitization in children with IgE-mediated hen's egg allergy: a new protocol with raw hen's egg Pediatr Allergy Immunol 24 2013 75 83
53. N. Itoh, Y. Itagaki, and K. Kurihara Rush specific oral tolerance induction in school-age children with severe egg allergy: one year follow up Allergol Int 59 2010 43 51
54. I. Dello Iacono, S. Tripodi, M. Calvani, V. Panetta, M.C. Verga, and S. Miceli Sopo Specific oral tolerance induction with raw hen's egg in children with very severe egg allergy: a randomized controlled trial Pediatr Allergy Immunol 24 2013 66 74
55. R. Garcia Rodriguez, J.M. Urra, F. Feo-Brito, P.A. Galindo, J. Borja, E. Gomez, and et al. Oral rush desensitization to egg: efficacy and safety Clin Exp Allergy 41 2011 1289 1296
56. L. Zapatero, E. Alonso, V. Fuentes, and M.I. Martinez Oral desensitization in children with cow's milk allergy J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 18 2008 389 396
57. M. Alvaro, M.T. Giner, M. Vazquez, J. Lozano, O. Dominguez, M. Piquer, and et al. Specific oral desensitization in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. Evolution in one year Eur J Pediatr 171 2012 1389 1395
58. S. Sanchez-Garcia, P. Rodriguez del Rio, C. Escudero, C. Garcia-Fernandez, A. Ramirez, and M.D. Ibanez Efficacy of oral immunotherapy protocol for specific oral tolerance induction in children with cow's milk allergy Isr Med Assoc J 14 2012 43 47
59. S.D. Narisety, J.M. Skripak, P. Steele, R.G. Hamilton, E.C. Matsui, A.W. Burks, and et al. Open-label maintenance after milk oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 124 2009 610 612
60. P. Begin, L.C. Winterroth, T. Dominguez, S.P. Wilson, L. Bacal, A. Mehrotra, and et al. Safety and feasibility of oral immunotherapy to multiple allergens for food allergy Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 10 2014 1
61. P. Begin, T. Dominguez, S.P. Wilson, L. Bacal, A. Mehrotra, B. Kausch, and et al. Phase 1 results of safety and tolerability in a rush oral immunotherapy protocol to multiple foods using Omalizumab Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 10 2014 7
62. R.L. Wasserman, J.M. Factor, J.W. Baker, L.E. Mansfield, Y. Katz, A.R. Hague, and et al. Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy: multipractice experience with epinephrine-treated reactions J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2 2014 91 96
63. S. Sanchez-Garcia, P. Rodriguez Del Rio, C. Escudero, M.J. Martinez-Gomez, and M.D. Ibanez Possible eosinophilic esophagitis induced by milk oral immunotherapy J Allergy Clin Immunol 129 2012 1155 1157
64. E. Ridolo, G.L. De Angelis, and P. Dall'aglio Eosinophilic esophagitis after specific oral tolerance induction for egg protein Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 106 2011 73 74
65. P. Meglio, P.G. Giampietro, S. Gianni, and E. Galli Oral desensitization in children with immunoglobulin E-mediated cow's milk allergy - follow-up at 4 yr and 8 months Pediatr Allergy Immunol 19 2008 412 419
66. J.P. Yeung, L.A. Kloda, J. McDevitt, M. Ben-Shoshan, and R. Alizadehfar Oral immunotherapy for milk allergy Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11 2012 CD009542
67. J.L. Brozek, L. Terracciano, J. Hsu, J. Kreis, E. Compalati, N. Santesso, and et al. Oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clin Exp Allergy 42 2012 363 374
68. U. Nurmatov, G. Devereux, A. Worth, L. Healy, and A. Sheikh Effectiveness and safety of orally administered immunotherapy for food allergies: a systematic review and meta-analysis Br J Nutr 111 2014 12 22
69. C.A. Akdis, I.B. Barlan, N. Bahceciler, and M. Akdis Immunological mechanisms of sublingual immunotherapy Allergy 61 suppl 81 2006 11 14
70. E. Untersmayr, and E. Jensen-Jarolim The role of protein digestibility and antacids on food allergy outcomes J Allergy Clin Immunol 121 2008 1301 1310
71. E.H. Kim, J.A. Bird, M. Kulis, S. Laubach, L. Pons, W. Shreffler, and et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: clinical and immunologic evidence of desensitization J Allergy Clin Immunol 127 2011 640 646.e1
72. D.M. Fleischer, A.W. Burks, B.P. Vickery, A.M. Scurlock, R.A. Wood, S.M. Jones, and et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial J Allergy Clin Immunol 131 2013 119 127 e1-7
73. A.W. Burks, R.A. Wood, S.M. Jones, S.H. Sicherer, D.M. Fleischer, A.M. Scurlock, and et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: Long-term follow-up of a randomized multicenter trial J Allergy Clin Immunol 135 2015 1240 1248 e1-3
74. S.J. Chin, B.P. Vickery, M.D. Kulis, E.H. Kim, P. Varshney, P. Steele, and et al. Sublingual versus oral immunotherapy for peanut-allergic children: a retrospective comparison J Allergy Clin Immunol 132 2013 476 478.e2
75. V. Dioszeghy, L. Mondoulet, V. Dhelft, M. Ligouis, E. Puteaux, C. Dupont, and et al. The regulatory T cells induction by epicutaneous immunotherapy is sustained and mediates long-term protection from eosinophilic disorders in peanut-sensitized mice Clin Exp Allergy 44 2014 867 881
76. L. Mondoulet, V. Dioszeghy, C. Thebault, P.H. Benhamou, and C. Dupont Epicutaneous immunotherapy for food allergy as a novel pathway for oral tolerance induction Immunotherapy 7 2015 1293 1305
77. L. Mondoulet, V. Dioszeghy, M. Ligouis, V. Dhelft, C. Dupont, and P.H. Benhamou Epicutaneous immunotherapy on intact skin using a new delivery system in a murine model of allergy Clin Exp Allergy 40 2010 659 667
78. C. Dupont, N. Kalach, P. Soulaines, S. Legoue-Morillon, H. Piloquet, and P.H. Benhamou Cow's milk epicutaneous immunotherapy in children: a pilot trial of safety, acceptability, and impact on allergic reactivity J Allergy Clin Immunol 125 2010 1165 1167
79. D. Patel, P. Couroux, P. Hickey, A.M. Salapatek, P. Laidler, M. Larche, and et al. Fel d 1-derived peptide antigen desensitization shows a persistent treatment effect 1 year after the start of dosing: a randomized, placebo-controlled study J Allergy Clin Immunol 131 2013 103 109 e1-7
80. M. Worm, H.H. Lee, J. Kleine-Tebbe, R.P. Hafner, P. Laidler, D. Healey, and et al. Development and preliminary clinical evaluation of a peptide immunotherapy vaccine for cat allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 127 2011 89 97 e1-14
81. M. Yang, C. Yang, and Y. Mine Multiple T cell epitope peptides suppress allergic responses in an egg allergy mouse model by the elicitation of forkhead box transcription factor 3- and transforming growth factor-beta-associated mechanisms Clin Exp Allergy 40 2010 668 678
82. I. Swoboda, N. Balic, C. Klug, M. Focke, M. Weber, S. Spitzauer, and et al. A general strategy for the generation of hypoallergenic molecules for the immunotherapy of fish allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 132 2013 979 981
83. S.R. Prickett, A.L. Voskamp, T. Phan, A. Dacumos-Hill, S.I. Mannering, J.M. Rolland, and et al. Ara h 1 CD4+ T cell epitope-based peptides: candidates for a peanut allergy therapeutic Clin Exp Allergy 43 2013 684 697
84. X.M. Li, K. Srivastava, J.W. Huleatt, K. Bottomly, A.W. Burks, and H.A. Sampson Engineered recombinant peanut protein and heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes coadministration protects against peanut-induced anaphylaxis in a murine model J Immunol 170 2003 3289 3295
85. R.A. Wood, S.H. Sicherer, A.W. Burks, A. Grishin, A.K. Henning, R. Lindblad, and et al. A phase 1 study of heat/phenol-killed, E. coli-encapsulated, recombinant modified peanut proteins Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 (EMP-123) for the treatment of peanut allergy Allergy 68 2013 803 808
86. T.B. Casale, W.W. Busse, J.N. Kline, Z.K. Ballas, M.H. Moss, R.G. Townley, and et al. Omalizumab pretreatment decreases acute reactions after rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis J Allergy Clin Immunol 117 2006 134 140
87. M. Massanari, H. Nelson, T. Casale, W. Busse, F. Kianifard, G.P. Geba, and et al. Effect of pretreatment with omalizumab on the tolerability of specific immunotherapy in allergic asthma J Allergy Clin Immunol 125 2010 383 389
88. K.C. Nadeau, L.C. Schneider, L. Hoyte, I. Borras, and D.T. Umetsu Rapid oral desensitization in combination with omalizumab therapy in patients with cow's milk allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 127 2011 1622 1624
89. L.C. Schneider, R. Rachid, J. LeBovidge, E. Blood, M. Mittal, and D.T. Umetsu A pilot study of omalizumab to facilitate rapid oral desensitization in high-risk peanut-allergic patients J Allergy Clin Immunol 132 2013 1368 1374
90. M. Takahashi, S. Taniuchi, K. Soejima, K. Sudo, Y. Hatano, and K. Kaneko New efficacy of LTRAs (montelukast sodium): it possibly prevents food-induced abdominal symptoms during oral immunotherapy Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 10 2014 3
91. A. Jagdis, N. Berlin, C. Barron, M. Giruparajah, N. Leader, S. Maclachlan, and et al. Effect of ketotifen premedication on adverse reactions during peanut oral immunotherapy Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 10 2014 36
92. M.L. Tang, A.L. Ponsonby, F. Orsini, D. Tey, M. Robinson, E.L. Su, and et al. Administration of a probiotic with peanut oral immunotherapy: a randomized trial J Allergy Clin Immunol 135 2015 737 744.e8
93. G. Noh, and S.S. Lee A pilot study of interferon-gamma-induced specific oral tolerance induction (ISOTI) for immunoglobulin E-mediated anaphylactic food allergy J Interferon Cytokine Res 29 2009 667 675
94. J. Wang, S.P. Patil, N. Yang, J. Ko, J. Lee, S. Noone, and et al. Safety, tolerability, and immunologic effects of a food allergy herbal formula in food allergic individuals: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose escalation, phase 1 study Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 105 2010 75 84
95. K.M. Beeh, F. Kanniess, F. Wagner, C. Schilder, I. Naudts, A. Hammann-Haenni, and et al. The novel TLR-9 agonist QbG10 shows clinical efficacy in persistent allergic asthma J Allergy Clin Immunol 131 2013 866 874
96. G. Pelaia, A. Vatrella, and R. Maselli The potential of biologics for the treatment of asthma Nat Rev Drug Discov 11 2012 958 972
97. R.S. Traister, T.D. Green, L. Mitchell, and M. Greenhawt Community opinions regarding oral immunotherapy for food allergies Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 109 2012 319 323
98. R.A. Wood, and H.A. Sampson Oral immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy: is it ready for prime time? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2 2014 97 98
99. L.S. Cox, C. Hankin, and R. Lockey Allergy immunotherapy adherence and delivery route: location does not matter J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2 2014 156 160