Oral delivery of anticancer drugs I: General considerations

Drug Discovery Today

Volumn 18, Issue 1-2, 2013, Pages 25-34

  Mazzaferro, Silvia ^a   Bouchemal, Kawthar ^a   Ponchel, Gilles ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTRETAMINE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEXAROTENE; BUSULFAN; CAPECITABINE; CHLORAMBUCIL; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; ERLOTINIB; ESTRAMUSTINE PHOSPHATE; ETOPOSIDE; FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE; GEFITINIB; GIMERACIL PLUS OTERACIL POTASSIUM PLUS TEGAFUR; IBANDRONIC ACID; IBANDRONIC ACID SANDROZ; IDARUBICIN; IMATINIB; LAPATINIB; LENALIDOMIDE; LOMUSTINE; MATULAN; MELPHALAN; MERCAPTOPURINE; METHOTREXATE; METHOTREXATE BELLON; MITOTANE; NILOTINIB; PROCARBAZINE; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; TEMOZOLOMIDE; UFT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; ADRENAL CORTEX CARCINOMA; AQUEOUS SOLUTION; BODY SURFACE; BRAIN TUMOR; BREAST CANCER; BREAST METASTASIS; BREAST TUMOR; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; COLON CANCER; COLORECTAL CANCER; COLORECTAL TUMOR; CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA; DIARRHEA; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG COST; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SOLUBILITY; GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR; GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; LEUKEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER CANCER; LUNG CANCER; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; LYMPHOMA; MELANOMA; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NEOPLASM; NEUTROPENIA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; ORAL MUCOSITIS; OVARY CANCER; PANCREAS CANCER; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; POLYPHARMACY; PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; PROSTATE CANCER; REVIEW; STOMACH CANCER; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; WALDENSTROEM MACROGLOBULINEMIA;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; DRUG DESIGN; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84871920903     PISSN: 13596446     EISSN: 18785832     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.08.004     Document Type: Review

References (134)

1. K. Fitch Parity for oral and intravenous injected cancer drugs Milliman Rep. 2010 1 20
2. W.P. Roos, and B. Kaina DNA damage-induced cell death by apoptosis Trends Mol. Med. 12 2006 440 450
3. T. Helleday DNA repair pathways as targets for cancer therapy Nat. Rev. 8 2008 193 204
4. S. Kaye New antimetabolites in cancer chemotherapy and their clinical impact Br. J. Cancer 78 1998 1 7
5. A.B. da Rocha Natural products in anticancer therapy Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 1 2001 364 369
6. I. Johnson The vinca alkaloids: a new class of oncolytic agents Cancer Res. 2 1963 1390 1427
7. M. Kavallaris Multiple microtubule alterations are associated with vinca alkaloid resistance in human leukemia cells Cancer Res. 61 2001 5803 5809
8. D. Schrama Antibody targeted drugs as cancer therapeutics Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 5 2006 147 159
9. J.M. Reichert, and V.E. Valge-Archer Development trends for monoclonal antibody cancer therapeutics Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 6 2007 349 356
10. G.P. Adams, and L.M. Weiner Monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer Nat. Biotechnol. 23 2005 1147 1157
11. J. Mendelsohn The epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for cancer therapy Endocr. Relat. Cancer 8 2001 3 9
12. C. Allegra American Society of Clinical Oncology Provisional Clinical Opinion: testing for KRAS gene mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to predict response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody therapy J. Clin. Oncol. 12 2009 2091 2096
13. E. Gilboa DC-based cancer vaccines J. Clin. Invest. 117 2007 1195 1203
14. T.F. Greten Cancer vaccines J. Clin. Oncol. 17 1999 1047 1060
15. J. Schlom Cancer vaccines: moving beyond current paradigms Clin. Cancer Res. 17 2007 3884 3891
16. P.K. Srivastava Therapeutic cancer vaccines Curr. Opin. Immunol. 18 2006 201 205
17. B. Fisher Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90 1998 1371 1388
18. C. Osborne Tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer N. Engl. J. Med. 339 1998 1609 1618
19. R. Brueggemeier Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer Endocr. Rev. 26 2005 331 345
20. G. Ellis Randomized trial of denosumab in patients receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for nonmetastatic breast cancer J. Clin. Oncol. 26 2008 4875 4882
21. I. Smith, and M. Dowsett Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer N. Engl. J. Med. 348 2003 2431 2442
22. J.M.M. Terwogt Clinical pharmacology of anticancer agents in relation to formulations and administration routes Cancer Treat. Rev. 25 1999 83 101
23. C. Kruijtzer Improvement of oral drug treatment by temporary inhibition of drug transporters and/or cytochrome P450 in the gastrointestinal tract and liver: an overview Oncologist 7 2002 516 630
24. S. Weinberger, and J. Martinez Characterization of hydrolysis of [leu]enkephalin and d-ala2-[l-leu] enkephalin in rat plasma J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 247 1988 129 135
25. N.J. Wheate The status of platinum anticancer drugs in the clinic and in clinical trials Dalton. Trans. 39 2010 8113 8127
26. A.K. Singla Paclitaxel and its formulations Int. J. Pharm. 235 2002 179 192
27. O. Van Tellingen Cremophor EL causes (pseudo-) non-linear pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in patients Br. J. Cancer 81 1999 330 335
28. H. Gelderblom Influence of Cremophor El on the bioavailability of intraperitoneal paclitaxel Clin. Cancer Res. 8 2002 1237 1241
29. S.D. Baker Simultaneous analysis of docetaxel and the formulation vehicle polysorbate 80 in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry Anal. Biochem. 324 2004 276 284
30. M. Borner Answering patients' needs: oral alternatives to intravenous therapy Oncologist 6 Suppl. 4 2001 12 16
31. S.A. Payne A study of life in cancer patients receiving palliative chemotherapy Soc. Sci. Med. 35 1992 1505 1509
32. J.F. Batlle Oral chemotherapy: potential benefits and limitations Clin. Transl. Oncol. 6 2004 335 340
33. C. Catania Perception that oral anticancer treatments are less efficacious: development of a questionnaire to assess the possible prejudices of patients with cancer Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 92 2005 265 272
34. L. Fallowfield Patients' preference for administration of endocrine treatments by injection or tablets: results from a study of women with breast cancer Ann. Oncol. 17 2005 205 210
35. T.R. Halfdanarson, and A. Jatoi Oral cancer chemotherapy: the critical interplay between patient education and patient safety Curr. Oncol. Rep. 12 2010 247 252
36. V.J. O'neill, and C.J. Twelves Oral cancer treatment: developments in chemotherapy and beyond Br. J. Cancer 87 2002 933 937
37. C.D. Britten Oral paclitaxel and concurrent cyclosporin A: targeting clinically relevant systemic exposure to paclitaxel Clin. Cancer Res. 6 2000 3459 3468
38. H.A. Bardelmeijer Increased oral bioavailability of paclitaxel by GF120918 in mice through selective modulation of P-glycoprotein Clin. Cancer Res. 6 2000 4416 4421
39. M. Agüeros Combined hydroxypropyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin and poly (anhydride) nanoparticles improve the oral permeability of paclitaxel Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 38 2009 405 413
40. M. Agüeros Increased oral bioavailability of paclitaxel by its encapsulation through complex formation with cyclodextrins in poly(anhydride) nanoparticles J. Control. Release 145 2010 2 8
41. H.A. Bardelmeijer Low systemic exposure of oral docetaxel in mice resulting from extensive first-pass metabolism is boosted by ritonavir Cancer Res. 62 2002 6158 6164
42. M.M. Malingré Coadministration of cyclosporine strongly enhances the oral bioavailability of docetaxel J. Clin. Oncol. 19 2001 1160 1166
43. S.S. Feng Poly(lactide)-vitamin E derivative/montmorillonite nanoparticle formulations for the oral delivery of Docetaxel Biomaterials 30 2009 3297 3306
44. J.J. Moes Pharmaceutical development and preliminary clinical testing of an oral solid dispersion formulation of docetaxel (ModraDoc001) Int. J. Pharm. 420 2011 244 250
45. M. Gore A randomised trial of oral versus intravenous topotecan in patients with relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer Eur. J. Cancer 38 2002 57 63
46. E. Roger Development and characterization of a novel lipid nanocapsule formulation of Sn38 for oral administration Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 79 2011 181 188
47. H. Choy Current status and future prospects for satraplatin, an oral platinum analogue Clin. Cancer Res. 14 2008 1633 1638
48. M. Malet-Martino, and R. Martino Clinical studies of three oral prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (capecitabine, UFT, S-1): a review Oncologist 7 2002 288 323
49. K. Ruddy Patient adherence and persistence with oral anticancer treatment CA. Cancer J. Clin. 59 2009 56 66
50. S. Weingart NCCN task force report: oral chemotherapy J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw. 6 2008 S-1 S-16
51. G. Liu Patient preferences for oral versus intravenous palliative chemotherapy J. Clin. Oncol. 15 1997 110 115
52. M. Borner Patient preference and pharmacokinetics of oral modulated UFT versus intravenous fluorouracil and leucovorin: a randomised crossover trial in advanced colorectal cancer Eur. J. Cancer 38 2002 349 358
53. C. Tebbi Treatment compliance in childhood and adolescence Cancer 71 1993 3441 3449
54. R.B. Haynes Compliance in health care Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1979 3441 3449
55. S.M. Lichtman, and M.K. Boparai Anticancer drug therapy in the older cancer patient: pharmacology and polypharmacy Curr. Treat. Options Oncol. 71 2008 191 203
56. S. Irshad, and N. Maisey Considerations when choosing oral chemotherapy: identifying and responding to patient need Eur. J. Cancer Care 19 2010 5 11
57. V. Denois Adherence with oral chemotherapy: results from a qualitative study of the behaviour and representations of patients and oncologists Eur. J. Cancer Care 2010 1 8
58. B. Hulka Communication, compliance, and concordance between physicians and patients with prescribed medications Am. J. Public Health 66 1976 847 853
59. W. Kruse Dosage frequency and drug-compliance behaviour-a comparative study on compliance with a medication to be taken twice or four times daily Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 41 1991 589 592
60. S. Moore Facilitating oral chemotherapy treatment and compliance through patient/family-focused education Cancer Nurs. 30 2007 112 122
61. S. Griffith A review of the factors associated with patient compliance and the taking of prescribed medicines Br. J. Gen. Pract. 40 1990 114 116
62. A. Partridge Adherence to oral cancer therapies: challenges and opportunities Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2009 124 128
63. A.H. Partridge Adherence to therapy with oral antineoplastic agents J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94 2002 652 661
64. J. Patton Increased use of oral chemotherapy drugs spurs increased attention to patient compliance J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 4 2008 175 177
65. G. Albrecht, and J. Hoogstraten Satisfaction as a determinant of compliance Commun. Dent. Oral. 26 1998 139 146
66. S. Simons Enhancing adherence to capecitabine chemotherapy by means of multidisciplinary pharmaceutical care Support. Care Cancer 19 2011 1009 1018
67. F. Palmieri, and D. Barton Challenges of oral medications in patients with advanced breast cancer Semin. Oncol. Nurs. 23 2007 S17 S22
68. D. McLeod Knowing the family: interpretations of family nursing in oncology and palliative care Eur. J. Oncol. Nurs. 14 2010 29 34
69. C. Vidall Providing community oral chemotherapy services Eur. J. Cancer Care 19 2010 29 34
70. J. Lokich Comparison of costs for infusion versus bolus chemotherapy administration: analysis of five standard chemotherapy regimens in three common tumors. Part one: model projections for cost based on charges Cancer 78 1996 294 299
71. J. Lokich Comparison of costs for infusion versus bolus chemotherapy administration. Part two: use of charges versus reimbursement for cost basis Cancer 78 1996 300 303
72. J. Cassidy Pharmacoeconomic analysis of adjuvant oral capecitabine vs intravenous 5-FU/LV in Dukes' C colon cancer: the X-ACT trial Br. J. Cancer 94 2006 1122 1129
73. E. De Cock Cost-effectiveness of oral ibandronate compared with intravenous (i.v.) zoledronic acid or i.v. generic pamidronate in breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease undergoing i.v. chemotherapy Support. Care Cancer 13 2005 975 986
74. E. De Cock Cost-effectiveness of oral ibandronate versus IV zoledronic acid or IV pamidronate for bone metastases in patients receiving oral hormonal therapy for breast cancer in the United Kingdom Clin. Ther. 27 2005 1295 1310
75. C. Eng Oral fluoropyrimidine treatment of colorectal cancer Clin. Colorectal Cancer 1 2001 95 103
76. ® in adjuvant colon cancer therapy (X-ACT) trial: overview of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness Clin. Colorectal Cancer 6 2006 276 287
77. A. Felici Dosing strategies for anticancer drugs: the good, the bad and body-surface area Eur. J. Cancer 38 2002 1677 1684
78. Reese, D. et al. Oral oncology treatment regimens and the role of medication therapy management on patient adherence and compliance. http://www.accc-cancer.org/publications/pdf/usoncologywhitepaper.pdf
79. P. Anderson Oral glutamine reduces the duration and severity of stomatitis after cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy Cancer 83 1998 1433 1439
80. K. Bajin-Katić Changes of biochemical parameters in rat intestinal mucosa induced by methotrexate and effects of enteral administration of glutamine Arch. Oncol. 12 2004 35 38
81. K. Bajin-Katić Intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity as a molecular marker of enterotoxicity induced by single dose of 5-fluorouracil and protective role of orally administered glutamine Arch. Oncol. 14 2006 101 105
82. W. Köstler Oral mucositis complicating chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: options for prevention and treatment CA. Cancer J. Clin. 51 2001 290 315
83. D. Girling Comparison of oral etoposide and standard intravenous multidrug chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: a stopped multicentre randomised trial Lancet 348 1996 563 566
84. J. Jassem A multicenter randomized phase II study of oral vs. intravenous vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients Ann. Oncol. 12 2001 1375 1378
85. J. Eckardt Open-label, multicenter, randomized, phase III study comparing oral topotecan/cisplatin versus etoposide/cisplatin as treatment for chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer J. Clin. Oncol. 24 2006 2044 2051
86. P. Hoff Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study J. Clin. Oncol. 19 2001 2282 2292
87. A.H. Dantzig Considerations in the design and development of transport inhibitors as adjuncts to drug therapy Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 55 2003 133 150
88. R.A.B. Van Waterschoot Absence of both cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein dramatically increases docetaxel oral bioavailability and risk of intestinal toxicity Cancer Res. 69 2009 8996 9002
89. J.M. Meerum Terwogt Coadministration of oral cyclosporin A enables oral therapy with paclitaxel Clin. Cancer Res. 5 1999 3379 3384
90. A.S.T. Planting A phase I and pharmacologic study of the MDR converter GF120918 in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced solid tumors Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 55 2005 91 99
91. M.M. Malingré A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of bi-daily dosing of oral paclitaxel in combination with cyclosporin A Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 47 2001 347 354
92. M. Skiba Evaluation of gastrointestinal behaviour in the rat of amphiphilic [beta]-cyclodextrin nanocapsules, loaded with indomethacin Int. J. Pharm. 126 1995 275 279
93. N. Ammoury Indomethacin-loaded poly(d,l-lactide) nanocapsules protection from gastrointestinal ulcerations and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation in rats Clin. Mater. 13 1993 121 130
94. S. De Chasteigner Gastro-intestinal tolerance study of a freeze-dried oral dosage form of indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules STP Pharma Sci. 5 1995 242 246
95. A. Florence, and P. Jani Novel oral drug formulations. Their potential in modulating adverse effects Drug Saf. 10 1994 233 266
96. J.D. Adams Taxol: a history of pharmaceutical development and current pharmaceutical concerns J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 15 1993 141 147
97. L. Bromberg Polymeric micelles in oral chemotherapy J. Control. Release 128 2008 99 112
98. P. Constantinides, and K.M. Wasan Lipid formulation strategies for enhancing intestinal transport and absorption of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate drugs: in vitro/in vivo case studies J. Pharm. Sci. 96 2007 235 248
99. P. Gao Development of a supersaturable SEDDS (S-SEDDS) formulation of paclitaxel with improved oral bioavailability J. Pharm. Sci. 92 2003 2386 2398
100. M.E. Brewster, and T. Loftsson Cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical solubilizers Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 59 2007 645 666
101. E. Del Valle Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review Process Biochem. 39 2004 1033 1046
102. D. Duchêne Cyclodextrins in targeting: application to nanoparticles Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 36 1999 29 40
103. T. Loftsson, and D. Duchêne Cyclodextrins and their pharmaceutical applications Int. J. Pharm. 329 2007 1 11
104. R.A. Rajewski, and V.J. Stella Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 2. In vivo drug delivery J. Pharm. Sci. 85 1996 1142 1169
105. S. Daoud-Mahammed Cyclodextrin and polysaccharide-based nanogels: entrapment of two hydrophobic molecules, benzophenone and tamoxifen Biomacromolecules 10 2009 547 554
106. M. Othman Microcalorimetric investigation on the formation of supramolecular nanoassemblies of associative polymers loaded with gadolinium chelate derivatives Int. J. Pharm. 379 2009 218 225
107. F. Segura-Sanchez Elucidation of the complexation mechanism between (1)-usnic acid and cyclodextrins studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and phase-solubility diagram experiments J. Mol. Recognit. 22 2009 232 241
108. N. Bellocq Transferrin-containing, cyclodextrin polymer-based particles for tumor-targeted gene delivery Bioconjugate Chem. 14 2003 1122 1123
109. K. Bouchemal A comprehensive study on the inclusion mechanism of benzophenone into supramolecular nanoassemblies prepared using two water-soluble associative polymers J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 98 2009 57 64
110. F. Maestrelli New 'drug-in cyclodextrin-in deformable liposome' formulations to improve the therapeutic efficacy of local anaesthatics Int. J. Pharm. 395 2010 222 231
111. S. Mazzaferro Bivalent sequential binding of docetaxel to methyl-β-cyclodextrin Int. J. Pharm. 416 2011 171 180
112. T. Loftsson Role of cyclodextrins in improving oral drug delivery Am. J. Drug Deliv. 2 2004 261 275
113. D. Duchêne Cyclodextrins and carrier systems J. Control. Release 62 1999 263 268
114. A. Monza da Silveira Combined poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) and cyclodextrins nanoparticles for enhancing the encapsulation of lipophilic drugs Pharm. Res. 15 1998 1051 1055
115. E. Bilensoy Safety and efficacy of amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery Int. J. Pharm. 347 2008 163 170
116. H. Boudad Combined hydroxypropyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin and poly (alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles intended for oral administration of saquinavir Int. J. Pharm. 218 2001 113 124
117. S. Sajeesh Surface functionalized polymethacrylic acid based hydrogel microparticles for oral delivery Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 74 2010 209 218
118. S. Sajeesh Cyclodextrin complexed insulin encapsulated hydrogel microparticles: an oral delivery system for insulin J. Control. Release 147 2010 377 384
119. L.S. Fonseca Nanocapsule@xerogel microparticles containing sodium diclofenac: a new strategy to control the release of drugs Int. J. Pharm. 358 2008 292 295
120. G. Fricker Phospholipids and lipid-based formulations in oral drug delivery Pharm. Res. 27 2010 1469 1486
121. S. Mazzaferro Intestinal permeation enhancement of docetaxel encapsulated into methyl-beta-cyclodextrin/poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles coated with thiolated chitosan J. Control. Release 162 2012 568 574
122. D. Dodou Mucoadhesives in the gastrointestinal tract: revisiting the literature for novel applications Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 60 2005 1 16
123. Y. Huang Molecular aspects of muco-and bioadhesion: tethered structures and site-specific surfaces J. Control. Release 65 2000 63 71
124. B. Petit The counterbalanced effect of size and surface properties of chitosan-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticle on mucoadhesion due to pluronic F68 addition Pharm. Res. 29 2012 943 952
125. I. Bravo-Osuna Mucoadhesion mechanism of chitosan and thiolated chitosan-poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles Biomaterials 28 2007 2233 2243
126. G. Ponchel, and J.M. Irache Specific and non-specific bioadhesive particulate systems for oral delivery to the gastrointestinal tract Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 34 1998 191 219
127. M.M. Gottesman How cancer cells evade chemotherapy: sixteenth Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation award lecture Cancer Res. 53 1993 747
128. R.L. Oostendorp The biological and clinical role of drug transporters at the intestinal barrier Cancer Treat. Rev. 35 2009 137 147
129. L.Z. Benet Intestinal MDR transport proteins and P-450 enzymes as barriers to oral drug delivery J. Control. Release 62 1999 25 31
130. L.M.S. Chan The ABCs of drug transport in intestine and liver: efflux proteins limiting drug absorption and bioavailability Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 21 2004 25 51
131. E.M. Leslie Multidrug resistance proteins: role of P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP (ABCG2) in tissue defense Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 204 2005 216 237
132. A.H. Schinkel, and J.W. Jonker Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family: an overview Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 55 2003 3 29
133. E. Leslie Toxicological relevance of the multidrug resistance protein 1. MRP1 (ABCC1) and related transporters Toxicology 167 2001 3 23
134. P.P. Constantinides, and K.M. Wasan Lipid formulation strategies for enhancing intestinal transport and absorption of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate drugs: in vitro/in vivo case studies J. Pharm. Sci. 96 2006 235 248