Impacts of wild fishes attracted to open-cage salmonid farms in Norway

Aquaculture Environment Interactions

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 91-103

  Uglem, Ingebrigt ^a   Karlsen, Ørjan ^b   Sanchez Jerez, Pablo ^c   Sæther, Bjørn Steinar ^d  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH   (Norway)

^b INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE   (Spain)

^d NOFIMA   (Norway)

Author keywords

Aggregation of wild fish; Ecological effects; Fisheries; Salmon farming

Indexed keywords

EID: 84944905492     PISSN: 1869215X     EISSN: 18697534     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/aei00112     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Aas TS, Oehmea M, Sørensen M, Hee G, Lygren I, Åsgårda T (2011) Analysis of pellet degradation of extruded high energy fish feeds with different physical qualities in a pneumatic feeding system. Aquacult Eng 44:25-34
2. Akyol O, Ertosluk O (2010) Fishing near sea-cage farms along the coast of the Turkish Aegean Sea. J Appl Ichthyology 26:11-15
3. Arechavala Lopez P, Uglem I, Sanchez-Jerez P, Fernandez-Jover D, Bayle-Sempere JT, Nilsen R (2010) Movements of grey mullets Liza aurata and Chelon labrosus associated with coastal fish farms in the western Mediterranean Sea. Aquacult Environ Interact 1:127-136
4. Arechavala-Lopez P, Sanchez-Jerez P, Bayle-Sempere JT, Uglem I, Mladineo I (2013) Reared fish, farmed escapees and wild fish stocks-a triangle of pathogen transmission of concern to Mediterranean aquaculture management. Aquacult Environ Interact 3:153-161
5. Arechavala-Lopez P, Izquierdo-Gomez D, Uglem I, Sanchez-Jerez P (2014) Aggregations of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (L.) at Mediterranean coastal fish farms: seasonal presence, daily patterns and influence of farming activity. Environ Biol Fish, doi:10.1007/ s10641-014-0280-5
6. Bacher K, Gordoa A, Sagué O (2012) Spatial and temporal extension of wild fish aggregations at Sparus aurata and Thunnus thynnus farms in the north-western Mediterranean. Aquacult Environ Interact 2:239-252
7. Bjordal Å, Johnstone ADF (1993) Local movements of saithe (Pollachius virens L.) in the vicinity of fish cages. ICES Mar Sci Symp 196:143-146
8. Bjordal Å, Skar AB (1992) Tagging of saithe (Pollachius virens L.) at a Norwegian fish farm: preliminary results on migration. ICES CM 1992/G:35
9. Bjørn PA, Uglem I, Sæther BS, Dale T, Økland F, Nilsen R, Aas K, Tobiassen T (2007) Videreføring av prosjektet 'Behavioural responses in wild coastal cod exposed to salmon farms: possible effects of salmon holding water- a field and experimental study'. Fiskeriforsk Rapp 6/2007, Fiskeriforskning, Tromsø
10. Bogdanovic T, Simat V, Frka-Roic A, Markovic K (2012) Development and application of quality index method scheme in a shelf-life study of wild and fish farm affected bogue (Boops boops, L.). J Food Sci 77:99-106
11. Borch T, Moilanen M, Olsen F (2011) Marine fishing tourism in Norway: structure and economic effects. Økon Fiskeriforsk 21:1-17
12. Boyra A, Sanchez-Jerez A, Tuya F, Espino F, Haroun R (2004) Attraction of wild coastal fishes to Atlantic subtropical cage fish farms, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Environ Biol Fish 70:393-401
13. Bremner HA (1999) Gaping in fish flesh. In: Sato K, Saka-guchi M, Bremner HA (eds) Extracellular matrix of fish and shellfish. Research Signpost, Trivandrum, p 81-94
14. Brooks S, Waldock M (2009) The use of copper as a biocide in marine antifouling paints. In: Hellio C, Yebra D (eds) Advances in marine antifouling coatings and technologies. Woodhead, Cambridge, p 492-521
15. Brown JR, Gowen RJ, McLusky DS (1987) The effect of salmon farming on the benthos of a Scottish sea loch. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 109:39-51
16. Burridge L, Weis JS, Cabello F, Pizarro J, Bostick K (2010) Chemical use in salmon aquaculture: a review of current practices and possible environmental effects. Aqua culture 306:7-23
17. Bustnes JO, Lie E, Herzke D, Dempster T, Bjørn PA, Nygård T, Uglem I (2010) Salmon farms as a source of organohalogenated contaminants in wild fish. Environ Sci Technol 44:8736-8743
18. Bustnes JO, Nygåard T, Dempster T, Ciesielski T, Munro Jenssen B, Bjørn PA, Uglem I (2011) Do salmon farms increase the concentrations of mercury and other elements in wild fish? J Environ Monit 13:1687-1694
19. Bustnes JO, Borgå K, Dempster T, Lie E, Nygård T, Uglem I (2012) Latitudinal distribution of persistent organic pollutants in pelagic and demersal marine fish on the Norwegian coast. Environ Sci Technol 46:7836-7843
20. Carl C, Guenther J, Sunde LM (2011) Larval release and attachment modes of the hydroid Ectopleura larynx on aquaculture nets in Norway. Aquacult Res 42:1056-1060
21. Carss DN (1990) Concentrations of wild and escaped fishes immediately adjacent to fish farms. Aquaculture 90: 29-40
22. Collins RA (1971) Cage culture of catfish in reservoir lakes. Proc Southeast Assoc Game Fish Commiss 24:489-496
23. Damsgård B, Høy E, Uglem I, Hedger RD, Izquierdo-Gomez D, Bjørn PA (2012) Net-biting and escape behaviour in farmed Atlantic cod Gadus morhua: effects of feed stimulants and net traits. Aquacult Environ Interact 3:1-9
24. deBruyn AMH, Trudel M, Eyding N, Harding J, and others (2006) Ecosystemic effects of salmon farming increase mercury contamination in wild fish. Environ Sci Technol 40:3489-3493
25. Demetrio JA, Gomes LC, Latini JD, Agostinho AA (2012) Influence of net cage farming on the diet of associated wild fish in a Neotropical reservoir. Aquaculture 330-333:172-178
26. Dempster T, Sanchez-Jerez P, Bayle-Sempere JT, Giménez-Casalduero F, Valle C (2002) Attraction of wild fish to sea-cage fish farms in the south-western Mediterranean Sea: spatial and short-term variability. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 242:237-252
27. Dempster T, Sanchez-Jerez P, Bayle-Sempere J, Kingsford MJ (2004) Extensive aggregations of wild fish at coastal sea-cage fish farms. Hydrobiologia 525:245-248
28. Dempster T, Uglem I, Sanchez-Jerez P, Fernandez-Jover D, Bayle-Sempere J, Nilsen R, Bjørn PA (2009) Coastal salmon farms attract large and persistent aggregations of wild fish: an ecosystem effect. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 385: 1-14
29. Dempster T, Sanchez-Jerez P, Uglem I, Bjørn PA (2010) Species-specific patterns of aggregation of wild fish around fish farms. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 86:271-275
30. Dempster T, Sanchez-Jerez P, Fernandez-Jover D, Bayle-Sempere J, Nilsen R, Bjørn PA (2011) Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish. PLoS ONE 6:e15646
31. FAO (2010) Aquaculture development. 4. Ecosystem approach to aquaculture. FAO Tech Guide Responsible Fish. No. 5, Suppl 4. FAO, Rome
32. Fernandez-Jover D, Lopez-Jimenez JA, Sanchez-Jerez P, Bayle-Sempere J, Gimenez-Casalduero F, Martinez-Lopez FJ, Dempster T (2007) Changes in body condition and fatty acid composition of wild Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, Steindachner, 1868) associated to sea-cage fish farms. Mar Environ Res 63: 1-18
33. Fernandez-Jover D, Sanchez-Jerez P, Bayle-Sempere J, Valle C, Dempster T (2008) Seasonal patterns and diets of wild fish assemblages associated to Mediterranean coastal fish farms. ICES J Mar Sci 65:1153-1160
34. Fernandez-Jover D, Martinez-Rubio L, Sanchez-Jerez P, Bayle-Sempere JT and others (2011) Waste feed from coastal fish farms: a trophic subsidy with compositional side effects for wild gadoids. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 91: 559-568
35. Fossen I (2012) Effekt av oppdrettsaktivitet på marin villfisk utenfor Nordmøre. Møreforsk Rapp MA12-16, Møreforskning, Molde
36. Freon P, Dagorn L (2000) Review of fish associative behavior: toward a generalization of the meeting point hypothesis. Rev Fish Biol Fish 10:183-207
37. Giannoulaki M, Machias A, Somarakis S, Karakassis I (2005) Wild fish spatial structure in response to presence of fish farms. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 85:1271-1277
38. Goodbrand L, Abrahams MV, Rose GA (2013) Sea cage aquaculture affects distribution of wild fish at large spatial scales. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 70:1289-1295
39. Hansen PK, Pittman K, Ervik A (1990) Recipientpåvirkning fra fiskeopdræt. Affald fra akvakultur-omsætning og miljøpåvirkning. Havforskningsinst Rapportser L.nr. 21/90, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen
40. Hansen PK, Pittman K, Ervik A (1991) Organic waste from marine fish farms-effects on the seabed. In: Makinen T (ed) Marine aquaculture and environment. Nord, Vol 22, p 105-121
41. Hansen LA, Dale T, Uglem I, Aas K, Damsgård B, Bjørn PA (2008) Escape related behaviour of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) in a simulated farm situation. Aquacult Res 40:26-34
42. Heuch PA, Jansen PA, Hansen H, Sterud E, MacKenzie K, Haugen P, Hemmingsen W (2011) Parasite faunas of farmed cod and adjacent wild cod populations in Norway: a comparison. Aquacult Environ Interact 2:1-13
43. Holmer M (2010) Environmental issues of fish farming in offshore waters: perspectives, concerns and research needs. Aquacult Environ Interact 1:57-70
44. Holmer M, Kristensen E (1992) Impact of marine fish cage farming on metabolism and sulfate reduction of underlying sediments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 80:191-201
45. Holmer M, Kristensen E (1996) Seasonality of sulfate reduction and pore water solutes in a marine fish farm sediment: the importance of temperature and sedimentary organic matter. Biogeochemistry 32:15-39
46. Jensen Ø, Dempster T, Thorstad EB, Uglem I, Fredheim A (2010) Escapes of fishes from Norwegian sea-cage aquaculture: causes, consequences and prevention. Aquacult Environ Interact 1:71-83
47. Johansen LH, Jensen I, Mikkelsen H, Bjørn PA, Jansen PA, Bergh Ø (2011) Disease interaction and pathogens exchange between wild and farmed fish populations with special reference to Norway. Aquaculture 315: 167-186
48. Johnston TA, Keir M, Power M (2010) Response of native and naturalized fish to salmonid cage culture farms in northern Lake Huron, Canada. Trans Am Fish Soc 139: 660-670
49. Kiessling A, Espe M, Ruohonen K, Mørkøre T (2004) Texture, gaping and colour of fresh and frozen Atlantic salmon flesh as affected by pre-slaughter iso-eugenol or CO2 anaesthesia. Aquaculture 236:645-657
50. Kingsford MJ (1999) Fish attraction device (FADs) and experimental designs. Sci Mar 63:181-190
51. Kristoffersen S, Tobiassen T, Steinsund V, Olsen RL (2006) Slaughter stress, postmortem muscle pH and rigor development in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Int J Food Sci Technol 41:861-864
52. Krkošek M (2010) Host density thresholds and disease control for fisheries and aquaculture. Aquacult Environ Interact 1:21-32
53. Kutti T, Ervik A, Hansen PK (2007a) Effects of organic effluents from a salmon farm on a fjord system. I. Vertical export and dispersal processes. Aquaculture 262:367-381
54. Kutti T, Hansen PK, Ervik A, Høisæter T, Johannessen P (2007b) Effects of organic effluents from a salmon farm on a fjord system. II. Temporal and spatial patterns in infauna community composition. Aquaculture 262:355-366
55. Kutti T, Ervik A, Høisæter T (2008) Effects of organic effluents from a salmon farm on a fjord system. III. Linking deposition rates of organic matter and benthic productivity. Aquaculture 282:47-53
56. Lanes CFC, Bizuayehu TT, Bolla S, Martins C and others (2012) Biochemical composition and performance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) eggs and larvae obtained from farmed and wild broodstock. Aquaculture 324-325: 267-275
57. Langford KH, Øxnevad S, Schøyen M, Thomas KV (2011) Environmental screening of veterinary medicines used in aquaculture-diflubenzuron and teflubenzuron. NIVA Rapp 6133-2011, NIVA, Kristiansand
58. Machias A, Karakassis I, Giannoulaki M, Papadopoulou KN, Smith CJ, Somarakis S (2005) Response of demersal fish communities to the presence of fish farms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 288:241-250
59. Machias A, Giannoulaki M, Somarakis S, Maravelias CD and others (2006) Fish farming effects on local fisheries landings in oligotrophic seas. Aquaculture 261:809-816
60. Martinsdottir E, Luten JB, Schelvis-Smit R, Hylding G (2003). Developments of QIM-past and future. In: Luten JB, Oehlenschlager J, Olafsdottir G (eds) Quality of fish from catch to consumer. Academic Publishers, Wageningen, p 265-272
61. Maurstad A, Dale T, Bjørn PA (2007) You wouldn't spawn in a septic tank, would you? Hum Ecol 35:601-610
62. Moe H, Gaarder R, Sunde LM, Borthen J, Olafsen K (2005) Rømmingssikker not for torsk. Sintef Fisk Havbruk SFH A 054041 Rapp, Sintef, Trondheim
63. Moe H, Dempster T, Sunde LM, Winther U, Fredheim A (2007) Technological solutions and operational measures to prevent escapes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from sea cages. Aquacult Res 38:91-99
64. Nimmo F, Cappell R, Grant A (2009) Literature review of evidence that fish farming impacts on tourism. Rep 9S6186/R/303306/Edin April 2009, Haskoning, Leith
65. Nimmo F, Cappel R, Huntington T, Grant A (2011) Does fish farming impact on tourism in Scotland? Aquacult Res 42:132-141
66. Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries (2013) www.fiskeridir. no/ english/ statistics/norwegian-aquaculture
67. Oakes CT, Pondella DJ (2009) The value of a net-cage as a fish aggregating device in southern California. J World Aquacult Soc 40:1-21
68. Olsen RE, Skilbrei OT (2010) Feeding preference of recaptured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar following simulated escape from fish pens during autumn. Aquacult Environ Interact 1:167-174
69. Olsen SA, Ervik A, Grahl-Nielsen O (2012) Tracing fish farm waste in the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis (Krøyer, 1838) using lipid biomarkers. Aquacult Environ Interact 2:133-144
70. Otterå H, Skilbrei OT (2014) Possible influence of salmon farming on long-term resident behaviour of wild saithe (Pollachius virens L.). ICES J Mar Sci. doi:10.1093/ icesjms/ fsu096
71. Otterå H, Carlehög M, Karlsen Ø, Akse L, Borthen J, Ellertsen G (2007) Effect of diet and season on quality of farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Lwt-Food Sci Technol 40:1623-1629
72. Otterå H, Karlsen Ø, Slinde E, Olsen RE (2009) Quality of wild-captured saithe (Pollachius virens L.) fed formulated diets for 8 months. Aquacult Res 40:1310-1319
73. Parkinson A (1996) Biotransformation of xenobiotics. In: Klassen CD (ed) Casarett & Doull's toxicology. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, p 113-118
74. Pulkkinen K, Suomalainen LR, Read AF, Ebert D, Rintamäki P, Valtonen ET (2010) Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 277:593-600
75. Randall DJ, Tsui TKN (2002) Ammonia toxicity in fish. Mar Poll Bull 45:17-23
76. Ritz DA, Lewis ME, Shen MA (1989) Response to organic enrichment of infaunal macrobenthic communities under salmonid seacages. Mar Biol 103:211-214
77. Robertson BA, Hutto RL (2006) A framework for understanding ecological traps and an evaluation of existing evidence. Ecology 87:1075-1085
78. Rowe DK, Thorpe JE (1990) Suppression of maturation in male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr by reduction in feeding and growth during spring months. Aquaculture 86:291-313
79. Rowe DK, Thorpe JE, Shanks AM (1991) Role of fat stores in the maturation of male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48:405-413
80. Rustad T (1992) Muscle chemistry and the quality of wild and farmed cod. In: Huss HH, Jacobsen M, Liston J (eds) Quality assurance in the fish industry. Elsevier, London, p 19-27
81. Sæther BS, Løkkeborg S, Humborstad OB, Tobiassen T, Hermansen Ø, Midling KØ (2012) Fangst og mellomlagring av villfisk ved oppdrettsanlegg. NOFIMA Rep 8/2012, NOFIMA, Tromsø
82. Sæther BS, Uglem I, Karlsen O (2013) Interaksjoner mellom havbruk og ville marine organismer-en kunnskapsoppsummering (Interactions between aqua culture and wild marine organisms-a review). Nofima Rep 15/2014, NOFIMA, Tromsø.
83. Salze G, Tocher DR, Roy WJ, Robertson DA (2005) Egg quality determinants in cod (Gadus morhua L.): egg performance and lipids in eggs from farmed and wild broodstock. Aquacult Res 36:1488-1499
84. Samuelsen OB, Lunestad BT, Husevåg B, Hølleland T, Ervik A (1992) Residues of oxolinic acid in wild fauna following medication in fish farms. Dis Aquat Org 12:111-119
85. Samuelsen O, Tjensvoll T, Hannisdal R, Agnalt AL, Lunestad BT (2013) Flubenzuroner i fiskeoppdrett-miljøaspekter og restkonsentrasjoner i behandlet fisk. Rapp Havforsk N2-2013, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen
86. Sanchez-Jerez P, Fernandez-Jover D, Bayle-Sempere J, Valle C, Dempster T, Tuya F, Juanes F (2008) Interactions between bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (L.) and coastal sea-cage farms in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquaculture 282:61-67
87. Sanchez-Jerez P, Fernandez-Jover D, Uglem I, Arechavala P and others (2011) Coastal fish farms as fish aggregation devices (FADs). In: Bortone SA, Pereira Brandini F, Fabi G, Otake S (eds) Artificial reefs in fisheries management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
88. Sanz-Lázaro C, Belando MD, Marín-Guirao L, Navarrete-Mier F, Marín A (2011) Relationship between sedimentation rates and benthic impact on maërl beds derived from fish farming in the Mediterranean. Mar Environ Res 71:22-30
89. Šegvić Bubić T, Grubišić L, Tičina V, Katavić I (2011) Temporal and spatial variability of pelagic wild fish assemblages around Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus farms in the eastern Adriatic Sea. J Fish Biol 78:78-97
90. Serra-Llinares RM, Nilsen R, Uglem I, Arechavala-Lopez P, Bjørn PA, Noble C (2013) Post-escape dispersal of juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua from Norwegian fish farms and their potential for recapture. Aquacult Environ Interact 3:107-116
91. Skog TE, Hylland K, Torstensen BE, Berntssen MHG (2003) Salmon farming affects the fatty acid composition and taste of wild saithe Pollachius virens L. Aquacult Res 34:999-1007
92. Sudirman H, Halide H, Jompa J, Zulfikar, Iswahyudin, McKinnon AD (2009) Wild fish associated with tropical sea cage aquaculture in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Aquaculture 286:233-239
93. Taranger GL, Carrillo M, Schulz RW, Fontaine P and others (2010) Control of puberty in farmed fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 165:483-515
94. Taranger, GL et al. (2013) Risikovurdering norsk fiskeoppdrett (Risk evaluation of Norwegian aquaculture 2013). Fisken Havet 1-2014, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen
95. Tomic O, Forde C, Delahunty C, Næs T (2013) Performance indices in descriptive sensory analysis-a complimentary screening tool for assessor and panel performance. Food Qual Prefer 28:122-133
96. Tuya F, Boyra A, Sanchez-Jerez P, Haroun R (2005) Multivariate analysis of the bentho-demersal ichthyofauna along soft bottoms of the Eastern Atlantic: comparison between unvegetated substrates, seagrass meadows and sandy bottoms beneath sea-cage fish farms. Mar Biol 147: 1229-1237
97. Tuya F, Sanchez-Jerez P, Dempster T, Boyra A, Haroun R (2006) Changes in demersal wild fish aggregations beneath a sea-cage fish farm after the cessation of farming. J Fish Biol 69:682-697
98. Uglem I, Bjørn PA, Dale T, Kerwath S and others (2008) Movements and spatiotemporal distribution of escaped farmed and local wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquacult Res 39:158-170
99. Uglem I, Dempster T, Bjørn PA, Sanchez-Jerez P, Økland F (2009) High connectivity of salmon farms revealed by aggregation, residence and repeated movements of wild fish among farms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 384:251-260
100. Uglem I, Knutsen Ø, Kjesbu OS, Hansen ØJ and others (2012) Extent and ecological importance of escape through spawning in sea cages for Atlantic cod. Aquacult Environ Interact 3:33-49
101. Uglem I, Økland F, Rikardsen AH (2013) Early marine survival and movements of escaped Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. juveniles from a land-based smolt farm during autumn. Aquacult Res 44:1824-1834
102. Vita R, Marín A, Madrid JA, Jiménez-Brinquis B, Cesar A, Marín-Guirao L (2004) Effects of wild fishes on waste exportation from a Mediterranean fish farm. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 277:253-261
103. Vølstad JH, Korsbrekke K, Nedreaas KH, Nilsen M and others (2011) Probability-based surveying using selfsampling to estimate catch and effort in Norway's coastal tourist fishery. ICES J Mar Sci 68:1785-1791
104. Wiber MG, Young S, Wilson L (2012) Impact of aquaculture on commercial fisheries: fishermen's local ecological knowledge. Hum Ecol. doi:10.1007/s10745-011-9450-7