Models of psychopathology: Generational processes and relational roles

Models of Psychopathology: Generational Processes and Relational Roles

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 1-237

  Hooper, Lisa M ^a   L’Abate, Luciano ^b   Sweeney, Laura G ^c   Gianesini, Giovanna ^d   Jankowski, Peter J ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

^b GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^e BETHEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84954445468     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/9781461480815     Document Type: Book

References (488)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Cusinato, M., & L’Abate, L. (2012). Advances in relational competence theory: With special attention to alexithymia. New York: Nova Science.
3. Graham, D. L. R., Rawlings, E. I., Ihms, K., Latimer, D., Foliano, J., Thompson, A., et al. (1995). A scale for identifying “Stockholm syndrome” reactions in young dating women: Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Violence and Victims, 10, 3–22.
4. Hartson, J., & Payne, B. (2006). Creating effective parenting plans: A developmental approach for lawyers and divorce professionals. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association.
5. Hooper, L. M. (2009). Parentification inventory. Available from L. M. Hooper, Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487.
6. Hooper, L. M. (2012). Parentification. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (Vol. 4, pp. 2023–2031). New York: Springer.
7. Hooper, L. M., DeCoster, J., White, N., & Voltz, M. L. (2011). Characterizing the magnitude of the relation between self-reported childhood parentification and adult psychopathology: A metaanalysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 1028–1043. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20807
8. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
9. Aquilino, W. S. (1999). Two views of one relationship: Comparing parents’ and young adult children’s reports of the quality of intergenerational relations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 858–870.
10. Bargh J. A. (Ed.). (2007). Social psychology and the unconscious: The automaticity of higher mental processes. New York: Psychology Press.
11. Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (2005). Dimensional versus categorical classification of mental disorders in the fi fth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders and beyond: Comment on special section. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 551–556.
12. Busby, D. M., Crane, D. R., Larson, J., & Christensen, C. (1995). A revision of the dyadic adjustment scale for use with distressed and nondistressed couples: Construct hierarchy and multidimensional scales. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21, 289–308.
13. Busby, D. M., Holman, T. B., & Taniguchi, N. (2001). RELATE: Relationship evaluation of the individual, family, cultural, and couple contexts. Family Relations, 50, 308–316.
14. Busby, D. M., Walker, E. C., & Holman, T. B. (2011). The association of childhood trauma with perceptions of self and the partner in adult romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 18, 547–561.
15. Carter, D. B. (Ed.). (1987). Current conceptions of sex roles and sex typing: Theory and research. New York: Praeger.
16. Coleman, M., Ganong, L., & Cable, S. M. (1997). Beliefs about women’s intergenerational family obligations to provide support before and after divorce and remarriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 165–176.
17. Colesso, W. (2012). Produced and spontaneous emergent interactionism. In L. L’Abate (Ed.), Paradigms in theory construction. New York: Springer-Science.
18. Cusinato, M., & L’Abate, L. (2012). Advances in relational competence theory: With special attention to alexithymia. New York: Nova Science.
19. De Giacomo, P., L’Abate, L., Pennebaker, J. W., & Rumbaugh, D. (2010). Amplifi cations and applications of Pennebaker’s analogic to digital model in health promotion, prevention, and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 17, 355–362.
20. De Giacomo, P., Mich, L., Santamaria, C., Sweeney, L. G., & De Giacomo, A. (2012). Information processing. In L. L’Abate (Ed.), Paradigms in theory construction (pp. 341–363). New York: Springer-Science.
21. Fryling, M. J., & Hayes, L. J. (2012). Interbehaviorism. In L. L’Abate (Ed.), Paradigms in theory construction (pp. 187–205). New York: Springer-Science.
22. Hassin, R. R., Uleman, J. S., & Bargh J. A. (Eds.). (2005). The new unconscious. New York: Oxford University Press.
23. Hooper, L. M. (2012a). Parentification. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (Vol. 4, pp. 2023–2031). New York: Springer.
24. Hooper, L. M. (2012b). Parentification. In K. Keith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of cross cultural psychology. New York: Springer.
25. Hoopes, M. H., & Harper, J. M. (1987). Birth order roles and sibling patterns in individual and family therapy. Rockwell, MD: Aspen.
26. Karpman, S. B. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 7, 39–43.
27. Karpman, S. B. (2009). Sex games people play: Intimacy blocks, games, and scripts. Transactional Analysis Journal, 39, 103–116.
28. Kaslow, F. W. (1996). History, rationale, and philosophic overview of issues and assumptions. In F. W. Kaslow (Ed.), Handbook of relational diagnosis and dysfunctional family patterns (pp. 3–18). New York: Wiley.
29. L’Abate, L. (2005). Personality in intimate relationships: Socialization and psychopathology. New York: Springer-Science.
30. L’Abate, L. (2008). Applications of relational competence theory to prevention and psychotherapy. In K. Jordan (Ed.), The quick theory reference guide: A resource for expert and novice mental health professionals (pp. 475–492). New York: Nova Science.
31. L’Abate, L. (2009a). The drama triangle: An attempt to resurrect a neglected pathogenic model in family therapy theory and practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 1–11.
32. L’Abate, L. (2009b). In search of a relational theory. American Psychologist, 64, 776–788.
33. L’Abate, L. (2009c). Paradigms, theories, and models: Two hierarchical frameworks. In L. L’Abate, P. De Giacomo, M. Capitelli, & S. Longo (Eds.), Science, mind and creativity: The Bari symposium (pp. 107–122). New York: Nova Science.
34. L’Abate, L. (2011). Hurt feelings: Theory, research, and applications in intimate relationships. New York: Cambridge University Press.
35. L’Abate, L. (Ed.). (2012). Paradigms in theory construction. New York: Springer-Science.
36. L’Abate, L., Cusinato, M., Maino, E., Colesso, W., & Scilletta, C. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and applications. New York: Springer-Science.
37. L’Abate, L., & Sweeney, L. G. (2011). Distance writing as the preferred medium of help and healing in the 21st century. In L. L’Abate & G. S. Sweeney (Eds.), Research on writing approaches in mental health (pp. 131–134). Bingley: Emerald Group.
38. Myers, S. M. (1999). Residential mobility as a way of life: Evidence of intergenerational similarities. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 871–880.
39. Rabin, J. S. (1987). Two-paycheck families: Psychological responses to social change. In B. D. Carter (Ed.), Current conceptions of sex roles and sex typing: Theory and research (pp. 193–210). New York: Praeger.
40. Reisig, C. N., & Fees, B. S. (2007). Older adults’ perceptions of well-being after intergenerational experiences with youth. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 4, 6–22.
41. Straus, M. A., & Yodanis, C. L. (1996). Corporal punishment in adolescence and physical assaults on spouses in later life: What accounts for the link? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 825–841.
42. VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
43. Widiger, T. A., & Samuel, D. B. (2005). Diagnostic categories or dimensions? A question for the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders (5th ed.). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 4, 494–504.
44. Zimbardo, P. G. (2007). The Lucifer effect: Understanding how good people turn evil. New York: Random House.
45. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author
46. Bagarozzi, D. J. (2013). Couples in collusion: Short-term, assessment-based strategies for helping couples disarm their defenses. New York: Taylor & Francis.
47. Bagby, R., Parker, J., & Taylor, G. (1994). The 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale. I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23–32.
48. Baumeister, R. F., & Tierney, J. (2011). Willpower: Rediscovering the greatest human strength. New York: Penguin.
49. Bergman, L. R., Magnusson, D., & El-Khouri, B. (2003). Studying individual development in an Individual context: A person-oriented approach. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
50. Broderick, C. B. (1993). Understanding family process: Basics of family systems theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
51. Bullock, B. M., & Dishion, T. J. (2002). Sibling collusion and problem behavior in early adolescence: Toward a process model for family mutuality. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 143–153. doi: 10.1023/A:1014753232153.
52. Carr, S. N., & Francis, A. J. P. (2010). Do early maladaptive schemas mediate the relationship between childhood experiences and avoidant personality disorder features? A preliminary investigation in a non-clinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 343–358. doi: 10.1007/s10608-009-9250-1.
53. Cohen, R., & Siegel, A. W. (Eds.). (1991). Context and development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
54. Coldwell, J., Pike, A., & Dunn, J. (2008). Maternal differential treatment and child adjustment: A multiinformant approach. Social Development, 17, 596–612. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00440.x.
55. Colesso, W. (2012). The continuum of likeness scales: A proposal for evaluating self-identity differentiation. In M. Cusinato & L. L’Abate (Eds.), Advances in relational competence theory: With special attention to alexithymia. New York: Nova Science.
56. Cusinato, M. (2012). Understanding alexithymia through an information processing model. In M. Cusinato & L. L’Abate (Eds.), Advances in relational competence theory: With special attention to alexithymia. New York: Nova Science.
57. Cusinato, M., & Colesso, W. (2008). Validation of the continuum of likeness in intimate relationships. In L. L’Abate (Ed.), Toward a science of clinical psychology: Laboratory evaluations and interventions (pp. 337–352). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
58. Cusinato, M., & L’Abate, L. (2008). Likeness: A hidden ingredient in family therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 116–125. doi: 10.1080/01926180701189812.
59. Cusinato, M., & L’Abate, L. (Eds.). (2012). Advances in relational competence theory: With special attention to alexithymia. New York: Nova Science.
60. De Man, A. F., Wong, I. N., & Leung, P. W. L. (2003). Perceived parental favoritism and suicidal ideation in Hong Kong adolescents. Social Behavior and Personality, 31, 245–252. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2003.31.3.245.
61. Diamond, L. M., & Facundes, C. P. (2012). Emotion regulation in close relationships: Implications for social threat and its effects on immunological functioning. In L. Campbell & T. J. Loving (Eds.), Interdisciplinary research on close relationships: The case for integration (pp. 83–106). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
62. Dix, T., & Buck, K. A. (2012). The emergence of social approach and avoidance motivation in early parent-child relationships. In L. Campbell & T. J. Loving (Eds.), Interdisciplinary research on close relationships: The case for integration (pp. 53–81). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
63. Dunning, D. (2012). The relation of self to social perception. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (2nd ed., pp. 481–501). New York: Guilford.
64. Engle, R. W., Sedek, G., von Hecker, U., & McIntosh, D. N. (Eds.). (2005). Cognitive limitations in aging and psychopathology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
65. Favez, N., Scaiola, C. L., Tissot, H., Darwiche, J., & Frascarolo, F. (2011). The family alliance assessment scales: Steps toward validity and reliability of an observational assessment tool for early family interactions. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20, 23–37. doi: 10.1007/s10826-010-9374-7.
66. Foa, U., & Foa, E. (1974). Societal structures of the mind. Springfi eld, IL: C. C. Thomas.
67. Freudenstein, O., Zohar, A., Apter, A., Shoval, G., Weizman, A., & Zalsman, G. (2011). Parental bonding in severely suicidal adolescent inpatients. European Psychiatry, 26, 504–507. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.006.
68. Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., Horvath, A. O., Heatherington, L., Cabero, A., & Martens, M. P. (2006). System for observing family therapy alliances: A tool for research and practice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 214–224.
69. Friedlander, M. L., Lambert, J. E., Valentín, E., & Cragun, C. (2008). How do therapists enhance family alliances? Sequential analyses of therapist-client behavior in two contrasting cases. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45, 75–87. doi: 10.1037/0033-3204.45.1.75.
70. Furniss, T. (1983). Family process in the treatment of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. Journal of Family Therapy, 5, 263–278. doi: 10.1046/j.1983.00622.x.
71. Grotevant, H. D., & Carlson, C. I. (1989). Family assessment: A guide to methods and measures. New York: Guilford.
72. Guinote, A., & Vescio, T. K. (Eds.). (2010). The social psychology of power. New York: Guilford.
73. Hylander, L., Krabbe, E., & Schwartz, R. (2005). Metoder og dilemmaer i langvarige behandlingsforløb for børnefamilier med psykisk syge forældre [Methods and dilemmas in long-term therapy for families with mentally ill parents]. Psykologisk Paedagogisk Rådgivning, 42, 177–204.
74. Joyce, P. A. (2007). The production of therapy: The social process of construction of the mother of a sexually abused child. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 16, 1–18. doi: 10.1300/J070v16n03_01.
75. Karpel, M. A., & Strauss, E. S. (1983). Family evaluation. New York: Gardner.
76. Karpman, S. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 7 (26), 39–43.
77. Karukivi, M., Joukamaa, M., Hautala, L., Kaleva, O., Haapasalo-Pesu, K.-M., Liuksila, P.-R., et al. (2011). Does perceived social support and parental attitude relate to alexithymia? A study in Finnish late adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 187, 254–260. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.028.
78. Kirschner, S., & Kirschner, D. A. (1996). Relational components of the incest survivor syndrome. In F. W. Kaslow (Ed.), Handbook of relational diagnosis and dysfunctional family patterns (pp. 407–419). New York: Wiley.
79. Kluger, J. (2011). The sibling effect: What the bonds among brothers and sisters reveal about us. New York, NY: Riverhead.
80. L’Abate, L. (1986). Systematic family therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
81. L’Abate, L. (1997). The self in the family: A classification of personality, criminality, and psychopathology. New York: Wiley.
82. L’Abate, L. (2005). Personality in intimate relationships: Socialization and psychopathology. New York: Springer-Science.
83. L’Abate, L. (2009a). The drama triangle: An attempt to resurrect a neglected pathogenic model in family therapy theory and practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 1–11. doi: 10.1080/01926180701870163.
84. L’Abate, L. (2009b). In search of a relational theory. American Psychologist, 64, 779–788. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.64.8.779.
85. L’Abate, L. (2009c). Paradigms, theories, and models: Two hierarchical frameworks. In L. L’Abate, P. De Giacomo, M. Capitelli, & S. Longo (Eds.), Science, mind, and creativity: The Bari symposium (pp. 107–156). New York: Nova Science.
86. L’Abate, L. (2009d). A theory-derived structured interview for intimate relationships. The Family Psychologist, 25, 12–14.
87. L’Abate, L. (2011a). Hurt feelings: Theory, research, and applications in intimate relationships. New York: Cambridge University Press.
88. L’Abate, L. (2011b). Self-control: An orphan construct in search of a theory? In A. Durante & C. Mammoliti (Eds.), Psychology of self-control (pp. 37–67). New York: Nova Science.
89. L’Abate, L. (2011c). Sourcebook of interactive practice exercises in mental health. New York: Springer.
90. L’Abate, L. (2012a). Clinical psychology and psychotherapy as a science: An iconoclastic perspective. New York: Springer.
91. L’Abate, L. (Ed.). (2012b). Paradigms in theory construction. New York: Springer.
92. L’Abate, L., & Cusinato, M. (2007). Linking theory with practice: Theory-derived interventions in prevention and family therapy. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 15, 318–327. doi: 10.1177/1066480707303745.
93. L’Abate, L., & Cusinato, M. (2011). Selfhood: A theory-derived relational model for mental illness and its applications. In L. L’Abate (Ed.), Mental illnesses: Understanding, prediction, and control (pp. 439–358). Rijeka, Croatia: InTech Open Accss Publisher.
94. L’Abate, L., Cusinato, M., Maino, E., Colesso, W., & Scilletta, C. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and mental health applications. New York: Springer.
95. Lavadera, A. L., Laghi, F., & Togliatti, M. M. (2011). Assessing family coordination in divorced families. American Journal of Family Therapy, 39, 277–291. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2010.539479.
96. Leary, M. R., & Tangney, J. P. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of self and identity (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
97. McNulty, J. K., & Fincham, F. D. (2012). Beyond positive psychology? Toward a contextual view of psychological processes and well-being. American Psychologist, 67, 101–110. doi: 10.1037/a0024572.
98. Mesquita, B., Feldman-Barrett, L., & Smith, E. R. (Eds.). (2010). The mind in context. New York: Guilford.
99. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
100. Minuchin, S., Rosman, B. L., & Baker, L. (1978). Psychosomatic families: Anorexia nervosa in context. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
101. Morf, C. C., & Mischel, W. (2012). The self as a psycho-social dynamic processing system: Toward a converging science of selfhood. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (2nd ed., pp. 21–49). New York: Guilford.
102. Nisbett, R. E., Aronson, J., Blair, C., Dickens, W., Flynn, J., Halpern, D. F., et al. (2012). Intelligence: New findings and theoretical developments. American Psychologist, 67, 130–159. doi: 10.1037/a0026699.
103. Oyserman, D., Elmore, K., & Smith, G. (2012). Self, self-concept, and identity. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (2nd ed., pp. 69–104). New York: Guilford.
104. Parker, G. (1983). Parental overprotection: A risk factor in psychosocial development. New York: Grune & Stratton.
105. Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1–10.
106. Rork, K. E., & Morris, T. L. (2009). Infl uence of parenting factors on childhood social anxiety: Direct observation of parental warmth and control. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 31, 220–235. doi: 10.1080/07317100903099274.
107. Rottenberg, J., & Vaughan, C. (2008). Emotion expression in depression: Emerging evidence for emotion context-insensitivity. In A. Vingerhoets, I. Nyklicek, & J. Denollet (Eds.), Emotion regulation: Conceptual and clinical issues (pp. 125–139). New York: Springer-Science.
108. Schwartz, S. J., Luyckx, K., & Vignoles, V. L. (Eds.). (2011a). Handbook of identity theory and research: Domains and categories. New York: Springer-Science.
109. Schwartz, S. J., Luyckx, K., & Vignoles, V. L. (Eds.). (2011b). Handbook of identity theory and research: Structures and processes. New York: Springer-Science.
110. Shoda, Y., Cervone, D., & Downey, G. (Eds.). (2007). Persons in context: Building a science of the individual. New York: Guilford.
111. Sommers, S. (2011). Situations matter: Understanding how context transforms your world. New York: Riverhead.
112. Stafford, L., & Bayer, C. L. (1993). Interaction between parents and children. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
113. Suitor, J. J., & Pillemer, K. (2000). Did mom really love you best? Exploring the role of withinfamily differences in developmental histories on parental favoritism. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 104–119.
114. Suitor, J. J., & Pillemer, K. (2000). Did mom really love you best? Exploring the role of withinfamily differences in developmental histories on parental favoritism. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 104–119.
115. Suitor, J. J., Sechrist, J., & Pillemer, K. (2007). When mothers have favourites: Conditions under which mothers differentiate among their adult children. Canadian Journal on Aging, 26, 85–100. doi: 10.3138/cja.26.2.085.
116. Suitor, J. J., Sechrist, J., Plikuhn, M., Pardo, S. T., Gilligan, M., & Pillemer, K. (2009). The role of perceived maternal favoritism in sibling relations in midlife. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71(4), 1026–1038.
117. Sutton-Smith, B., & Rosenberg, B. G. (1970). The sibling. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
118. VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
119. Walsh, F. (1993). Normal family processes. New York: Guilford.
120. Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30–41.
121. Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Spark, G. (1973). Invisible loyalties: Reciprocity in intergenerational family therapy. Oxford: Harper & Row.
122. Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
123. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
124. Burgess, R. C. (2005). A model for enhancing individual and organisational learning of ‘emotional intelligence’: The drama and winner’s triangles. Social Work Education, 24, 97–112. doi: 10.1080/0261547052000325008.
125. Byng-Hall, J. (2002). Relieving parentifi ed children’s burdens in families with insecure attachment patterns. Family Process, 41, 375–388. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.41307.x.
126. Byng-Hall, J. (2008a). The crucial roles of attachment in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 30, 129–146. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6427.2008.00422.x.
127. Byng-Hall, J. (2008b). The signifi cance of children fulfi lling parental roles: Implications for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 30, 147–162. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6427.2008.00423.x.
128. Chase, N. D. (1999). Burdened children: Theory, research, and treatment of parentification. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
129. Choy, A. (1990). The winner’s triangle. Transactional Analysis Journal, 20, 40–46.
130. Dallos, R., & Vetere, A. (2012). Systems theory, family attachments and processes of triangulation: Does the concept of triangulation offer a useful bridge? Journal of Family Therapy, 34, 117–137. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00554.x.
131. East, P. L. (2010). Children’s provision of family caregiving: Benefi t or burden? Child Development Perspectives, 4, 55–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00118.x.
132. East, P. L., & Weisner, T. S. (2009). Mexican American adolescents’ family caregiving: Selection effects and longitudinal associations with adjustment. Family Relations, 58, 562–577. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2009.00575.x.
133. Engels, R. C. M. E., Finkenauer, C., Meeus, W., & Dekovic, M. (2001). Parental attachment and adolescents’ emotional adjustment: The associations with social skills and relational competence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 428–439. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.48.4.428.
134. Fishbane, M. D. (2001). Relational narratives of the self. Family Process, 40, 273–291. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2001.4030100273.x.
135. Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child Development, 70, 1030–1044. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00075.
136. Fuligni, A. J., Yip, T., & Tseng, V. (2002). The impact of family obligation on the daily activities and psychological well-being of Chinese American adolescents. Child Development, 73, 302–314. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00407.
137. Fulkerson, M. (2003). Integrating the Karpman drama triangle with choice theory and reality therapy. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 23, 12–14.
138. Garber, B. D. (2011). Parental alienation and the dynamics of the enmeshed parent-child dyad: Adultifi cation, parentification, and infantilization. Family Court Review, 49, 322–335. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-1617.2011.01374.x.
139. Gilford, T. T., & Reynolds, A. (2011). “My mother’s keeper”: The effects of parentification on Black female college students. Journal of Black Psychology, 37, 55–77. doi: 10.1177/0095798410372624.
140. Haley, J. (1967). Family experiments: A new type of experimentation. Family Process, 1, 265–293. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1962.00265.x.
141. Hardway, C., & Fuligni, A. (2006). Dimensions of family connectedness among adolescents of Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1246–1248. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.61246.
142. Hooper, L. M. (2003). Parentification, resiliency, secure adult attachment style, and differentiation of self as predictors of growth among college students. Dissertations Abstracts International, 64, 1493.
143. Hooper, L. M. (2007a). The application of attachment theory and family systems theory to the phenomena of parentification. The Family Journal, 15, 217–223. doi: 10.1177/1066480707301290.
144. Hooper, L. M. (2007b). Expanding the discussion regarding parentification and its varied outcomes: Implications for mental health research and practice. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 29, 322–337.
145. Hooper, L. M. (2009). Parentification inventory. Available from L. M. Hooper, Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487.
146. Hooper, L. M. (2012a). Parentification. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (Vol. 4, pp. 2023–2031). New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2.
147. Hooper, L. M. (2012b). Parentification. In K. Keith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of cross cultural psychology. New York: Springer.
148. Hooper, L. M. (2012). Assessing parentification in South American college students: A factor analytic study of a Spanish version of the parentification inventory. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development.
149. Hooper, L. M., DeCoster, J., White, N., & Voltz, M. L. (2011). Characterizing the magnitude of the relation between self-reported childhood parentification and adult psychopathology: A metaanalysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 1028–1043. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20807.
150. Hooper, L. M., & Doehler, K. (2011a). Assessing family caregiving: A comparison of three retrospective parentification measures. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38, 653–666. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00258.x.
151. Hooper, L. M., & Doehler, K. (2011b). The mediating and moderating effects of differentiation of self on body mass index and depressive symptomatology among an American college sample. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 24, 71–82. doi: 10.1080/09515070.2011.559957.
152. Hooper, L. M., Doehler, K., Jankowski, P. J., & Tomek, S. (2012). Patterns of self-reported alcohol use, body mass index, and depressive symptoms in a rural family sample: The buffering effects of parentification. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 20, 165–179. doi: 10.1177/1066480711435320.
153. Hooper, L. M., Doehler, K., Wallace S. A., & Hannah, N. J. (2011). The parentification inventory: Development, validation, and cross-validation. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 39, 226–241. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2010.531652.
154. Hooper, L. M., Marotta, S. A., & Depuy, V. (2009). A confi rmatory factor analytic study of the posttraumatic growth inventory among a sample of radically diverse college students. Journal of Mental Health, 18, 335–343. doi: 10.1080/09638230802522502.
155. Hooper, L. M., Marotta, S. A., & Lanthier, R. P. (2008). Predictors of growth and distress following childhood parentification: A retrospective exploratory study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17, 693–705. doi: 10.1007/s10826-007-9184-8.
156. Hooper, L. M., & Moore, H. (2012). Parentification in military families. Children and Youth Services Review.
157. Hooper, L. M., & Wallace S. (2010). Evaluating the parentification questionnaire: Psychometric properties and psychopathology correlates. Contemporary Family Therapy, 32, 52–68. doi: 10.1007/s10591-009-9103-9.
158. Hooper, L. M., Wallace S. A., Doehler, K., & Dantzler, J. (in press). Parentification, ethnic identity, psychological health in Black and White American college students: Implications of family of origin and cultural factors. Journal of Comparative Family Studies.
159. Jankowski, P., & Hooper, L. M. (2012). Differentiation of self: A validation study of the Bowen theory construct. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1, 226–243. doi: 10.1037/a0027469.
160. Jankowski, P., Hooper, L. M., Sandage, S., & Hannah, N. J. (2011). Parentification and mental health symptoms: The mediating effects of perceived unfairness and self-regulation. Journal of Family Therapy, 35, 43–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00574.x.
161. Johnson, A. H., & Brock, C. D. (2000). Exploring triangulation as the foundation for family system thinking in the Balint group process. Families, Systems, and Health: The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 18, 469–478. doi: 10.1037/h0091871.
162. Jones, R. A., & Wells, M. (1996). An empirical study of parentification and personality. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 24, 145–152. doi: 10.1080/01926189608251027.
163. Jurkovic, G. J. (1997). Lost childhoods: The plight of the parentified child. New York: Brunner Mazel.
164. Jurkovic, G. J. (1998). Destructive parentification in families: Causes and consequences. In L. L’Abate (Ed.), Family psychopathology (pp. 237–255). New York: Guilford.
165. Jurkovic, G. J., Kuperminc, G., Perilla, J., Murphy, A., Ibanez, G., & Casey, S. (2004). Ecological and ethical perspectives on fi lial responsibility: Implications for primary prevention with immigrant Latino adolescents. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25, 81–104. doi: 10.1023/B:JOPP.0000039940.9463.eb.
166. Jurkovic, G. J., Morrell, R., & Thirkield, A. (1999). Assessing childhood parentification: Guidelines for researchers and clinicians. In N. Chase (Ed.), Burdened children (pp. 92–113). New York: Guilford.
167. Jurkovic, G. J., & Thirkield, A. (1998a). Parentification questionnaire. Available from G. J. Jurkovic, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303.
168. Jurkovic, G. J., & Thirkield, A. (1998b). Parentification questionnaire—adult. Available from G. J. Jurkovic, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303.
169. Jurkovic, G. J., Thirkield, A., & Morrell, R. (2001). Parentification of adult children of divorce: A multidimensional analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 245–257. doi: 10.1023/A:1010349925974.
170. Kam, J. A. (2011). The effects of language brokering frequency and feelings on Mexican-heritage youth’s mental health and risky behaviors. Journal of Communication, 61, 455–475. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01552.x.
171. Karpman, S. B. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 7, 39–43.
172. Karpman, S. B. (2009). Sex games people play: Intimacy blocks, games, and scripts. Transactional Analysis Journal, 39, 103–116.
173. Kerig, P. K. (Ed.). (2005). Implications of parent-child boundary dissolution for developmental psychopathology: “Who is the parent and who is the child?”. New York: Hawthorne.
174. Kuperminc, G. P., Jurkovic, G. J., & Casey, S. (2009). Relational fi lial responsibility to the personal and social adjustment of Latino adolescents from immigrant families. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 14–22.
175. L’Abate, L. (2009). The drama triangle: An attempt to resurrect a neglected pathogenic model in family therapy theory and practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 1–11. doi: 10.1080/01926180701870163.
176. L’Abate, L., Cusinato, M., Maino, E., Colesso, W., & Scilletta, C. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and mental health applications. New York: Springer-Science.
177. McMahon, S. D., & Watts, R. J. (2002). Ethnic identity in urban African American youth: Exploring links with self-worth, aggression, and other psychosocial variables. Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 411–431. doi: 10.1002/jcop.10013.
178. Mika, P., Bergner, R. M., & Baum, M. C. (1987). The development of a scale for the assessment of parentification. Family Therapy, 14, 229–235.
179. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
180. Minuchin, S., Montalvo, B., Guerney, B., Rosman, B., & Schumer, F. (1967). Families of the slums: An exploration of their structure and treatment. New York: Basic Books.
181. Nebbitt, V. E., & Lombe, M. (2010). Urban African American adolescents and adultifi cation. Families in Society, 91, 234–240. doi: 10.1606/1044-3894.4000.
182. Ngu, L., & Florsheim, P. (2011). The development of relational competence among young highrisk fathers across the transition to parenthood. Family Process, 50, 184–202. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2011.01354.x.
183. Satir, V. (1972). Peoplemaking. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
184. Sessions, M. W., & Jurkovic, G. J. (1986). The parentification questionnaire. Available from G. J. Jurkovic, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303.
185. Smyth, C., Cass, B., & Hill, T. (2011). Children and young people as active agents in care-giving: Agency and constraint. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 509–514. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.05.009.
186. Stein, J. A., Riedel, M., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (1999). Parentification and its impact on adolescent children of parents with AIDS. Family Process, 38, 193–208. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1999.00193.x.
187. Stein, J. A., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., & Lester, P. (2007). Impact of parentification on long-term outcomes among children of parents with HIV/AIDS. Family Process, 46, 317–333. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2007.00214.x.
188. Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P. E., & Gramzow, R. (1989). The test of self-conscious affect. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University.
189. Telzer, E. H., & Fuligni, A. J. (2009). Daily family assistance and the psychological well-being of adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1177–1189. doi: 10.1037/a0014728.
190. Wells, M., & Jones, R. (2000). Childhood parentification and shame-proneness: A preliminary study. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 19–27. doi: 10.1080/019261800261789.
191. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
192. Baker, A. J. L. (2007a). Adult children of parental alienation syndrome. New York: W. W. Norton.
193. Baker, A. J. L. (2007b). Knowledge and attitudes about the parental alienation syndrome: A survey of custody evaluators. American Journal of Family Therapy, 35 (1), 1–19. doi: 10.1080/01926180600698368.
194. Baker, A. J. L., & Andre, K. (2008). Working with alienated children and their parents: Suggestions for sound practices for mental health practitioners. The Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 11, 10–17.
195. Baker, A. J. L., & Chambers, J. (2011). Adult recall of childhood exposure to parental conflict: Unpacking the black box of parental alienation. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 52, 55–76. doi: 10.1080/10502556.2011.534396.
196. Baker, A. J. L., & Darnall, D. (2007). A construct study of the eight symptoms of severe parental alienation syndrome: A survey of parental experiences. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 47 (1), 55–75. doi: 10.1300/J087v47n01_04.
197. Bancroft, L. (2002). Why does he do that? (20th ed.). New York: Berkley Publishing Group.
198. Ben-Ami, N., & Baker, A. (2012). The long-term correlates of childhood exposure to parental alienation on adult self-suffi ciency and well-being. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 40 (2), 169–183. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2011.601206.
199. Bernet, W. (2008). Parental alienation disorder and DSM-V. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 349–366. doi: 10.1080/01926180802405513.
200. Brockie, J. (Performer). (2012). Parental abductions [Television series episode]. In A. Llewelyn (Executive producer), Insight. Australia: SBS. Retrieved from http://www.sbs.com.au/insight/episode/watchonline/471/Parental-Abductions
201. Burrill, J. (2006). Reluctance to verify PAS as a legitimate syndrome. In R. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome (pp. 323–330). Springfi eld, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
202. Connelly, K. (2009). Throwing stones: Parental child abduction through the eyes of the child. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.
203. Dabbaugh, M. (2012). Parental kidnapping in America: An historical and cultural analysis. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
204. Detrich, A. (1998). Maureen Dabbaugh: Starving for her daughter’s return. Retrieved from http://www.allandetrich.com/maureenstory.htm
205. Dutton, D. G. (2007). The abusive personality (9th ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
206. Emery, R. E., Otto, R. K., & O’Donohue, W. T. (2005). A critical assessment of child custody evaluations: Limited science and a fl awed system. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 6 (1), 1–29. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-1006.2005.00020.x.
207. Garber, B. D. (2011). Parental alienation and the dynamics of the enmeshed parent-child dyad: Adultification, parentification, and infantilization. Family Court Review, 49, 322–335. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-1617.2011.01374.x.
208. Gardner, R. A. (1985). Recent trends in divorce and custody litigation. In Academy forum (Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 3–7).
209. Gardner, R. A. (1987a). The parental alienation syndrome and the differentiation between fabricated and genuine (10th ed.). Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics. doi: 10.1177/1531244504268711.
210. Gardner, R. A. (1987b). Sex abuse legitimacy scale. Creskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.
211. Gardner, R. A. (1991). Legal and psychotherapeutic approaches to the three types of parental alienation syndrome families: When psychiatry and the law join forces. Court Review, 28, 14–21.
212. Gardner, R. A. (1992). Parental alienation syndrome. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.
213. Gardner, R. A. (2001). Commentary on Kelly and Johnston’s “The alienated child: A reformulation of parental alienation syndrome”. Family Court Review, 39, 611–621.
214. Godbout, E., & Parent, C. (2012). The life paths and lived experiences of adults who have experienced parental alienation: A retrospective study. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 53, 34–54. doi: 10.1080/10502556.2012.635967.
215. Gordon, R. M., Stoffey, R., & Bottinelli, J. (2008). MMPI-2 findings of primitive defenses in alienating parents. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36 (3), 211–228. doi: 10.1080/01926180701643313.
216. Gottlieb, L. J. (2012). The parental alienation syndrome: A family therapy and collaborative systems approach to amelioration. Springfi eld, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
217. Hands, A., & Warshak, R. (2011). Parental alienation among college students. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 39 (5), 431–443. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2011.575336.
218. Hartson, J., & Payne, B. (2006). Creating effective parenting plans. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association.
219. Houchin, T. M., Ranseen, J., Hash, P. A. K., & Bartnicki, D. J. (2012). The parental alienation debate belongs in the courtroom, not in DSM-5. Journal of Academy Psychiatry Law, 40, 127–131.
220. Johnston, J. R., & Kelly, J. B. (2001). Guest editorial notes in special issue: Alienated children in divorce. Family Court Review, 39 (3), 246–248. doi: 10.1111/j.174-1617.2001.tb00608.x.
221. Karpman, S. B. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 7, 39–43.
222. Karpman, S. B. (2009). Sex games people play: Intimacy blocks, games, and scripts. Transactional Analysis Journal, 39, 103–116.
223. Keeshan, C. (2004). Divisive theory stirs up custody battles court orders challenges to ‘parental alienation syndrome.’ The Daily Herald, 1.
224. Kelly, J. B., & Johnston, J. R. (2001). The alienated child: A reformulation of parental alienation syndrome. Family Court Review, 39, 249–266. doi: 10.1111/j.174-1617.2001.tb00609.x.
225. L’Abate, L. (2009). An attempt to resurrect a neglected pathogenic model in family therapy theory and practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 1–11. doi: 10.1080/01926180701870163.
226. L’Abate, L., Cusinato, M., Maino, E., Colesso, W., & Scilletta, C. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and mental health applications. New York: Springer.
227. Levesque, R. J. R. (2012). Parental alienation syndrome. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (Vol. 4, p. 1976). New York: Springer.
228. Lowenstein, L. F. (2006). The psychological effects and treatment of the parental alienation syndrome. In R. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome (pp. 292–301). Springfi eld, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
229. Marano, H. E. (2012). The high art of handling problem people. Psychology Today, 45 (3), 53–61.
230. McGlothin, B. L. (2005). Have you seen my mother. Kenner, LA: Taurleo.
231. Mone, G. J., & Biringen, Z. (2012). Assessing parental alienation: Empirical assessment of college student’ recollections of parental alienation during their childhoods. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 53, 157–177. doi: 10.1080/10502556.2012.663265.
232. Morgan, D. (2012, May 26). Video: Australian TV reports on parental child abduction to Japan [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://seanandrenee.wordpress.com/2012/05/26/video-australian-tv-reports-on-parental-child-abduction-to-japan/
233. Mowbray, J. (2003). Dangerous diplomacy (10th ed.). Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing.
234. Owusu-Bempah, K. (2007). Children and separation. New York: Routledge.
235. Rand, D. C. (1997). The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome. Part 1. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 15, 23–52.
236. Rand, D. C. (2011). Parental alienation critics. American Journal of Family Therapy, 39, 48–71. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2010.533085.
237. Reay, K. M. (2007). Psychological distress among adult children of divorce who perceive experiencing parental alienation syndrome in earlier years. Dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
238. Walker, L. E., & Shapiro, D. L. (2010). Parental alienation disorder: Why label children with a mental diagnosis? Journal of Child Custody, 7, 266–286. doi: 10.1080/15379418.2010.521041.
239. Warshak, R. A. (2010). Divorce poison. New York: Harper Collins.
240. White, G. J. (2005). Child custody A to Z. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.
241. Andreou, E. (2004). Bully/victim problems and their association with Machiavellianism and selfefficacy in Greek primary school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 297–309. doi: 10.1348/000709904773839897.
242. Arcidiacono, C., Procentese, F., & Di Napoli, I. (2007). Youth, community belonging, planning and power. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 17, 280–295. doi: 10.1002/casp.935.
243. Bauman, S., Rigby, K., & Hoppa, K. (2008). US teachers’ and school counsellors’ strategies for handling school bullying incidents. Educational Psychology, 28, 837–856.
244. Bordon, E., Tessarolo, M., & Gianesini, G. (2011). The paradigms of a constructed reality: An overview of bullying through Italian newspapers. In: 69 th Annual International Council of Psychologists Conference, Washington, DC.
245. Bowers, L., Smith, P. K., & Binney, V. (1992). Cohesion and power in the families of children involved in bully/victim problems at school. Journal of Family Therapy, 14, 371–387. doi: 10.1046/j.1992.00467.x.
246. Bowes, L., Maughan, B., Caspi, A., Moffi tt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2010). Families promote emotional and behavioural resilience to bullying: Evidence of an environmental effect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 809–817. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02216.x.
247. Branch, S., & Murray, J. (2008). Building relationships and resilience in the workplace: Construction of a workplace bullying training program. Paper presented at the Australia and New Zealand Academy of Management 22nd ANZAM Conference: Managing in the Pacific Century, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
248. Brendgen, M., Wanner, B., Vitaro, F., Bukowski, W. M., & Tremblay, R. E. (2007). Verbal abuse by the teacher during childhood and academic, behavioral, and emotional adjustment in young adulthood. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 26–38. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.26.
249. Colesso, W. (2011). RC-Ecomap: A valid and reliable tool to assess intimate relationships. Dissertation, University of Padua.
250. Colesso, W. (2012). Updating the RC-EcoMap: A multi-model, theory-derived instrument. In M. Cusinato & L. L’Abate (Eds.), Advances in relational competence theory: With special attention to alexithymia. New York: Nova Science.
251. Coloroso, B. (2005). A bully’s bystanders are never innocent. Educational Digest, 70 (8), 49–51.
252. Curtner-Smith, M. E. (2000). Mechanisms by which family processes contribute to school-age boys’ bullying. Child Study Journal, 30, 169–186.
253. Cusinato, M., & Colesso, W. (2010). Studio delle relazioni signifi cative con RC-Ecomap nella ricerca psicosociale [Study of signifi cant relationships using RC-Ecomap in psychosocial research]. Psicologia Sociale, 3, 471–492. doi: 10.1482/33188.
254. Cusinato, M., & L’Abate, L. (2011). Advances in relational competence theory: With special attention to alexithymia. New York: Nova Science.
255. Descutner, C. L., & Thelen, M. H. (1991). Development and validation of a fear-of- intimacy scale. Psychological Assessment, 3 (2), 218–225.
256. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.
257. Emerson, R. M. (1972). Exchange theory: Part 1. A psychological basis for social exchange. In J. Berger, M. Zelditch, & B. Anderson (Eds.), Sociological theories in progress (Vol. 2, pp. 38–57). Boston, MA: Houghton-Miffl in.
258. Eslea, M., & Smith, P. K. (2000). Pupil and parent attitudes towards bullying in primary schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 15, 207–219. doi: 10.1007/BF03173175.
259. Finnegan, R. A., Hodges, E. V. E., & Perry, D. G. (1998). Victimization by peers: Associations with children’s reports of mother-child interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1076–1086. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.75.4.1076.
260. Flaspohler, P. D., Elfstrom, J. L., Vanderzee, K. L., Sink, H. E., & Birchmeier, Z. (2009). Stand by me: The effects of peer and teacher support in mitigating the impact of bullying on quality of life. Psychology in the Schools, 46, 636–649. doi: 10.1002/pits.20404.
261. Forrest, L. (2008, June 26). The three faces of victim: An overview of the drama triangle. Retrieved from http://www.lynneforrest.com/html/the-faces-of-victim
262. Gianesini, G. (2000). A multivariate approach to the dynamic of violence within intimate relationships: An application of theory of coercive power in exchange. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
263. Gianesini, G. (2010). Building relationships in the workplace. Organizational culture and psychological health. Germany: VDM Verlag.
264. Gianesini, G. (2011). Alexithymia dimensions and perceived emotional parenting styles. In M. Cusinato & L. L’Abate (Eds.), Advances in relational competence theory: With special attention to alexithymia. New York: NOVA.
265. Giorgi, G., Ando, M., Arenas, A., Shoss, M. K., & Leon-Perez, J. M. (2013). Exploring personal and organizational determinants of workplace bullying and its prevalence in a Japanese sample. Psychology of Violence. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0028049
266. Goldstein, S. E., Young, A., & Boyd, C. (2008). Relational aggression at school: Associations with school safety and social climate. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 641–654. doi: 10.1007/s10964-007-9192-4.
267. Hoover, R. L. (2005). A methodological study of family and personality variables associated with discrimination and bullying. Dissertation, University of Cincinnati.
268. Howard, N. M., Horne, A. H., & Jolliff, D. (2001). Self-effi cacy in a new training model for the prevention of bullying in schools. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2, 181–191.
269. Jacobson, N. S. (1992). Behavioral couple therapy: A new beginning. Behavior Therapy, 23, 493–506. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80218-7.
270. James, D., Flynn, A., Lawlor, M., Courtney, P., Murphy, N., & Henry, B. (2011). A friend in deed? Can adolescent girls be taught to understand relational bullying? Child Abuse Review, 20, 439–454. doi: 10.1002/car.1120.
271. Karpman, S. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 7 (26), 39–43.
272. Komiyama, K. (1986). A study of the background factors related to bullying among junior high school students. Reports of the National Research Institute of Police Science, 27, 38–53.
273. L’Abate, L. (2009). The drama triangle: An attempt to resurrect a neglected pathogenic model in family therapy theory and practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 1–11. doi: 10.1080/01926180701870163.
274. L’Abate, L. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and mental health applications. New York: Springer.
275. Lawler, E. J., & Yoon, J. (1996). Commitment in exchange relations: Test of a theory of relational cohesion. American Sociological Review, 61, 89–108. doi: 10.2307/2096408.
276. Leadbeater, B., & Hoglund, W. (2006). Changing the social contexts of peer victimization. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15, 21–26.
277. Leadbeater, B., Hoglund, W., & Woods, T. (2003). Changing contexts? The effects of a primary prevention program on classroom levels of peer relational and physical victimization. Journal of Community Psychology, 31, 397–418. doi: 10.1002/jcop.10057.
278. Licht, C., & Chabot, D. (2006). The Chabot emotional differentiation scale: A theoretically and psychometrically sound instrument for measuring Bowen’s aspect of differentiation. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31, 167–180.
279. Marteau, T., & Bekker, H. (1992). The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 301–306.
280. Menesini, E., Camodeca, M., & Nocentini, A. (2010). Bullying among siblings: The role of personality and relational variables. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28, 921–939. doi: 10.1348/026151009X479402.
281. Molm, L. D. (1997). Risk and power use: Constraints on the use of coercion in exchange. American Sociological Review, 62, 113–133. doi: 10.2307/2657455.
282. Murray-Harvey, R., & Slee, P. T. (2010). School and home relationships and their impact on school bullying. School Psychology International, 31, 271–295. doi: 10.1177/0143034310366206.
283. Nation, M., Vieno, A., Perkins, D. D., & Santinello, M. (2008). Bullying in school and adolescent sense of empowerment: An analysis of relationships with parents, friends, and teachers. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 211–232. doi: 10.1002/casp.921.
284. Nickerson, A. B., Mele, D., & Osborne-Oliver, K. M. (2010). Parent-child relationships and bullying. In S. R. Jimerson, S. M. Swearer, & D. L. Espelage (Eds.), Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective (pp. 187–197). New York: Routledge.
285. Nishina, A., Juvonen, J., & Witkow, M. R. (2005). Sticks and stones may break my bones, but names will make me feel sick: The psychosocial, somatic, and scholastic consequences of peer harassment. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 37–48. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_4.
286. Pellegrini, A. D., & Long, J. D. (2002). A longitudinal study of bullying, dominance, and victimization during the transition from primary school through secondary school. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 259–280. doi: 10.1348/026151002166442.
287. Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (Eds.). (2008). Understanding and addressing bullying: An international perspective. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.
288. Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (2009). Peer dynamics in bullying: Considerations for social architecture in schools. In J. Lupart & A. McKeogh (Eds.), Building capacity for diversity in Canadian schools (pp. 285–303). Markham: Fitzhenry & Whiteside.
289. Pepler, D. J., Craig, W. M., Connolly, J. A., Yuile, A., McMaster, L., & Jiang, D. (2006). A developmental perspective on bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 376–384. doi: 10.1002/ab.20136.
290. Perkins, D. D., & Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Empowerment theory, research, and application. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 569–579. doi: 10.1007/BF02506982.
291. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.
292. Rican, P., Klicperova, M., & Koucka, T. (1993). Families of bullies and their victims: A children’s view. Studia Psychologica, 35, 261–265.
293. Rigby, K. (1997). The Peer Relations Assessment Questionnaires (PRAQ). Point Lonsdale, VIC: The Professional Reading Guide.
294. Rigby, K. (2010). Bullying interventions in schools: Six basic approaches. Camberwell, VIC: Australian Council for Educational Research.
295. Rigby, K., & Bauman, S. (2007). What teachers think should be done about cases of bullying. Professional Educator, 6, 6.
296. Rigby, K., & Bauman, S. (2010). How school personnel tackle cases of bullying: A critical examination. In S. Jimerson, S. Swearer, & D. Espelage (Eds.), The international handbook of school bullying (pp. 455–468). New York: Routledge.
297. Rigby, L., & Johnson, B. (2008). Playground Heroes. Greater Good Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.kenrigby.net/playground-hero.pdf
298. Rigby, K., & Slee, P. T. (1993). Dimensions of interpersonal relation among Australian children and implications for psychological well-being. Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 33–42.
299. Rigby, K., & Slee, P. T. (1995a). Manual for the Peer Relations Questionnaire (PRQ). Underdale: University of South Australia.
300. Rigby, K., & Slee, P. T. (1995b). The Peer Relations Questionnaire. Underdale: University of South Australia.
301. Rigby, K., & Slee, P. T. (1999). The pro-victim scale. In S. Sharp (Ed.), Bullying behavior in schools (pp. 31–33). Windsor, Berkshire: NFER-NELSON.
302. Roland, E., & Galloway, D. (2002). Classroom influences on bullying. Educational Research, 44, 299–312. doi: 10.1080/0013188022000031597.
303. Rowe, K. J., & Rowe, K. S. (2002). What matters most: Evidence-based findings of key factors affecting the educational experiences and outcomes for girls and boys throughout their primary and secondary schooling. eNews. Retrieved from http://www.acer.edu.au/enews/2002/05
304. Salmivalli, C. (1999). Participant role approach to school bullying: Implications for interventions. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 453–459. doi: 10.1006/jado.1999.0239.
305. Salmivalli, C. (2000). Bullying and the peer group: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 112–120.
306. Sawyer, J.-L., Mishna, F., Pepler, D., & Wiener, J. (2011). The missing voice: Parents’ perspectives of bullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1795–1803. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.010.
307. Scholte, R. H., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2006). Peer relations in adolescence. In S. Jackson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent development (pp. 175–199). New York: Psychology Press.
308. Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (1997). The early socialization of aggressive victims of bullying. Child Development, 68, 665–675. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04228.x.
309. Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Olafsson, R., & Liefooghe, A. (2002). Definitions of bullying: a comparison of terms used, and age and sex differences, in a 14-country international comparison. Child Development, 73, 1119–1133.
310. Smith, P. K., & Myron-Wilson, R. (1998). Parenting and school bullying. Journal of Clinical and Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3, 405–417. doi: 10.1177/1359104598033006.
311. Spriggs, A. L., Iannotti, R. J., Nansel, T. R., & Haynie, D. L. (2007). Adolescent bullying involvement and perceived family, peer and school relations: Commonalities and differences across race/ethnicity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 283–293. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.04.009.
312. Adams-Westcott, J., Dafforn, T. A., & Sterne, P. (1993). Escaping victim life stories and coconstructing personal agency. In S. G. Gilligan & R. Price (Eds.), Therapeutic conversations (pp. 258–271). New York: Norton.
313. Alleyne, R. (2009, August 28). Jaycee Lee Dugard may have succumbed to ‘Stockholm syndrome.’ The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jayceelee-dugard/6106991/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-may-have-succumbed-to-Stockholm-Syndrome.html
314. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
315. Angus, L., & Greenberg, L. (2011). Working with narrative in emotion-focused therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
316. Aosved, A. C., & Long, P. J. (2006). Co-occurrence of rape myth acceptance, sexism, racism, homophobia, ageism, classism, and religious intolerance. Sex Roles, 55, 481–492. doi: 10.1007/s11199-006-9101-4.
317. Auerbach, S. M., Kiesler, D. J., Strentz, T., Schmidt, J. A., & Serio, C. D. (1994). Interpersonal impacts and adjustment to the stress of simulated captivity: An empirical test of the Stockholm syndrome. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 207–221. doi: 10.1521/jscp.1994.13.2.207.
318. Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence: Isolation and communion in Western man. Boston, MA: Beacon.
319. Bauer, J. J., & McAdams, D. P. (2004). Growth goals, maturity, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 40, 114–127. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.1.114.
320. Cantor, C., & Price, J. (2007). Traumatic entrapment, appeasement and complex post-traumatic stress disorder: Evolutionary perspectives of hostage reactions, domestic abuse and the Stockholm syndrome. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 377–384. doi: 10.1080/00048670701261178.
321. Carlson, R. G., & Jones, K. D. (2010). Continuum of confl ict and control: A conceptualization of intimate partner violence typologies. Addictions and Offender Issues, 18, 248–254. doi: 10.1177/1066480710371795.
322. Cusinato, M., & L’Abate, L. (2008a). Likeness: A hidden ingredient in family therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 116–125. doi: 10.1080/01926180701189812.
323. Cusinato, M., & L’Abate, L. (2008b). Selfhood: A hidden ingredient in family therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 19, 320–329. doi: 10.1080/08975350802475064.
324. Diehl, M., Owen, S. K., & Youngblade, L. M. (2004). Agency and communion attributes in adults’ spontaneous self-representations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 1–15. doi: 10.1080/01650250344000226.
325. Dimaggio, G., Hermans, H. J. M., & Lysaker, P. H. (2010). Health and adaptation in a multiple self: The role of absence of dialogue and poor metacognition in clinical populations. Theory & Psychology, 20, 379–399. doi: 10.1177/0959354310363319.
326. Favaro, A., Degortes, D., Colombo, G., & Santonastaso, P. (2000). The effects of trauma among kidnap victims in Sardinia, Italy. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 30, 975–980. doi: 10.1017/S0033291799001877.
327. Fitzpatrick, L. (2009). Stockholm syndrome. Time, 174 (10), 19.
328. Flynn, E. E. (1987). Victims of terrorism: Dimensions of the victim experience. In P. Wilkinson & A. M. Stewart (Eds.), Contemporary research on terrorism (pp. 337–355). Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.
329. Goddard, C. R., & Stanley, J. R. (1994). Viewing the abusive parent and the abused child as captor and hostage: The application of hostage theory to the effects of child abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 258–269. doi: 10.1177/088626094009002008.
330. Graham, D. L. R., Rawlings, E. I., Ihms, K., Latimer, D., Foliano, J., Thompson, A., et al. (1995). A scale for identifying “Stockholm syndrome” reactions in young dating women: Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Violence and Victims, 10, 3–22.
331. Grigsby, N., & Hartman, B. (1997). The barriers model: An integrated strategy for intervention with battered women. Psychotherapy, 34, 485–497. doi: 10.1037/h0087721.
332. Hermans, H. J. M. (2003). The construction and reconstruction of dialogical self. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 16, 89–130. doi: 10.1080/10720530390117902.
333. Hermans, H. J. M., Kempen, H. J., & van Loon, R. J. (1992). The dialogical self: Beyond individualism and rationalism. American Psychologist, 47, 23–33. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.47.1.23.
334. Jameson, C. (2010). The “short step” from love to hypnosis: A reconsideration of the Stockholm syndrome. Journal for Cultural Research, 14, 337–355. doi: 10.1080/14797581003765309.
335. Jülich, S. (2005). Stockholm syndrome and child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14, 107–129. doi: 10.1300/J070v14n03_06.
336. Karpman, S. B. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 7, 39–43.
337. Karpman, S. B. (2009). Sex games people play: Intimacy blocks, games, and scripts. Transactional Analysis Journal, 39, 103–116.
338. Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation. New York: W. W. Norton.
339. Kumashiro, M., Rusbult, C. E., & Finkel, E. J. (2008). Navigating personal and relational concerns: The quest for equilibrium. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 94–110. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.94.
340. L’Abate, L. (1983). Styles in intimate relationships: The A-R-C Model. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 61, 277–283. doi: 10.1111/j.2164-4918.1983.tb00025.x.
341. L’Abate, L. (2009). The drama triangle: An attempt to resurrect a neglected pathogenic model in family therapy theory and practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 1–11. doi: 10.1080/01926180701870163.
342. L’Abate, L., Cusinato, M., Maino, E., Colesso, W., & Scilletta, C. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and mental health applications. New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5665-1.
343. Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. (2010). Controversies involving gender and intimate partner violence in the United States. Sex Roles, 62, 179–193. doi: 10.1007/s11199-009-9628-2.
344. Namnyak, M., Tufton, N., Szekely, R., Toal, M., Worboys, S., & Sampson, E. L. (2008). ‘Stockholm syndrome’: Psychiatric diagnosis or urban myth? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 117, 4–11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01112.x.
345. Ochberg, F. (2006). There is reason in action. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Mapping trauma and its wake: Autobiographic essays by pioneer trauma scholars (pp. 137–151). New York: Routledge.
346. Pearn, J. (2000). Traumatic stress disorders: A classification with implications for prevention and management. Military Medicine, 165, 434–440.
347. Raggatt, P. T. F. (2007). Forms of positioning in the dialogical self: A system of classification and the strange case of Dame Edna Everage. Theory & Psychology, 17, 355–382. doi: 10.1177/0959354307077288.
348. Raggatt, P. T. F. (2010). The dialogical self and thirdness: A semiotic approach to positioning using dialogical triads. Theory & Psychology, 20, 400–419. doi: 10.1177/0959354310364878.
349. Skowron, E. A., & Dendy, A. K. (2004). Differentiation of self and attachment in adulthood: Relational correlates of effortful control. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26, 337–357. doi: 10.1023/B:COFT.0000037919.63750.9d.
350. Skowron, E. A., Holmes, S. E., & Sabatelli, R. M. (2003). Deconstructing differentiation: Selfregulation, interdependent relating, and well-being in adulthood. Contemporary Family Therapy, 25, 111–129. doi: 10.1023/A:1022514306491.
351. Slife, B. D., & Wiggins, B. J. (2009). Taking relationship seriously in psychotherapy: Radical relationality. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39, 17–24. doi: 10.1007/s10879-008-9100-6.
352. Speckhard, A., Tarabrina, N., Krasnov, V., & Mufel, N. (2005a). Stockholm effects and psychological responses to captivity in hostages held by suicide terrorists. Traumatology, 11, 121–140. doi: 10.1177/153476560501100206.
353. Speckhard, A., Tarabrina, N., Krasnov, V., & Mufel, N. (2005b). Posttraumatic and acute stress responses in hostages held by suicide terrorists in the takeover of a Moscow theater. Traumatology, 11, 3–21. doi: 10.1177/153476560501100102.
354. Strentz, T. (1980). The Stockholm syndrome: Law enforcement policy and ego defenses of the hostage. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 347, 137–150. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21263.x.
355. Strentz, T., & Auerbach, S. M. (1988). Adjustment to the stress of simulated captivity: Effects of emotion-focused vs. problem-focused preparation on hostages differing in locus of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 652–660. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.55.4.652.
356. Volf, M. (1996). Exclusion and embrace: A theological exploration of identity, otherness, and reconciliation. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press.
357. Wesselius, C. L., & DeSarno, J. V. (1983). The anatomy of a hostage situation. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 1, 33–45. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2370010207.
358. White, M. (2006). Working with people who are suffering the consequences of multiple trauma: A narrative perspective. In D. Denborough (Ed.), Trauma: Narrative responses to traumatic experience (pp. 25–85). Adelaide: Dulwich Centre Publications.
359. White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. New York: Norton.
360. Zerin, M. (1988). An application of the drama triangle to family therapy. Transactional Analysis Journal, 18, 94–101.
361. Allen, N. B., Chambers, R., Knight, W., Blashki, G., Ciechomski, L., Hassed, C., et al. (2006). Mindfulness-based psychotherapies: A review of conceptual foundations, empirical evidence and practical considerations. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 285–294. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1614.2006.01794.x.
362. Anderson, H. (2007a). The heart and soul of collaborative therapy: The philosophical stance—“a way of being” in relationship and conversation. In H. Anderson & D. Gehart (Eds.), Collaborative therapy: Relationships and conversations that make a difference (pp. 43–59). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
363. Anderson, H. (2007b). A postmodern umbrella: Language and knowledge as relational and generative, and inherently transforming. In H. Anderson & D. Gehart (Eds.), Collaborative therapy: Relationships and conversations that make a difference (pp. 7–19). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
364. Anderson, H., & Gehart, D. (2009). Collaborative practice: Relationships and conversations that make a difference. London: Routledge.
365. Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143.
366. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45.
367. Bailey, D. C. (2012). Assessment in marriage and family therapy: A review of clinical updates for family therapists. Marriage & Family Review, 48, 311–338. doi: 10.1080/01494929.2012.674479.
368. Baker, A. L., & Ben-Ami, N. (2011). To turn a child against a parent is to turn a child against himself: The direct and indirect effects of exposure to parental alienation strategies on self- esteem and well-being. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 52, 472–489. doi: 10.1080/10502556.2011.609424.
369. Ben-Ami, N., & Baker, A. J. L. (2012). The long-term correlates of childhood exposure to parental alienation on adult self-suffi ciency and well-being. American Journal of Family Therapy, 40, 169–183. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2011.601206.
370. Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational defi nition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bph077.
371. Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
372. Bray, J. H. (2009). Couple and family assessment. In J. H. Bray & M. Stanton (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of family psychology (pp. 151–164). West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781444310238.ch10.
373. Cantor, C., & Price, J. (2007). Traumatic entrapment, appeasement and complex post-traumatic stress disorder: Evolutionary perspectives of hostage reactions, domestic abuse and the Stockholm syndrome. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 377–384. doi: 10.1080/00048670701261178.
374. Capaldi, D. M., & Rothbart, M. K. (1992). Development and validation of an early adolescent temperament measure. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 12, 153–173. doi: 10.1177/0272431692012002002.
375. Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 23–33. doi: 10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7.
376. Carr, A. (2000). Empirical approaches to family assessment. Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 121–127. doi: 10.1111/1467-6427.00137.
377. Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 509–535). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
378. Coffey, K. A., Hartman, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Deconstructing mindfulness and constructing mental health: Understanding mindfulness and its mechanisms of action. Mindfulness, 1, 235–253. doi: 10.1007/s12671-010-0033-2.
379. Cook, W. L., & Kenny, D. A. (2004). Application of the social relations model to family assessment. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 361–371. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.18.2.361.
380. Cusinato, M., & L’Abate, L. (2008). Selfhood: A hidden ingredient in family therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 19, 320–329. doi: 10.1080/08975350802475064.
381. Dallos, R., & Urry, A. (1999). Abandoning our parents and grandparents: Does social construction mean the end of systemic family therapy? Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 161–186. doi: 10.1111/1467-6427.00112.
382. Davidson, R. J., Dunne, J., Eccles, J. S., Engle, A., Greenberg, M., Jennings, P., et al. (2012). Contemplative practices and mental training: Prospects for American education. Child Development Perspectives, 6, 146–153. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00240.x.
383. Dimaggio, G., Hermans, H. J. M., & Lysaker, P. H. (2010). Health and adaptation in a multiple self: The role of absence of dialogue and poor metacognition in clinical populations. Theory & Psychology, 20, 379–399. doi: 10.1177/0959354310363319.
384. Elliott, R., Watson, J. C., Goldman, R. N., & Greenberg, L. S. (2004). Learning emotion-focused therapy: The process-experiential approach to change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10725-000.
385. Ellis, L. K., & Rothbart, M. K. (2001). Revision of the early adolescent temperament questionnaire. Poster presented at the 2001 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN.
386. Evans, D. E., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Development of a model for adult temperament. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 868–888.
387. Feld, B. G. (2007). The therapeutic effect of triadic interactive regulation on couple therapy. Group, 31, 171–183.
388. Fjorback, L. O., Arendt, M. M., Ørnbøl, E. E., Fink, P. P., & Walach, H. H. (2011). Mindfulnessbased stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy—a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124, 102–119. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01704.x.
389. Garner, P. W., & Hinton, T. S. (2010). Emotional display rules and emotional self-regulation: Associations with bullying and victimization in community-based after school programs. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 20, 480–496. doi: 10.1002/casp.1057.
390. Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2003). Studying infant temperament via the revised infant behavior questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 26, 64–86.
391. Graham, D. L. R., Rawlings, E. I., Ihms, K., Latimer, D., Foliano, J., Thompson, A., et al. (1995). A scale for identifying “Stockholm syndrome” reactions in young dating women: Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Violence and Victims, 10, 3–22.
392. Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the diffi culties in emotion regulations scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.
393. Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Integrating an emotion-focused approach to treatment into psychotherapy integration. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12, 154–189. doi: 10.1037//1053-0479.12.2.154.
394. Greenberg, L. S., & Goldman, R. N. (2008). Emotion-focused couples therapy: The dynamics of emotion, love, and power. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/11750-000.
395. Greenberg, L., Warwar, S., & Malcolm, W. (2010). Emotion-focused couples therapy and the facilitation of forgiveness. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 36, 28–42. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2009.00185.x.
396. Heath, A. (1993). Reading signs. In A. H. Rambo, A. Heath, & R. J. Chenail (Eds.), Practicing therapy: Exercises for growing therapists (pp. 89–153). New York: W. W. Norton.
397. Hermans, H. J. M. (2004). The innovation of self-narratives: A dialogical approach. In L. E. Angus & J. McLeod (Eds.), The handbook of narrative and psychotherapy: Practice, theory, and research (pp. 175–191). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
398. Hermans, H. J. M., Kempen, H. J., & van Loon, R. J. (1992). The dialogical self: Beyond individualism and rationalism. American Psychologist, 47, 23–33. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.47.1.23.
399. Hoffman, L. (1985). Beyond power and control: Toward a “second order” family systems therapy. Family Systems Medicine, 3, 381–396. doi: 10.1037/h0089674.
400. Hoffman, L. (1990). Constructing realities: An art of lenses. Family Process, 29, 1–12.
401. Hoffman, L. (1991). A refl exive stance for family therapy. Journal of Strategic & Systemic Therapies, 10, 4–17.
402. Hooper, L. M. (2012). Parentification. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (Vol. 4, pp. 2023–2031). New York: Springer.
403. Hooper, L. M., Marotta, S. A., & Lanthier, R. P. (2008). Predictors of growth and distress following parentification among college students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17, 693–705.
404. Ivey, D. C., Scheel, M. J., & Jankowski, P. J. (1999). A contextual perspective of clinical judgement in couples and family therapy: Is the bridge too far? Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 339–359. doi: 10.1111/1467-6427.00124.
405. Jackson, T., Mackenzie, J., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2000). Communal aspects of self-regulation. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 275–300). San Diego, CA: Academic. doi: 10.1016/B978-012109890-2/50038-X.
406. Jankowski, P. J., & Hooper, L. M. (2012). Differentiation of self: A validation study of the Bowen theory construct. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1, 226–243. doi: 10.1037/a0027469.
407. Jankowski, P. J., & Ivey, D. C. (2001). Problem defi nition in marital and family therapy: A qualitative study. Contemporary Family Therapy, 23, 419–439. doi: 10.1023/A:1013001012043.
408. Jankowski, P. J., Ivey, D. C., & Vaughn, M. J. (2011, August). Contextualizing clinical judgment: Advancing a model of problem formation. Paper presented at the 119th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
409. Jankowski, P. J., Ivey, D. C., & Vaughn, M. J. (2012). Re-visioning a model of clinical judgment for systemic practitioners. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 31, 17–35.
410. Johnson, S. M. (1996). The practice of emotionally focused marital therapy: Creating connection. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
411. Johnson, S. M. (2002). Emotionally focused couple therapy with trauma survivors: Strengthening attachment bonds. New York: Guilford.
412. Karpman, S. B. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 7, 39–43.
413. Karpman, S. B. (2009). Sex games people play: Intimacy blocks, games, and scripts. Transactional Analysis Journal, 39, 103–116.
414. Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation. New York: W. W. Norton.
415. L’Abate, L. (1983). Styles in intimate relationships: The A-R-C Model. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 61, 277–283. doi: 10.1111/j.2164-4918.1983.tb00025.x.
416. L’Abate, L., Cusinato, M., Maino, E., Colesso, W., & Scilletta, C. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and mental health applications. New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5665-1.
417. Lassiter, L. L. (2008). The regulatory function of the triangle. In P. Titelman (Ed.), Triangles: Bowen family systems theory perspectives (pp. 63–89). New York: Haworth.
418. McCullough, M. E., & Willoughby, B. L. (2009). Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 69–93.
419. McGoldrick, M., Gerson, R., & Shellenberger, S. (1999). Genograms: Assessment and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton.
420. Nutt, R. L., & Stanton, M. (2011). Family psychology specialty practice. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1, 92–105. doi: 10.1037/2160-4096.1.S.91.
421. Putnam, S. P., Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Measurement of fi ne-grained aspects of toddler temperament: The early childhood behavior questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 29, 386–401.
422. Putnam, S. P., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Development of short and very short forms of the children’s behavior questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 102–112.
423. Rober, P. (1999). The therapist’s inner conversation in family therapy practice: Some ideas about the self of the therapist, therapeutic impasse, and the process of reflection. Family Process, 38, 209–228.
424. Rober, P. (2005). The therapist’s self in dialogical family therapy: Some ideas about not-knowing and the therapist’s inner conversation. Family Process, 44, 477–495. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2005.00073.x.
425. Ross, J. M., & Babcock, J. C. (2010). Gender and intimate partner violence in the United States: Confronting the controversies. Sex Roles, 62, 194–200. doi: 10.1007/s11199-009-9677-6.
426. Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., & Evans, D. E. (2000). Temperament and personality: Origins and outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 122–135.
427. Shapiro, S. L., & Schwartz, G. E. (1999). Intentional systemic mindfulness: An integrative model for self-regulations and health. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 15, 128–134.
428. Shults, F. L., & Sandage, S. J. (2006). Transforming spirituality: Integrating theology and psychology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
429. Simonds, J., Kieras, J. E., Rueda, M. R., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Effortful control, executive attention, and emotional regulation in 7-10 year-old children. Cognitive Development, 22, 474–488.
430. Skowron, E. A., & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI fusion with others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29, 209–222. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01201.x.
431. Slife, B. D. (2004). Taking practice seriously: Toward a relational ontology. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 24, 157–178. doi: 10.1037/h0091239.
432. Slife, B. D., & Wiggins, B. J. (2009). Taking relationship seriously in psychotherapy: Radical relationality. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39, 17–24. doi: 10.1007/s10879-008-9100-6.
433. Stanton, M., & Welsh, R. (2011). Specialty competencies in couple and family psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
434. Telzer, E. H., & Fuligni, A. J. (2009). Daily family assistance and the psychological well-being of adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1177–1189. doi: 10.1037/a0014728.
435. Titelman, P. (2008). The concept of the triangle in Bowen theory: An overview. In P. Titelman (Ed.), Triangles: Bowen family systems theory perspectives (pp. 3–61). New York: Haworth.
436. Vaughn, M. J. (2004). Creating “maneuvering room”: A grounded theory of language and infl uence in marriage and family therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26, 425–442. doi: 10.1007/s10591-004-0645-6.
437. Volf, M. (1996). Exclusion and embrace: A theological exploration of identity, otherness, and reconciliation. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press.
438. White, M. (2000). Re-engaging with history: The absent but implicit. In M. White (Ed.), Refl ections on narrative practice (pp. 35–58). Adelaide: Dulwich Centre Publications.
439. White, M. (2006). Working with people who are suffering the consequences of multiple trauma: A narrative perspective. In D. Denborough (Ed.), Trauma: Narrative responses to traumatic experience (pp. 25–85). Adelaide: Dulwich Centre Publications.
440. Widiger, T. A., Livesley, W. J., & Clark, L. A. (2009). An integrative dimensional classification of personality disorder. Psychological Assessment, 21, 243–255. doi: 10.1037/a0016606.
441. Wills, T. A., Pokhrel, P., Morehouse, E., & Fenster, B. (2011). Behavioral and emotional regulation and adolescent substance use problems: A test of moderation effects in a dual-process model. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 279–292. doi: 10.1037/a0022870.
442. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
443. Baker, A. L., & Ben-Ami, N. (2011). To turn a child against a parent is to turn a child against himself: The direct and indirect effects of exposure to parental alienation strategies on self- esteem and well-being. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 52, 472–489. doi: 10.1080/10502556.2011.609424.
444. Baldwin, A. L., Cole, R. E., & Baldwin, C. P. (1982). Parental pathology, family interaction, and the competence of the child in school. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, No. 197.
445. Barlow, D. H. (Ed.). (1993). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders. New York: Guilford.
446. Ben-Ami, N., & Baker, A. J. L. (2012). The long-term correlates of childhood exposure to parental alienation on adult self-suffi ciency and well-being. American Journal of Family Therapy, 40, 169–183. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2011.601206.
447. Biglan, A., Flay, B. R., Embry, D. D., & Sandler, I. N. (2012). The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being. American Psychologist, 67, 257–271.
448. Cantor, C., & Price, J. (2007). Traumatic entrapment, appeasement and complex post-traumatic stress disorder: Evolutionary perspectives of hostage reactions, domestic abuse and the Stockholm syndrome. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 377–384. doi: 10.1080/00048670701261178.
449. Clarkin, J. F., & Lenzenweger, M. E. (Eds.). (1996). Major theories of personality disorders. New York: Guilford.
450. Clay, R. A. (2012, February). Improving disorder classification, worldwide. Monitor on Psychology, 40–44.
451. Costa, O. T., & Widiger, T. A. (Eds.). (1994). Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
452. Ewen, R. B. (1993). An introduction to theories of personality. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
453. Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2002). Theories of personality. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
454. Garrison, W. T., & Earls, F. J. (1987). Temperament and child psychopathology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
455. Gelfand, D. M., & Peterson, L. (1985). Child development and psychopathology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
456. Haynes, S. N. (1992). Models of causality and psychopathology: Toward dynamic, synthetic, and nonlinear models of behavior disorders. New York: Macmillan.
457. Hooper, L. M. (2012). Parentification. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (Vol. 4, pp. 2023–2031). New York: Springer.
458. Hooper, L. M., DeCoster, J., White-Chapman, N., & Voltz, M. L. (2011). Characterizing the magnitude of the relation between self-reported childhood parentification and adult psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 1028–1043. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20807.
459. Hooper, L. M., Doehler, K., Jankowski, P. J., & Tomek, S. E. (2012). Patterns of self-reported alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and body mass index in a family sample: The buffering effects of parentification. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 20, 164–178. doi: 10.1177/1066480711435320.
460. Hooper, L. M., Marotta, S. A., & Lanthier, R. P. (2008). Predictors of growth and distress following parentification among college students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17, 693–705.
461. Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. N. (Eds.). (2005). Psychopathology and the family. Boston, MA: Elsevier.
462. Karpman, S. B. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 7, 39–43.
463. Karpman, S. B. (2009). Sex games people play: Intimacy blocks, games, and scripts. Transactional Analysis Journal, 39, 103–116.
464. Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation. New York: W. W. Norton.
465. Klein, M. J., Kupfer, D. J., & Shea, M. T. (Eds.). (1993). Personality and depression: A current view. New York: Guilford.
466. Krueger, R. E., & Tackett, J. L. (Eds.). (2006). Personality and psychopathology. New York: Guilford.
467. L’Abate, L. (2006). Toward a relational theory for psychiatric classification. American Journal of Family Therapy, 34, 1–15.
468. L’Abate, L. (2009). The drama triangle: An attempt to resurrect a neglected pathogenic model in family therapy theory and practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 1–11. doi: 10.1080/01926180701870163.
469. L’Abate, L. (in press). Emerging constructs in family and personality psychology. New York: Springer-Science.
470. Lahey, B. B., Moffitt, T. T., & Caspi, A. (Eds.). (2003). Causes of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. New York: Guilford.
471. Livesley, W. J. (Ed.). (1995). Personality disorders. New York: Guilford.
472. Livesley, W. J. (Ed.). (2001). Handbook of personality disorders: Theory, research, and treatment. New York: Guilford.
473. Livesley, W. J., Jang, K. L., Jackson, D. N., & Vernon, P. A. (1993). Genetic and environmental contributions to dimensions of personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1826–1831.
474. Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. (2003). Personality traits (2nd ed). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
475. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1990). Personality in adulthood. New York: Guilford.
476. Millon, T. (1981). Disorders of personality: DSM-III: Axis II. New York: Wiley.
477. Millon, T., Blaney, P. H., & Davis, R. D. (Eds.). (1999). Oxford textbooks of psychopathology. New York: Oxford University Press.
478. Page, M. M. (Ed.). (1983). Nebraska symposium on motivation: Personality—Current theory and research. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska University Press.
479. Patterson, G. R. (Ed.). (1990). Depression and aggression in family interaction. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
480. Schneewind, K. A., & Ruppert, S. (1998). Personality and family development: An intergenerational, longitudinal comparison. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
481. Sheets, E., & Craighead, W. E. (2007). Toward an empirically based classification of personality pathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 77–93.
482. Skodol, A. E. (2012). Personality disorders in DSM-5. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 317–344.
483. Titelman, P. (2008). The concept of the triangle in Bowen theory: An overview. In P. Titelman (Ed.), Triangles: Bowen family systems theory perspectives (pp. 3–61). New York: Haworth.
484. Toman, W. (1979). Family therapy and sibling position. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
485. Widiger, T. A. (2007). An empirically-based classification of personality pathology: Where do we go from here? Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 94–97.
486. Widiger, T. A., Livesley, W. J., & Clark, L. A. (2009). An integrative dimensional classification of personality disorder. Psychological Assessment, 21, 243–255. doi: 10.1037/a0016606.
487. Wrightsman, L. S. (1994a). Adult personality development: Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
488. Wrightsman, L. S. (1994b). Adult personality development: Theories and concepts. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.