Solid matrix based lipidic nanoparticles in oral cancer chemotherapy: Applications and pharmacokinetics

Current Drug Metabolism

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 633-644

  Ahmad, Javed ^a   Amin, Saima ^a   Rahman, Mahfoozur ^a   Rub, Rehan Abdur ^a   Singhal, Madhur ^a   Ahmad, Mohammad Zaki ^b   Rahman, Ziyaur ^c   Addo, Richard T ^d   Ahmad, Farhan Jalees ^a   Mushtaq, Gohar ^e   Kamal, Mohammad Amjad ^e,f   Akhter, Sohail ^a  

^a HAMDARD UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b NAJRAN UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^c TEXAS A AND M HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^d UNION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^f Enzymoics   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cancer; Lipid nanoparticles; Metabolism; Multidrug efflux transporter; Nano lipid drug conjugates; Nanostructured lipid carriers; Oral chemotherapy; Solid lipid nanoparticle

Indexed keywords

NANOMATERIAL; NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER; SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; LIPID; NANOPARTICLE;

ARTICLE; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG CONJUGATION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DISPOSITION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG METABOLISM; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMAN; MOUTH CANCER; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; NEOPLASMS; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; LIPIDS; NANOPARTICLES; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84947925282     PISSN: 13892002     EISSN: 18755453     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1389200216666150812122128     Document Type: Article

References (168)

1. Mazzaferro, S.; Bouchemal, K.; Ponchel, G. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs I: general consideration. Drug Discov. Today, 2013, 18, 25-34.
2. Banna, G. L.; Collova, E.; Gebbia, V.; Lipari, H.; Giuffrida, P.; Cavallaro, S.; Condorelli, R.; Buscarino, C.; Tralongo, P.; Ferrau, F. Anticancer oral therapy: emerging related issues. Cancer Treat Rev., 2010, 36, 595-605.
3. Mei, L.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, L.; Huang, L.; Yang, X. L.; Tang, J.; Feng, S. S. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2013, 65, 880-890.
4. Thanki, K.; Gangwal, R. P.; Sangamwar, A. T.; Jain, S. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs: challenges and opportunities. J. Control. Release, 2013, 170, 15-40.
5. Luo, C.; Sun, J.; Du, Y.; He, Z. Emerging integrated nanohybrid drug delivery systems to facilitate the intravenous-to-oral switch in cancer chemotherapy. J. Control. Release, 2014, 176, 94-103.
6. Koolen, S. L.; Beijnen, J. H.; Schellens, J. H. Intravenous-to-oral switch in anticancer chemotherapy: a focus on docetaxel and paclitaxel. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2010, 87, 126-129.
7. Mazzaferro, S.; Bouchemal, K.; Ponchel, G. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs I: the prodrug strategy. Drug Discov. Today, 2013, 18, 93-98.
8. Mazzaferro, S.; Bouchemal, K.; Ponchel, G. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs I: formulation using drug delivery systems. Drug Discov. Today, 2013, 18, 99-104
9. Pouton, C. W. Formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs for oral administration: physicochemical and physiological issues and the lipid formulation classification system. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2006, 29(3-4 SPEC. ISS), 278-287.
10. Muller, R. H.; Maassen, S.; Weyhers, H.; Mehnert, W. Phagocytic uptake and cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) sterically stabilized with poloxamine 908 and poloxamer 407. J. Drug Target, 1996, 4, 161-170.
11. Ravi Kumar, M. N. Nano and microparticles as controlled drug delivery devices. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2000, 234-258.
12. Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza, A.; Campanero, M. A.; Mollinedo, F.; Blanco-Prieto, M. J. Lipid nanomedicines for anticancer drug therapy. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 2009, 5, 323-343.
13. Chen, D. B.; Yang, T. Z.; Lu, W. L.; Zhang, Q. In vitro and in vivo study of two types of long-circulating solid lipid nanoparticles containing paclitaxel. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2001, 49, 1444-1447.
14. Fundaro, A.; Cavalli, R.; Bargoni, A.; Vighetto, D.; Zara, G. P.; Gasco, M. R. Non-stealth and stealth solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) carrying doxorubicin: pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after i.v. administration to rats. Pharmacol. Res., 2000, 42, 337-343.
15. ®) dispersions. Int. J. Pharm., 1998, 168, 221-229.
16. Freitas, C.; Muller, R. H. Correlation between long-term stability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN (TM)) and crystallinity of the lipid phase. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 1999, 47, 125-132.
17. ®) in aqueous dispersion after addition of electrolyte. J. Microencapsul., 1999, 16, 59-71.
18. Dingler, A.; Gohla, S. Production of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN): scaling up feasibilities. J. Microencapsul., 2002, 19, 11-16.
19. Ahmad, J.; Kohli, K.; Mir, S. R.; Amin, S. Lipid based nanocarriers for oral delivery of cancer chemotherapeutics: an insight in the intestinal lymphatic transport. Drug Deliv. Lett., 2013, 3, 38-46.
20. Akhter, S.; Ahmad, I.; Ahmad, M. Z.; Ramazani, F.; Singh, A.; Rahman, Z.; Ahmad, F. J.; Storm, G.; Kok, R. J. Nanomedicines as cancer therapeutics: current status. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets, 2013, 13, 362-378.
21. Torchilin, V. Tumor delivery of macromolecular drugs based on the EPR effect. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2011, 63, 131-135.
22. Paliwal, R.; Rai, S.; Vaidya, B.; Khatri, K.; Goyal, A. K.; Mishra, N.; Mehta, A.; Vyas, S. P. Effect of lipid core material on characteristics of solid lipid nanoparticles designed for oral lymphatic delivery. Nanomedicine, 2009, 5, 184-191.
23. Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza, A.; Campanero, M. A.; Lana, H.; Villa-Pulgarin, J. A.; de la Iglesia-Vicente, J.; Mollinedo, F.; Blanco-Prieto, M. J. Complete inhibition of extranodal dissemination of lymphoma by edelfosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond), 2012, 7, 679-690.
24. Lipinski, C. A. Drug-like properties and the causes of poor solubility and poor permeability. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods, 2000, 44, 235-249.
25. McLeod, H. L.; Evans, W. E. Oral cancer chemotherapy: the promise and the pitfalls. Clin. Cancer Res., 1999, 5, 2669-2671.
26. Ahmad, J.; Mir, S. R.; Kohli, K.; Chuttani, K.; Mishra, A. K.; Panda, A. K.; Amin, S. Solid-Nanoemulsion Preconcentrate for Oral Delivery of Paclitaxel: Formulation Design, Biodistribution, and γ Scintigraphy Imaging. Biomed. Res. Int., 2014, article ID 984756.
27. Ahmad, J.; Mir, S.; R., Kohli, K.; Amin, S. Quality by Design Approach for Self Nanoemulsifying System of Paclitaxel. Sci. Adv. Mater., 2014, 6, 1778-1791.
28. Akhter, S.; Ahmad, M. Z.; Ahmad, F. J.; Storm, G.; Kok, R. J. Gold nanoparticles in theranostic oncology: current state-of-the-art. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 2012, 9, 1225-1243.
29. Brouwers, J.; Brewster, M. E.; Augustijns, P. Supersaturating drug delivery systems: the answer to solubility-limited oral bioavailability? J. Pharm. Sci., 2009, 98, 2549-2572.
30. Sugano, K. Fraction of a dose absorbed estimation for structurally diverse low solubility compounds. Int. J. Pharm., 2011, 405, 79-89.
31. Yee, S. In vitro permeability across Caco-2 cells (colonic) can predict in vivo (small intestinal) absorption in man-fact or myth. Pharm. Res., 1997, 14, 763-766.
32. Doherty, M. M.; Charman, W. N. The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drugmetabolism? Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2002, 41, 235-253.
33. Ermund, A.; Schutte, A.; Johansson, M. E.; Gustafsson, J. K; Hansson, G. C. Studies of mucus in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon. I. Gastrointestinal mucus layers have different properties depending on location as well as over the Peyer's patches. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 2013, 305, G341-G347.
34. Johansson, M. E.; Sjovall, H.; Hansson, G. C. The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2013, 10, 352-361.
35. Johansson, M. E..; Ambort, D.; Pelaseyed, T.; Schutte, A.; Gustafsson, J. K.; Ermund, A.; Subramani, D. B.; Holmen-Larsson, J. M.; Thomsson, K. A.; Bergstrom, J. H.; van der Post, S.; Rodriguez-Pineiro, A. M..; Sjovall, H.; Backstrom, M.; Hansson, G. C. Composition and functional role of the mucus layers in the intestine. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 2011, 68, 3635-3641.
36. Kim, Y. S.; Ho, S. B. Intestinal goblet cells and mucins in health and disease: recent insights and progress. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep., 2010, 12, 319-330.
37. Szakacs, G.; Varadi, A.; Ozvegy-Laczka, C.; Sarkadi, B. The role of ABC transporters in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME-Tox). Drug Discov. Today, 2008, 13, 379-393.
38. Buxton, I. L. O. In: Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics; Brunton, L. L; Lazo J. S.; Parker K. L (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill Publishers, New York, 2006, pp. 1-40.
39. Akhter, S.; Amin, S.; Ahmad, J.; Khan, S.; Anwar, M.; Ahmad, M. Z.; Rahman, Z.; Ahmad, F. J. Nanotechnology to Combat Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. In Resistance to Targeted ABC Transporters in Cancer, Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 245-272.
40. Breedveld, P.; Beijnen, J. H.; Schellens, J. H. M. Use of Pglycoprotein and BCRP inhibitors to improve oral bioavailability and CNS penetration of anticancer drugs. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2006, 27, 17-24.
41. Ambudkar, SV.; Ramachandra, M.; Cardarelli, C. O.; Pastan, I.; Gottesman, M. M. Modulation of human P-glycoprotein ATPase activity by interaction between overlapping substrate-binding sites. Proc. Annu. Meet. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 1996, 325.
42. Sauna, Z. E.; Smith, M. M.; Muller, M.; Kerr, K. M; Ambudkar, S. V. The mechanism of action of multidrug-resistance-linked Pglycoprotein. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 2001, 33, 481-491.
43. Sparreboom, A.; van Asperen, J.; Mayer, U.; Schinkel, A. H.; Smit, J. W.; Meijer, D. K.; Borst, P.; Nooijen, W. J.; Beijnen, J. H.; van Tellingen, O. Limited oral bioavailability and active epithelial excretion of paclitaxel (Taxol) caused by P-glycoprotein in the intestine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 1997, 94, 2031-2035.
44. Agoram, B.; Woltosz, W. S.; Bolger, M. B.; Predicting the impact of physiological and biochemical processes on oral drug bioavailability. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (Suppl. 1), 2001, S41-S67.
45. van Herwaarden, A. E.; van Waterschoot, R. A.; Schinkel, A. H. How important is intestinal cytochrome P450 3A metabolism? Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2009, 30, 223-227.
46. Wu, C. Y.; Benet, L. Z.; Hebert, M. F.; Gupta, S. K.; Rowland, M.; Gomez, D. Y.; Wacher, V. J. Differentiation of absorption and firstpass gut and hepatic metabolism in humans: studies with cyclosporine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 1995, 58, 492-497.
47. Singh, B. N.; Kim, K. H. Drug delivery: oral route, in: J. Swarbrick (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Informa Healthcare, New York, 2007, pp. 1242-1265.
48. Barthe, L.; Woodley, J.; Houin, G. Gastrointestinal absorption of drugs: methods and studies. Fundam. Clin. Pharm., 1999, 13, 154-168.
49. Thummel, K. E.; Kunze, K. L.; Shen, D. D. Enzyme-catalyzed processes of first-pass hepatic and intestinal drug extraction. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 1997, 27, 99-127.
50. Tabata, T.; Katoh, M.; Tokudome, S.; Nakajima, M.; Yokoi, T. Identification of the cytosolic carboxylesterase catalyzing the 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine formation from capecitabine in human liver. Drug Metab. Dispos., 2004, 32, 1103-1110.
51. Gonzalez, F. J.; Tukey, R. H. Drug metabolism, in: L. L. Brunton, J. S. Lazo, K. L. Parker (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill Publishers, New York, 2006, pp. 71-92.
52. Shin, S. C.; Choi, J. S.; Li, X. Enhanced bioavailability of tamoxifen after oral administration of tamoxifen with quercetin in rats. Int. J. Pharm., 2006, 313, 144-149.
53. Mouly, S.; Paine, M. F. P-Glycoprotein increases from proximal to distal regions of human small intestine. Pharm. Res., 2003, 20, 1595-1599.
54. Matsumura, Y.; Maeda, H. A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent SMANCS. Cancer Res., 1986, 6, 193-210.
55. Mehnert, W.; Mader, K. Solid lipid nanoparticles: production, characterization and applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2001, 47, 165-196.
56. Wissing, S. A.; Kayser, O.; Muller, R. H. Solid lipid nanoparticles for parenteral drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2004, 56, 1257-1272.
57. ®), in: D. Wise (Ed.), Handbook of Pharmaceutical Controlled Release Technology, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 359-376.
58. Muller, R. H.; Mader, K.; Gohla, S. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery-a review of the state of the art. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2000, 50, 61-177.
59. Heath, T. D. Liposome dependent drugs, in: G. Gregoriadis (Ed.), Liposomes as Drug Carriers: Trends and Progress, Wiley, New York, 1988, pp. 709-718.
60. Muller, R. H.; Ruhl, D.; Runge, S.; Schulze-Forster, K.; Mehnert, W. Cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles as a function of the lipid matrix and the surfactant. Pharm. Res., 1997, 14, 458-462.
61. Muller, R. H.; Maaben, SD.; Weyhers, H.; Specht, F.; Lucks, J. S. Cytotoxicity of magnetite loaded polylactide, polylactide/glycolide particles and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Int. J. Pharm., 1996, 138, 85-94.
62. Fu, K.; Pack, D. W.; Klibanov, A. M; Langer, R. Visual evidence of acidic environment within degrading poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. Pharm. Res., 2000, 17, 100-106.
63. Smith, A.; Hunneyball, I. M. Evaluation of poly (lactic acid) as a biodegradable drug delivery system for parenteral administration. Int. J. Pharm., 1986, 30, 215-220.
64. Ewesuedo R. B.; Ratain, M. J. Principles of cancer chemotherapy, in: E. E. Vokes, H. M. Golomb (Eds.), Oncologic Therapeutics, Springer, New York, 2003, pp. 19-66.
65. Lasa-Saracibar, B.; Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza, A.; Guada, M.; Dios-Vieitez, C.; Blanco-Prieto, M. J. Lipid nanoparticles for cancer therapy: state of the art and future prospects. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 2012, 9, 1245-1261.
66. Serpe, L.; Catalano, M. G.; Cavalli, R.; Ugazio, E.; Bosco, O.; Canaparo, R.; Muntoni, E.; Frairia, R.; Gasco, MRM.; Eandi, M.; Zara, G. P. Cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs incorporated in solid lipid nanoparticles on HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2004, 58, 673-680.
67. Cavalli, R.; Caputo, O.; Gasco, M. R. Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanospheres containing paclitaxel. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2000, 10, 305-309.
68. Yang, S. C.; Zhu, J. B. Preparation and characterization of camptothecan solid lipid nanoparticles. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 2002, 28, 265-274.
69. Zara, G. P.; Cavalli, R.; Fundaro, A.; Bargoni, A.; Caputo, O.; Gasco, M. R. Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin incorporated in solid lipid nanospheres (SLN). Pharm. Res., 1999, 40, 281-286.
70. Miglietta, A.; Cavalli, R.; Bocca, C.; Gabriel, L.; Gasco, MR. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanospheres (SLN) incorporating doxorubicin or paclitaxel. Int. J. Pharm., 2000, 210, 61-67.
71. Wong, H. L.; Bendayan, R.; Rauth, A. M.; Wu, X. Y. Development of solid lipid nanoparticles containing ionically-complexed chemotherapeutic drugs and chemosensitizers. J. Pharm. Sci., 2004, 93, 1993-2004.
72. Prados, J.; Melguizo, C.; Ortiz, R.; Velez, C.; Alvarez, P. J.; Arias, J. L.; Ruiz, M. A.; Gallardo, V.; Aranega, A. Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles: new advances in breast cancer therapy. Anticancer Agents Med. Chem., 2012, 12, 1058-1070.
73. Reddy, L. H.; Sharma, R. K.; Chuttani, K.; Mishra, A. K.; Murthy, R. S. R. Influence of administration route on tumor uptake and biodistribution of etoposide loaded solid nanoparticles in Dalton's lymphoma tumor bearing mice. J. Control. Release, 2005, 105, 185-198.
74. Zara, G. P.; Bargoni, A.; Cavalli, R.; Fundaro, A.; Vighetto, D.; Gasco, M. R. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of idarubicinloaded solid lipid nanoparticles after duodenal administration to rats. J. Pharm. Sci., 2002, 91, 1324-1333.
75. Singla, A. K.; Garg, A.; Aggarwal D. Paclitaxel and its formulations. Int. J. Pharm., 2002, 235, 179-192.
76. Wang, J. X.; Sun, X.; Zhang, Z. R. Enhanced brain targeting by synthesis of 3-, 5-dioctanoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and incorporation into solid lipid nanoparticles. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2002, 54, 285-290.
77. Williams, J.; Lansdown, R.; Sweitzer, R.; Romanoswki, M.; Labell, R.; Ramaswami, R.; Unger, E. Nanoparticle drug delivery system for intravenous delivery of topoisomerase inhibitors. J. Control. Release, 2003, 91, 167-172.
78. Uner, M.; Yener, G. Importance of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in various administration routes and future perspectives. Int. J. Nanomedicine, 2007, 2, 289-300.
79. Pandita, D.; Ahuja, A.; Lather, V.; Benjamin, B.; Dutta, T.; Velpandian, T.; Khar, R. K. Development of lipid-based nanoparticles for enhancing the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. AAPS. Pharm-Sci. Tech., 2011, 12, 712-722.
80. Liu, D.; Liu, C.; Zou, W.; Zhang, N. Enhanced gastrointestinal absorption of N3-O-toluyl-fluorouracil by cationic solid lipid nanoparticles. J. Nanopart. Res., 2010, 12, 975-984.
81. Gong, X.; Moghaddam, M. J.; Sagnella, S. M.; Conn, C. E.; Danon, S. J.; Waddington, L. J.; Drummond, C. J. Lamellar crystalline self-assembly behaviour and solid lipid nanoparticles of a palmityl prodrug analogue of Capecitabine-a chemotherapy agent. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 2011, 85, 349-359.
82. Yuan, H.; Chen, C. Y.; Chai, G. H.; Du, Y. Z.; Hu F. Q. Improved transport and absorption through gastrointestinal tract by PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles. Mol. Pharm., 2013, 10, 1865-1873.
83. Cho, H. J.; Park, J. W.; Yoon, I. S.; Kim, D. D. Surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery of docetaxel: enhanced intestinal absorption and lymphatic uptake. Int. J. Nanomed., 2014, 9, 495-504.
84. Zhang, T.; Chen, J.; Zhang, Y.; Shen, Q.; Pan, W. Characterization and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier as a vehicle for oral delivery of etoposide. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 43, 174-179.
85. Shete, H.; Patravale, V. Long chain lipid based tamoxifen NLC. Part I: Preformulation studies, formulation development and physicochemical characterization. Int. J. Pharm., 2013, 454, 1, 573-583.
86. Shete, H.; Chatterjee, S.; De, A.; Patravale, V. Long chain lipid based tamoxifen NLC. Part II: Pharmacokinetic, biodistribution and in vitro anticancer efficacy studies. Int. J. Pharm., 2013, 454, 584-592.
87. Paliwal, R.; Rai, S.; Vyas, S. P. Lipid drug conjugate (LDC) nanoparticles as autolymphotrophs for oral delivery of methotrexate. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 2011, 7, 130-131.
88. Neupane, Y. R.; Sabir, M. D.; Ahmad, N.; Ali, M.; Kohli, K. Lipid drug conjugate nanoparticle as a novel lipid nanocarrier for the oral delivery of decitabine: ex vivo gut permeation studies. Nanotechnology, 2013, 24, 415102.
89. Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza, A.; Preat, V.; Mollinedo, F.; Blanco-Prieto, M. J. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of edelfosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles against glioma. J. Control. Release, 2011, 156, 421-426.
90. Hashem, F. M.; Nasr, M.; Khairy, A. In-vitro cytotoxicity and bioavailability of solid lipid nanoparticles containing tamoxifen citrate. Pharm. Dev. Technol., 2014, 19, 824-832.
91. Lim S. J.; Lee, M. K.; Kim, C. K. Altered chemical and biological activities of all-trans retinoic acid incorporated in solid lipid nanoparticle powders. J. Control. Release, 2004, 100, 53-61.
92. Ugazio, E.; Cavali, R.; Gasco, M. R. Incorporation of cyclosporin A in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Int. J. Pharm., 2002, 241, 341-344.
93. Wong, H. L.; Bendayan, R.; Rauth, A. M.; Wu, X. Y. Formulation, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles carrying polymer-linked doxorubicin and GG918, a novel Pglycoprotein inhibitor. AAPS J., 2004, 6, T3208.
94. Joshi, N.; Saha, R.; Shanmugam, T.; Balakrishnan, B.; More, P.; Banerjee, R. Carboxymethyl chitosan-tethered lipid vesicles: hybrid nanoblanket for oral delivery of paclitaxel. Biomacromolecules, 2013, 14, 2272-2282.
95. Eldem, T.; Speiser, P.; Altorfer, H. Polymorphic behavior of sprayed lipid micropellets and its evaluation by differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Pharm. Res., 1991, 8, 178-84.
96. Muller, R. H.; Lucks, J. S. Medication vehicles made of solid lipid particles (solid lipid nanospheres - SLN). EP0605497;1993
97. Schwarz, C.; Mehnert, W.; Lucks, J. S.; Muller, R. H. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery. I. Production, characterization and sterilization. J. Control. Release, 1994, 30, 83-96.
98. Gasco, M. R. Method for producing solid lipid microspheres having a narrow size distribution. US188837;1993
99. Gasco, M. R. Solid lipid nanospheres from warm microemulsions. Pharm. Tech. Eur., 1997, 9, 52-8.
100. Saupe, A.; Rades, T. Solid lipid nanoparticles. Nanocarrier technologies. Springer, 2007, p. 41-50.
101. Wong, H. L.; Bendayan, R.; Rauth, A. M.; Li, Y.; Wu, X. Y. Chemotherapy with anticancer drugs encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2007, 59, 491-504.
102. Wong, H. L.; Rauth, A. M.; Bendayan, R.; Manias, J. L.; Ramaswamy, M.; Liu, Z.; Erhan, S. Z.; Wu, X. Y. A new polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle system increases cytotoxicity of doxorubicin against multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cells. Pharm. Res., 2006, 23, 1574-1585.
103. Yang, S.; Zhu, J.; Lu, Y.; Liang, B.; Yang, C. Body distribution of camptothecin solid lipid nanoparticles after oral administration. Pharm. Res., 1999, 16, 751-757.
104. Chen, D. B.; Yang, T. Z.; Lu, W. L.; Zhang, Q. In vitro and in vivo study of two types of long-circulating solid lipid nanoparticles containing paclitaxel. Chem. Pharmaceut. Bull., 2001, 49, 1444-1447.
105. Yuan, H.; Miao, J.; Du, Y. Z.; You, J.; Hu, F. Q.; Zeng, S. Cellular uptake of solid lipid nanoparticles and cytotoxicity of encapsulated paclitaxel in A549 cancer cells. Int. J. Pharm., 2008, 348, 137-145.
106. Lim, S. J.; Lee, M. K.; Kim, C. K. Altered chemical and biological activities of all-trans retinoic acid incorporated in solid lipid nanoparticle powders. J. Control. Release, 2004, 100, 53-61.
107. Jain, R. K. Barriers to drug delivery in solid tumors. Sci. Am., 1994, 271, 58-65.
108. Bargoni, A.; Cavalli, R.; Caputo, O.; Fundaro, A.; Gasco, M. R.; Zara, G. P. Solid lipid nanoparticles in lymph and plasma after duodenal administration to rats. Pharm. Res., 1998, 15, 745-750.
109. Cavalli, R.; Zara, G. P.; Caputo, O.; Bargoni, A.; Fundaro, A.; Gasco, M. R. Transmucosal transport of tobramycin incorporated in SLN after duodenal administration to rats. Part I-a pharmacokinetic study. Pharmacol. Res., 2000, 42, 541-545.
110. Cavalli, R.; Bargoni, A.; Podio, V.; Muntoni, E.; Zara, G. P.; Gasco, M. R. Duodenal administration of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with different percentages of tobramycin. J. Pharm. Sci. 2003, 92, 1085-1094.
111. Muller, R. H.; Petersen, R. D.; Hommoss, A.; Pardeike, J. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic dermal products. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2007, 59, 522-530.
112. Muller, R. H.; Radtke, M.; Wissing, S. A. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2002, 54, S131-55.
113. Yuan, H.; Wang, L. L.; Du, Y. Z.; You, J.; Hu, F. Q.; Zeng, S. Preparation and characteristics of nanostructured lipid carriers for control releasing progesterone by melt-emulsification. Colloids Surf. B., 2007, 60, 174-179.
114. Puri, A.; Loomis, K.; Smith, B.; Lee, J. H.; Yavlovich, A.; Heldman, E.; Blumenthal, R. Lipid-based nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers: from concepts to clinic. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst., 2009, 26, 523-580.
115. Joshi, M. D.; Muller, R. H. Lipid nanoparticles for parenteral delivery of actives. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2009, 71, 161-172.
116. Liu, D.; Liu, Z.; Wang, L.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, N. Nanostructured lipid carriers as novel carrier for parenteral delivery of docetaxel. Colloids Surf. B., 2011, 85, 262-269.
117. Sharma, P.; Dube, B.; Sawant, K. Development and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers of cytarabine for treatment of meningeal leukemia. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2011, 11, 6676-6682.
118. Zhao, X.; Zhao, Y.; Geng, L.; Li, X.; Wang, X.; Liu, Z.; Wang, D.; Bing, K.; Chen, X. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of docetaxel by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: evaluation of folate receptor-targeting amphiphilic copolymer modified nanostructured lipid carrier. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2011, 87, 3721-3727.
119. Li, F.; Weng, Y.; Wang, L.; He, H.; Yang, J.; Tang, X. The efficacy and safety of bufadienolides-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Int. J. Pharm., 2010, 393, 203-211.
120. Zhang, X. G.; Miao, J.; Dai, Y. Q.; Du, Y. Z.; Yuan, H.; Hu, F. Q. Reversal activity of nanostructured lipid carriers loading cytotoxic drug in multi-drug resistant cancer cells. Int. J. Pharm., 2008, 361, 239-244.
121. Chinsriwongkul, A.; Chareanputtakhun, P.; Ngawhirunpat, T.; Rojanarata, T.; Sila-on, W.; Ruktanonchai, U.; Opanasopit, P. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for parenteral delivery of an anticancer Drug. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech., 2012, 13, 150-158.
122. Liu, X.; Wang, Z.; Feng, R.; Hu, Y.; Huang, G. A novel approach for systematic delivery of a hydrophobic anti-leukemia agent tamibarotene mediated by nanostructured lipid carrier. J. Biomed. Nanotech., 2013, 9, 1586-1593.
123. Zhang, X. Y.; Qiao, H.; Ni, J. M.; Shi, Y. B.; Qiang, Y. Preparation of isoliquiritigenin-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier and the in vivo evaluation in tumor-bearing mice. Eur J. Pharm Sci., 2013, 49, 411-422.
124. Luan, J.; Zhang, D.; Hao, L.; Qi, L.; Liu, X.; Guo, H.; Li, C.; Guo, Y.; Li, T.; Zhang, Q.; Zhai, G. Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of Amoitone B-loaded long circulating nanostructured lipid carriers. Colloids Surf. B., 2014, 114, 255-260.
125. Chu, Y.; Li, D.; Luo, Y. F.; He, X. J.; Jiang, M. Y. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Molecules, 2014, 19, 2445-2457.
126. Fang, M.; Jin, Y.; Bao, W.; Gao, H.; Xu, M.; Wang, D.; Wang, X.; Liu, L. In vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation of nanostructured lipid curcumin carriers for intragastric administration. Int. J. Nanomed., 2012, 7, 5395-404.
127. Zhang, C.; Peng, F.; Liu, W.; Wan, J.; Wan, C.; Xu, H.; Lam, C. W.; Yang, X. Nanostructured lipid carriers as a novel oral delivery system for triptolide: induced changes in pharmacokinetics profile associated with reduced toxicity in male rats. Int. J. Nanomedicine, 2014, 9, 1049-1063.
128. Muller, R. H.; Olbrich, C. Lipid matrix-drug conjugates particle for controlled release of active ingredients. US6770299;2002.
129. Olbrich, C.; Gebner, A.; Kayser, O.; Muller, R. H. Lipid-drug conjugate (LDC) nanoparticles as novel carrier system for the hydrophilic antitrypanosomal drug Diminazenediaceturate. J. Drug Targeting, 2002, 10, 387-396.
130. Cai, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, L. J.; Liu, Z. Q. Nanocarriers: A General Strategy for Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed or Pre-Systemically Metabolized Drugs. Curr. Drug Metab., 2010, 11, 197-207.
131. Porter, C. J.; Trevaskis, N. L.; Charman, W. N. Lipids and lipid based formulations: optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2007, 6(3), 231-248.
132. Zhuang, C. Y.; Li, N.; Wang, M.; Zhang, X. N.; Pan, W. S.; Peng, J. J.; Pan, Y. S.; Tang, X. Preparation and characterization of vin pocetine loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for improved oral bioavailability. Int. J. Pharm., 2010, 394(1-2), 179-185.
133. Muller, R. H.; Runge, S.; Ravelli, V.; Mehnert, W.; Thunemann, A. F.; Souto, E. B. Oral bioavailability of cyclosporine: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) versus drug nanocrystals. Int. J. Pharm., 2006, 317, 82-89.
134. Hanafy, A.; Spahn-Langguth, H.; Vergnault, G.; Grenier, P.; Tubic Grozdanis, M.; Lenhardt, T.; Langguth, P. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral fenofibrate nanosuspensions and SLN in comparison to conventional suspensions of micronized Drug Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2007, 59, 419-426.
135. Hu, L.; Tang, X.; Cui, F. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2004, 56, 1527-1535.
136. Palin, K. J.; Wilson, C. G. The effect of different oils on the absorption of probucol in the rat. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1984, 36, 641-643.
137. Bunjes, H.; Westesen, K.; Koch, M. H. J. Crystallization tendency and polymorphic transitions in triglyceride nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm., 1996, 129, 159-173.
138. Sanjula, B.; Shah, F. M.; Javed, A.; Alka, A. Effect of poloxamer 188 on lymphatic uptake of carvedilol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for bioavailability enhancement. J. Drug Target, 2009, 17, 249-256.
139. Yuan, H.; Chen, J.; Du, Y. Z.; Hu, F. Q.; Zeng, S.; Zhao, H. L. Studies on oral absorption of stearic acid SLN by a novel fluorometric method. Colloids Surf. B., 2007, 58, 157-164.
140. Zhang, N.; Ping, Q.; Huang, G.; Xu, W.; Cheng, Y.; Han, X. Lectin-modified solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers for oral administration of insulin. Int. J. Pharm., 2006, 327, 153-159.
141. Sachs-Barrable, K.; Thamboo, A.; Lee, S. D.; Wasan, K. M. Lipid Excipients Peceol and Gelucire 44/14 decrease P-glycoprotein mediated efflux of Rhodamine 123 partially due to modifying Pglycoprotein protein expression within Caco-2 Cells. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2007, 10, 319-331.
142. Buszello, K.; Harnisch, S.; Muller, R. H.; Muller, B. W. The influence of alkali fatty acids on the properties and the stability of parenteral O/W emulsions modified with solutol HS 15. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2000, 49, 143-149.
143. Shono, Y.; Nishihara, H.; Matsuda, Y.; Furukawa, S.; Okada, N.; Fujita, T.; Yamamoto, A. Modulation of intestinal P-glycoprotein function by cremophor EL and other surfactants by an in vitro diffusion chamber method using the isolated rat intestinal membranes. J. Pharm. Sci., 2004, 93, 877-885.
144. Hussain, N.; Jaitley, V.; Florence, A. T. Recent advances in the understanding of uptake of microparticulates across the gastrointestinal lymphatics. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2001, 50, 107-142.
145. Desai, M. P.; Labhasetwar, V.; Amidon, G. L.; Levy, R. J. Gastrointestinal uptake of biodegradable microparticles: effect of particle size. Pharm. Res., 1996, 13, 1838-1845.
146. Liversidge; G. G., Cundy; K. C. Particle size reduction for improvement of oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs: I. Absolute oral bioavailability of nanocrystalline danazol in beagle dogs. Int. J. Pharm., 1995, 125, 91-97.
147. He, J.; Hou, S. X.; Lu, W. G.; Zhu, L.; Feng, J. F. Preparation, pharmacokinetics and body distribution of silymarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles after oral administration. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 2007, 3, 195-202.
148. Manjunath, K.; Venkateswarlu, V. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and bioavailability of nitrendipine solid lipid nanoparticles after intravenous and intraduodenal administration. J. Drug Target, 2006, 14, 632-645.
149. Bummer, P. M. Physical chemical considerations of lipid-based oral drug delivery - Solid lipid nanoparticles. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug, 2004, 21, 1-19.
150. Bargoni, A.; Cavalli, R.; Zara, G. P.; Fundaro, A.; Caputo, O.; Gasco, M. R. Transmucosal transport of tobramycin incorporated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) after duodenal administration to rats. Part II-tissue distribution. Pharmacol. Res., 2001, 43, 497-502.
151. Muller, R. H.; Ruhl, D.; Runge, S. A. Biodegradation of solid lipid nanoparticles as a function of lipase incubation time. Int. J. Pharm., 1996, 144, 115-121.
152. Olbrich, C.; Muller, R. H. Enzymatic degradation of SLN-effect of surfactant and surfactant mixtures. Int. J. Pharm., 1999, 180, 31-39.
153. Olbrich, C.; Kayser, O.; Muller, R. H. Enzymatic degradation of Dynasan 114 SLN-effect of surfactants and particle size. J. Nanopart. Res., 2002, 4(1-2), 121-129.
154. Olbrich, C.; Kayser, O.; Muller, R. H. Lipase degradation of Dynasan 114 and 116 solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)-effect of surfactants, storage time and crystallinity. Int. J. Pharm., 2002, 237, 119-128.
155. Almeida, A. J.; Souto, E. Solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for peptides and proteins. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2007, 59, 478-490.
156. Vasir, J. K.; Tambwekar, K.; Garg, S. Bioadhesive microspheres as a controlled drug delivery system. Int. J. Pharm., 2003, 255, 13-32.
157. Varshosaz, J.; Minayian, M.; Moazen, E. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of pentoxifylline by solid lipid nanoparticles. J. Liposome Res., 2010, 20, 115-123.
158. Hu, L.; Xing, Q.; Meng, J.; Shang, C. Preparation and Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Cryptotanshinone-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech., 2010, 11, 582-587.
159. Varshosaz, J.; Tabbakhian, M.; Mohammadi, M. Y. Formulation and optimization of solid lipid nanoparticles of buspirone HCl for enhancement of its oral bioavailability. J. Liposome Res., 2010, 20(4), 286-296.
160. Martins, S.; Silva, A. C.; Ferreira, D. C.; Souto, E. B. Improving oral absorption of Salmon calcitonin by trimyristin lipid nanoparticles. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 2009, 5, 76-83.
161. Li, H.; Zhao, X.; Ma, Y.; Zhai, G.; Li, L.; Lou, H. Enhancement of gastrointestinal absorption of quercetin by solid lipid nanoparticles. J. Control. Release, 2009, 133, 238-244.
162. Suresh, G.; Manjunath, K.; Venkateswarlu, V.; Satyanarayana, V. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of lovastatin solid lipid nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech., 2007, 8, 24.
163. Bekerman, T.; Golenser, J.; Domb, A. Cyclosporin nanoparticulate lipospheres for oral administration. J. Pharm. Sci., 2004, 93, 1264-1270.
164. Kumar, V. V.; Chandrasekar, D.; Ramakrishna, S.; Kishan, V.; Rao, Y. M.; Diwan, P. V. Development and evaluation of nitrendipine loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: influence of wax and glyceride lipids on plasma pharmacokinetics. Int. J. Pharm., 2007, 335(1-2), 167-175.
165. Aji Alex, M. R.; Chacko, A. J.; Jose, S.; Souto, E. B. Lopinavir loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for intestinal lymphatic targeting. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 42, 11-18.
166. Chen, C. C.; Tsai, T. H.; Huang, Z. R.; Fang, J. Y. Effects of lipophilic emulsifiers on the oral administration of lovastatin from nanostructured lipid carriers: physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2010, 74, 474-482.
167. Kim, H.; Davaa, E.; Myung, C.; Park, J. Enhanced siRNA delivery using cationic liposomes with new polyarginine-conjugated PEGlipid. Int. J. Pharm., 2010, 392, 141-147.
168. Dabholkar, R. D.; Sawant, R. M.; Mongayt, D. A.; Devarajan, P. V.; Torchilin, V. P. Polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (PEG-PE)-based mixed micelles: some properties, loading with paclitaxel, and modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux. Int. J. Pharm., 2006, 315, 148-157.