메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

The dual S1PR1/S1PR5 drug BAF312 (Siponimod) attenuates demyelination in organotypic slice cultures

Author keywords

Aastrocytes; Demyelination; Krabbe disease; Siponimod (BAF312); Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptors (S1PRs)

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 6; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; PROTEIN KINASE B; PSYCHOSINE; SIPONIMOD; SPHINGOSINE 1 PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR; SPHINGOSINE 1 PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR 1; SPHINGOSINE 1 PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR 5; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; 1-(4-(1-((E)-4-CYCLOHEXYL-3-TRIFLUOROMETHYLBENZYLOXYIMINO)-ETHYL)-2-ETHYLBENZYL)-AZETIDINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID; 2-(4-(5-(3,4-DIETHOXYPHENYL)-1,2,4-OXADIAZOL-3-YL)-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-INDEN-1-YL AMINO)ETHANOL; 3 [2 (3 TRIFLUOROMETHYL 4 BIPHENYLYL)BENZO[B]THIEN 5 YLMETHYLAMINO]PROPIONIC ACID; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; AZETIDINE DERIVATIVE; BENZYL DERIVATIVE; BETA ALANINE; EIF2AK3 PROTEIN, HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INDAN DERIVATIVE; OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVE; PROTEIN KINASE R; THIOPHENE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 84958155181     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17422094     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0494-x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (108)

References (42)
  • 1
    • 77953790503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on sphingosine-1-phosphate and other sphingolipid mediators
    • Fyrst H, Saba JD. An update on sphingosine-1-phosphate and other sphingolipid mediators. Nat Chem Biol. 2010;6(7):489-97.
    • (2010) Nat Chem Biol , vol.6 , Issue.7 , pp. 489-497
    • Fyrst, H.1    Saba, J.D.2
  • 2
    • 76149093586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos L, Radue E-W, O'Connor P, Polman C, Hohlfeld R, Calabresi P, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(5):387-401.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , Issue.5 , pp. 387-401
    • Kappos, L.1    Radue, E.-W.2    O'Connor, P.3    Polman, C.4    Hohlfeld, R.5    Calabresi, P.6
  • 3
    • 40649122843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Its discovery and the following accelerated development of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists as immunomodulators based on reverse pharmacology
    • Adachi K, Chiba K, FTY720 story. Its discovery and the following accelerated development of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists as immunomodulators based on reverse pharmacology. Perspect Medicin Chem. 2008;1:11-23.
    • (2008) Perspect Medicin Chem , vol.1 , pp. 11-23
    • Adachi, K.1    Chiba, K.2
  • 4
    • 79959846854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod modulates microglial activation to augment markers of remyelination
    • Jackson SJ, Giovannoni G, Baker D. Fingolimod modulates microglial activation to augment markers of remyelination. J Neuroinflammation. 2011;8:76.
    • (2011) J Neuroinflammation , vol.8 , pp. 76
    • Jackson, S.J.1    Giovannoni, G.2    Baker, D.3
  • 5
    • 79551674537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation
    • Choi JW, Gardell SE, Herr DR, Rivera R, Lee CW, Noguchi K, et al. FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108(2):751-6.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.108 , Issue.2 , pp. 751-756
    • Choi, J.W.1    Gardell, S.E.2    Herr, D.R.3    Rivera, R.4    Lee, C.W.5    Noguchi, K.6
  • 6
    • 36549047503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors: implication for FTY720 in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Dev KK, Mullershausen F, Mattes H, Kuhn RR, Bilbe G, Hoyer D, et al. Brain sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors: implication for FTY720 in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther. 2008;117(1):77-93.
    • (2008) Pharmacol Ther , vol.117 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-93
    • Dev, K.K.1    Mullershausen, F.2    Mattes, H.3    Kuhn, R.R.4    Bilbe, G.5    Hoyer, D.6
  • 7
    • 77957660978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and synthesis of selective and potent orally active S1P5 agonists
    • Mattes H, Dev KK, Bouhelal R, Barske C, Gasparini F, Guerini D, et al. Design and synthesis of selective and potent orally active S1P5 agonists. ChemMedChem. 2010;5(10):1693-6.
    • (2010) ChemMedChem , vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp. 1693-1696
    • Mattes, H.1    Dev, K.K.2    Bouhelal, R.3    Barske, C.4    Gasparini, F.5    Guerini, D.6
  • 8
    • 77953225859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod (FTY720) enhances remyelination following demyelination of organotypic cerebellar slices
    • Miron VE, Ludwin SK, Darlington PJ, Jarjour AA, Soliven B, Kennedy TE, et al. Fingolimod (FTY720) enhances remyelination following demyelination of organotypic cerebellar slices. Am J Pathol. 2010;176(6):2682-94.
    • (2010) Am J Pathol , vol.176 , Issue.6 , pp. 2682-2694
    • Miron, V.E.1    Ludwin, S.K.2    Darlington, P.J.3    Jarjour, A.A.4    Soliven, B.5    Kennedy, T.E.6
  • 9
    • 84856219980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S1P1 receptor subtype inhibits demyelination and regulates chemokine release in cerebellar slice cultures
    • Sheridan GK, Dev KK. S1P1 receptor subtype inhibits demyelination and regulates chemokine release in cerebellar slice cultures. Glia. 2012;60(3):382-92.
    • (2012) Glia , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 382-392
    • Sheridan, G.K.1    Dev, K.K.2
  • 10
    • 84875200649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of BAF312 (Siponimod), a potent and selective S1P receptor modulator
    • Pan S, Gray NS, Gao W, Mi Y, Fan Y, Wang X, et al. Discovery of BAF312 (Siponimod), a potent and selective S1P receptor modulator. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2013;4(3):333-7.
    • (2013) ACS Med Chem Lett , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 333-337
    • Pan, S.1    Gray, N.S.2    Gao, W.3    Mi, Y.4    Fan, Y.5    Wang, X.6
  • 11
    • 1842610141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive expression of the S1P1 receptor in adult tissues
    • Chae SS, Proia RL, Hla T. Constitutive expression of the S1P1 receptor in adult tissues. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2004;73(1-2):141-50.
    • (2004) Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat , vol.73 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 141-150
    • Chae, S.S.1    Proia, R.L.2    Hla, T.3
  • 12
    • 2142851264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lysophospholipid receptors: signaling and biology
    • Ishii I, Fukushima N, Ye X, Chun J. Lysophospholipid receptors: signaling and biology. Annu Rev Biochem. 2004;73(1):321-54.
    • (2004) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.73 , Issue.1 , pp. 321-354
    • Ishii, I.1    Fukushima, N.2    Ye, X.3    Chun, J.4
  • 13
    • 13844271705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edg8/S1P5: an oligodendroglial receptor with dual function on process retraction and cell survival
    • Jaillard C, Harrison S, Stankoff B, Aigrot MS, Calver AR, Duddy G, et al. Edg8/S1P5: an oligodendroglial receptor with dual function on process retraction and cell survival. J Neurosci. 2005;25(6):1459-69.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 1459-1469
    • Jaillard, C.1    Harrison, S.2    Stankoff, B.3    Aigrot, M.S.4    Calver, A.R.5    Duddy, G.6
  • 15
    • 11144355672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune cell regulation and cardiovascular effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists in rodents are mediated via distinct receptor subtypes
    • Forrest M, Sun S-Y, Hajdu R, Bergstrom J, Card D, Doherty G, et al. Immune cell regulation and cardiovascular effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists in rodents are mediated via distinct receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004;309(2):758-68.
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.309 , Issue.2 , pp. 758-768
    • Forrest, M.1    Sun, S.-Y.2    Hajdu, R.3    Bergstrom, J.4    Card, D.5    Doherty, G.6
  • 16
    • 84867319781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator BAF312 redirects lymphocyte distribution and has species-specific effects on heart rate
    • Gergely P, Nuesslein-Hildesheim B, Guerini D, Brinkmann V, Traebert M, Bruns C, et al. The selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator BAF312 redirects lymphocyte distribution and has species-specific effects on heart rate. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;167(5):1035-47.
    • (2012) Br J Pharmacol , vol.167 , Issue.5 , pp. 1035-1047
    • Gergely, P.1    Nuesslein-Hildesheim, B.2    Guerini, D.3    Brinkmann, V.4    Traebert, M.5    Bruns, C.6
  • 17
    • 84873465611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose titration of BAF312 attenuates the initial heart rate reducing effect in healthy subjects
    • Legangneux E, Gardin A, Johns D. Dose titration of BAF312 attenuates the initial heart rate reducing effect in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75(3):831-41.
    • (2013) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 831-841
    • Legangneux, E.1    Gardin, A.2    Johns, D.3
  • 18
    • 84880327078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Siponimod for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (BOLD): an adaptive, dose-ranging, randomised, phase 2 study
    • Selmaj K et al. Siponimod for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (BOLD): an adaptive, dose-ranging, randomised, phase 2 study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;2(8):756-67.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.2 , Issue.8 , pp. 756-767
    • Selmaj, K.1
  • 20
    • 84922990103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EBI2 regulates intracellular signaling and migration in human astrocyte
    • Rutkowska A, Preuss I, Gessier F, Sailer AW, Dev KK. EBI2 regulates intracellular signaling and migration in human astrocyte. Glia. 2015;63(2):341-51.
    • (2015) Glia , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 341-351
    • Rutkowska, A.1    Preuss, I.2    Gessier, F.3    Sailer, A.W.4    Dev, K.K.5
  • 21
    • 84902603087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod attenuates splenocyte-induced demyelination in cerebellar slice cultures
    • Pritchard AJ, Mir AK, Dev KK. Fingolimod attenuates splenocyte-induced demyelination in cerebellar slice cultures. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e99444.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. e99444
    • Pritchard, A.J.1    Mir, A.K.2    Dev, K.K.3
  • 22
    • 34547431060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylated FTY720 promotes astrocyte migration through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors
    • Mullershausen F et al. Phosphorylated FTY720 promotes astrocyte migration through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. J Neurochem. 2007;102(4):1151-61.
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.102 , Issue.4 , pp. 1151-1161
    • Mullershausen, F.1
  • 23
    • 84866690914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potent and selective S1P1 antagonist with efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Quancard J, Bollbuck B, Janser P, Angst D, Berst F, Buehlmayer P, et al. A potent and selective S1P1 antagonist with efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Chem Biol. 2012;19(9):1142-51.
    • (2012) Chem Biol , vol.19 , Issue.9 , pp. 1142-1151
    • Quancard, J.1    Bollbuck, B.2    Janser, P.3    Angst, D.4    Berst, F.5    Buehlmayer, P.6
  • 24
    • 34047253376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylated FTY720 stimulates ERK phosphorylation in astrocytes via S1P receptors
    • Osinde M, Mullershausen F, Dev KK. Phosphorylated FTY720 stimulates ERK phosphorylation in astrocytes via S1P receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2007;52(5):1210-8.
    • (2007) Neuropharmacology , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 1210-1218
    • Osinde, M.1    Mullershausen, F.2    Dev, K.K.3
  • 25
    • 17944363486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the G protein-coupled receptor EDG-1 is required for endothelial cell chemotaxis
    • Lee M-J et al. Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the G protein-coupled receptor EDG-1 is required for endothelial cell chemotaxis. Mol Cell. 2001;8(3):693-704.
    • (2001) Mol Cell , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 693-704
    • Lee, M.-J.1
  • 26
    • 67649185215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The receptor S1P1 overrides regulatory T cell-mediated immune suppression through Akt-mTOR
    • Liu G, Burns S, Huang G, Boyd K, Proia RL, Flavell RA, et al. The receptor S1P1 overrides regulatory T cell-mediated immune suppression through Akt-mTOR. Nat Immunol. 2009;10(7):769-77.
    • (2009) Nat Immunol , vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp. 769-777
    • Liu, G.1    Burns, S.2    Huang, G.3    Boyd, K.4    Proia, R.L.5    Flavell, R.A.6
  • 27
    • 84871440649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeostatic function of astrocytes: Ca(2+) and Na(+) signalling
    • Parpura V, Verkhratsky A. Homeostatic function of astrocytes: Ca(2+) and Na(+) signalling. Transl Neurosci. 2012;3(4):334-44.
    • (2012) Transl Neurosci , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 334-344
    • Parpura, V.1    Verkhratsky, A.2
  • 28
    • 34247167227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 sphingosine 1-phosphate g protein-coupled receptor (S1P1) mediation of enhanced IL-4 generation by CD4 T cells from S1P1 transgenic mice
    • Wang W, Huang M-C, Goetzl EJ. Type 1 sphingosine 1-phosphate g protein-coupled receptor (S1P1) mediation of enhanced IL-4 generation by CD4 T cells from S1P1 transgenic mice. J Immunol. 2007;178(8):4885-90.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.178 , Issue.8 , pp. 4885-4890
    • Wang, W.1    Huang, M.-C.2    Goetzl, E.J.3
  • 29
    • 42549124534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early attenuation of lesional interleukin-16 up-regulation by dexamethasone and FTY720 in experimental traumatic brain injury
    • Zhang Z, Fauser U, Schluesener HJ. Early attenuation of lesional interleukin-16 up-regulation by dexamethasone and FTY720 in experimental traumatic brain injury. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2008;34(3):330-9.
    • (2008) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 330-339
    • Zhang, Z.1    Fauser, U.2    Schluesener, H.J.3
  • 30
    • 84896314616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab (AIN457) attenuates IL17A-induced levels of IL6 in human astrocytes
    • Elain G et al. The selective anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab (AIN457) attenuates IL17A-induced levels of IL6 in human astrocytes. Glia. 2014;62(5):725-35.
    • (2014) Glia , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 725-735
    • Elain, G.1
  • 32
    • 84946097393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) induced demyelination is attenuated by sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling
    • O'Sullivan C, Dev KK. Galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) induced demyelination is attenuated by sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling. J Cell Sci. 2015;128(21):3878-87.
    • (2015) J Cell Sci , vol.128 , Issue.21 , pp. 3878-3887
    • O'Sullivan, C.1    Dev, K.K.2
  • 33
    • 35548984947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunomodulator FTY720 has a direct cytoprotective effect in oligodendrocyte progenitors
    • Coelho RP et al. The immunomodulator FTY720 has a direct cytoprotective effect in oligodendrocyte progenitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007;323(2):626-35.
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.323 , Issue.2 , pp. 626-635
    • Coelho, R.P.1
  • 34
    • 39049125218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FTY720 modulates human oligodendrocyte progenitor process extension and survival
    • Miron VE, Jung CG, Kim HJ, Kennedy TE, Soliven B, Antel JP, et al. FTY720 modulates human oligodendrocyte progenitor process extension and survival. Ann Neurol. 2008;63(1):61-71.
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-71
    • Miron, V.E.1    Jung, C.G.2    Kim, H.J.3    Kennedy, T.E.4    Soliven, B.5    Antel, J.P.6
  • 35
    • 35348940243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional consequences of S1P receptor modulation in rat oligodendroglial lineage cells
    • Jung CG, Kim HJ, Miron VE, Cook S, Kennedy TE, Foster CA, et al. Functional consequences of S1P receptor modulation in rat oligodendroglial lineage cells. Glia. 2007;55(16):1656-67.
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , Issue.16 , pp. 1656-1667
    • Jung, C.G.1    Kim, H.J.2    Miron, V.E.3    Cook, S.4    Kennedy, T.E.5    Foster, C.A.6
  • 36
    • 84862651591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to hepatic myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β1 via sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor axis
    • Yang L, Chang N, Liu X, Han Z, Zhu T, Li C, et al. Bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to hepatic myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β1 via sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor axis. Am J Pathol. 2012;181(1):85-97.
    • (2012) Am J Pathol , vol.181 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-97
    • Yang, L.1    Chang, N.2    Liu, X.3    Han, Z.4    Zhu, T.5    Li, C.6
  • 37
    • 84875367110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod phosphate promotes the neuroprotective effects of microglia
    • Noda H, Takeuchi H, Mizuno T, Suzumura A. Fingolimod phosphate promotes the neuroprotective effects of microglia. J Neuroimmunol. 2013;256(1-2):13-8.
    • (2013) J Neuroimmunol , vol.256 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 13-18
    • Noda, H.1    Takeuchi, H.2    Mizuno, T.3    Suzumura, A.4
  • 38
    • 79953675959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD11c-expressing cells reside in the juxtavascular parenchyma and extend processes into the glia limitans of the mouse nervous system
    • Prodinger C, Bunse J, Krüger M, Schiefenhövel F, Brandt C, Laman J, et al. CD11c-expressing cells reside in the juxtavascular parenchyma and extend processes into the glia limitans of the mouse nervous system. Acta Neuropathol. 2011;121(4):445-58.
    • (2011) Acta Neuropathol , vol.121 , Issue.4 , pp. 445-458
    • Prodinger, C.1    Bunse, J.2    Krüger, M.3    Schiefenhövel, F.4    Brandt, C.5    Laman, J.6
  • 39
    • 50949097403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of antigen in organotypic brain slices
    • Ling C, Verbny YI, Banks MI, Sandor M, Fabry Z. In situ activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of antigen in organotypic brain slices. J Immunol. 2008;180(12):8393-9.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.180 , Issue.12 , pp. 8393-8399
    • Ling, C.1    Verbny, Y.I.2    Banks, M.I.3    Sandor, M.4    Fabry, Z.5
  • 40
    • 0037066466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alteration of lymphocyte trafficking by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists
    • Mandala S, Hajdu R, Bergstrom J, Quackenbush E, Xie J, Milligan J, et al. Alteration of lymphocyte trafficking by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists. Science. 2002;296(5566):346-9.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , Issue.5566 , pp. 346-349
    • Mandala, S.1    Hajdu, R.2    Bergstrom, J.3    Quackenbush, E.4    Xie, J.5    Milligan, J.6
  • 41
    • 84933499198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P036-siponimod (BAF312) for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: design of the phase 3 EXPAND trial
    • Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, et al. P036-siponimod (BAF312) for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: design of the phase 3 EXPAND trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2014;3(6):752.
    • (2014) Mult Scler Relat Disord , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 752
    • Kappos, L.1    Bar-Or, A.2    Cree, B.3    Fox, R.4    Giovannoni, G.5    Gold, R.6
  • 42
    • 79960258821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression with FTY720 is insufficient to prevent secondary progressive neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Jackson SJ, Giovannoni G, Baker D. Immunosuppression with FTY720 is insufficient to prevent secondary progressive neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mult Scler J. 2011;17(8):939-48.
    • (2011) Mult Scler J , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 939-948
    • Al-Izki, S.1    Pryce, G.2    Jackson, S.J.3    Giovannoni, G.4    Baker, D.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.