Reared fish, farmed escapees and wild fish stocks - A triangle of pathogen transmission of concern to Mediterranean aquaculture management

Aquaculture Environment Interactions

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 153-161

  Arechavala Lopez, P ^a   Sanchez Jerez, P ^a   Bayle Sempere, J T ^a   Uglem, I ^b   Mladineo, I ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE   (Spain)

^b NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH   (Norway)

^c INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND FISHERIES   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Consumers; Disease; Ecosystem health; Open sea cages; Propagation; Sustainability

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875207361     PISSN: 1869215X     EISSN: 18697534     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/aei00060     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Alvarez-Pellitero P, Sitjà-Bobadilla A (1993) Pathology of Myxosporea in marine fish culture. Dis Aquat Org 17: 229-238
2. Amundrud TL, Murray AG (2009) Modelling sea lice dispersion under varying environmental forcing in a Scottish sea loch. J Fish Dis 32: 27-44
3. Arechavala-Lopez P, Uglem I, Sanchez-Jerez P, Fernandez-Jover D, Bayle-Sempere JT, Nilsen R (2010) Movements of grey mullet Liza aurata and Chelon labrosus associated with coastal fish farms in the western Mediterranean Sea. Aquacult Environ Interact 1: 127-136
4. Arechavala-Lopez P, Sanchez-Jerez P, Bayle-Sempere J, Fernandez-Jover D, Martinez-Rubio L, Lopez-Jimenez JA, Martinez-Lopez FJ (2011a) Direct interaction be -tween wild fish aggregations at fish farms and fisheries activity at fishing grounds: a case study with Boops boops. Aquacult Res 42: 996-1010
5. Arechavala-Lopez P, Uglem I, Fernandez-Jover D, Bayle-Sempere JT, Sanchez-Jerez P (2011b) Immediate postescape behaviour of farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Mediterranean Sea. J Appl Ichthyol 27: 1375-1378
6. Arechavala-Lopez P, Uglem I, Fernandez-Jover D, Bayle-Sempere JT, Sanchez-Jerez P (2012) Post-escape dispersion of farmed sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) and recaptures by local fisheries in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Fish Res 121-122: 126-135
7. Ashley PJ (2007) Fish welfare: current issues in aquaculture. Appl Anim Behav Sci 104: 199-235
8. Athanassopoulou FD, Bouboulis B, Martinsen B (2001) In vitro treatments of deltamethrin against the isopod parasite Anylocra physodes, a pathogen of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 21: 26-29
9. Balebona MC, Andreu MJ, Bordas A, Zorilla I, Moringo M, Borrego JJ (1998) Pathogenicity of Vibrio alginolyticus for cultured gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 4269-4275
10. Bouboulis D, Athanassopoulou F, Tyrpenou A (2004) Experimental treatments with diflubenzuron and deltamethrin of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., infected with the isopod, Ceratothoa oestroides. J Appl Ichthyol 20: 314-317
11. Bondad-Reantaso MG, Subasinghe RP (2008) Meeting the future demand for aquatic food through aquaculture: the role of aquatic animal health. In: Tsukamoto K, Kawamura T, Takeuchi T, Beard TD Jr, Kaiser MJ (eds) Fisheries for global welfare and environment, 5th World Fisheries Congress. Terrapub, Tokyo, p 197-207
12. Breuil G, Pepin JFP, Boscher S, Thiery R (2002) Experimental vertical transmission of nodavirus from broodfish to eggs and larvae of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.). J Fish Dis 25: 697-702
13. Butler JRA (2002) Wild salmonids and sea louse infestations on the west coast of Scotland: sources of infection and implications for the management of marine salmon farms. Pest Manag Sci 58: 595-608
14. Cardia F, Lovatelli A (2007) A review of cage aquaculture: Mediterranean Sea. In: Halwart M, Soto D, Arthur JR (eds) Cage aquaculture - regional reviews and global overview. FAO Fish Tech Pap 498. FAO, Rome, p 156-187
15. Castric J, Thiéry R, Jeffroy J, de Kinkelin P, Raymond JC (2001) Sea bream Sparus aurata, an asymptomatic contagious fish host for nodavirus. Dis Aquat Org 47: 33-38
16. Chapela-Perez R, Ballesteros M (2011) Procedures for site selection, regulatory schemes and EIA procedures in the Mediterranean. In: Borg JA, Crosetti D, Massa F (eds) Site selection and carrying capacity in Mediterranean marine aquaculture: key issues (WGSC-SHoCMed). 35th session, General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), Rome, p 91-136
17. Colorni A, Diamant A (1992) Pathology in mariculture: specific problems and research in Israel. Isr J Aquacult Bamidgeh 44: 140-141
18. Colorni A, Diamant A, Eldar A, Kvitt H, Zlotkin A (2002) Streptococcus iniae infections in Red Sea cage-cultured and wild fishes. Dis Aquat Org 49: 165-170
19. DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) (2000) Aquaplan zoning policy guidelines. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra
20. Diamant A, Banet A, Ucko M, Colorni A, Knibb W, Kvitt H (2000) Mycobacteriosis in wild rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus associated with cage farming in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea. Dis Aquat Org 39: 211-219
21. Diamant A, Colorni A, Ucko M (2004) Gulf of Eilat monitoring and research program - International Expert Committee (IET) recommendations. Monitoring program of mortality and disease in wild fish populations in the Gulf of Eilat, northern Red Sea. IET Recommendation No. 22, Report for the Ministries of Infrastructure, Environment and Agriculture
22. Diamant A, Colorni A, Ucko M (2007) Parasite and disease transfer between cultured and wild coastal marine fish. CIESM Workshop Monogr 32: 49-54
23. Evans JJ, Klesius PH, Gilbert PM, Shoemaker CA and others (2002) Characterization of β-haemolytic group B Streptococcus agalactiae in cultured sea bream, Sparus auratus L., wild mullet, Liza kluzingeri (Day), in Kuwait. J Fish Dis 25: 505-513
24. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2011) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA), 2010. Fisheries Department, FAO, Rome
25. Fernandez-Jover D, Faliex E, Sanchez-Jerez P, Sasal P, Bayle-Sempere JT (2010) Coastal fish farming does not affect the total parasite communities of wild fish in SW Mediterranean. Aquaculture 300: 10-16
26. Ford JS, Myers RA (2008) A global assessment of salmon aquaculture impacts on wild salmonids. PLoS Biol 6: e33
27. Fouz B, Toranzo AE, Milan M, Amaro C (2000) Evidence that water transmits the disease caused by the fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. J Appl Microbiol 88: 531-535
28. Frazer LN (2009) Sea cage aquaculture, sea lice, and declines of wild fish. Conserv Biol 23: 599-607
29. Graham DA (2005) Serological testing of wild salmonids for antibodies to Salmonid Alphaviruses. DIPNET Newsletter 9. Available at www. revista aquatic. com/ DIPNET/ news letters/ index.asp (accessed 1 March 2013)
30. Gustafson LL, Ellis SK, Beattie MJ, Chang BD and others (2007) Hydrographics and the timing of infectious sal -mon anemia outbreaks among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farms in the Quoddy region of Maine, USA and New Brunswick, Canada. Prev Vet Med 78: 35-56
31. Hansen LA, Dale T, Damsgård B, Uglem I, Aas K, Bjørn PA (2008) Escape related behaviour of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) in a simulated farm situation. Aquacult Res 40: 26-34
32. Heuch PA, Mo TA (2001) A model of salmon louse production in Norway: effects of increasing salmon production and public management measures. Dis Aquat Org 45: 145-152
33. Heuch PA, Jansen PA, Hansen H, Sterud E, MacKenzie K, Haugen P, Hemmingsen W (2011) Parasite faunas of farmed cod and adjacent wild cod populations in Norway: a comparison. Aquacult Environ Interact 2: 1-13
34. Horbowy J, Podolska M (2001) Modelling infection of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) by larval Anisakis simplex. ICES J Mar Sci 58: 321-330
35. Jackson D, Drumm A, McEvoy S, Jensen Ø and others (2012) A pan-European evaluation of the extent, causes and cost of escape events from sea-cage fish farming. In: Dempster T (ed) PREVENT ESCAPE Project Compendium. Chapter 2. Commission of the European Communities, 7th Research Framework Programme, p 29-48
36. Jensen Ø, Dempster T, Thorstad EB, Uglem I, Fredheim A (2010) Escapes of fishes from Norwegian sea-cage aquaculture: causes, consequences and prevention. Aquacult Environ Interact 1: 71-83
37. Johansen LH, Jensen I, Mikkelsen H, Bjørn PA, Jansen PA, Bergh Ø (2011) Disease interaction and pathogens exchange between wild and farmed fish populations with special reference to Norway. Aquaculture 315: 167-186
38. Johnsen BO, Jensen AJ (1994) The spread of furunculosis in salmonids in Norwegian rivers. J Fish Biol 45: 47-55
39. Kennedy CR, Fitch DJ (1990) Colonization, larval survival and epidemiology of the nematode Anguillicola crassus, parasitic in the eel, Anguilla anguilla, in Britain. J Fish Biol 36: 117-131
40. Krkošek M (2010) Host density thresholds and disease control for fisheries and aquaculture. Aquacult Environ Interact 1: 21-32
41. Krkošek M, Lewis MA, Volpe JP (2005) Transmission dynamics of parasitic sea lice from farm to wild salmon. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 272: 689-696
42. Kvitt H, Colorni A (2004) Strain variation and geographic endemism in Streptococcus iniae. Dis Aquat Org 61: 67-73
43. Le Breton AD (1999) Mediterranean finfish pathologies: present status and new developments in prophylactic methods. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 19: 250-253
44. Lyngstad TM, Jansen PA, Brun E, Sindre H (2008) Epidemiological investigations of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) outbreaks in Norway 2003-2005. Prev Vet Med 84: 213-227
45. Mardones FO, Perez AM, Carpenter TE (2009) Epidemiologic investigation of the re-emergence of infectious salmon anemia virus in Chile. Dis Aquat Org 84: 105-114
46. Marine Scotland (2010) Management area maps: April 2010. Available at www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/marine/seamanagement/ marineact (accessed 1 March 2013)
47. McVicar AH (2004) Management actions in relation to the controversy about salmon lice infections in fish farms as a hazard to wild salmonid populations. Aquacult Res 35: 751-758
48. Meyer FP (1991) Aquaculture disease and health management. J Anim Sci 69: 4201-4208
49. Mladineo I (2002) A case study of pasteurellosis epizootic and heavy parasite infection in Adriatic. In: Galeotti M (ed) Recent findings on the development of new vaccines against fish pasteurellosis. Book of Abstracts. Conference of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, November 2002, Udine, p 38
50. Mladineo I (2003) Life cycle of Ceratothoa oestroides, a cymothoid isopod parasite from sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and sea bream Sparus aurata. Dis Aquat Org 57: 97-101
51. Mladineo I, Maršić-Lučić J (2007) Host switching of Lamello -discus elegans (Monogenea: Monopisthocotylea) and Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea: Polyopisthocoty -lea) between cage-reared sparids. Vet Res Commun 31: 153-160
52. Mladineo I, Valić D (2002) The mechanisms of infection of the buccal isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Risso, 1836), under experimental conditions. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 22: 304-310
53. Mladineo I, Šegvić T, Grubišić L (2009) Molecular evidence for the lack of transmission of the monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea) and isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Crustacea, Cymothoidae) between wild bogue (Boops boops) and cage-reared sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture 295: 160-167
54. Mladineo I, Perić M, Šegvić T, Dobričić N (2010) Scarcity of parasite assemblages in the Adriatic-reared European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata). Vet Parasitol 174: 131-138
55. Mladineo I, Šegvić T, Petrić M (2011) Do captive conditions favor shedding of parasites in the reared Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)? Parasitol Int 60: 25-33
56. Murray AG (2009) Using simple models to review the application and implications of different approaches used to simulate transmission of pathogens among aquatic animals. Prev Vet Med 88: 167-177
57. Murray AG, Peeler EJ (2005) A framework for understanding the potential for emerging diseases in aquaculture. Prev Vet Med 67: 223-235
58. Murray AG, O'Callaghan M, Jones B (2003) A model of spatially evolving herpesvirus epidemics causing mass mortality in Australian pilchard Sardinops sagax. Dis Aquat Org 54: 1-14
59. Naylor R, Hindar K, Fleming IA, Goldburg R and others (2005) Fugitive salmon: assessing the risks of escaped fish from net-pen aquaculture. BioScience 55: 427-437
60. Noga JE (2000) Fish disease: diagnosis and treatment. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA
61. Nowak BF (2007) Parasitic diseases in marine cage culture an example of experimental evolution of parasites? Int J Parasitol 37: 581-588
62. Øines Ø, Simonsen JH, Knutsen JA, Heuch PA (2006) Host preference of adult Caligus elongatus Nordmann in the laboratory and its implications for Atlantic cod aquaculture. J Fish Dis 29: 167-174
63. Panzarin V, Fusaro F, Monne I, Cappellozza E and others (2012) Molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of betanodavirus in southern Europe. Infect Genet Evol 12: 63-70
64. Papapanagiotou EP, Trilles JP (2001) Cymothoid parasite Ceratothoa parallela inflicts great losses on cultured gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata in Greece. Dis Aquat Org 45: 237-239
65. Peeler E, Thrush M, Paisley L, Rodgers C (2006) An assessment of the risk of spreading the fish parasite Gyrodactylus salaris to uninfected territories in the European Union with the movement of live Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from coastal waters. Aquaculture 258: 187-197
66. Piper RG, McElwain IB, Orme LE, McCraren JP, Fowler LG, Leonard JR (1982) Fish hatchery management. US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC
67. Plarre H, DevoldM, Snow M, Nylund A (2005) Prevalence of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in wild sal mo n -ids in western Norway. Dis Aquat Org 66: 71-79
68. Rae GH (2002) Sea louse control in Scotland, past and present. Pest Manag Sci 58: 515-520
69. Raynard R, Wahli T, Vatsos I, Mortensen S (2007) Review of disease interactions and pathogen exchange between farmed and wild finfish and shellfish in Europe (DIPNET). Available at www. revista aquatic. com/ DIPNET/ docs/ index.asp (accessed 1 March 2013)
70. Redondo MJ, Palenzuela O, Alvarez-Pellitero P (2004) Studies on transmission and life cycle of Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxozoa), an enteric parasite of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Folia Parasitol 51: 188-198
71. Revie C, Dill L, Finstad B, Todd CD (2009) Salmon aquaculture working group report on sea lice. Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue. Available at http: //wwf. world wildlife. org/ site/PageNavigator/SalmonSOIForm (accessed 1 March 2013)
72. Rigos G, Christophilogiannis P, Yiagnisi M, Andriopoulou A, KoutsodimouM, Nengas I, AlexisM(1999) Myxosporean infections in Greek mariculture. Aquacult Int 7: 361-364
73. Rodgers C, Basurco B (eds) (2009) The use of veterinary drugs and vaccines in Mediterranean aquaculture. Options Méditerranéennes, Ser A (Séminaires Méditerranéens) No. 86. CIHEAM, Zaragoza, p 155-176
74. Romalde JL, Magariños B, Lores F, Toranzo AE (1999) Assessment of a magnetic bead-EIA based kit for rapid diagnosis of fish pasteurellosis. J Microbiol Methods 38: 147-154
75. Ruiz GM, Rawlings TK, Dobbs FC, Drake LA, Mullady T, Huq A, Colwell RR (2000) Global spread of microorganisms by ships. Nature 408: 49-50
76. Salama NKG, Murray AG (2011) Farm size as a factor in hydrodynamic transmission of pathogens in aquaculture fish production. Aquacult Environ Interact 2: 61-74
77. Sanchez-Jerez P, Fernandez-Jover D, Uglem I, Arechavala-Lopez P and others (2011) Coastal fish farms and poten-tial effects on fisheries. In: Bortone SA, Pereira Brandini F, Fabi G, Otake S (eds) Artificial reefs for fisheries management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p 187-208
78. Sasal P, Desdevises Y, Durieux E, Lenfant P, Romans P (2004) Parasites in marine protected areas: success and specificity of monogeneans. J Fish Biol 64: 370-379
79. Scottish Executive (2000) Final report of the joint government/ industry working group on ISA. Scottish Executive, Aberdeen
80. Sitja-Bobadilla A, Alvarez-Pellitero P (1993) Population dynamics of Sphaerospora dicentrarchi Sitja-Bobadilla et Alvarez-Pellitero, 1992 and S. testicularis Sitja-Bobadilla et Alvarez-Pellitero, 1990 (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) infections in wild and cultured Mediterranean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Parasitology 106: 39-45
81. Subasinghe RP (2009) Disease control in aquaculture and the responsible use of veterinary drugs and vaccines: the issues, prospects and challenges. In: Rodgers C, Basurco B (eds) The use of veterinary drugs and vaccines in Mediterranean aquaculture. Options Méditerranéennes, Ser A (Séminaires Méditerranéens) No. 86. CIHEAM, Zaragoza, p 5-11
82. Subasinghe RP, McGladdery SE, Hill BJ (2004) Surveillance and zoning for aquatic animal diseases. FAO Fish Tech Pap 451. FAO, Rome
83. Thorstad EB, Fleming IA, McGinnity P, Soto D, Wennevik V, Whoriskey F (2008) Incidence and impacts of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in nature. Nor Inst Nat Res Spec Rep 36: 1-110
84. Toledo-Guedes K, Sanchez-Jerez P, Mora-Vidal J, Girard D, Brito A (2012) Escaped introduced sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) infected by Sphaerospora testicularis (Myxozoa) reach maturity in coastal habitats off Canary Islands. PSZNI: Mar Ecol 33: 26-31
85. Toranzo AE, Magariños B, Romalde JL (2005) A review of the main bacterial fish diseases in mariculture systems. Aquaculture 246: 37-61
86. Ucko M, Colorni A, Kvitt H, Diamant A, Zlotkin A, Knibb WR (2002) Strain variation in Mycobacterium marinum fish isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 5281-5287
87. Uglem I, Bjørn PA, Dale T, Kerwath S and others (2008) Movements and spatiotemporal distribution of escaped farmed and local wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquacult Res 39: 158-170
88. Uglem I, Dempster T, Bjørn PA, Sanchez-Jerez P, Økland F (2009) High connectivity of salmon farms revealed by aggregation, residence and repeated movements of wild fish among farms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 384: 251-260
89. Uglem I, Bjørn PA, Mitamura H, Nilsen R (2010) Spatiotemporal distribution of coastal and oceanic Atlantic cod Gadus morhua sub-groups after escape from a farm. Aquacult Environ Interact 1: 11-19
90. Wootten R (1989) The parasitology of teleosts. In: Roberts RJ (ed) Fish pathology. Baillière Tindall, London, p 242-288