메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 1113-1122

Vitamin E function and requirements in relation to PUFA

Author keywords

PUFA; Recommendations; Requirements; Vitamin E; Tocopherol

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; LINOLEIC ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; ANTIOXIDANT; EDIBLE OIL; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

EID: 84944062810     PISSN: 00071145     EISSN: 14752662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S000711451500272X     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (146)

References (104)
  • 2
    • 84892369020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Vitamin E as a lipid-soluble peroxyl radical scavenger: In vitro and in vivo evidence
    • Niki E (2014) Role of vitamin E as a lipid-soluble peroxyl radical scavenger: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Free Radic Biol Med 66, 3-12.
    • (2014) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.66 , pp. 3-12
    • Niki, E.1
  • 3
    • 84944065453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary Reference Intake for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids
    • Nutrition Board I.o.M.
    • Food and Nutrition Board IoM (2000) Dietary Reference Intake for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
    • (2000) Washington, DC: National Academies Press
  • 4
    • 84944042492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. Frankfurt am Main: DACH DGfE, Österreichische gesellschaft für Ernährung, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung, Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung
    • DACH DGfE, Österreichische gesellschaft für Ernährung, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung, Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung (2000) Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. Frankfurt am Main: DACH DGfE, Österreichische gesellschaft für Ernährung, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung, Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung.
    • (2000) DACH DGfE Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung.
  • 5
    • 84865215720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary surveys indicate vitamin intakes below recommendations are common in representative Western countries
    • Troesch B, Hoeft B, McBurney M, et al. (2012) Dietary surveys indicate vitamin intakes below recommendations are common in representative Western countries. Br J Nutr 108, 692-698.
    • (2012) Br J Nutr , vol.108 , pp. 692-698
    • Troesch, B.1    Hoeft, B.2    McBurney, M.3
  • 6
    • 34249868200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more
    • Traber MG & Atkinson J (2007) Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more. Free Radic Biol Med 43, 4-15.
    • (2007) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.43 , pp. 4-15
    • Traber, M.G.1    Atkinson, J.2
  • 7
    • 80051668513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamins C and E: Beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective
    • Traber MG & Stevens JF (2011) Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radic Biol Med 51, 1000-1013.
    • (2011) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.51 , pp. 1000-1013
    • Traber, M.G.1    Stevens, J.F.2
  • 8
    • 11044230643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E: Underestimated as an antioxidant
    • Pfluger P, Kluth D, Landes N, et al. (2004) Vitamin E: underestimated as an antioxidant. Redox Rep 9, 249-254.
    • (2004) Redox Rep , vol.9 , pp. 249-254
    • Pfluger, P.1    Kluth, D.2    Landes, N.3
  • 9
    • 33846807312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioactivity of Vitamin E
    • Brigelius-Flohe R (2006) Bioactivity of vitamin E. Nutr Res Rev 19, 174-186.
    • (2006) Nutr Res Rev , vol.19 , pp. 174-186
    • Brigelius-Flohe, R.1
  • 10
    • 0027537297 scopus 로고
    • Gammatocopherol detoxification of nitrogen dioxide: Superiority to alpha-Tocopherol
    • Cooney RV, Franke AA, Harwood PJ, et al. (1993) Gammatocopherol detoxification of nitrogen dioxide: superiority to alpha-Tocopherol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 1771-1775.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 1771-1775
    • Cooney, R.V.1    Franke, A.A.2    Harwood, P.J.3
  • 11
    • 0021061959 scopus 로고
    • Relative antioxidant effectiveness of alpha-Tocopherol and gammatocopherol in iron-loaded rats
    • Dillard CJ, Gavino VC & Tappel AL (1983) Relative antioxidant effectiveness of alpha-Tocopherol and gammatocopherol in iron-loaded rats. J Nutr 113, 2266-2273.
    • (1983) J Nutr , vol.113 , pp. 2266-2273
    • Dillard, C.J.1    Gavino, V.C.2    Tappel, A.L.3
  • 12
    • 84899026008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A-Tocopherol transfer protein is not required for the discrimination against ?-Tocopherol in vivo but protects it from side-chain degradation in vitro
    • Grebenstein N, Schumacher M, Graeve L, et al. (2014) a-Tocopherol transfer protein is not required for the discrimination against ?-Tocopherol in vivo but protects it from side-chain degradation in vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 58, 1052-1060.
    • (2014) Mol Nutr Food Res , vol.58 , pp. 1052-1060
    • Grebenstein, N.1    Schumacher, M.2    Graeve, L.3
  • 13
    • 34248198290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of major structural features of tocopherols and tocotrienols on their omegaoxidation by tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase
    • Sontag TJ & Parker RS (2007) Influence of major structural features of tocopherols and tocotrienols on their omegaoxidation by tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase. J Lipid Res 48, 1090-1098.
    • (2007) J Lipid Res , vol.48 , pp. 1090-1098
    • Sontag, T.J.1    Parker, R.S.2
  • 14
    • 14944341755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery, characterization, and significance of the cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of Vitamin E catabolism
    • Parker RS, Sontag TJ, Swanson JE, et al. (2004) Discovery, characterization, and significance of the cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of vitamin E catabolism. Ann NY Acad Sci 1031, 13-21.
    • (2004) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1031 , pp. 13-21
    • Parker, R.S.1    Sontag, T.J.2    Swanson, J.E.3
  • 15
    • 0037067711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of tocopherol catabolism. Novel mechanism of regulation of Vitamin E status
    • Sontag TJ & Parker RS (2002) Cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of tocopherol catabolism. Novel mechanism of regulation of vitamin E status. J Biol Chem 277, 25290-25296.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 25290-25296
    • Sontag, T.J.1    Parker, R.S.2
  • 16
    • 0032933234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of 2,7, 8-Trimethyl-2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman is a major route of elimination of gammatocopherol in humans
    • Swanson JE, Ben RN, Burton GW, et al. (1999) Urinary excretion of 2,7, 8-Trimethyl-2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman is a major route of elimination of gammatocopherol in humans. J Lipid Res 40, 665-671.
    • (1999) J Lipid Res , vol.40 , pp. 665-671
    • Swanson, J.E.1    Ben, R.N.2    Burton, G.W.3
  • 17
    • 0031789259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of Vitamin E forms in tissues and diets by high-performance liquid chromatography using normal-phase diol column
    • Kramer JK, Fouchard RC & Kallury KM (1999) Determination of vitamin E forms in tissues and diets by high-performance liquid chromatography using normal-phase diol column. Methods Enzymol 299, 318-329.
    • (1999) Methods Enzymol , vol.299 , pp. 318-329
    • Kramer, J.K.1    Fouchard, R.C.2    Kallury, K.M.3
  • 18
    • 0029920697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of tissue tocopherols, tocotrienols, ubiquinols, and ubiquinones
    • Podda M, Weber C, Traber MG, et al. (1996) Simultaneous determination of tissue tocopherols, tocotrienols, ubiquinols, and ubiquinones. J Lipid Res 37, 893-901.
    • (1996) J Lipid Res , vol.37 , pp. 893-901
    • Podda, M.1    Weber, C.2    Traber, M.G.3
  • 19
    • 0027948428 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant properties of alpha-Tocopherol and alpha-Tocotrienol
    • Serbinova EA & Packer L (1994) Antioxidant properties of alpha-Tocopherol and alpha-Tocotrienol. Methods Enzymol 234, 354-366.
    • (1994) Methods Enzymol , vol.234 , pp. 354-366
    • Serbinova, E.A.1    Packer, L.2
  • 20
    • 0027525498 scopus 로고
    • Structural and dynamic membrane properties of alpha-Tocopherol and alpha-Tocotrienol: Implication to the molecular mechanism of their antioxidant potency
    • Suzuki YJ, Tsuchiya M, Wassall SR, et al. (1993) Structural and dynamic membrane properties of alpha-Tocopherol and alpha-Tocotrienol: implication to the molecular mechanism of their antioxidant potency. Biochemistry 32, 10692-10699.
    • (1993) Biochemistry , vol.32 , pp. 10692-10699
    • Suzuki, Y.J.1    Tsuchiya, M.2    Wassall, S.R.3
  • 21
    • 0037336266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study on the action of tocopherols and tocotrienols as antioxidant: Chemical and physical effects
    • Yoshida Y, Niki E & Noguchi N (2003) Comparative study on the action of tocopherols and tocotrienols as antioxidant: chemical and physical effects. Chem Phys Lipids 123, 63-75.
    • (2003) Chem Phys Lipids , vol.123 , pp. 63-75
    • Yoshida, Y.1    Niki, E.2    Noguchi, N.3
  • 22
    • 77952386398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro antioxidant activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols and comparison of Vitamin E concentration and lipophilic antioxidant capacity in human plasma
    • Muller L, Theile K & Bohm V (2010) In vitro antioxidant activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols and comparison of vitamin E concentration and lipophilic antioxidant capacity in human plasma. Mol Nutr Food Res 54, 731-742.
    • (2010) Mol Nutr Food Res , vol.54 , pp. 731-742
    • Muller, L.1    Theile, K.2    Bohm, V.3
  • 23
    • 77949787809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocotrienol distribution in foods: Estimation of daily tocotrienol intake of Japanese population
    • Sookwong P, Nakagawa K, Yamaguchi Y, et al. (2010) Tocotrienol distribution in foods: estimation of daily tocotrienol intake of Japanese population. J Agric Food Chem 58, 3350-3355.
    • (2010) J Agric Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 3350-3355
    • Sookwong, P.1    Nakagawa, K.2    Yamaguchi, Y.3
  • 24
    • 0019941886 scopus 로고
    • First proof that Vitamin E is major lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in human blood plasma
    • Burton GW, Joyce A & Ingold KU (1982) First proof that vitamin E is major lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in human blood plasma. Lancet ii, 327.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 327
    • Burton, G.W.1    Joyce, A.2    Ingold, K.U.3
  • 25
    • 0028470598 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E: Molecular and biological function
    • Burton GW (1994) Vitamin E: molecular and biological function. Proc Nutr Soc 53, 251-262.
    • (1994) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.53 , pp. 251-262
    • Burton, G.W.1
  • 26
    • 84867972965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Vitamin E and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage
    • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products NaAN.
    • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products NaAN (2010) Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin E and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage. EFSA J 8, 1816.
    • (2010) EFSA J , vol.8 , pp. 1816
  • 27
    • 0024955813 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E as an in vitro and in vivo antioxidant
    • Burton GW & Ingold KU (1989) Vitamin E as an in vitro and in vivo antioxidant. Ann NY Acad Sci 570, 7-22.
    • (1989) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.570 , pp. 7-22
    • Burton, G.W.1    Ingold, K.U.2
  • 28
    • 84910138890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: Causes and consequences
    • Traber MG (2014) Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: causes and consequences. Adv Nutr 5, 503-514.
    • (2014) Adv Nutr , vol.5 , pp. 503-514
    • Traber, M.G.1
  • 29
    • 0024148497 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E deficiency and neurologic disease
    • Sokol RJ (1988) Vitamin E deficiency and neurologic disease. Annu Rev Nutr 8, 351-373.
    • (1988) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.8 , pp. 351-373
    • Sokol, R.J.1
  • 30
    • 77952347780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary alphatocopherol and neuromuscular health: Search for optimal dose and molecular mechanisms continues
    • Gohil K, Vasu VT & Cross CE (2010) Dietary alphatocopherol and neuromuscular health: search for optimal dose and molecular mechanisms continues! Mol Nutr Food Res 54, 693-709.
    • (2010) Mol Nutr Food Res , vol.54 , pp. 693-709
    • Gohil, K.1    Vasu, V.T.2    Cross, C.E.3
  • 31
    • 84922715293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firsttrimester plasma tocopherols are associated with risk of miscarriage in rural Bangladesh
    • Shamim AA, Schulze K, Merrill RD, et al. (2015) Firsttrimester plasma tocopherols are associated with risk of miscarriage in rural Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr 101, 294-301.
    • (2015) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.101 , pp. 294-301
    • Shamim, A.A.1    Schulze, K.2    Merrill, R.D.3
  • 32
    • 84890978087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-regression analyses, meta-Analyses, and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene, Vitamin A, and Vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: Do we have evidence for lack of harm?
    • Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D & Gluud C (2013) Meta-regression analyses, meta-Analyses, and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: do we have evidence for lack of harm? PLOS ONE 8, e74558.
    • (2013) PLOS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e74558
    • Bjelakovic, G.1    Nikolova, D.2    Gluud, C.3
  • 33
    • 84916223603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E supplementation and mortality in healthy people: A metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Curtis AJ, Bullen M, Piccenna L, et al. (2014) Vitamin E supplementation and mortality in healthy people: a metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 28, 563-573.
    • (2014) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.28 , pp. 563-573
    • Curtis, A.J.1    Bullen, M.2    Piccenna, L.3
  • 34
    • 84905181725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-Analysis: Low-dose intake of Vitamin E combined with other vitamins or minerals may decrease all-cause mortality
    • Jiang S, Pan Z, Li H, et al. (2014) Meta-Analysis: low-dose intake of vitamin E combined with other vitamins or minerals may decrease all-cause mortality. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 60, 194-205.
    • (2014) J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo , vol.60 , pp. 194-205
    • Jiang, S.1    Pan, Z.2    Li, H.3
  • 35
    • 84933670260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation with Vitamin E alone is associated with reduced myocardial infarction: A meta-Analysis
    • Loffredo L, Perri L, Di Castelnuovo A, et al. (2015) Supplementation with vitamin E alone is associated with reduced myocardial infarction: a meta-Analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 25, 354-363.
    • (2015) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis , vol.25 , pp. 354-363
    • Loffredo, L.1    Perri, L.2    Di Castelnuovo, A.3
  • 36
    • 0026025851 scopus 로고
    • Inverse correlation between plasma Vitamin E and mortality from ischemic heart disease in cross-cultural epidemiology
    • Gey KF, Puska P, Jordan P, et al. (1991) Inverse correlation between plasma vitamin E and mortality from ischemic heart disease in cross-cultural epidemiology. Am J Clin Nutr 53, 326s-334s.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr 53, 326s-334s
    • Gey, K.F.1    Puska, P.2    Jordan, P.3
  • 37
    • 0027279233 scopus 로고
    • Prospects for the prevention of free radical disease, regarding cancer and cardiovascular disease
    • Gey KF (1993) Prospects for the prevention of free radical disease, regarding cancer and cardiovascular disease. Br Med Bull 49, 679-699.
    • (1993) Br Med Bull , vol.49 , pp. 679-699
    • Gey, K.F.1
  • 38
    • 16544370861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk: A pooled analysis of 9 cohorts
    • Knekt P, Ritz J, Pereira MA, et al. (2004) Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk: a pooled analysis of 9 cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 80, 1508-1520.
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 1508-1520
    • Knekt, P.1    Ritz, J.2    Pereira, M.A.3
  • 39
    • 84894354827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenge of setting appropriate intake recommendations for Vitamin E: Considerations on status and functionality to define nutrient requirements
    • Peter S, Moser U, Pilz S, et al. (2013) The challenge of setting appropriate intake recommendations for vitamin E: considerations on status and functionality to define nutrient requirements. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 83, 129-136.
    • (2013) Int J Vitam Nutr Res , vol.83 , pp. 129-136
    • Peter, S.1    Moser, U.2    Pilz, S.3
  • 40
    • 77952365867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The location and behavior of alpha-Tocopherol in membranes
    • Atkinson J, Harroun T, Wassall SR, et al. (2010) The location and behavior of alpha-Tocopherol in membranes. Mol Nutr Food Res 54, 641-651.
    • (2010) Mol Nutr Food Res , vol.54 , pp. 641-651
    • Atkinson, J.1    Harroun, T.2    Wassall, S.R.3
  • 41
    • 39149099088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocopherols and tocotrienols in membranes: A critical review
    • Atkinson J, Epand RF & Epand RM (2008) Tocopherols and tocotrienols in membranes: a critical review. Free Radic Biol Med 44, 739-764.
    • (2008) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.44 , pp. 739-764
    • Atkinson, J.1    Epand, R.F.2    Epand, R.M.3
  • 42
    • 84878245048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocopherol activity correlates with its location in a membrane: A new perspective on the antioxidant Vitamin E
    • Marquardt D, Williams JA, Kucerka N, et al. (2013) Tocopherol activity correlates with its location in a membrane: a new perspective on the antioxidant vitamin E. J Am Chem Soc 135, 7523-7533.
    • (2013) J Am Chem Soc , vol.135 , pp. 7523-7533
    • Marquardt, D.1    Williams, J.A.2    Kucerka, N.3
  • 43
    • 33846913968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of age-related changes in the retina in alpha-Tocopherol transfer protein null mice fed a Vitamin E-deficient diet
    • Tanito M, Yoshida Y, Kaidzu S, et al. (2007) Acceleration of age-related changes in the retina in alpha-Tocopherol transfer protein null mice fed a vitamin E-deficient diet. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48, 396-404.
    • (2007) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.48 , pp. 396-404
    • Tanito, M.1    Yoshida, Y.2    Kaidzu, S.3
  • 44
    • 84855552247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E deficiency decreases long-chain PUFA in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
    • Lebold KM, Jump DB, Miller GW, et al. (2011) Vitamin E deficiency decreases long-chain PUFA in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Nutr 141, 2113-2118.
    • (2011) J Nutr , vol.141 , pp. 2113-2118
    • Lebold, K.M.1    Jump, D.B.2    Miller, G.W.3
  • 45
    • 84859850169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed Vitamin E-deficient diets produce embryos with increased morphologic abnormalities and mortality
    • Miller GW, Labut EM, Lebold KM, et al. (2012) Zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed vitamin E-deficient diets produce embryos with increased morphologic abnormalities and mortality. J Nutr Biochem 23, 478-486.
    • (2012) J Nutr Biochem , vol.23 , pp. 478-486
    • Miller, G.W.1    Labut, E.M.2    Lebold, K.M.3
  • 46
    • 84891928900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method shows that Vitamin E deficiency depletes arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
    • Lebold KM, Kirkwood JS, Taylor AW, et al. (2014) Novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method shows that vitamin E deficiency depletes arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Redox Biol 2, 105-113.
    • (2014) Redox Biol , vol.2 , pp. 105-113
    • Lebold, K.M.1    Kirkwood, J.S.2    Taylor, A.W.3
  • 47
    • 84937127857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel function of Vitamin E in regulation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain lysophospholipids discovered using lipidomics
    • Choi J, Leonard SW, Kasper K, et al. (2015) Novel function of vitamin E in regulation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain lysophospholipids discovered using lipidomics. J Lipid Res 56, 1182-1190.
    • (2015) J Lipid Res , vol.56 , pp. 1182-1190
    • Choi, J.1    Leonard, S.W.2    Kasper, K.3
  • 48
    • 84455194883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotion of plasma membrane repair by Vitamin E
    • article number 597
    • Howard AC, McNeil AK & McNeil PL (2011) Promotion of plasma membrane repair by vitamin E. Nat Commun 2, article number 597.
    • (2011) Nat Commun , vol.2
    • Howard, A.C.1    McNeil, A.K.2    McNeil, P.L.3
  • 49
    • 84928943708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antioxidant requirement for plasma membrane repair in skeletal muscle
    • Labazi M, McNeil AK, Kurtz T, et al. (2015) The antioxidant requirement for plasma membrane repair in skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 84, 246-253.
    • (2015) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.84 , pp. 246-253
    • Labazi, M.1    McNeil, A.K.2    Kurtz, T.3
  • 50
    • 79961054708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: Effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events
    • Mozaffarian D & Wu JH (2011) Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol 58, 2047-2067.
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.58 , pp. 2047-2067
    • Mozaffarian, D.1    Wu, J.H.2
  • 51
    • 84861128254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A meta-Analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials
    • Kwak SM, Myung SK, Lee YJ, et al. (2012) Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-Analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 172, 686-694.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med , vol.172 , pp. 686-694
    • Kwak, S.M.1    Myung, S.K.2    Lee, Y.J.3
  • 52
    • 84873667731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega 3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes: Systematic review and metaanalysis
    • Kotwal S, Jun M, Sullivan D, et al. (2012) Omega 3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes: systematic review and metaanalysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 5, 808-818.
    • (2012) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , vol.5 , pp. 808-818
    • Kotwal, S.1    Jun, M.2    Sullivan, D.3
  • 53
    • 84866070612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: A systematic review and meta-Analysis
    • Rizos EC, Ntzani EE, Bika E, et al. (2012) Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. JAMA 308, 1024-1033.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.308 , pp. 1024-1033
    • Rizos, E.C.1    Ntzani, E.E.2    Bika, E.3
  • 54
    • 84861175237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long chain omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review
    • Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J, et al. (2012) Long chain omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 107, Suppl. 2, S201-S213.
    • (2012) Br J Nutr , vol.107 , pp. S201-S213
    • Delgado-Lista, J.1    Perez-Martinez, P.2    Lopez-Miranda, J.3
  • 55
    • 84899108394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Omega-3 fatty acid on major cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: A meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Wen YT, Dai JH & Gao Q (2014) Effects of Omega-3 fatty acid on major cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 24, 470-475.
    • (2014) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis , vol.24 , pp. 470-475
    • Wen, Y.T.1    Dai, J.H.2    Gao, Q.3
  • 56
    • 84902507382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and blood pressure: A meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Miller PE, Van Elswyk M & Alexander DD (2014) Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and blood pressure: a meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Hypertens 27, 885-896.
    • (2014) Am J Hypertens , vol.27 , pp. 885-896
    • Miller, P.E.1    Van Elswyk, M.2    Alexander, D.D.3
  • 57
    • 84921433754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease-An uphill battle
    • von Schacky C (2015) Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease-An uphill battle. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 92, 41-47.
    • (2015) Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids , vol.92 , pp. 41-47
    • Von Schacky, C.1
  • 58
    • 84907960261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very long chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and human health
    • Calder PC (2014) Very long chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and human health. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 116, 1280-1300.
    • (2014) Eur J Lipid Sci Technol , vol.116 , pp. 1280-1300
    • Calder, P.C.1
  • 60
    • 84893906691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary n-3 PUFA and CVD: A review of the evidence
    • Mori TA (2014) Dietary n-3 PUFA and CVD: a review of the evidence. Proc Nutr Soc 73, 57-64.
    • (2014) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.73 , pp. 57-64
    • Mori, T.A.1
  • 62
    • 70349269869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: Summary of evidence from prospective cohort and randomised controlled trials
    • Skeaff CM & Miller J (2009) Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: summary of evidence from prospective cohort and randomised controlled trials. Ann Nutr Metab 55, 173-201.
    • (2009) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.55 , pp. 173-201
    • Skeaff, C.M.1    Miller, J.2
  • 64
    • 84863092194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fifth joint task force of the european society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)
    • European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version.
    • Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, et al. (2012) European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Atherosclerosis 223, 1-68.
    • (2012) Atherosclerosis , vol.223 , pp. 1-68
    • Perk, J.1    De Backer, G.2    Gohlke, H.3
  • 65
    • 85027956925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association
    • Miller M, Stone NJ, Ballantyne C, et al. (2011) Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 123, 2292-2333.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 2292-2333
    • Miller, M.1    Stone, N.J.2    Ballantyne, C.3
  • 66
    • 35748976589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Dietary fatty acids
    • American Dietician Association et a.l.
    • Kris-Etherton PM & Innis S, American Dietician Association et al. (2007) Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: dietary fatty acids. J Am Diet Assoc 107, 1599-1611.
    • (2007) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.107 , pp. 1599-1611
    • Kris-Etherton, P.M.1    Innis, S.2
  • 67
    • 77954879552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol
    • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA).
    • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2010) Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA J 8(3), 1461.
    • (2010) EFSA J , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 1461
  • 68
    • 80052607185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrences after electrical cardioversion: A prospective, randomized study
    • Nodari S, Triggiani M, Campia U, et al. (2011) n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrences after electrical cardioversion: a prospective, randomized study. Circulation 124, 1100-1106.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.124 , pp. 1100-1106
    • Nodari, S.1    Triggiani, M.2    Campia, U.3
  • 69
    • 84857071989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with heart failure
    • Nodari S, Triggiani M, Manerba A, et al. (2011) Effects of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with heart failure. Intern Emerg Med 6, 37-44.
    • (2011) Intern Emerg Med , vol.6 , pp. 37-44
    • Nodari, S.1    Triggiani, M.2    Manerba, A.3
  • 70
    • 79955882606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent effects of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on systolic left ventricular function, endothelial function, and markers of inflammation in chronic heart failure of nonischemic origin: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-Arm study
    • e911-919
    • Moertl D, Hammer A, Steiner S, et al. (2011) Dose-dependent effects of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on systolic left ventricular function, endothelial function, and markers of inflammation in chronic heart failure of nonischemic origin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-Arm study. Am Heart J 161, 915.e911-919.
    • (2011) Am Heart J , vol.161 , pp. 915
    • Moertl, D.1    Hammer, A.2    Steiner, S.3
  • 71
    • 84861170926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune function and a systematic review of their effects on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Miles EA & Calder PC (2012) Influence of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune function and a systematic review of their effects on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Nutr 107, Suppl. 2, S171-S184.
    • (2012) Br J Nutr , vol.107 , pp. S171-S184
    • Miles, E.A.1    Calder, P.C.2
  • 72
    • 34548648141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat intakes for pregnant and lactating women
    • Koletzko B, Cetin I & Brenna JT (2007) Dietary fat intakes for pregnant and lactating women. Br J Nutr 98, 873-877.
    • (2007) Br J Nutr , vol.98 , pp. 873-877
    • Koletzko, B.1    Cetin, I.2    Brenna, J.T.3
  • 73
    • 84857529200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on infants' allergies in first year of life: Randomised controlled trial
    • Palmer DJ, Sullivan T, Gold MS, et al. (2012) Effect of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on infants' allergies in first year of life: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 344, e184.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. e184
    • Palmer, D.J.1    Sullivan, T.2    Gold, M.S.3
  • 74
    • 84867097513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does maternal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in pregnancy influence the bone health of children? the Southampton Women's Survey
    • Harvey N, Dhanwal D, Robinson S, et al. (2012) Does maternal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in pregnancy influence the bone health of children? The Southampton Women's Survey. Osteoporos Int 23, 2359-2367.
    • (2012) Osteoporos Int , vol.23 , pp. 2359-2367
    • Harvey, N.1    Dhanwal, D.2    Robinson, S.3
  • 75
    • 77749291973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated systematic review and meta-Analysis of the effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood
    • Appleton KM, Rogers PJ & Ness AR (2010) Updated systematic review and meta-Analysis of the effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood. Am J Clin Nutr 91, 757-770.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.91 , pp. 757-770
    • Appleton, K.M.1    Rogers, P.J.2    Ness, A.R.3
  • 76
    • 79551626462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer
    • Williams CD, Whitley BM, Hoyo C, et al. (2011) A high ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Nutr Res 31, 1-8.
    • (2011) Nutr Res , vol.31 , pp. 1-8
    • Williams, C.D.1    Whitley, B.M.2    Hoyo, C.3
  • 77
    • 84871246684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Patterson E, Wall R, Fitzgerald GF, et al. (2012) Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Metab 2012, 539426.
    • (2012) J Nutr Metab , vol.2012 , pp. 539426
    • Patterson, E.1    Wall, R.2    Fitzgerald, G.F.3
  • 78
    • 78651113898 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative consideration of the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the diet upon the requirements for Vitamin E
    • Harris PL & Embree ND (1963) Quantitative consideration of the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the diet upon the requirements for vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 13, 385-392.
    • (1963) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.13 , pp. 385-392
    • Harris, P.L.1    Embree, N.D.2
  • 80
    • 0002285357 scopus 로고
    • Effect of degree of fatty acid unsaturation in tocopherol deficiency-induced creatinuria
    • Witting LA & Horwitt MK (1964) Effect of degree of fatty acid unsaturation in tocopherol deficiency-induced creatinuria. J Nutr 82, 19-33.
    • (1964) J Nutr , vol.82 , pp. 19-33
    • Witting, L.A.1    Horwitt, M.K.2
  • 81
    • 84965090750 scopus 로고
    • Effects of limited tocopherol intake in man with relationships to erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid oxidations
    • Horwitt MK, Harvey CC, Duncan GD, et al. (1956) Effects of limited tocopherol intake in man with relationships to erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid oxidations. Am J Clin Nutr 4, 408-419.
    • (1956) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.4 , pp. 408-419
    • Horwitt, M.K.1    Harvey, C.C.2    Duncan, G.D.3
  • 82
    • 0001503581 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E and lipid metabolism in man
    • Horwitt MK (1960) Vitamin E and lipid metabolism in man. Am J Clin Nutr 8, 451-461.
    • (1960) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.8 , pp. 451-461
    • Horwitt, M.K.1
  • 83
    • 0016215589 scopus 로고
    • Status of human requirements for Vitamin E
    • Horwitt MK (1974) Status of human requirements for vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 27, 1182-1193.
    • (1974) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.27 , pp. 1182-1193
    • Horwitt, M.K.1
  • 84
    • 0022979978 scopus 로고
    • Interpretations of requirements for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin-Tryptophan, and Vitamin E plus comments on balance studies and Vitamin B-6
    • Horwitt MK (1986) Interpretations of requirements for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin-Tryptophan, and vitamin E plus comments on balance studies and vitamin B-6. Am J Clin Nutr 44, 973-985.
    • (1986) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 973-985
    • Horwitt, M.K.1
  • 85
    • 0034026974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between Vitamin E requirement and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in man: A review
    • Valk EE & Hornstra G (2000) Relationship between vitamin E requirement and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in man: a review. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 70, 31-42.
    • (2000) Int J Vitam Nutr Res , vol.70 , pp. 31-42
    • Valk, E.E.1    Hornstra, G.2
  • 86
    • 0015576237 scopus 로고
    • Tocopherols and fatty acids in American diets. The recommended allowance for Vitamin E
    • Bieri JG & Evarts RP (1973) Tocopherols and fatty acids in American diets. The recommended allowance for vitamin E. J Am Diet Assoc 62, 147-151.
    • (1973) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.62 , pp. 147-151
    • Bieri, J.G.1    Evarts, R.P.2
  • 87
    • 76549185818 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E status of humans during prolonged feeding of unsaturated fats
    • Dayton S, Hashimoto S, Rosenblum D, et al. (1965) Vitamin E status of humans during prolonged feeding of unsaturated fats. J Lab Clin Med 65, 739-747.
    • (1965) J Lab Clin Med , vol.65 , pp. 739-747
    • Dayton, S.1    Hashimoto, S.2    Rosenblum, D.3
  • 88
    • 84944138188 scopus 로고
    • An E/PUFA ratio of 0.4 maintains normal plasma tocopherol levels in growing children
    • Lewis JS & Alfin-Slater R (1969) An E/PUFA ratio of 0.4 maintains normal plasma tocopherol levels in growing children. Fed Proc 28, 758.
    • (1969) Fed Proc , vol.28 , pp. 758
    • Lewis, J.S.1    Alfin-Slater, R.2
  • 89
    • 0016742564 scopus 로고
    • Dietary levels of Vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids and plasma Vitamin E
    • Witting LA & Lee L (1975) Dietary levels of vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids and plasma vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 28, 571-576.
    • (1975) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.28 , pp. 571-576
    • Witting, L.A.1    Lee, L.2
  • 90
    • 0030921259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation during n-3 fatty acid and Vitamin E supplementation in humans
    • Allard JP, Kurian R, Aghdassi E, et al. (1997) Lipid peroxidation during n-3 fatty acid and vitamin E supplementation in humans. Lipids 32, 535-541.
    • (1997) Lipids , vol.32 , pp. 535-541
    • Allard, J.P.1    Kurian, R.2    Aghdassi, E.3
  • 91
    • 0025201883 scopus 로고
    • Effect of fish-oil and Vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation and whole-blood aggregation in man
    • Brown JE & Wahle KW (1990) Effect of fish-oil and vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation and whole-blood aggregation in man. Clin Chim Acta 193, 147-156.
    • (1990) Clin Chim Acta , vol.193 , pp. 147-156
    • Brown, J.E.1    Wahle, K.W.2
  • 92
    • 0030049284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of interaction of RRR-Alpha-Tocopheryl acetate and fish oil on low-density-lipoprotein oxidation in postmenopausal women with and without hormone-replacement therapy
    • Wander RC, Du SH, Ketchum SO et al. (1996) Effects of interaction of RRR-Alpha-Tocopheryl acetate and fish oil on low-density-lipoprotein oxidation in postmenopausal women with and without hormone-replacement therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 63, 184-193.
    • (1996) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.63 , pp. 184-193
    • Wander, R.C.1    Du, S.H.2    Ketchum, S.O.3
  • 93
    • 0025878180 scopus 로고
    • The effects of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with Vitamin E
    • Haglund O, Luostarinen R, Wallin R, et al. (1991) The effects of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin E. J Nutr 121, 165-169.
    • (1991) J Nutr , vol.121 , pp. 165-169
    • Haglund, O.1    Luostarinen, R.2    Wallin, R.3
  • 94
    • 0027319184 scopus 로고
    • Dietary fish oil-induced changes in the distribution of alpha-Tocopherol, retinol, and beta-carotene in plasma, red blood cells, and platelets: Modulation by Vitamin E
    • Nair PP, Judd JT, Berlin E, et al. (1993) Dietary fish oil-induced changes in the distribution of alpha-Tocopherol, retinol, and beta-carotene in plasma, red blood cells, and platelets: modulation by vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 58, 98-102.
    • (1993) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.58 , pp. 98-102
    • Nair, P.P.1    Judd, J.T.2    Berlin, E.3
  • 95
    • 84886866403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intakes of PUFAs were inversely associated with plasma C-reactive protein 12 years later in a middle-Aged population with Vitamin E intake as an effect modifier
    • Julia C, Touvier M, Meunier N, et al. (2013) Intakes of PUFAs were inversely associated with plasma C-reactive protein 12 years later in a middle-Aged population with vitamin E intake as an effect modifier. J Nutr 143, 1760-1766.
    • (2013) J Nutr , vol.143 , pp. 1760-1766
    • Julia, C.1    Touvier, M.2    Meunier, N.3
  • 96
    • 84938954223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Vitamin E supplementation on serum C-reactive protein level: A meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Saboori S, Shab-Bidar S, Speakman JR, et al. (2015) Effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum C-reactive protein level: a meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 69, 867-873.
    • (2015) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.69 , pp. 867-873
    • Saboori, S.1    Shab-Bidar, S.2    Speakman, J.R.3
  • 97
    • 70349304408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing intakes of the long-chain omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: Effects on platelet functions and redox status in healthy men
    • Guillot N, Caillet E, Laville M, et al. (2009) Increasing intakes of the long-chain omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: effects on platelet functions and redox status in healthy men. FASEB J 23, 2909-2916.
    • (2009) FASEB J , vol.23 , pp. 2909-2916
    • Guillot, N.1    Caillet, E.2    Laville, M.3
  • 98
    • 84939469590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate oral supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid improves platelet function and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients
    • Vericel E, Colas R, Calzada C, et al. (2015) Moderate oral supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid improves platelet function and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. Thromb Haemost 114, 283-296.
    • (2015) Thromb Haemost , vol.114 , pp. 283-296
    • Vericel, E.1    Colas, R.2    Calzada, C.3
  • 99
    • 0028693259 scopus 로고
    • Physiological requirements of Vitamin E as a function of the amount and type of polyunsaturated fatty acid
    • Muggli R (1994) Physiological requirements of vitamin E as a function of the amount and type of polyunsaturated fatty acid. World Rev Nutr Diet 75, 166-168.
    • (1994) World Rev Nutr Diet , vol.75 , pp. 166-168
    • Muggli, R.1
  • 100
    • 68949131024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat intake-A global perspective
    • Elmadfa I & Kornsteiner M (2009) Dietary fat intake-A global perspective. Ann Nutr Metab 54, Suppl. 1, 8-14.
    • (2009) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.54 , pp. 8-14
    • Elmadfa, I.1    Kornsteiner, M.2
  • 101
    • 84899004876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis including 266 countryspecific nutrition surveys
    • Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Shi P, et al. (2014) Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 countryspecific nutrition surveys. BMJ 348, g2272.
    • (2014) BMJ , vol.348 , pp. g2272
    • Micha, R.1    Khatibzadeh, S.2    Shi, P.3
  • 102
    • 0037219515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantity and quality of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and fiber intake in the German EPIC cohorts
    • Linseisen J, Schulze MB, Saadatian-Elahi M, et al. (2003) Quantity and quality of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and fiber intake in the German EPIC cohorts. Ann Nutr Metab 47, 37-46.
    • (2003) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.47 , pp. 37-46
    • Linseisen, J.1    Schulze, M.B.2    Saadatian-Elahi, M.3
  • 103
    • 0016265745 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E-polyunsaturated lipid relationship in diet and tissues
    • Witting LA (1974) Vitamin E-polyunsaturated lipid relationship in diet and tissues. Am J Clin Nutr 27, 952-959.
    • (1974) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.27 , pp. 952-959
    • Witting, L.A.1
  • 104
    • 0015309269 scopus 로고
    • Recommended dietary allowance for Vitamin E
    • Witting LA (1972) Recommended dietary allowance for vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 25, 257-261.
    • (1972) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.25 , pp. 257-261
    • Witting, L.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.