Towards prevention of autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis: From lifestyle modification to preventive treatment

Rheumatology (United Kingdom)

Volumn 55, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 607-614

  Gerlag, Danielle M ^a   Norris, Jill M ^b   Tak, Paul P ^a,c,d  

^a GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United Kingdom)

^b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Colorado State University and the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health at the Colorado School of Public Health   (United States)

^c GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Prevention; Rheumatoid arthritis; Rituximab; Treatment

Indexed keywords

RITUXIMAB; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENT; AUTOANTIBODY;

ARTHRITIS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DISEASE COURSE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENETIC RISK; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SMOKING; SYNOVIUM; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; BLOOD; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PATHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR;

ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; AUTOANTIBODIES; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; LIFE STYLE; RISK FACTORS; RITUXIMAB; SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE;

EID: 84963757325     PISSN: 14620324     EISSN: 14620332     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev347     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Turesson C, Jacobsson LT, Matteson EL. Cardiovascular co-morbidity in rheumatic diseases. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008;4:605-14.
2. Finckh A, Choi HK, Wolfe F. Progression of radiographic joint damage in different eras: trends towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis are attributable to improved treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:1192-7.
3. Crowson CS, Liao KP, Davis JM III et al. Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 2013;166:622-8.
4. Myasoedova E, Davis JM III, Crowson CS, Gabriel SE. Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis and mortality. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2010;12:379-85.
5. van Vollenhoven RF, Nagy G, Tak PP. Early start and stop of biologics: has the time come? BMC Med 2014;12:25.
6. Nielen MM, van Schaardenburg D, Reesink HW et al. Specific autoantibodies precede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a study of serial measurements in blood donors. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:380-6.
7. Nielen MM, van Schaardenburg D, Reesink HW et al. Increased levels of C-reactive protein in serum from blood donors before the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:2423-7.
8. Jorgensen KT, Wiik A, Pedersen M et al. Cytokines, autoantibodies and viral antibodies in premorbid and postdiagnostic sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: case-control study nested in a cohort of Norwegian blood donors. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:860-6.
9. Deane KD, O'Donnell CI, Hueber W et al. The number of elevated cytokines and chemokines in preclinical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis predicts time to diagnosis in an age-dependent manner. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:3161-72.
10. Kokkonen H, Soderstrom I, Rocklov J et al. Up-regulation of cytokines and chemokines predates the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:383-91.
11. Aho K, Heliovaara M, Maatela J, Tuomi T, Palosuo T. Rheumatoid factors antedating clinical rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1991;18:1282-4.
12. de Hair MJ, Landewe RB, van de Sande MG et al. Smoking and overweight determine the likelihood of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:1654-8.
13. Karlson EW, van Schaardenburg D, van der Helm-van Mil AH. Strategies to predict rheumatoid arthritis development in at-risk populations. Rheumatology 2016;55:6-15.
14. Stack RJ, van Tuyl LH, Sloots M et al. Symptom complexes in patients with seropositive arthralgia and in patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative exploration of symptom development. Rheumatology 2014;53:1646-53.
15. Gerlag DM, Raza K, van Baarsen LG et al. EULAR recommendations for terminology and research in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis: report from the Study Group for Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:638-41.
16. van de Sande MG, de Hair MJ, van der Leij C et al. Different stages of rheumatoid arthritis: features of the synovium in the preclinical phase. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:772-7.
17. Raza K, Gerlag DM. Preclinical inflammatory rheumatic diseases: an overview and relevant nomenclature. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2014;40:569-80.
18. Stahl EA, Raychaudhuri S, Remmers EF et al. Genomewide association study meta-analysis identifies seven new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci. Nat Genet 2010;42:508-14.
19. Okada Y, Wu D, Trynka G et al. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery. Nature 2014;506:376-81.
20. Catrina AI, Deane KD, Scher JU. Gene, environment, microbiome and mucosal immune tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2016;55:391-402.
21. Tak PP, Smeets TJ, Daha MR et al. Analysis of the synovial cell infiltrate in early rheumatoid synovial tissue in relation to local disease activity. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:217-25.
22. Tak PP. Is early rheumatoid arthritis the same disease process as late rheumatoid arthritis? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2001;15:17-26.
23. Kraan MC, Versendaal H, Jonker M et al. Asymptomatic synovitis precedes clinically manifest arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1481-8.
24. de Hair MJ, van de Sande MG, Ramwadhdoebe TH et al. Features of the synovium of individuals at risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: implications for understanding preclinical rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014;66:513-22.
25. + T lymphocytes and class II antigen-expressing cells in joints of DBA/1 mice immunized with type II collagen. Lab Invest 1988;58:53-60.
26. Nandakumar KS, Bajtner E, Hill L et al. Arthritogenic antibodies specific for a major type II collagen triplehelical epitope bind and destabilize cartilage independent of inflammation. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:184-96.
27. Rodriguez-Palmero M, Pelegri C, Ferri MJ et al. Alterations of lymphocyte populations in lymph nodes but not in spleen during the latency period of adjuvant arthritis. Inflammation 1999;23:153-65.
28. de Hair MJ, Zijlstra IA, Boumans MJ et al. Hunting for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: core-needle biopsy of inguinal lymph nodes as a new research tool. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:1911-2.
29. van Baarsen LG, de Hair MJ, Ramwadhdoebe TH et al. The cellular composition of lymph nodes in the earliest phase of inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:1420-4.
30. Catrina AI, Ytterberg AJ, Reynisdottir G, Malmstrom V, Klareskog L. Lungs, joints and immunity against citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014;10:645-53.
31. Padyukov L, Silva C, Stolt P, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L. A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:3085-92.
32. Demoruelle MK, Weisman MH, Simonian PL et al. Brief report: airways abnormalities and rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibodies in subjects without arthritis: early injury or initiating site of autoimmunity? Arthritis Rheum 2012;64:1756-61.
33. Willis VC, Demoruelle MK, Derber LA et al. Sputum autoantibodies in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and subjects at risk of future clinically apparent disease. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65:2545-54.
34. Wegner N, Lundberg K, Kinloch A et al. Autoimmunity to specific citrullinated proteins gives the first clues to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2010;233:34-54.
35. Brusca SB, Abramson SB, Scher JU. Microbiome and mucosal inflammation as extra-articular triggers for rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014;26:101-7.
36. Mikuls TR, Thiele GM, Deane KD et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis and disease-related autoantibodies in individuals at increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2012;64:3522-30.
37. Harvey GP, Fitzsimmons TR, Dhamarpatni AA et al. Expression of peptidylarginine deiminase-2 and-4, citrullinated proteins and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in human gingiva. J Periodontal Res 2013;48:252-61.
38. Scher JU, Bretz WA, Abramson SB. Periodontal disease and subgingival microbiota as contributors for rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis: modifiable risk factors? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014;26:424-9.
39. van der Woude D, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S, Ioan-Facsinay A et al. Epitope spreading of the anti-citrullinated protein antibody response occurs before disease onset and is associated with the disease course of early arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1554-61.
40. Sokolove J, Bromberg R, Deane KD et al. Autoantibody epitope spreading in the pre-clinical phase predicts progression to rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012;7:e35296.
41. Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F. Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the Nurses' Health Study. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:3458-67.
42. Brennan P, Silman A. Breast-feeding and the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:808-13.
43. Hernandez AM, Liang MH, Willett WC et al. Reproductive factors, smoking, and the risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology 1990;1:285-91.
44. Peschken CA, Robinson DB, Hitchon CA et al. Pregnancy and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a highly predisposed North American Native population. J Rheumatol 2012;39:2253-60.
45. Spector TD, Roman E, Silman AJ. The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:782-9.
46. Carlens C, Jacobsson L, Brandt L et al. Perinatal characteristics, early life infections and later risk of rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:1159-64.
47. Pattison DJ, Harrison RA, Symmons DP. The role of diet in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. J Rheumatol 2004;31:1310-9.
48. Pedersen M, Stripp C, Klarlund M et al. Diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a prospective cohort. J Rheumatol 2005;32:1249-52.
49. Sugiyama D, Nishimura K, Tamaki K et al. Impact of smoking as a risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:70-81.
50. Di GD, Discacciati A, Orsini N, Wolk A. Cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response metaanalysis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014;16:R61.
51. Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Davis JM III, Gabriel SE. Contribution of obesity to the rise in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2013;65:71-7.
52. Hazes JM, Dijkmans BA, Vandenbroucke JP, de Vries RR, Cats A. Lifestyle and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:980-2.
53. Heliovaara M, Aho K, Aromaa A, Knekt P, Reunanen A. Smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1993;20:1830-5.
54. Stolt P, Bengtsson C, Nordmark B et al. Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:835-41.
55. Karlson EW, Lee IM, Cook NR et al. A retrospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in female health professionals. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:910-7.
56. Bhatia SS, Majka DS, Kittelson JM et al. Rheumatoid factor seropositivity is inversely associated with oral contraceptive use in women without rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:267-9.
57. Wesley A, Bengtsson C, Elkan AC et al. Association between body mass index and anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive and anti-citrullinated protein antibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population-based case-control study. Arthritis Care Res 2013;65:107-12.
58. Pedersen M, Jacobsen S, Klarlund M et al. Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:R133.
59. Lu B, Hiraki LT, Sparks JA et al. Being overweight or obese and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis among women: a prospective cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1914-22.
60. Versini M, Jeandel PY, Rosenthal E, Shoenfeld Y. Obesity in autoimmune diseases: not a passive bystander. Autoimmun Rev 2014;13:981-1000.
61. Gremese E, Tolusso B, Gigante MR, Ferraccioli G. Obesity as a risk and severity factor in rheumatic diseases (autoimmune chronic inflammatory diseases). Front Immunol 2014;5:576.
62. Kontny E, Plebanczyk M, Lisowska B et al. Comparison of rheumatoid articular adipose and synovial tissue reactivity to proinflammatory stimuli: contribution to adipocytokine network. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:262-7.
63. Harbige LS. Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: a question of n-6 essentiality and the balance between n-6 and n-3. Lipids 2003;38:323-41.
64. Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR et al. Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:72-7.
65. Nielen MM, van SD, Lems WF et al. Vitamin D deficiency does not increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Merlino et al. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:3719-20.
66. Serhan CN, Chiang N, Van Dyke TE. Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators. Nat Rev Immunol 2008;8:349-61.
67. Lee YH, Bae SC, Song GG. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2012;43:356-62.
68. James M, Proudman S, Cleland L. Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: past, present and future. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:316-23.
69. Di GD, Wallin A, Bottai M, Askling J, Wolk A. Long-term intake of dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study of women. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1949-53.
70. Rosell M, Wesley AM, Rydin K, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L. Dietary fish and fish oil and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology 2009;20:896-901.
71. Shapiro JA, Koepsell TD, Voigt LF et al. Diet and rheumatoid arthritis in women: a possible protective effect of fish consumption. Epidemiology 1996;7:256-63.
72. Pedersen M, Stripp C, Klarlund M et al. Diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a prospective cohort. J Rheumatol 2005;32:1249-52.
73. Benito-Garcia E, Feskanich D, Hu FB, Mandl LA, Karlson EW. Protein, iron, and meat consumption and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2007;9:R16.
74. Gan R, Young K, Zerbe G et al. Lower omega-3 fatty acids are associated with the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies in a population at risk for future rheumatoid arthritis: a nested case-control study. Rheumatology 2016;55:367-76.
75. Maxwell JR, Gowers IR, Moore DJ, Wilson AG. Alcohol consumption is inversely associated with risk and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2010;49:2140-6.
76. van de Stadt LA, Witte BI, Bos WH, van Schaardenburg D. A prediction rule for the development of arthritis in seropositive arthralgia patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:1920-6.
77. Lu B, Solomon DH, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW. Alcohol consumption and risk of incident rheumatoid arthritis in women: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014;66:1998-2005.
78. Stolt P, Yahya A, Bengtsson C et al. Silica exposure among male current smokers is associated with a high risk of developing ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1072-6.
79. Yahya A, Bengtsson C, Larsson P et al. Silica exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing ACPApositive rheumatoid arthritis in an Asian population: evidence from the Malaysian MyEIRA case-control study. Mod Rheumatol 2014;24:271-4.
80. de Pablo D, Dietrich T, McAlindon TE. Association of periodontal disease and tooth loss with rheumatoid arthritis in the US population. J Rheumatol 2008;35:70-6.
81. Kaipiainen-Seppanen O, Kautiainen H. Declining trend in the incidence of rheumatoid factor-positive rheumatoid arthritis in Finland 1980-2000. J Rheumatol 2006;33:2132-8.
82. Sparks JA, Iversen MD, Miller KR et al. Personalized Risk Estimator for Rheumatoid Arthritis (PRE-RA) Family Study: rationale and design for a randomized controlled trial evaluating rheumatoid arthritis risk education to firstdegree relatives. Contemp Clin Trials 2014;39:145-57.
83. Andersson ML, Bergman S, Soderlin MK. The effect of stopping smoking on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Data from BARFOT, a multicenter study of early RA. Open Rheumatol J 2012;6:303-9.
84. Soderlin MK, Petersson IF, Geborek P. The effect of smoking on response and drug survival in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with their first anti-TNF drug. Scand J Rheumatol 2012;41:1-9.
85. Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW et al. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:2793-806.
86. Mease PJ, Revicki DA, Szechinski J et al. Improved health-related quality of life for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving rituximab: results of the Dose-Ranging Assessment: International Clinical Evaluation of Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis (DANCER) Trial. J Rheumatol 2008;35:20-30.
87. Tak PP, Rigby W, Rubbert-Roth A et al. Sustained inhibition of progressive joint damage with rituximab plus methotrexate in early active rheumatoid arthritis: 2-year results from the randomised controlled trial IMAGE. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:351-7.
88. Moreland LW, Alten R, Van den Bosch F et al. Costimulatory blockade in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot, dose-finding, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating CTLA-4Ig and LEA29Y eighty-five days after the first infusion. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1470-9.
89. Westhovens R, Robles M, Ximenes AC et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:1870-7.
90. Genovese MC, Schiff M, Luggen M et al. Efficacy and safety of the selective co-stimulation modulator abatacept following 2 years of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:547-54.
91. Pascual DW, Yang X, Holderness K et al. Regulatory T-cell vaccination independent of auto-antigen. Exp Mol Med 2014;46:e82.
92. Tak PP. Are we ready to change the pace of arthritis treatment? Treating pre-arthritis and very early arthritis. Acta Reumatol Port 2011;36:8-9.