Recent advances on electrochemical enzyme biosensors

Current Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 5-21

  Jomma, Ezzaldeen Younes ^a   Ding, Shou Nian ^a  

^a SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Biosensors; Electrochemistry; Enzyme; Immobilization techniques; Modified electrodes

Indexed keywords

ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS; ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES; ENZYME ELECTRODES;

CROSS LINKING; ELECTROCHEMICAL ENZYME BIOSENSORS; ENZYME BIOSENSORS; ENZYME CLASSIFICATION; ENZYME PRODUCTION; IMMOBILIZATION METHOD; IMMOBILIZATION TECHNIQUE; MODIFIED ELECTRODES; PHYSICAL ADSORPTION; PHYSICAL ENTRAPMENT;

ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION;

EID: 84945358731     PISSN: 15734110     EISSN: 18756727     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1573411011666150611184215     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Daniel, R.T.; Klara, T.; Richard, A.D.; George, S.W. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Physical Chemistry Division. Food Chem., 1996, 55, 201.
2. Chen, C.; Xie, Q.J.; Yang, D.W.; Xiao, H.L.; Fu, Y.C.; Tan, Y.M.; Yao, S.Z. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors: a Review. RSC Advances, 2013, 3, 4473-4491.
3. Chen, X.M.; Su, B.Y.; Song, X.H.; Chen, Q.A.; Chen, X.; Wang, X.R. Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescent Enzyme Biosensors. TrAC Tr. Anal. Chem., 2011, 30, 665-676.
4. Liu, Y.; Matharu, Z.; Howland, M.C.; Revzin, A.; Simonian, A.L. Affinity and Enzyme-based Biosensors: Recent Advances and Emerging Applications in Cell Analysis and Point-of-care Testing. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2012, 404, 1181-1196.
5. Thevenot, D.R.; Toth, K.; Durst, R.A.; Wilson, G.S. Electrochemical Biosensors Recommended Definitions and Classification. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2001, 16, 121-131.
6. Bakker, E.; Qin, Y. Electrochemical Sensors, Anal. Chem., 2006, 78, 3965-3983.
7. Monosik, R.; Stredansky, M.; Tkac, J.; Sturdik, E. Application of Enzyme Biosensors in Analysis of Food and Beverages. Food Anal. Method, 2011, 5, 40-53.
8. Thakur, M.S.; Ragavan, K.V. Biosensors in Food Processing. J. Food Sci. Tech. Mys., 2013, 50, 625-641.
9. Illanes, A.; Cauerhff, A.; Wilson, L.; Castro, G.R. Recent Trends in Biocatalysis Engineering. Bioresource Technol., 2012, 115, 48-57.
10. Puri, M.; Sharma, D.; Barrow, C.J. Enzyme-assisted Extraction of Bioactives from Plants. Trends Biotechnol., 2012, 30, 37-44.
11. Vilhelmsson, O. The State of Enzyme Biotechnology in the Fish Processing Industry. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 1997, 8, 266-270.
12. Aehle, W. Enzymes in Industry Production and Applications, 3rd ed.; Wiley: New York, 2007.
13. Viniegra-Gonzalez, G.; Favela-Torres, E.; Aguilar, C.N.; Romero- Gomze, S.D.; Diaz-Godinez, G.; Augur, C. Advantages of Fungal Enzyme Production in Solid State Over Liquid Fermentation. Biochem. Eng. J., 2003, 13, 157-167.
14. Clark, D.S.; Blanch, H.W. Biochemical Engineering, 2nded.; Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York,1997.
15. Steele, H.L.; Jaeger, K.E.; Daniel, R.; Streit, W.R. Advances in Recovery of Novel Biocatalysts from Metagenomes. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2009, 16, 25-37.
16. Leca-Bouvier, B.D.; Blum, L.J. In: Recognition Receptors in Biosensors; Zourob, M.; Ed.; Springer Science B. M: New York, 2010; Pp. 177-220.
17. Webb, E.C. Enzyme Nomenclature, 1ed.; Academic Press: London, 1992.
18. May, S.W. Applications of Oxidoreductases. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 1999, 10, 370-375.
19. Arai, G.; Noma, T.; Hayashi, M.; Yasumori, I. Electrochemical Characteristics of D-amino Acid Oxidase Immobilized in a Conductive Redox Polymer. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1998, 452, 43-48.
20. McAuliffe, J.C. In: Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology; Kent, J.A.; Ed.; Springer Science B.M: New York, 2012;Vol.1, Pp.1183-1227.
21. Yang, V.C.; Ngo, T.T. Biosensors and their applications, Springer Science B. M: New York, 2012.
22. Wong, C.H. Enzymatic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis. Science, 1989, 244, 1145-1152.
23. De Souza, M.; Niu, W.; Laplaza, J.; Solheid, C. Isomerases and Epimerases and Methods of Using. U.S Patent 12,828,714, App.12, 2010.
24. Nelson, L.D.; Cox, M.M. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th ed.; WH Freeman & Company: New York, 2005.
25. Homaei, A.A.; Sariri, R.; Vianello, F.; Stevanato, R. Enzyme Immobilization: An Update. J. Chem. Biol., 2013, 6, 185-205.
26. Worsfold, P.J. Classification and Chemical Characteristics of Immobilized Enzymes-Technical Report. Pure App. Chem., 1995, 67, 597-600.
27. Brena, B.; Viera, F.B. In: Methods in Biotechnology; Guisan, J.M. Eds.; Springer Science B. M: New York, 2013; Vol.1051, pp.15- 31.
28. Sekretaryova, A.N.; Vokhmyanina, D.V.; Chulanova, T.O.; Karyakina, E.E.; Karyakin, A.A. Reagentless Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Wired by the Mediator Freely Diffusing in Enzyme Containing Membrane. Anal. Chem., 2012, 84, 1220-1223.
29. Baffert, C.; Sybirna, K.; Ezanno, P.; Lautier, T.; Hajj, V.; Meynial- Salles, I.; Soucaille, P.; Bottin, H.; Leger, C. Covalent Attachment of FeFeHydrogenases to Carbon Electrodes for Direct Electron Transfer. Anal. Chem., 2012, 84, 7999-8005.
30. Patterson, D.P.; Prevelige, P.E.; Douglas, T. Nanoreactors by Programmed Enzyme Encapsulation Inside the Capsid of the Bacteriophage. ACS Nano, 2012, 6, 5000-5009.
31. Abel, B.; Aslan, K. Immobilization of Enzymes to Silver Island Films for Enhanced Enzymatic Activity. J. Colloid Interface Sci, 2014, 415, 133-142.
32. Minteer, S.D. Enzyme Stabilization and Immobilization, Springer B.M: New York, 2011.
33. Hanefeld, U.; Gardossi, L.; Magner, E. Understanding Enzyme Immobilisation. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 453-468.
34. Sheldon, R.A. Enzyme Immobilization: The Quest for Optimum Performance. Adv. Synth. Catal., 2007, 349, 1289-1307.
35. Zhou, Z.; Hartmann, M. Recent Progress in Biocatalysis with Enzymes Immobilized on Mesoporous Hosts. Topics Catal., 2012, 55, 1081-1100.
36. Mateo, C.; Palomo, J.M.; Fernandez-Lorente, G.; Guisan, J.M.; Fernandez-Lafuente, R. Improvement of Enzyme Activity, Stability and Selectivity via Immobilization Techniques. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2007, 40, 1451-1463.
37. Crespilho, F.N.; Ghica, M.E.; Florescu, M.; Nart, F.C.; Oliveira, O.N.; Brett, C.M.A. A Strategy for Enzyme Immobilization on Layer-by-layer Dendrimer-gold Nanoparticle Electrocatalytic Membrane Incorporating Redox Mediator. Electrochem. Commun., 2006, 8, 1665-1670.
38. Jegan Roy, J.; Emilia Abraham, T. Strategies in Making Crosslinked Enzyme Crystals. Chem. Rev., 2004, 104, 3705-3722.
39. Karyakin, A.A. Principles of Direct (Mediator Free) Bioelectrocatalysis. Bioelectrochemistry, 2012, 88, 70-75.
40. Sheldon, R.A. Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEA®s) Stable and Recyclable Biocatalysts. Biochem. Soc. Transac., 2007, 35, 1583-1587.
41. Wei, Y.; Xu, J.G.; Feng, Q.W.; Lin, M.D.; Dong, H.; Zhang, W.J.; Wang, C. A Novel Method for Enzyme Immobilization: Direct Encapsulation of Acid Phosphatase in Nanoporous Silica Host Materials. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2001, 1, 83-93.
42. Hartmann, M.; Kostrov, X. Immobilization of Enzymes on Porous Silicas-benefits and Challenges. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 6277- 6289.
43. Sheldon, R.A.; van Pelt, S. Enzyme Immobilisation in Biocatalysis: Why, What and How. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 6223-6235.
44. Heck, T.; Faccio, G.; Richter, M.; Thony-Meyer, L. Enzymecatalyzed Protein Crosslinking. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2013, 97, 461-475.
45. Schoevaart, R.; Wolbers, M.W.; Golubovic, M.; Ottens, M.; Kieboom, A.P.G.; van Rantwijk, F.; van der Wielen, L.A.M.; Sheldon, R.A. Preparation, Optimization, and Structures of Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs). Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2004, 87, 754- 762.
46. Taylor, R.F.; Bickerstaff, F.G. Protein Immobilization,Wiley & Sons: New York,1991.
47. Bai Y.G.; Huang H.Q.; Meng K.; Shi P.G.; Yang P.L.; Luo H.Y.; Luo C.L.; Feng Y.K.; Yao B. Identification of an Acidic α- Amylase from Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 and Assessment of Its Application In the Starch Industry. Food Chem., 2012, 131,1473- 1478.
48. Schuckel, J.; Matura, A.; van Pee, K.H. One-copper Laccaserelated Enzyme from Marasmius sp.: Purification, Characterization and Bleaching of Textile Dyes. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2011, 48, 278-284.
49. Kohn, M.; Breinbauer, R. The Staudinger Ligation - A Gift to Chemical Biology. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2004, 43, 3106-3116.
50. Kalia, J.; Abbott, N.L.; Raines, R.T. General Method for Sitespecific Protein Immobilization by Staudinger Ligation. Bioconjugate Chem., 2007, 18, 1064-1069.
51. Moses, J.E.; Moorhouse, A.D. The Growing Applications of Click Chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2007, 36, 1249-1262.
52. Sassolas, A.; Blum, L.J.; Leca-Bouvier, B.D. Immobilization Strategies to Develop Enzymatic Biosensors. Biotechnol. Adv., 2012, 30, 489-511.
53. Radi, A.E.; Munoz-Berbel, X.; Cortina-Ping, M.; Marty, J.L. Novel Protocol for Covalent Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase on Gold Electrode Surface. Electroanalysis, 2009, 21, 696-700.
54. Liu, Y.; Yu, D.; Zeng, C.; Miao, Z.C.; Dai, L.M. Biocompatible Graphene Oxide-Based Glucose Biosensors. Langmuir, 2010, 26, 6158-6160.
55. Samanta, D.; Sarkar, A. Immobilization of Bio-macromolecules on Self-assembled Monolayers: Methods and Sensor Applications. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 2567-2592.
56. Datta, S.; Christena, L.R.; Rajaram, Y.R.S. Enzyme Immobilization: An Overview on Techniques and Support Materials. 3 Biotech, 2013, 3, 1-9.
57. Fernandez-Fernandez. M.; Sanroman, M.A.; Moldes, D. Recent Developments and Applications of Immobilized Laccase. Biotechnol. Adv., 2013, 31, 1808-1825.
58. Kaneko, K.; Itoh, T.; Fujimori, T. Collective Interactions of Molecules with an Interfacial Solid. Chem. Lett., 2012, 41, 466-475.
59. Rouquerol, J.; Rouquerol, F.; Llewellyn, P.; Maurin, G.; Sing, K.S.W. Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids: Principles, Methodology and Applications, 2nd ed.; Academic Press: London, 2013.
60. Thommes, M. Physical Adsorption Characterization of Nanoporous Materials. ChemieIngenieur Technik, 2010, 82, 1059-1073.
61. Landau, M.V. In:Handbook of Hetrogeneous catalysis;Ertl, G.; Knozinger, H.; Schutch, F.; Weitkamp, J., Eds.; Wiley& Sons: New York, 2008; Vol.8, Pp. 1309-1338.
62. Jia, F.; Narasimhan, B.; Mallapragada, S. Materials-Based Strategies for Multi-Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Localization. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2014, 111, 209-222.
63. Betancor, L.; Lopez-Gallego, F.; Hidalgo, A.; Fuentes, M.; Podrasky, O.; Kuncova, G.; Guisan, J.M.; Fernandez-Lafuente, R. Advantages of the Pre-immobilization of Enzymes on Porous Supports for Their Entrapment in Sol-Gels. Biomacromolecules, 2005, 6, 1027-1030.
64. Pierre, A.C. The Sol-Gel Encapsulation of Enzymes. Biocatal. Biotransform.. 2004, 22, 145-170.
65. Brady, D.; Jordaan, J. Advances in Enzyme Immobilisation. Biotechnol Letters, 2009, 31, 1639-1650.
66. Campas, M.; Marty, J.L. In: Immobilization of enzymes and cells; Guisan, J.M. Ed.; Humana press Inc: Totowa, New Jersey, 2006; Vol. 22, Pp. 77-85.
67. Gupta, R.; Chaudhury, N.K. Entrapment of Biomolecules in Sol- Gel Matrix for Applications in Biosensors: Problems and Future Prospects. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2007, 22, 2387-2399.
68. Jeronimo, P.C.A; Araujo, A.N.; Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M. Optical Sensors and Biosensors Based on Sol-Gel Films. Talanta, 2007, 72, 13-27.
69. Liu, S.Q; Sun, Y.M. Co-immobilization of Glucose Oxidase and Hexokinase on Silicate Hybrid Sol-gel Membrane for Glucose and ATP Detections. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2007, 22, 905-911.
70. Salinas-Castillo, A.; Pastor, I.; Mallavia, R.; Mateo, C.R. Immobilization of a Trienzymatic System in a Sol-gel Matrix: a New Fluorescent Biosensor for Xanthine. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2008, 24, 1059-1062.
71. Ciriminna, R.; Fidalgo, A.; Pandarus, V.; Beland, F.; Ilharco, L.M.; Pagliaro, M. The Sol-gel Route to Advanced Silica-based Materials and Recent Applications. Chem. Rev., 2013, 113, 6592-6620.
72. Wang, J.Y; Bowie, D.; Zhang, X.; Filipe, C.; Pelton, R.; Brennan, J.D. Morphology and Entrapped Enzyme Performance in Inkjet- Printed Sol-Gel Coatings on Paper. Chem. Mat., 2014, 26, 1941- 1947.
73. Depagne, C.; Roux, C.; Coradin, T. How to Design Cell-based Biosensors Using the Sol-gel Process. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2011, 400, 965-976.
74. Mello, L.D.; Kubota, L.T. Review of the Use of Biosensors as Analytical Tools in the Food and Drink Industries. Food Chem., 2002, 77, 237-256.
75. Hulanicki, A.; Glab, S.; Ingman, F. Chemical Sensors Definitions and Classification. Pure App. Chem., 1991, 63, 1247-1250.
76. Mulchandani, A.; Rogers, K.R. Enzyme and microbial biosensors techniques and protocols. Humana Press: Totowa, New Jersey, 1999.
77. Freire, R.S.; Pessoa, C.A.; Mello, L.D.; Kubota, L.T. Direct Electron Transfer an Approach for Electrochemical Biosensors with Higher Selectivity and Sensitivity. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2003, 14, 230-243.
78. Prodromidis, M.I.; Karayannis, M.I. Enzyme Based Amperometric Biosensors for Food Analysis. Electroanalysis, 2002, 14, 243-261.
79. Alonso, L.M. A.; Dominguez-Renedo, O.; Ferreira-Goncalves, L.; Arcos-Martinez, M.J. Sensitive Enzyme-biosensor Based on Screen-printed Electrodes for Ochratoxin A. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2010, 25, 1333-1337.
80. Dzyadevych, S.V.; Arkhypova, V.N.; Soldatkin, A.P.; El'skaya, A.V.; Martelet, C.; Jaffrezic-Renault, N. Amperometric Enzyme Biosensors: Past, Present and Future. Irbm, 2008, 29, 171-180.
81. Li, Q.S.; Ye, B.C.; Liu, B.X.; Zhong, J.J. Improvement of the Performance of H2O2Oxidation at Low Working Potential by Incorporating TTF-TCNQ into a Platinum Wire Electrode for Glucose Determination. Biosens. Bioelectron., 1999, 14, 327-334.
82. Green, M.J.; Hill, H.A.O. Amperometric Enzyme Electrodes. J. Chem. Society-Faraday Transact. I., 1986, 82, 1237-1243.
83. Cosnier, S. Biomolecule Immobilization on Electrode Surfaces by Entrapment or Attachment to Electrochemically Polymerized Films. Biosens. Bioelectron., 1999, 14, 443-456.
84. Chaubey, A.; Malhotra, B.D. Mediated Biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2002, 17, 441-456.
85. Harper, A.; Anderson, M.R. Electrochemical Glucose Sensors-- developments Using Electrostatic Assembly and Carbon Nanotubes for Biosensor Construction. Sensors, 2010, 10, 8248-8274.
86. Putzbach, W.; Ronkainen, N.J. Immobilization Techniques in the Fabrication of Nanomaterial-based Electrochemical Biosensors: AReview. Sensors, 2013, 13, 4811-40.
87. Pujol, L.; Evrard, D.; Serrano, K.G.; Freyssimer, M.; Cizsak, A.R.; Gros, P. Electrochemical sensors and devices for heavy metals assay in water. Front. Chem., 2014, 2, 1-24.
88. Keusgen, M.; Kloock, J.P.; Knobbe, D.T.; Junger, M.; Krest, I.; Goldbach, M.; Klein, W.; Schoning, M.J. Direct Determination of Cyanides by Potentiometric Biosensors. Sensors Actuat. B-Chem., 2004, 103, 380-385.
89. Ipatov, A.; Ivanov, M.; Makarychev-Mikhailov, S. Determination of Cyanide Using Flow-injection MultisensorSystem. Talanta, 2002, 58, 1071-1076.
90. Krest, I.; Keusgen, M. BiosensoricFlow-through Method for the Determination of Cysteine Sulfoxides. AnalyticaChimicaActa, 2002, 469, 155-164.
91. Yang, Z.P.; Zhang, C.J.; Bai, W.; Zhang, J.X. Potentiometric Glucose Biosensor Basedon Core-shell Fe3O4-enzyme-polypyrrole Nanoparticles. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2014, 51, 268-73.
92. Nguyen-Boisse T.T.; Saulnier, J.; Jaffrezic-Renault, N.; Lagarde, F. Highly Sensitive Conductometric Biosensors for Total lactate, Dand L-lactate Determination in Dairy Products. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem., 2013, 179, 232-239.
93. Saiapina, O.Y.; Pyeshkova, V.M.; Soldatkin, O.O.; Melnik, V.G.; Kurc, B.A.; Walcarius, A.; Dzyadevych, S.V.; Jaffrezic-Renault, N. Conductometric Enzyme Biosensors Based on Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Urea Determination. Mat. Sci. Eng. C., 2011, 31, 1490-1497.
94. Lee, D.; Cui, T.H. Layer-by-layer Self-assembled Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Ion-sensitive Conductometric Glucose Biosensors. IEEE Sens. J., 2009, 9, 449-456.
95. Yabuki, S.; Mizutani, N. Modifications to A Carbon Paste Glucosesensing Enzyme Electrode and A Reduction in the Electrochemical Interference From L-ascorbate. Biosens. Bioelectron., 1995, 10, 353-358.
96. Li, M.; Li, Y.T.; Li, D.W.; Long, Y.T. Recent Developments and Applications of Screen-printed Electrodes in Environmental Assays- A Review. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2012, 734, 31-44.
97. Erden, P.E.; Kilic, E. A Review of Enzymatic Uric Acid Biosensors Based on Amperometric Detection. Talanta, 2013, 107, 312- 323.
98. Kondo, T.; Sakamoto, H.; Kato, T.; Horitani, M.; Shitanda, I.; Itagaki, M.; Yuasa, M. Screen-printed Diamond Electrode: A Disposable Sensitive Electrochemical Electrode. Electrochem. Commun., 2011, 13, 1546-1549.
99. Yang, X.; Xiao, F.B.; Lin, H.W.; Wu, F.; Chen, D.Z.; Wu, Z.Y. A Novel H2O2Biosensor Based on Fe3O4-Au Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated Horseradish Peroxidase and Graphene Sheets-Nafion Film Modified Screen-printed Carbon Electrode. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 109, 750-755.
100. Zhou, Y.G.; Chen, J.J.; Wang, F.B.; Sheng, Z.H.; Xia, X.H. A Facile Approach to the Synthesis of Highly Electroactive Pt Nanoparticles on Graphene as an Anode Catalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 5951-5953.
101. Nethravathi, C.; Rajamathi, M. Chemically Modified Graphene Sheets Produced by the Solvo thermal Reduction of Colloidal Dispersions of Graphite Oxide. Carbon, 2008, 46, 1994-1998.
102. Banerjee, S.; Sarkar, P.; Turner, A.P.F. Amperometric Biosensor Based on Prussian Blue Nanoparticle-modified Screen-printed Electrode for Estimation of Glucose-6-phosphate. Anal. Biochem., 2013, 439, 194-200.
103. Portaccio, M.; Di Tuoro, D.; Arduini, F.; Moscone, D.; Cammarota, M.; Mita, D.G.; Lepore, M. Laccase Biosensor Based on Screenprinted Electrode Modified with Thionine-carbon Black Nanocomposite, for Bisphenol A Detection. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 109, 340-347.
104. Mita, D.G.; Attanasio, A.; Diano, N.; Grano, V.; Bencivenga, U.; Rossi, S.; Canciglia, P.; Mita, L.; Portaccio, M.; Arduini, F.; Amine, A.; Moscone, D. In: The endocrine disruptors; Marino, M.; Gustavo, M.D., Eds.; Transworld research network: Trivandrum- India, 2007, Pp.159-179.
105. Silwana, B.; van der Horst, C.; Iwuoha, E.; Somerset, V. Screenprinted Carbon Electrodes Modified with a Bismuth Film for Stripping Voltammetric Analysis of Platinum Group Metals in Environmental Samples. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 128, 119-127.
106. Erden, P.E.; Zeybek, B.; Pekyardimci, S.; Kilic, E. Amperometric Carbon Paste Enzyme Electrodes with Fe3O4Nanoparticles and 1,4- benzoquinone for Glucose Determination. Artifical Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol., 2013, 41, 165-171.
107. Oliveira, T.M.B.F.; Barroso, M.F.; Morais, S.; Araujo, M.; Freire, C.; de Lima-Neto, P., Correia, A.N.; Oliveira, M.B.P.P.; Delerue- Matos, C. Laccase-Prussian Blue Film-graphene Doped Carbon Paste Modified Electrode for Carbamate Pesticides Quantification. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2013, 47, 292-299.
108. Lu, L.; Huang, X.R.; Qu, Y. Improvement of Carbon Paste-based Enzyme Electrode Using a New Ionic Liquid [Pmim][PF6] as the Binder. J. Solid State Electrochem., 2012, 16, 3299-3305.
109. Comba, F.N.; Rubianes, M.D.; Cabrera, L.; Gutierrez, S.; Herrasti, P.; Rivas, G.A. Highly Sensitive and Selective Glucose Biosensing at Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified with Electrogenerated Magnetite Nanoparticles and Glucose Oxidase. Electroanalysis, 2010, 22, 1566-1572.
110. Sys, M.; Pekec, P.; Kalcher, K.; Vytras, V. Amperometric Enzyme Carbon Paste-Based Biosensor for Quantification of Hydroquinone and Polyphenolic Antioxidant Capacity. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2013, 8, 9030-9040.
111. Erden, P.E.; Kilic, E. A Review of Enzymatic Uric Acid Biosensors Based on Amperometric Detection. Talanta, 2013, 107, 312- 323.
112. Nambiar, S.; Yeow, J.T.W. Conductive Polymer-based Sensors for Biomedical Applications. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2011, 26, 1825- 1832.
113. Ates, M. A Review Study of (Bio)sensor Systems Based on Conducting Polymers. Mat. Sci. Eng. C., 2013, 33, 1853-1859.
114. Luz, R.A.S.; Lost, R.M.; Crespilho, F.N. In: Nanobioelectrochemistry; Crespilho, F.N., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, 2013; Pp. 27-47.
115. Walcarius, A.; Minteer, S.D.; Wang, J.; Lin, Y.H.; Merkoci, A. Nanomaterials for bio-functionalized electrodes: recent trends. J. Mat. Chem. B, 2013, 1, 4878-4908.
116. Brainnia, K.Z.; Kozitsina, A.N.; Glazyrina, Y.A. Hybrid Electrochemical Magnetic Assay for Salmonella Typhimurium Detection. IEEE Sens. J., 2010, 10, 1699-1704.
117. Wu, H.; Liu, G.; Wang, J.; Lin, Y.H. Quantum-dots Based Electrochemical Immunoassay of Interleukin-1 Alpha. Electrochem. Commun., 2007, 9, 1573-1577.
118. Zhang, W.Y.; Asiri, A.M.; Liu, D.L.; Du,D; Lin, Y.H. Nanomaterial- based Biosensors for Environmental and Biological Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agents. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem., 2014, 54, 1-10.
119. Ivanova, E.V.; Sergeeva, V.S.; Oni, J.; Kurzawa, C.; Ryabov, A.D.; Schuhmann, W. Evaluation of Redox Mediators for Amperometric Biosensors: Ru-complex Modified Carbon-paste/enzyme Electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry, 2003, 60, 65-71.
120. Goncales, V.R.; Matsubara, E.Y.; Rosolen, J.M.; de Torresi, S.I. Micro/nanostructured Carbon Composite Modified with a Hybrid Redox Mediator and Enzymes as a Glucose Biosensor. Carbon, 2011, 49, 3039-3047.
121. Shi, W.T.; Lin, N.S.; Song, Y.L.; Liu, C.X.; Zhou, S.; Cai, X.X. A Novel Method to Directionally Stabilize Enzymes together with Redox Mediators by Electrodeposition. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2014, 51, 244-248.
122. Kakhki, S.; Barsan, M.M.; Shams, E.; Brett, C.M. A. New Redox and Conducting Polymer Modified Electrodes for Cholesterol Biosensing. Anal. Methods, 2013, 5, 1199-1204.
123. Kakhki, S.; Barsan, M.M.; Shams, E.; Brett, C.M.A. New Robust Redox and Conducting Polymer Modified Electrodes for Ascorbate Sensing and Glucose Biosensing. Electroanalysis, 2013, 25, 77-84.
124. Jeykumari, D.R.S.; Kumar, S.S.; Naraynan, S.S. Immobilization of Redox Mediators on Functionalized Carbon Nanotube A material for Chemical Sensor Fabrication and Amperometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide. Pramana - J. Phys., 2005, 65, 731-738.
125. Şenel, M.; Cevik, E.; Abasıyanık, M.F. Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Covalent Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase on Ferrocene Containing Polymeric Mediator. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem., 2010, 145, 444-450.
126. Carlsson, G.H.; Nicholls, P.; Svistunenko, D.; Berglund, G.; Hajdu, J. Complexes of Horseradish Peroxidase with Formate, Acetate, and Carbon Monoxide. Biochemistry, 2005, 44, 635-642.
127. Ahammad, A.J.S. Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensors Based on Horseradish Peroxidase and Hemoglobin. J. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2013, 1-11.
128. Fernandez, L.; Ledezma, I.; Borras, C.; Martinez, L.A.; Carrero, H. Horseradish Peroxidase Modified Electrode Based on AFilm of Co-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Modified with Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate for Determination of 2-chlorophenol. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem., 2013, 182, 625-632.
129. Liu, G.Z.; Gooding, J.J. An Interface Comprising Molecular Wires and Poly (ethylene glycol) Spacer Units Self-assembled on Carbon Electrodes for Studies of Protein Electrochemistry. Langmuir, 2006, 22, 7421-7430.
130. Raghu, P.; Madhusudana Reddy, T.; Reddaiah, K.; Jaidev, L.R.; Narasimha, G. A Novel Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Ag-nanoparticles/poly(larginine) Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Toward The Determination of Pyrogallol/hydroquinone. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2013, 52, 377-385.
131. Kermad, A.; Sam, S.; Ghellai, N.; Khaldi, K.; Gabouze, N. Horseradish Peroxidase-modified Porous Silicon for Phenol Monitoring. Mat. Sci. Eng. B, 2013, 178, 1159-1164.
132. Marko-Varga, G.; Cus, Emneus J.; Gorton, L. Development of Enzyme-based Amperometric Sensors for the Determination of Phenolic Compounds. Trac-trends Anal. Chem., 1995, 14, 319-328.
133. Ernst, A.; Makowski, O.; Kowalewska, B.; Miecznikowski, K.; Kulesza, P. J. Hybrid Bioelectrocatalyst for Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction: Immobilization of Enzyme within Organic-inorganic Film of Structured Prussian Blue and PEDOT. Bioelectrochem., 2007, 71, 23-8.
134. Komathi, S; Gopalan, A.I.; Kim, S.K.; Anand, G.S.; Lee, K.P. Fabrication of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized Poly(N-[3- (trimethoxy silyl)propyl]aniline) Gold Nanorods Film Modified Electrode and Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 92, 71-78.
135. Wan, Q.J.; Song, H.T.; Shu, H.; Wang, Z.H.; Zou, J.; Yang, N.J. In Situ Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles for D direct Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase. Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2013, 104, 181-185.
136. Li, M.G.; Xu, S.D.; Tang, M.; Liu, L.; Gao, F.; Wang, Y.L. Direct Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase on Graphene-modified Electrode for Electrocatalytic Reduction towards H2O2. Electrochimica Acta, 2011, 56, 1144-1149.
137. Yang, S.L.; Guo, D.Y.; Su, L.; Yu, P.; Li, D.; Ye, J.S.; Mao, L.Q. A Facile Method for Preparation of Graphene Film Electrodes with Tailor-made Dimensions with Vaseline as the Insulating Binder. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11, 1912-1915.
138. Miao, Y.; Wang, H.; Shao, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, J.; Lin, Y. Layerby- layer Assembled Hybrid Film of Carbon Nanotubes/iron Oxide Nanocrystals for Reagentless Electrochemical Detection of H2O2. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem., 2009, 138, 182-188.
139. Chairam, S.; Buddhalee, P.; Amatatongchai, M. A Novel Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Poly (aniline-co-o-aminobenzoic acid) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode Coated with Chitosan Film. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2013, 8, 10250-10264.
140. Du, Z.F.; Li, C.C.; Li, L.M.; Zhang, M.; Xu, S.J.; Wang, T.H. Simple Fabrication of a Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Using Enzymes Immobilized in Processable Polyaniline Nnanofibers/ chitosan Film. Mat. Sci. Eng. C, 2009, 29, 1794-1797.
141. Villalonga, R.; Diez, P.; Yanez-Sedeno, P.; Pingarron, J.M. Wiring Horseradish Peroxidase on Gold Nanoparticles-based Nanostructured Polymeric Network for the Construction of Mediatorless Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor. Electrochimica Acta, 2011, 56, 4672- 4677.
142. Khan, A.A.; Alzohairy, M.A. Recent Advances and Applications of Immobilized Enzyme Technologies: A Review. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 2010, 5, 565-575.
143. Cao, S.; Chen, J.; Jin, X.; Wu, W.; Zhao, Z. In: Biosensor Nanomaterials; Li, S.; Singh, J.; Banerjee, L.A., Eds.; Wiley-VCH Newyork: Weinheim, 2011; Pp. 95-115.