메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 902-912

Dietary betaine supplementation increases Fgf21 levels to improve glucose homeostasis and reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in mice

(17)  Ejaz, Asma a   Martinez Guino, Laura b   Goldfine, Allison B a   Ribas Aulinas, Francesc c   De Nigris, Valeria d   Ribó, Sílvia b   Gonzalez Franquesa, Alba d   Garcia Roves, Pablo M c,d,e   Li, Elizabeth a   Dreyfuss, Jonathan M a,f   Gall, Walt g   Kim, Jason K h   Bottiglieri, Teodoro i   Villarroya, Francesc c   Gerszten, Robert E j   Patti, Mary Elizabeth a   Lerin, Carles b  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETAINE; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; GLUCOSE;

EID: 84962135673     PISSN: 00121797     EISSN: 1939327X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/db15-1094     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (92)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0026793446 scopus 로고
    • Role of glucose and insulin resistance in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results of a 25-year follow-up study
    • Martin BC, Warram JH, Krolewski A.S., Bergman RN, Soeldner JS, Kahn CR. Role of glucose and insulin resistance in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a 25-year follow-up study. Lancet 1992; 340:925-929
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 925-929
    • Martin, B.C.1    Warram, J.H.2    Krolewski, A.S.3    Bergman, R.N.4    Soeldner, J.S.5    Kahn, C.R.6
  • 2
    • 0037034257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
    • Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler S.E., et al.; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:393-403
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 393-403
    • Knowler, W.C.1    Barrett-Connor, E.2    Fowler, S.E.3
  • 3
    • 77956293821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-hydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic population
    • Gall WE, Beebe K, Lawton K.A., et al.; RISC Study Group. alpha-hydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic population. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10883
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Gall, W.E.1    Beebe, K.2    Lawton, K.A.3
  • 4
    • 63449111894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance
    • Newgard CB, An J, Bain J.R., et al. A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2009; 9:311-326
    • (2009) Cell Metab , vol.9 , pp. 311-326
    • Newgard, C.B.1    An, J.2    Bain, J.R.3
  • 5
    • 79953737332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes
    • Wang TJ, Larson MG, Vasan R.S., et al. Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes. Nat Med 2011; 17:448-453
    • (2011) Nat Med , vol.17 , pp. 448-453
    • Wang, T.J.1    Larson, M.G.2    Vasan, R.S.3
  • 6
    • 84962148165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite profiles of diabetes incidence and intervention response in the diabetes prevention program
    • 9 February [Epub ahead of print]
    • Walford GA, Ma Y, Clish C., et al. Metabolite profiles of diabetes incidence and intervention response in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes. 9 February 2016 [Epub ahead of print]. DOI:10.2337/db15-1063
    • (2016) Diabetes
    • Walford, G.A.1    Ma, Y.2    Clish, C.3
  • 7
    • 4544358286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine in human nutrition
    • Craig SA. Betaine in human nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:539-549
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 539-549
    • Craig, S.A.1
  • 8
    • 38949156619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of inflammatory markers in healthy adults: The ATTICA study
    • Detopoulou P, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S, Pitsavos C., Stefanadis C. Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of inflammatory markers in healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:424-430
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.87 , pp. 424-430
    • Detopoulou, P.1    Panagiotakos, D.B.2    Antonopoulou, S.3    Pitsavos, C.4    Stefanadis, C.5
  • 9
    • 42449163324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent associations of plasma choline and betaine with components of metabolic syndrome in middle age and elderly men and women
    • Konstantinova SV, Tell GS, Vollset S.E., Nygård O, Bleie Ø, Ueland PM. Divergent associations of plasma choline and betaine with components of metabolic syndrome in middle age and elderly men and women. J Nutr 2008; 138:914-920
    • (2008) J Nutr , vol.138 , pp. 914-920
    • Konstantinova, S.V.1    Tell, G.S.2    Vollset, S.E.3    Nygård, O.4    Bleie, O.5    Ueland, P.M.6
  • 11
    • 31544452079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orally administered betaine has an acute and dose-dependent effect on serum betaine and plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy humans
    • Schwab U, Törrönen A, Meririnne E, et al. Orally administered betaine has an acute and dose-dependent effect on serum betaine and plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy humans. J Nutr 2006; 136:34-38
    • (2006) J Nutr , vol.136 , pp. 34-38
    • Schwab, U.1    Törrönen, A.2    Meririnne, E.3
  • 12
    • 1842331509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European concerted action project
    • Graham IM, Daly LE, Refsum H.M., et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European Concerted Action Project. JAMA 1997; 277:1775-1781
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 1775-1781
    • Graham, I.M.1    Daly, L.E.2    Refsum, H.M.3
  • 13
    • 35349024283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in beneficial effects of betaine on high-sucrose diet-induced hepatic steatosis
    • Song Z, Deaciuc I, Zhou Z., et al. Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in beneficial effects of betaine on high-sucrose diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G894-G902
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.293 , pp. G894-G902
    • Song, Z.1    Deaciuc, I.2    Zhou, Z.3
  • 14
    • 33845676630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis by restoring phosphatidylcholine generation via the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway
    • Kharbanda KK, Mailliard ME, Baldwin C.R., Beckenhauer HC, Sorrell MF, Tuma DJ. Betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis by restoring phosphatidylcholine generation via the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway. J Hepatol 2007; 46:314-321
    • (2007) J Hepatol , vol.46 , pp. 314-321
    • Kharbanda, K.K.1    Mailliard, M.E.2    Baldwin, C.R.3    Beckenhauer, H.C.4    Sorrell, M.F.5    Tuma, D.J.6
  • 15
    • 78149479415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine improves nonalcoholic fatty liver and associated hepatic insulin resistance: A potential mechanism for hepatoprotection by betaine
    • Kathirvel E, Morgan K, Nandgiri G., et al. Betaine improves nonalcoholic fatty liver and associated hepatic insulin resistance: a potential mechanism for hepatoprotection by betaine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299: G1068-G1077
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.299 , pp. G1068-G1077
    • Kathirvel, E.1    Morgan, K.2    Nandgiri, G.3
  • 16
    • 77951468032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine improved adipose tissue function in mice fed a high-fat diet: A mechanism for hepatoprotective effect of betaine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Wang Z, Yao T, Pini M., Zhou Z, Fantuzzi G, Song Z. Betaine improved adipose tissue function in mice fed a high-fat diet: a mechanism for hepatoprotective effect of betaine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G634-G642
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.298 , pp. G634-G642
    • Wang, Z.1    Yao, T.2    Pini, M.3    Zhou, Z.4    Fantuzzi, G.5    Song, Z.6
  • 17
    • 79952221472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased SRF transcriptional activity in human and mouse skeletal muscle is a signature of insulin resistance
    • Jin W, Goldfine AB, Boes T, et al Increased SRF transcriptional activity in human and mouse skeletal muscle is a signature of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:918-929
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , pp. 918-929
    • Jin, W.1    Goldfine, A.B.2    Boes, T.3
  • 18
    • 84879666287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against cardiac hypertrophy in mice
    • Planavila A, Redondo I, Hondares E., et al. Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2019
    • (2013) Nat Commun , vol.4 , pp. 2019
    • Planavila, A.1    Redondo, I.2    Hondares, E.3
  • 20
    • 84906908122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S-adenosylmethionine mediates inhibition of inflammatory response and changes in DNA methylation in human macrophages
    • Pfalzer AC, Choi S-W, Tammen SA, et al S-adenosylmethionine mediates inhibition of inflammatory response and changes in DNA methylation in human macrophages. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:617-623
    • (2014) Physiol Genomics , vol.46 , pp. 617-623
    • Pfalzer, A.C.1    Choi, S.-W.2    Tammen, S.A.3
  • 21
    • 68949148655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle: New perspectives of mitochondrial physiology
    • Gnaiger E. Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle: new perspectives of mitochondrial physiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41: 1837-1845
    • (2009) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.41 , pp. 1837-1845
    • Gnaiger, E.1
  • 22
    • 0023120630 scopus 로고
    • Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp
    • Bergman RN, Prager R, Volund A., Olefsky JM. Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp. J Clin Invest 1987; 79:790-800
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.79 , pp. 790-800
    • Bergman, R.N.1    Prager, R.2    Volund, A.3    Olefsky, J.M.4
  • 23
    • 84939993002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial antioxidant properties of betaine against oxidative stress mediated by levodopa/benserazide in the brain of rats
    • Alirezaei M, Khoshdel Z, Dezfoulian O., Rashidipour M, Taghadosi V. Beneficial antioxidant properties of betaine against oxidative stress mediated by levodopa/benserazide in the brain of rats. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:243-252
    • (2015) J Physiol Sci , vol.65 , pp. 243-252
    • Alirezaei, M.1    Khoshdel, Z.2    Dezfoulian, O.3    Rashidipour, M.4    Taghadosi, V.5
  • 24
    • 84884388379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alleviation of alcoholic liver injury by betaine involves an enhancement of antioxidant defense via regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism
    • Jung YS, Kim SJ, Kwon Y, et al Alleviation of alcoholic liver injury by betaine involves an enhancement of antioxidant defense via regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:292-298
    • (2013) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.62 , pp. 292-298
    • Jung, Y.S.1    Kim, S.J.2    Kwon, Y.3
  • 25
    • 84905679771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The breadth of FGF21's metabolic actions are governed by FGFR1 in adipose tissue
    • Adams AC, Yang C, Coskun T., et al. The breadth of FGF21's metabolic actions are governed by FGFR1 in adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2012; 2:31-37
    • (2012) Mol Metab , vol.2 , pp. 31-37
    • Adams, A.C.1    Yang, C.2    Coskun, T.3
  • 26
    • 84865741904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • βKlotho is required for fibroblast growth factor 21 effects on growth and metabolism
    • Ding X, Boney-Montoya J, Owen B.M., et al. βKlotho is required for fibroblast growth factor 21 effects on growth and metabolism. Cell Metab 2012; 16:387-393
    • (2012) Cell Metab , vol.16 , pp. 387-393
    • Ding, X.1    Boney-Montoya, J.2    Owen, B.M.3
  • 27
    • 84863637593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF21 promotes metabolic homeostasis via white adipose and leptin in mice
    • Véniant M.M., Hale C, Helmering J., et al. FGF21 promotes metabolic homeostasis via white adipose and leptin in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40164
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Véniant, M.M.1    Hale, C.2    Helmering, J.3
  • 28
    • 84863012022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis
    • Fisher FM, Kleiner S, Douris N., et al. FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis. Genes Dev 2012; 26:271-281
    • (2012) Genes Dev , vol.26 , pp. 271-281
    • Fisher, F.M.1    Kleiner, S.2    Douris, N.3
  • 29
    • 84860756406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite profiling identifies pathways associated with metabolic risk in humans
    • Cheng S, Rhee EP, Larson M.G., et al. Metabolite profiling identifies pathways associated with metabolic risk in humans. Circulation 2012; 125:2222-2231
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.125 , pp. 2222-2231
    • Cheng, S.1    Rhee, E.P.2    Larson, M.G.3
  • 30
    • 84943184774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethylglycine deficiency and the development of diabetes
    • Magnusson M, Wang TJ, Clish C, et al Dimethylglycine deficiency and the development of diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:3010-3016
    • (2015) Diabetes , vol.64 , pp. 3010-3016
    • Magnusson, M.1    Wang, T.J.2    Clish, C.3
  • 31
    • 57449098893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients as predictors of plasma choline and betaine in middle-aged and elderly men and women
    • Konstantinova SV, Tell GS, Vollset S.E., Ulvik A., Drevon CA, Ueland PM. Dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients as predictors of plasma choline and betaine in middle-aged and elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88: 1663-1669
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88 , pp. 1663-1669
    • Konstantinova, S.V.1    Tell, G.S.2    Vollset, S.E.3    Ulvik, A.4    Drevon, C.A.5    Ueland, P.M.6
  • 32
    • 84876563088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk
    • Tang WHW, Wang Z, Levison B.S., et al. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1575-1584
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 1575-1584
    • Tang, W.H.W.1    Wang, Z.2    Levison, B.S.3
  • 33
    • 84898859680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of choline and betaine depends on intestinal microbiota-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide
    • Wang Z, Tang WHW, Buffa JA, et al Prognostic value of choline and betaine depends on intestinal microbiota-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:904-910
    • (2014) Eur Heart J , vol.35 , pp. 904-910
    • Wang, Z.1    Tang, W.H.W.2    Buffa, J.A.3
  • 34
    • 78651163238 scopus 로고
    • Actions of betaine, carnitine and choline on the pattern of hepatic liposis in mice fed a high-fat, low-protein diet
    • Ball CR. Actions of betaine, carnitine and choline on the pattern of hepatic liposis in mice fed a high-fat, low-protein diet. Anat Rec 1964; 149:677-689
    • (1964) Anat Rec , vol.149 , pp. 677-689
    • Ball, C.R.1
  • 35
    • 84904297835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyl-donor supplementation in obese mice prevents the progression of NAFLD, activates AMPK and decreases acyl-carnitine levels
    • Dahlhoff C, Worsch S, Sailer M., et al. Methyl-donor supplementation in obese mice prevents the progression of NAFLD, activates AMPK and decreases acyl-carnitine levels. Mol Metab 2014; 3:565-580
    • (2014) Mol Metab , vol.3 , pp. 565-580
    • Dahlhoff, C.1    Worsch, S.2    Sailer, M.3
  • 36
    • 74049108945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor 21: From pharmacology to physiology
    • Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ Fibroblast growth factor 21: from pharmacology to physiology. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:254S-257S
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.91 , pp. 254S-257S
    • Kliewer, S.A.1    Mangelsdorf, D.J.2
  • 37
    • 84883481988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of LY2405319, an FGF21 analog, in obese human subjects with type 2 diabetes
    • Gaich G, Chien JY, Fu H, et al The effects of LY2405319, an FGF21 analog, in obese human subjects with type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2013; 18:333-340
    • (2013) Cell Metab , vol.18 , pp. 333-340
    • Gaich, G.1    Chien, J.Y.2    Fu, H.3
  • 38
    • 34249686631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine regulation of the fasting response by PPARalpha-mediated induction of fibroblast growth factor 21
    • Inagaki T, Dutchak P, Zhao G., et al. Endocrine regulation of the fasting response by PPARalpha-mediated induction of fibroblast growth factor 21. Cell Metab 2007; 5:415-425
    • (2007) Cell Metab , vol.5 , pp. 415-425
    • Inagaki, T.1    Dutchak, P.2    Zhao, G.3
  • 39
    • 84907015381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction
    • Laeger T, Henagan TM, Albarado D.C., et al. FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3913-3922
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , pp. 3913-3922
    • Laeger, T.1    Henagan, T.M.2    Albarado, D.C.3
  • 40
    • 84911917697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating FGF21 is liver derived and enhances glucose uptake during refeeding and overfeeding
    • Markan KR, Naber MC, Ameka M.K., et al. Circulating FGF21 is liver derived and enhances glucose uptake during refeeding and overfeeding. Diabetes 2014; 63:4057-4063
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , pp. 4057-4063
    • Markan, K.R.1    Naber, M.C.2    Ameka, M.K.3
  • 41
    • 34249711964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 is regulated by PPARalpha and is a key mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism in ketotic states
    • Badman MK, Pissios P, Kennedy A.R., Koukos G., Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E. Hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 is regulated by PPARalpha and is a key mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism in ketotic states. Cell Metab 2007; 5:426-437
    • (2007) Cell Metab , vol.5 , pp. 426-437
    • Badman, M.K.1    Pissios, P.2    Kennedy, A.R.3    Koukos, G.4    Flier, J.S.5    Maratos-Flier, E.6
  • 42
    • 77955474305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased fibroblast growth factor 21 in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Dushay J, Chui PC, Gopalakrishnan G.S., et al. Increased fibroblast growth factor 21 in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:456-463
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.139 , pp. 456-463
    • Dushay, J.1    Chui, P.C.2    Gopalakrishnan, G.S.3
  • 43
    • 61649127208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in dietinduced obese mice
    • Xu J, Lloyd DJ, Hale C, et al Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in dietinduced obese mice. Diabetes 2009; 58:250-259
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 250-259
    • Xu, J.1    Lloyd, D.J.2    Hale, C.3
  • 44
    • 84893849860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism
    • Emanuelli B, Vienberg SG, Smyth G, et al Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:515-527
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , pp. 515-527
    • Emanuelli, B.1    Vienberg, S.G.2    Smyth, G.3
  • 45
    • 57349098220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor 21 corrects obesity in mice
    • Coskun T, Bina HA, Schneider M.A., et al. Fibroblast growth factor 21 corrects obesity in mice. Endocrinology 2008; 149:6018-6027
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 6018-6027
    • Coskun, T.1    Bina, H.A.2    Schneider, M.A.3
  • 46
    • 84870750824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term fenofibrate therapy increases fibroblast growth factor 21 and retinol-binding protein 4 in subjects with type 2 diabetes
    • Ong KL, Rye K-A, O'Connell R, et al.; FIELD study investigators. Long-term fenofibrate therapy increases fibroblast growth factor 21 and retinol-binding protein 4 in subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:4701-4708
    • (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.97 , pp. 4701-4708
    • Ong, K.L.1    Rye, K.-A.2    O'Connell, R.3
  • 47
    • 84940208724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiobesity effect of a small molecule repressor of RORg
    • Chang MR, He Y, Khan T.M., et al. Antiobesity effect of a small molecule repressor of RORg. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:48-56
    • (2015) Mol Pharmacol , vol.88 , pp. 48-56
    • Chang, M.R.1    He, Y.2    Khan, T.M.3
  • 48
    • 84930579383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic effects of FGF21 are independent of the "browning" of white adipose tissue
    • Véniant M.M., Sivits G, Helmering J., et al. Pharmacologic effects of FGF21 are independent of the "browning" of white adipose tissue. Cell Metab 2015; 21:731-738
    • (2015) Cell Metab , vol.21 , pp. 731-738
    • Véniant, M.M.1    Sivits, G.2    Helmering, J.3
  • 49
    • 84929708081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrete aspects of FGF21 in vivo pharmacology do not require UCP1
    • Samms RJ, Smith DP, Cheng C.C., et al. Discrete aspects of FGF21 in vivo pharmacology do not require UCP1. Cell Reports 2015; 11:991-999
    • (2015) Cell Reports , vol.11 , pp. 991-999
    • Samms, R.J.1    Smith, D.P.2    Cheng, C.C.3
  • 50
    • 77955434383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates energy metabolism by activating the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1a pathway
    • Chau MDL, Gao J, Yang Q., Wu Z, Gromada J. Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates energy metabolism by activating the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1a pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:12553-12558
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 12553-12558
    • Chau, M.D.L.1    Gao, J.2    Yang, Q.3    Wu, Z.4    Gromada, J.5
  • 51
    • 78650945931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice
    • Seale P, Conroe HM, Estall J, et al Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121: 96-105
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , pp. 96-105
    • Seale, P.1    Conroe, H.M.2    Estall, J.3
  • 52
    • 84925012895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine supplementation prevents fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet: Effects on one-carbon metabolism
    • Deminice R, da Silva RP, Lamarre SG, et al. Betaine supplementation prevents fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet: effects on one-carbon metabolism. Amino Acids 2015; 47:839-846
    • (2015) Amino Acids , vol.47 , pp. 839-846
    • Deminice, R.1    Da Silva, R.P.2    Lamarre, S.G.3
  • 53
    • 84860864339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase deficiency reduces body fat via increasing energy expenditure and impairing lipid synthesis and enhancing glucose oxidation in white adipose tissue
    • Teng YW, Ellis JM, Coleman R.A., Zeisel SH. Mouse betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase deficiency reduces body fat via increasing energy expenditure and impairing lipid synthesis and enhancing glucose oxidation in white adipose tissue. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16187-16198
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , pp. 16187-16198
    • Teng, Y.W.1    Ellis, J.M.2    Coleman, R.A.3    Zeisel, S.H.4
  • 54
    • 84936890278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation via enhancing hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in rats fed with a high-fat diet
    • Xu L, Huang D, Hu Q., Wu J, Wang Y, Feng J. Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation via enhancing hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1835-1843
    • (2015) Br J Nutr , vol.113 , pp. 1835-1843
    • Xu, L.1    Huang, D.2    Hu, Q.3    Wu, J.4    Wang, Y.5    Feng, J.6
  • 55
    • 73149092115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Abdelmalek MF, Sanderson SO, Angulo P, et al Betaine for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 2009; 50:1818-1826
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.50 , pp. 1818-1826
    • Abdelmalek, M.F.1    Sanderson, S.O.2    Angulo, P.3
  • 56
    • 0036829164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjects
    • Schwab U, Törrönen A, Toppinen L, et al. Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:961-967
    • (2002) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.76 , pp. 961-967
    • Schwab, U.1    Törrönen, A.2    Toppinen, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.