메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2015, Pages

Metformin induces apoptosis and downregulates pyruvate kinase M2 in breast cancer cells only when grown in nutrient-poor conditions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; GLUCOSE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE KINASE; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; METFORMIN; PROTEIN KINASE B; PYRUVATE KINASE; PYRUVATE KINASE M2; RAPAMYCIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; CULTURE MEDIUM; PHARMACEUTICAL VEHICLES AND ADDITIVES;

EID: 84943189015     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136250     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 67650092670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newer agents for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes: Summary of NICE guidance
    • PMID: 19465464
    • Adler AI, Shaw EJ, Stokes T, Ruiz F, Guideline Development Group. Newer agents for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2009; 338: b1668. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1668 PMID: 19465464
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338 , pp. b1668
    • Adler, A.I.1    Shaw, E.J.2    Stokes, T.3    Ruiz, F.4    Development Group, G.5
  • 2
    • 60449089649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: A consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
    • PMID: 18945920
    • Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Ferrannini E, Holman RR, Sherwin R, et al. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32: 193-203. doi: 10.2337/dc08-9025 PMID: 18945920
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 193-203
    • Nathan, D.M.1    Buse, J.B.2    Davidson, M.B.3    Ferrannini, E.4    Holman, R.R.5    Sherwin, R.6
  • 3
    • 0037034257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
    • PMID: 11832527
    • Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 393-403. PMID: 11832527
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 393-403
    • Knowler, W.C.1    Barrett-Connor, E.2    Fowler, S.E.3    Hamman, R.F.4    Lachin, J.M.5    Walker, E.A.6
  • 4
    • 48349116165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin: Effects on micro and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes
    • PMID: 18288595
    • Bailey CJ. Metformin: effects on micro and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008; 22: 215-224. doi: 10.1007/s10557-008-6092-0 PMID: 18288595
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.22 , pp. 215-224
    • Bailey, C.J.1
  • 5
    • 0142247208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: Systematic review and metaanalysis
    • PMID: 14576245
    • Lord JM, Flight IH, Norman RJ. Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and metaanalysis. BMJ. 2003; 327: 951-953. PMID: 14576245
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , pp. 951-953
    • Lord, J.M.1    Flight, I.H.2    Norman, R.J.3
  • 6
    • 84861168776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin in cancer: Translational challenges
    • PMID: 22355097
    • Dowling RJ, Niraula S, Stambolic V, Goodwin PJ. Metformin in cancer: translational challenges. J Mol Endocrinol. 2012; 48: R31-43. doi: 10.1530/JME-12-0007 PMID: 22355097
    • (2012) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.48 , pp. R31-R43
    • Dowling, R.J.1    Niraula, S.2    Stambolic, V.3    Goodwin, P.J.4
  • 7
    • 20444461067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients
    • PMID: 15849206
    • Evans JM, Donnelly LA, Emslie-Smith AM, Alessi DR, Morris AD. Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients. BMJ. 2005; 330: 1304-1305. PMID: 15849206
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 1304-1305
    • Evans, J.M.1    Donnelly, L.A.2    Emslie-Smith, A.M.3    Alessi, D.R.4    Morris, A.D.5
  • 10
    • 12144291275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones, like metformin, inhibit respiratory complex I: A common mechanism contributing to their antidiabetic actions?
    • PMID: 15047621
    • Brunmair B, Staniek K, Gras F, Scharf N, Althaym A, Clara R, et al. Thiazolidinediones, like metformin, inhibit respiratory complex I: a common mechanism contributing to their antidiabetic actions? Diabetes. 2004; 53: 1052-1059. PMID: 15047621
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 1052-1059
    • Brunmair, B.1    Staniek, K.2    Gras, F.3    Scharf, N.4    Althaym, A.5    Clara, R.6
  • 11
    • 0034614420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex i
    • PMID: 10617608
    • El-Mir MY, Nogueira V, Fontaine E, Averet N, Rigoulet M, Leverve X. Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I. J Biol Chem. 2000; 275: 223-228. PMID: 10617608
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 223-228
    • El-Mir, M.Y.1    Nogueira, V.2    Fontaine, E.3    Averet, N.4    Rigoulet, M.5    Leverve, X.6
  • 12
    • 20844451123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMP-activated protein kinase: Ancient energy gauge provides clues to modern understanding of metabolism
    • PMID: 16054041
    • Kahn BB, Alquier T, Carling D, Hardie DG. AMP-activated protein kinase: ancient energy gauge provides clues to modern understanding of metabolism. Cell Metab. 2005; 1: 15-25. PMID: 16054041
    • (2005) Cell Metab , vol.1 , pp. 15-25
    • Kahn, B.B.1    Alquier, T.2    Carling, D.3    Hardie, D.G.4
  • 13
    • 0043127125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheb GTPase is a direct target of TSC2 GAP activity and regulates mTOR signaling
    • PMID: 12869586
    • Inoki K, Li Y, Xu T, Guan KL. Rheb GTPase is a direct target of TSC2 GAP activity and regulates mTOR signaling. Genes Dev. 2003; 17: 1829-1834. PMID: 12869586
    • (2003) Genes Dev , vol.17 , pp. 1829-1834
    • Inoki, K.1    Li, Y.2    Xu, T.3    Guan, K.L.4
  • 14
    • 65349175605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin inhibits breast cancer cell growth, colony formation and induces cell cycle arrest in vitro
    • PMID: 19221498
    • Alimova IN, Liu B, Fan Z, Edgerton SM, Dillon T, Lind SE, et al. Metformin inhibits breast cancer cell growth, colony formation and induces cell cycle arrest in vitro. Cell Cycle. 2009; 8: 909-915. PMID: 19221498
    • (2009) Cell Cycle , vol.8 , pp. 909-915
    • Alimova, I.N.1    Liu, B.2    Fan, Z.3    Edgerton, S.M.4    Dillon, T.5    Lind, S.E.6
  • 15
    • 67650514082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin induces unique biological and molecular responses in triple negative breast cancer cells
    • PMID: 19440038
    • Liu B, Fan Z, Edgerton SM, Deng XS, Alimova IN, Lind SE, et al. Metformin induces unique biological and molecular responses in triple negative breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle. 2009; 8: 2031-2040. PMID: 19440038
    • (2009) Cell Cycle , vol.8 , pp. 2031-2040
    • Liu, B.1    Fan, Z.2    Edgerton, S.M.3    Deng, X.S.4    Alimova, I.N.5    Lind, S.E.6
  • 16
    • 77955770568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin and rapamycin have distinct effects on the AKT pathway and proliferation in breast cancer cells
    • PMID: 20135346
    • Zakikhani M, Blouin MJ, Piura E, Pollak MN. Metformin and rapamycin have distinct effects on the AKT pathway and proliferation in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010; 123: 271-279. doi: 10.1007/s10549-010-0763-9 PMID: 20135346
    • (2010) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.123 , pp. 271-279
    • Zakikhani, M.1    Blouin, M.J.2    Piura, E.3    Pollak, M.N.4
  • 17
    • 79955980904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin induces both caspase-dependent and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells
    • PMID: 21422199
    • Zhuang Y, Miskimins WK. Metformin induces both caspase-dependent and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res. 2011; 9: 603-615. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-10-0343 PMID: 21422199
    • (2011) Mol Cancer Res , vol.9 , pp. 603-615
    • Zhuang, Y.1    Miskimins, W.K.2
  • 19
    • 84891872860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose promotes breast cancer aggression and reduces metformin efficacy
    • PMID: 24107633
    • Wahdan-Alaswad R, Fan Z, Edgerton SM, Liu B, Deng XS, Arnadottir SS, et al. Glucose promotes breast cancer aggression and reduces metformin efficacy. Cell Cycle. 2013; 12: 3759-3769. doi: 10.4161/cc.26641 PMID: 24107633
    • (2013) Cell Cycle , vol.12 , pp. 3759-3769
    • Wahdan-Alaswad, R.1    Fan, Z.2    Edgerton, S.M.3    Liu, B.4    Deng, X.S.5    Arnadottir, S.S.6
  • 20
    • 84897036925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-proliferative effect of metformin in triplenegative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is highly dependent on glucose concentration: Implications for cancer therapy and prevention
    • PMID: 24462945
    • Zordoky BN, Bark D, Soltys CL, Sung MM, Dyck JR. The anti-proliferative effect of metformin in triplenegative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is highly dependent on glucose concentration: implications for cancer therapy and prevention. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014; 1840: 1943-1957. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.023 PMID: 24462945
    • (2014) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1840 , pp. 1943-1957
    • Zordoky, B.N.1    Bark, D.2    Soltys, C.L.3    Sung, M.M.4    Dyck, J.R.5
  • 21
    • 56849118516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt determines replicative senescence and oxidative or oncogenic premature senescence and sensitizes cells to oxidative apoptosis
    • PMID: 19061837
    • Nogueira V, Park Y, Chen CC, Xu PZ, Chen ML, Tonic I, et al. Akt determines replicative senescence and oxidative or oncogenic premature senescence and sensitizes cells to oxidative apoptosis. Cancer Cell. 2008; 14: 458-470. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.11.003 PMID: 19061837
    • (2008) Cancer Cell , vol.14 , pp. 458-470
    • Nogueira, V.1    Park, Y.2    Chen, C.C.3    Xu, P.Z.4    Chen, M.L.5    Tonic, I.6
  • 22
    • 84655175125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More favorable progesterone receptor phenotype of breast cancer in diabetics treated with metformin
    • PMID: 20490716
    • Berstein LM, Boyarkina MP, Tsyrlina EV, Turkevich EA, Semiglazov VF. More favorable progesterone receptor phenotype of breast cancer in diabetics treated with metformin. Med Oncol. 2011; 28: 1260-1263. doi: 10.1007/s12032-010-9572-6 PMID: 20490716
    • (2011) Med Oncol , vol.28 , pp. 1260-1263
    • Berstein, L.M.1    Boyarkina, M.P.2    Tsyrlina, E.V.3    Turkevich, E.A.4    Semiglazov, V.F.5
  • 24
    • 84898740537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presurgical trial of metformin in overweight and obese patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer
    • PMID: 24605899
    • Kalinsky K, Crew KD, Refice S, Xiao T, Wang A, Feldman SM, et al. Presurgical trial of metformin in overweight and obese patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Cancer Invest. 2014; 32: 150-157. doi: 10.3109/07357907.2014.889706 PMID: 24605899
    • (2014) Cancer Invest , vol.32 , pp. 150-157
    • Kalinsky, K.1    Crew, K.D.2    Refice, S.3    Xiao, T.4    Wang, A.5    Feldman, S.M.6
  • 25
    • 77953179074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin blocks migration and invasion of tumour cells by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation through a calcium and protein kinase Calpha-dependent pathway: Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/activator protein-1
    • PMID: 20590612
    • Hwang YP, Jeong HG. Metformin blocks migration and invasion of tumour cells by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation through a calcium and protein kinase Calpha-dependent pathway: phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/activator protein-1. Br J Pharmacol. 2010; 160: 1195-1211. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00762.x PMID: 20590612
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.160 , pp. 1195-1211
    • Hwang, Y.P.1    Jeong, H.G.2
  • 26
    • 36348950449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent translation initiation in breast cancer cells
    • PMID: 18006825
    • Dowling RJ, Zakikhani M, Fantus IG, Pollak M, Sonenberg N. Metformin inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent translation initiation in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2007; 67: 10804-10812. PMID: 18006825
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , pp. 10804-10812
    • Dowling, R.J.1    Zakikhani, M.2    Fantus, I.G.3    Pollak, M.4    Sonenberg, N.5
  • 27
    • 80051607846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidiabetic drug metformin induces apoptosis in human MCF breast cancer via targeting ERK signaling
    • PMID: 21776823
    • Malki A, Youssef A. Antidiabetic drug metformin induces apoptosis in human MCF breast cancer via targeting ERK signaling. Oncol Res. 2011; 19: 275-285. PMID: 21776823
    • (2011) Oncol Res , vol.19 , pp. 275-285
    • Malki, A.1    Youssef, A.2
  • 28
    • 84869761886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in cellular energy metabolism associated with the antiproliferative effects of the ATM inhibitor KU-55933 and with metformin
    • PMID: 23185347
    • Zakikhani M, Bazile M, Hashemi S, Javeshghani S, Avizonis D, St Pierre J, et al. Alterations in cellular energy metabolism associated with the antiproliferative effects of the ATM inhibitor KU-55933 and with metformin. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e49513. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049513 PMID: 23185347
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e49513
    • Zakikhani, M.1    Bazile, M.2    Hashemi, S.3    Javeshghani, S.4    Avizonis, D.5    St Pierre, J.6
  • 29
    • 84907583587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms by which low glucose enhances the cytotoxicity of metformin to cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo
    • PMID: 25254953
    • Zhuang Y, Chan DK, Haugrud AB, Miskimins WK. Mechanisms by which low glucose enhances the cytotoxicity of metformin to cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e108444. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108444 PMID: 25254953
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e108444
    • Zhuang, Y.1    Chan, D.K.2    Haugrud, A.B.3    Miskimins, W.K.4
  • 30
    • 84862908866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin targets Stat3 to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancers
    • PMID: 22189713
    • Deng XS, Wang S, Deng A, Liu B, Edgerton SM, Lind SE, et al. Metformin targets Stat3 to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancers. Cell Cycle. 2012; 11: 367-376. doi: 10.4161/cc.11.2.18813 PMID: 22189713
    • (2012) Cell Cycle , vol.11 , pp. 367-376
    • Deng, X.S.1    Wang, S.2    Deng, A.3    Liu, B.4    Edgerton, S.M.5    Lind, S.E.6
  • 31
    • 84862776933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates gene transcription by acting as a protein kinase
    • PMID: 22306293
    • Gao X, Wang H, Yang JJ, Liu X, Liu ZR. Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates gene transcription by acting as a protein kinase. Mol Cell. 2012; 45: 598-609. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.01.001 PMID: 22306293
    • (2012) Mol Cell , vol.45 , pp. 598-609
    • Gao, X.1    Wang, H.2    Yang, J.J.3    Liu, X.4    Liu, Z.R.5
  • 32
    • 84865798995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin elicits anticancer effects through the sequential modulation of DICER and c-MYC
    • PMID: 22643892
    • Blandino G, Valerio M, Cioce M, Mori F, Casadei L, Pulito C, et al. Metformin elicits anticancer effects through the sequential modulation of DICER and c-MYC. Nat Commun. 2012; 3: 865. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1859 PMID: 22643892
    • (2012) Nat Commun , vol.3 , pp. 865
    • Blandino, G.1    Valerio, M.2    Cioce, M.3    Mori, F.4    Casadei, L.5    Pulito, C.6
  • 33
    • 0019487346 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistological demonstration of the same type of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme (M2-Pk) in tumors of chicken and rat
    • PMID: 6116351
    • Reinacher M, Eigenbrodt E. Immunohistological demonstration of the same type of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme (M2-Pk) in tumors of chicken and rat. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1981; 37: 79-88. PMID: 6116351
    • (1981) Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol , vol.37 , pp. 79-88
    • Reinacher, M.1    Eigenbrodt, E.2
  • 34
    • 0028175496 scopus 로고
    • L- and M2-pyruvate kinase expression in renal cell carcinomas and their metastases
    • PMID: 8180780
    • Brinck U, Eigenbrodt E, Oehmke M, Mazurek S, Fischer G. L- and M2-pyruvate kinase expression in renal cell carcinomas and their metastases. Virchows Arch. 1994; 424: 177-185. PMID: 8180780
    • (1994) Virchows Arch , vol.424 , pp. 177-185
    • Brinck, U.1    Eigenbrodt, E.2    Oehmke, M.3    Mazurek, S.4    Fischer, G.5
  • 35
    • 0032939854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of pyruvate kinase M2 in preneoplastic hepatic foci of N-nitrosomorpholine-treated rats
    • PMID: 10190300
    • Steinberg P, Klingelhoffer A, Schafer A, Wust G, Weisse G, Oesch F, et al. Expression of pyruvate kinase M2 in preneoplastic hepatic foci of N-nitrosomorpholine-treated rats. Virchows Arch. 1999; 434: 213-220. PMID: 10190300
    • (1999) Virchows Arch , vol.434 , pp. 213-220
    • Steinberg, P.1    Klingelhoffer, A.2    Schafer, A.3    Wust, G.4    Weisse, G.5    Oesch, F.6
  • 36
    • 78349269485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human pyruvate kinase M2: A multifunctional protein
    • PMID: 20857498
    • Gupta V, Bamezai RN. Human pyruvate kinase M2: a multifunctional protein. Protein Sci. 2010; 19: 2031-2044. doi: 10.1002/pro.505 PMID: 20857498
    • (2010) Protein Sci , vol.19 , pp. 2031-2044
    • Gupta, V.1    Bamezai, R.N.2
  • 37
    • 84885589840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PKM2 isoform-specific deletion reveals a differential requirement for pyruvate kinase in tumor cells
    • PMID: 24120138
    • Israelsen WJ, Dayton TL, Davidson SM, Fiske BP, Hosios AM, Bellinger G, et al. PKM2 isoform-specific deletion reveals a differential requirement for pyruvate kinase in tumor cells. Cell. 2013; 155: 397-409. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.025 PMID: 24120138
    • (2013) Cell , vol.155 , pp. 397-409
    • Israelsen, W.J.1    Dayton, T.L.2    Davidson, S.M.3    Fiske, B.P.4    Hosios, A.M.5    Bellinger, G.6
  • 38
    • 84856913587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyruvate kinase M2-specific siRNA induces apoptosis and tumor regression
    • PMID: 22271574
    • Goldberg MS, Sharp PA. Pyruvate kinase M2-specific siRNA induces apoptosis and tumor regression. J Exp Med. 2012; 209: 217-224. doi: 10.1084/jem.20111487 PMID: 22271574
    • (2012) J Exp Med , vol.209 , pp. 217-224
    • Goldberg, M.S.1    Sharp, P.A.2
  • 39
    • 83355163333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual inhibition of tumor energy pathway by 2-deoxyglucose and metformin is effective against a broad spectrum of preclinical cancer models
    • PMID: 21992792
    • Cheong JH, Park ES, Liang J, Dennison JB, Tsavachidou D, Nguyen-Charles C, et al. Dual inhibition of tumor energy pathway by 2-deoxyglucose and metformin is effective against a broad spectrum of preclinical cancer models. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011; 10: 2350-2362. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0497 PMID: 21992792
    • (2011) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.10 , pp. 2350-2362
    • Cheong, J.H.1    Park, E.S.2    Liang, J.3    Dennison, J.B.4    Tsavachidou, D.5    Nguyen-Charles, C.6
  • 40
    • 84890353160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct inhibition of hexokinase activity by metformin at least partially impairs glucose metabolism and tumor growth in experimental breast cancer
    • PMID: 24240433
    • Marini C, Salani B, Massollo M, Amaro A, Esposito AI, Orengo AM, et al. Direct inhibition of hexokinase activity by metformin at least partially impairs glucose metabolism and tumor growth in experimental breast cancer. Cell Cycle. 2013; 12: 3490-3499. doi: 10.4161/cc.26461 PMID: 24240433
    • (2013) Cell Cycle , vol.12 , pp. 3490-3499
    • Marini, C.1    Salani, B.2    Massollo, M.3    Amaro, A.4    Esposito, A.I.5    Orengo, A.M.6
  • 41
    • 84904686912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin and phenformin deplete tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolytic intermediates during cell transformation and NTPs in cancer stem cells
    • PMID: 25002509
    • Janzer A, German NJ, Gonzalez-Herrera KN, Asara JM, Haigis MC, Struhl K. Metformin and phenformin deplete tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolytic intermediates during cell transformation and NTPs in cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014; 111: 10574-10579. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1409844111 PMID: 25002509
    • (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.111 , pp. 10574-10579
    • Janzer, A.1    German, N.J.2    Gonzalez-Herrera, K.N.3    Asara, J.M.4    Haigis, M.C.5    Struhl, K.6
  • 42
    • 85006216347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin inhibits gastric cancer via the inhibition of HIF1alpha/PKM2 signaling
    • PMID: 26101707
    • Chen G, Feng W, Zhang S, Bian K, Yang Y, Fang C, et al. Metformin inhibits gastric cancer via the inhibition of HIF1alpha/PKM2 signaling. Am J Cancer Res. 2015; 5: 1423-1434. PMID: 26101707
    • (2015) Am J Cancer Res , vol.5 , pp. 1423-1434
    • Chen, G.1    Feng, W.2    Zhang, S.3    Bian, K.4    Yang, Y.5    Fang, C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.