A retrospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in female health professionals

Arthritis and Rheumatism

Volumn 42, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 910-917

  Karlson, Elizabeth W ^a,b   Lee, I Min ^a   Cook, Nancy R ^a   Manson, JoAnn E ^a   Buring, Julie E ^a   Hennekens, Charles H ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b Harvard School of Public Health ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR;

ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; COHORT STUDIES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING;

EID: 0032906361     PISSN: 00043591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199905)42:5<910::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-D     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Linos A, Worthington JW, O'Fallon WM, Kurland LT. The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota: a study of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Am J Epidemiol 1980;111:87-98.
2. Dugowson CE, Koepsell TD, Voigt LF, Bley L, Nelson JL, Daling JR. Rheumatoid arthritis in women: incidence rates in Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, 1987-1989. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34:1502-7.
3. Chan K-WA, Felson DT, Yood RA, Walker AM. Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in central Massachusetts. Arthritis Rheum 1993;36:1691-6.
4. Nepom GT, Byers P, Seyfried C, Healey LA, Wilske KR, Stage D, et al. HLA genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis: identification of susceptibility alleles using specific oligonucleotide probes. Arthritis Rheum 1989;32:15-21.
5. Wordsworth BP, Lanchbury JS, Sakkas LI, Welsh KI, Panayi GS, Bell JI. HLA-DR4 subtype frequencies in rheumatoid arthritis indicate that DRB1 is the major susceptibility locus within the HLA class II region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989;86:10049-53.
6. Ronningen KS, Spurkland A, Egeland T, Iwe T, Munthe E, Vartdal F, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis may be primarily associated with HLA-DR4 molecules sharing a particular sequence at residues 67-74. Tissue Antigens 1990;36:235-40.
7. Hernandez Avila M, Liang MH, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner B, et al. Reproductive factors, smoking, and the risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology 1990;1:285-91.
8. Heliovaara M, Aho K, Aromaa A, Knekt P, Reunanen A. Smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1993;20:1830-5.
9. Voigt LF, Koepsell TD, Nelson JL, Dugowson CE, Daling JR. Smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology 1994;5:525-32.
10. Vessey MP, Villard-Mackintosh L, Yeates D. Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis. Con traception 1987;35:457-64.
11. Symmons DPM, Bankhead CR, Harrison BJ, Brennan P, Barrett EM, Scott DGI, et al. Blood transfusion, smoking, and obesity as risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis: results from a primary care-based incident case-control study in Norfolk, England. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1955-61.
12. Silman AJ, Newman J, MacGregor AJ. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from a nationwide study of disease-discordant twins. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:732-5.
13. Hazes JM, Dijkmans BA, Vandenbroucke JP, de Vries RR, Cats A. Lifestyle and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:980-2.
14. Ostensen M, Aune B, Husby G. Effect of pregnancy and hormonal changes on the activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1983;12:69-72.
15. Silman A, Kay A, Brennan P. Timing of pregnancy in relation to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1992;35:152-5.
16. Spector TD, Roman E, Silman AJ. The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:782-9.
17. Hazes JMW, Dijkmans BAC, Vandenbroucke JP, de Vries RRP, Cats A. Pregnancy and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1770-5.
18. Spector TD, Hochberg MC. The protective effect of the oral contraceptive pill on rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of the analytical epidemiological studies using meta-analysis. Br J Rheumatol 1989;28 Suppl 1:11-2.
19. Romieu I, Hernandez-Avila M, Liang MH. Oral contraceptives and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of a conflicting literature. Br J Rheumatol 1989;28 Suppl 1:13-7.
20. Vandenbroucke JP, Witteman JC, Valkenburg HA, Boersma JW, Cats A, Festen JJ, et al. Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. JAMA 1986;255:1299-303.
21. Masi AT, Feigenbaum SL, Chatterton RT. Hormonal and pregnancy relationships to rheumatoid arthritis: convergent effects with immunologic and microvascular systems. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1995;25:1-27.
22. Masi AT. Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis: do the observed age-sex interaction patterns support a role of androgenic-anabolic steroid deficiency in its pathogenesis? Br J Rheumatol 1994;33:697-9.
23. Baron JA, La Vecchia C, Levi F. The antiestrogenic effect of cigarette smoking in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162:502-14.
24. Lahita RG. Sex hormones and the immune system. Part 1. Human data. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1990;4:1-12.
25. Grossman CJ. Regulation of the immune system by sex steroids. Endocr Rev 1984;5:435-55.
26. Paavonen T. Hormonal regulation of immune responses. Ann Med 1994;26:255-8.
27. Buring JE, Hennekens CH, for the Women's Health Study Research Group. The Women's Health Study: summary of the study design. J Myocardial Ischemia 1992;4:27-9.
28. Buring JE, Hennekens CH, for the Women's Health Study Research Group. The Women's Health Study: rationale and background. J Myocardial Ischemia 1992;4:30-40.
29. Hennekens CH, Lee IM, Cook NR, Hebert PR, Karlson EW, LaMotte F et al. Self-reported breast implants and connective-tissue diseases in female health professionals: a retrospective cohort study. JAMA 1996;275:616-21.
30. SAS. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6. 4th ed. Cary (NC): SAS; 1990.
31. Holmdahl R, Carlsten H, Jansson L, Larsson P. Oestrogen is a potent immunomodulator of murine experimental rheumatoid disease. Br J Rheumatol 1989;28 Suppl 1:54-8.
32. Holmdahl R, Jansson L, Andersson M. Female sex hormones suppress development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:1501-9.
33. MacDonald AG, Murphy EA, Capell HA, Bankowska UZ, Ralston SH. Effects of hormone replacement therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind placebo-controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 1994;53:54-7.
34. Hall GM, Daniels M, Huskisson EC, Spector TD. A randomised controlled trial of the effect of hormone replacement therapy on disease activity in postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1994;53:112-6.
35. Latman NS. Relation of menstrual cycle phase to symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 1983;74:957-60.
36. Goemaere S, Ackerman C, Goethals K, de Keyser F, van der Straeten C, Verbruggen G, et al. Onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to age, sex and menopausal transition. J Rheumatol 1990;17:1620-2.
37. Del Junco DJ, Annegers JF, Coulam CB, Luthra HS. The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and reproductive function. Br J Rheumatol 1989;28 Suppl 1:33.
38. Deighton CM, Sykes H, Walker DJ. Rheumatoid arthritis, HLA identity, and age at menarche. Ann Rheum Dis 1993;52:322-6.
39. Brun JG, Nilssen S, Kvale G. Breast feeding, other reproductive factors and rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study. Br J Rheumatol 1995;34:542-6.
40. Linos A, Worthington JW, O'Fallon WM, Kurland LT. Case-control study of rheumatoid arthritis and prior use of oral contraceptives. Lancet 1983;1:1299-300.
41. Hernandez-Avila M, Liang MH, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner B, et al. Exogenous sex hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:947-53.
42. Carette S, Marcoux S, Gingras S. Postmenopausal hormones and the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1989;16:911-3.
43. Spector TD, Brennan P, Harris P, Studd JW, Silman AJ. Does estrogen replacement therapy protect against rheumatoid arthritis? J Rheumatol 1991;18:1473-6.
44. Koepsell TD, Dugowson CE, Nelson JL, Voigt LF, Daling JR. Non-contraceptive hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in menopausal women. Int J Epidemiol 1994;23:1248-55.
45. Star VL, Scott JC, Sherwin R, Lane N, Nevitt MC, Hochberg MC. Validity of self-reported rheumatoid arthritis in elderly women. J Rheumatol 1996;23:1862-5.
46. Kvien TK, Glennas A, Knudsrod OG, Smedstad LM. The validity of self-reported diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population survey followed by clinical examinations. J Rheumatol 1996;23:1866-71.
47. Sanchez-Guerrero J, Colditz GA, Karlson EW, Hunter DJ, Speizer FE, Liang MH. Silicone breast implants and the risk of connective-tissue diseases and symptoms. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1666-70.
48. Tuomi T, Heliovaara M, Palosuo T, Aho K. Smoking, lung function, and rheumatoid factors. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:753-6.
49. Mathews JD, Whittingham S, Hooper BM, Mackay IR, Stenhouse NS. Association of autoantibodies with smoking, cardiovascular morbidity, and death in the Busselton population. Lancet 1973;2:754-8.