메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 226, Issue 2, 2015, Pages T123-T140

The hypothalamo-GH axis: The past 60 years

Author keywords

Growth hormone; History; Hypothalamus; Pituitary

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; CORTICOTROPIN; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; ESTROGEN; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GENOMIC DNA; GHRELIN; GROWTH FACTOR; GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HYPOPHYSIS HORMONE; INSULIN; KISSPEPTIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; PROTIRELIN; RELEASING FACTOR; SOMATOMEDIN C; SOMATOSTATIN; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 84942582019     PISSN: 00220795     EISSN: 14796805     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1530/JOE-15-0120     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (57)

References (136)
  • 2
    • 0022632959 scopus 로고
    • The effects of cranial irradiation on growth hormone secretion
    • Ahmed SR, Shalet SM&Beardwell CG 1986 The effects of cranial irradiation on growth hormone secretion. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 75 255-260. (doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10195.x)
    • (1986) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica , vol.75 , pp. 255-260
    • Ahmed, S.R.1    Shalet, S.M.2    Beardwell, C.G.3
  • 3
    • 77956916684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic causes and treatment of isolated growth hormone deficiency - an update. Nature Reviews
    • Alatzoglou KS&Dattani MT 2010 Genetic causes and treatment of isolated growth hormone deficiency - an update. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology 6 562-576. (doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.147)
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.6 , pp. 562-576
    • Alatzoglou, K.S.1    Dattani, M.T.2
  • 4
    • 84901503065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood and adolescence: recent advances
    • Alatzoglou KS, Webb EA, Le Tissier P&Dattani MT 2014 Isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood and adolescence: recent advances. Endocrine Reviews 35 376-432. (doi:10.1210/er.2013-1067)
    • (2014) Endocrine Reviews , vol.35 , pp. 376-432
    • Alatzoglou, K.S.1    Webb, E.A.2    Le Tissier, P.3    Dattani, M.T.4
  • 6
    • 81755185430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine and metabolic activities of ghrelin gene products
    • Baragli A, Lanfranco F, Allasia S, Granata R& Ghigo E 2011 Neuroendocrine and metabolic activities of ghrelin gene products. Peptides 32 2323-2332. (doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2011.10.024)
    • (2011) Peptides , vol.32 , pp. 2323-2332
    • Baragli, A.1    Lanfranco, F.2    Allasia, S.3    Granata, R.4    Ghigo, E.5
  • 8
    • 0015819086 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of growth hormone release from superfused rat pituitary by extracts of hypothalamus and of human lung tumours
    • Beck C, Larkins RG, Martin TJ&Burger HG 1973 Stimulation of growth hormone release from superfused rat pituitary by extracts of hypothalamus and of human lung tumours. Journal of Endocrinology 59 325-333. (doi:10.1677/joe.0.0590325)
    • (1973) Journal of Endocrinology , vol.59 , pp. 325-333
    • Beck, C.1    Larkins, R.G.2    Martin, T.J.3    Burger, H.G.4
  • 11
    • 84879117813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The GH/IGF-1 axis in obesity: pathophysiology and therapeutic considerations. Nature Reviews
    • Berryman DE, Glad CA, List EO&Johannsson G 2013 The GH/IGF-1 axis in obesity: pathophysiology and therapeutic considerations. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology 9 346-356. (doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.64)
    • (2013) Endocrinology , vol.9 , pp. 346-356
    • Berryman, D.E.1    Glad, C.A.2    List, E.O.3    Johannsson, G.4
  • 13
    • 0021348197 scopus 로고
    • Reduced pulsatile growth hormone secretion in children after therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Blatt J, Bercu BB, Gillin JC, Mendelson WB&Poplack DG 1984 Reduced pulsatile growth hormone secretion in children after therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Pediatrics 104 182-186. (doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80989-0)
    • (1984) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.104 , pp. 182-186
    • Blatt, J.1    Bercu, B.B.2    Gillin, J.C.3    Mendelson, W.B.4    Poplack, D.G.5
  • 14
    • 84857053118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of growth hormone therapy
    • Blizzard RM 2012 History of growth hormone therapy. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 79 87-91. (doi:10.1007/s12098-011-0609-4)
    • (2012) Indian Journal of Pediatrics , vol.79 , pp. 87-91
    • Blizzard, R.M.1
  • 15
    • 33947537660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of long-acting somatostatin analogue treatment in diabetic retinopathy
    • Boehm BO 2007 Use of long-acting somatostatin analogue treatment in diabetic retinopathy. Developments in Ophthalmology 39 111-121. (doi:10.1159/000098503)
    • (2007) Developments in Ophthalmology , vol.39 , pp. 111-121
    • Boehm, B.O.1
  • 16
    • 0020559810 scopus 로고
    • Human hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF): evidence for two forms identical to tumor derived GRF-44-NH2 and GRF-40
    • Bohlen P, Brazeau P, Bloch B, Ling N, Gaillard R&Guillemin R 1983 Human hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF): evidence for two forms identical to tumor derived GRF-44-NH2 and GRF-40. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 114 930-936. (doi:10.1016/0006-291X(83)90649-6)
    • (1983) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol.114 , pp. 930-936
    • Bohlen, P.1    Brazeau, P.2    Bloch, B.3    Ling, N.4    Gaillard, R.5    Guillemin, R.6
  • 18
    • 0018899801 scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships of a synthetic pentapeptide that specifically releases growth hormone in vitro
    • Bowers CY, Momany F, Reynolds GA, Chang D, Hong A&Chang K 1980 Structure-activity relationships of a synthetic pentapeptide that specifically releases growth hormone in vitro. Endocrinology 106 663-667. (doi:10.1210/endo-106-3-663)
    • (1980) Endocrinology , vol.106 , pp. 663-667
    • Bowers, C.Y.1    Momany, F.2    Reynolds, G.A.3    Chang, D.4    Hong, A.5    Chang, K.6
  • 20
    • 0015914428 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone
    • Brazeau P, Vale W, Burgus R, Ling N, Butcher M, Rivier J&Guillemin R 1973 Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. Science 179 77-79. (doi:10.1126/science.179.4068.77)
    • (1973) Science , vol.179 , pp. 77-79
    • Brazeau, P.1    Vale, W.2    Burgus, R.3    Ling, N.4    Butcher, M.5    Rivier, J.6    Guillemin, R.7
  • 22
    • 84905263431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments in human growth hormone preparations: sustained-release, prolonged half-life, novel injection devices, and alternative delivery routes
    • Cai Y, Xu M, Yuan M, Liu Z&Yuan W 2014 Developments in human growth hormone preparations: sustained-release, prolonged half-life, novel injection devices, and alternative delivery routes. International Journal of Nanomedicine 9 3527-3538. (doi:10.2147/IJN.S63507)
    • (2014) International Journal of Nanomedicine , vol.9 , pp. 3527-3538
    • Cai, Y.1    Xu, M.2    Yuan, M.3    Liu, Z.4    Yuan, W.5
  • 23
    • 0031893129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone-releasing peptides and their analogs
    • Camanni F, Ghigo E&Arvat E 1998 Growth hormone-releasing peptides and their analogs. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 19 47-72. (doi:10.1006/frne.1997.0158)
    • (1998) Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology , vol.19 , pp. 47-72
    • Camanni, F.1    Ghigo, E.2    Arvat, E.3
  • 26
    • 0026048419 scopus 로고
    • Functional antagonism between endogenous mouse growth hormone (GH) and a GH analog results in dwarf transgenic mice
    • Chen WY, White ME, Wagner TE&Kopchick JJ 1991 Functional antagonism between endogenous mouse growth hormone (GH) and a GH analog results in dwarf transgenic mice. Endocrinology 129 1402-1408. (doi:10.1210/endo-129-3-1402)
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.129 , pp. 1402-1408
    • Chen, W.Y.1    White, M.E.2    Wagner, T.E.3    Kopchick, J.J.4
  • 30
  • 31
    • 79952290754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid suppression of growth hormone concentration by overeating: potential mediation by hyperinsulinemia
    • Cornford AS, Barkan AL&Horowitz JF 2011 Rapid suppression of growth hormone concentration by overeating: potential mediation by hyperinsulinemia. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 96 824-830. (doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1895)
    • (2011) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.96 , pp. 824-830
    • Cornford, A.S.1    Barkan, A.L.2    Horowitz, J.F.3
  • 32
    • 84869181627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression in growth hormone during overeating ameliorates the increase in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk
    • Cornford AS, Barkan AL, Hinko A&Horowitz JF 2012 Suppression in growth hormone during overeating ameliorates the increase in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 303 E1264-E1272. (doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00320.2012)
    • (2012) American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.303 , pp. E1264-E1272
    • Cornford, A.S.1    Barkan, A.L.2    Hinko, A.3    Horowitz, J.F.4
  • 33
    • 0034455827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice
    • Coschigano KT, Clemmons D, Bellush LL&Kopchick JJ 2000 Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice. Endocrinology 141 2608-2613. (doi:10.1210/endo.141.7.7586)
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 2608-2613
    • Coschigano, K.T.1    Clemmons, D.2    Bellush, L.L.3    Kopchick, J.J.4
  • 34
    • 0030656605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioneering recombinant growth hormone manufacturing: pounds produced per mile of height
    • CroninMJ 1997 Pioneering recombinant growth hormone manufacturing: pounds produced per mile of height. Journal of Pediatrics 131 S5-S7. (doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70002-7)
    • (1997) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.131 , pp. S5-S7
    • Cronin, M.J.1
  • 36
    • 0013146209 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of pituitary growth hormone release by a hypothalamic extract in vitro
    • Deuben RR&Meites J 1964 Stimulation of pituitary growth hormone release by a hypothalamic extract in vitro. Endocrinology 74 408-414. (doi:10.1210/endo-74-3-408)
    • (1964) Endocrinology , vol.74 , pp. 408-414
    • Deuben, R.R.1    Meites, J.2
  • 37
    • 0001854965 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the anterior lobe administered intraperitoneally upon growth maturation, and oestrus cycles of the rat
    • Evans HM&Long JA 1921 The effect of the anterior lobe administered intraperitoneally upon growth maturation, and oestrus cycles of the rat. Anatomical Record 21 62-63.
    • (1921) Anatomical Record , vol.21 , pp. 62-63
    • Evans, H.M.1    Long, J.A.2
  • 38
    • 0035811073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production
    • Flurkey K, Papaconstantinou J, Miller RA&Harrison DE 2001 Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production. PNAS 98 6736-6741. (doi:10.1073/pnas.111158898)
    • (2001) PNAS , vol.98 , pp. 6736-6741
    • Flurkey, K.1    Papaconstantinou, J.2    Miller, R.A.3    Harrison, D.E.4
  • 39
    • 0013818657 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen and sex difference on secretion of human growth hormone
    • Frantz AG&Rabkin MT 1965 Effects of estrogen and sex difference on secretion of human growth hormone. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 25 1470-1480. (doi:10.1210/jcem-25-11-1470)
    • (1965) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.25 , pp. 1470-1480
    • Frantz, A.G.1    Rabkin, M.T.2
  • 42
    • 0035217643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of GH output and their synchrony with short-term height increments influence stature and growth performance in normal children
    • Gill MS, Tillmann V, Veldhuis JD&Clayton PE 2001 Patterns of GH output and their synchrony with short-term height increments influence stature and growth performance in normal children. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 5860-5863. (doi:10.1210/jcem.86.12.8116)
    • (2001) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.86 , pp. 5860-5863
    • Gill, M.S.1    Tillmann, V.2    Veldhuis, J.D.3    Clayton, P.E.4
  • 43
    • 0032239547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human
    • Giustina A&Veldhuis JD 1998 Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocrine Reviews 19 717-797. (doi:10.1210/edrv.19.6.0353)
    • (1998) Endocrine Reviews , vol.19 , pp. 717-797
    • Giustina, A.1    Veldhuis, J.D.2
  • 44
    • 0001459458 scopus 로고
    • Immunoassay of human growth hormone in plasma
    • Glick SM, Roth J, Yalow RS&Berson SA 1963 Immunoassay of human growth hormone in plasma. Nature 199 784-787. (doi:10.1038/199784a0)
    • (1963) Nature , vol.199 , pp. 784-787
    • Glick, S.M.1    Roth, J.2    Yalow, R.S.3    Berson, S.A.4
  • 45
    • 0019160750 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of a cloned structural gene coding for a precursor of pancreatic somatostatin
    • Goodman RH, Jacobs JW, Chin WW, Lund PK, Dee PC&Habener JF 1980 Nucleotide sequence of a cloned structural gene coding for a precursor of pancreatic somatostatin. PNAS 77 5869-5873. (doi:10.1073/pnas.77.10.5869)
    • (1980) PNAS , vol.77 , pp. 5869-5873
    • Goodman, R.H.1    Jacobs, J.W.2    Chin, W.W.3    Lund, P.K.4    Dee, P.C.5    Habener, J.F.6
  • 47
    • 0019936875 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly
    • Guillemin R, Brazeau P, Bohlen P, Esch F, Ling N & Wehrenberg WB 1982 Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly. Science 218 585-587. (doi:10.1126/science.6812220)
    • (1982) Science , vol.218 , pp. 585-587
    • Guillemin, R.1    Brazeau, P.2    Bohlen, P.3    Esch, F.4    Ling, N.5    Wehrenberg, W.B.6
  • 48
    • 0343923421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hormone replacement therapy on growth hormone stimulation in women with premature ovarian failure
    • Hartmann BW, Kirchengast S, Albrecht A, Huber JC&Soregi G 1997 Effect of hormone replacement therapy on growth hormone stimulation in women with premature ovarian failure. Fertility and Sterility 68 103-107. (doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81483-5)
    • (1997) Fertility and Sterility , vol.68 , pp. 103-107
    • Hartmann, B.W.1    Kirchengast, S.2    Albrecht, A.3    Huber, J.C.4    Soregi, G.5
  • 49
    • 53949088064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone excess and the development of growth hormone receptor antagonists
    • Higham CE&Trainer PJ 2008 Growth hormone excess and the development of growth hormone receptor antagonists. Experimental Physiology 93 1157-1169. (doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2008.042515)
    • (2008) Experimental Physiology , vol.93 , pp. 1157-1169
    • Higham, C.E.1    Trainer, P.J.2
  • 50
    • 0030818724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peak and trough growth hormone concentrations have different associations with the insulin-like growth factor axis, body composition, and metabolic parameters
    • Hindmarsh PC, Fall CH, Pringle PJ, Osmond C&Brook CG 1997 Peak and trough growth hormone concentrations have different associations with the insulin-like growth factor axis, body composition, and metabolic parameters. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82 2172-2176. (doi:10.1210/jcem.82.7.4036)
    • (1997) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.82 , pp. 2172-2176
    • Hindmarsh, P.C.1    Fall, C.H.2    Pringle, P.J.3    Osmond, C.4    Brook, C.G.5
  • 51
    • 0001166429 scopus 로고
    • The hypophysis and metabolism
    • Houssay BA 1936 The hypophysis and metabolism. New England Journal of Medicine 214 961-985. (doi:10.1056/NEJM193605142142001)
    • (1936) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.214 , pp. 961-985
    • Houssay, B.A.1
  • 53
    • 75149186448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre- versus postmenopausal age, estradiol, and peptide-secretagogue type determine pulsatile growth hormone secretion in healthy women: studies using submaximal agonist drive and an estrogen clamp
    • Hudson SB, Schroeder DR, Bailey JN, Mielke KL, Erickson D, Miles JM, Bowers CY&Veldhuis JD 2010 Pre- versus postmenopausal age, estradiol, and peptide-secretagogue type determine pulsatile growth hormone secretion in healthy women: studies using submaximal agonist drive and an estrogen clamp. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 95 353-360. (doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1769)
    • (2010) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.95 , pp. 353-360
    • Hudson, S.B.1    Schroeder, D.R.2    Bailey, J.N.3    Mielke, K.L.4    Erickson, D.5    Miles, J.M.6    Bowers, C.Y.7    Veldhuis, J.D.8
  • 54
    • 0016701344 scopus 로고
    • Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity
    • Hughes J, Smith TW, Kosterlitz HW, Fothergill LA, Morgan BA&Morris HR 1975 Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity. Nature 258 577-580. (doi:10.1038/258577a0)
    • (1975) Nature , vol.258 , pp. 577-580
    • Hughes, J.1    Smith, T.W.2    Kosterlitz, H.W.3    Fothergill, L.A.4    Morgan, B.A.5    Morris, H.R.6
  • 56
    • 0025787687 scopus 로고
    • Age and relative adiposity are specific negative determinants of the frequency and amplitude of growth hormone (GH) secretory bursts and the half-life of endogenous GH in healthy men
    • Iranmanesh A, Lizarralde G&Veldhuis JD 1991 Age and relative adiposity are specific negative determinants of the frequency and amplitude of growth hormone (GH) secretory bursts and the half-life of endogenous GH in healthy men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 73 1081-1088. (doi:10.1210/jcem-73-5-1081)
    • (1991) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.73 , pp. 1081-1088
    • Iranmanesh, A.1    Lizarralde, G.2    Veldhuis, J.D.3
  • 57
    • 57349198332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dimethyl-b-cyclodextrin concentrations on the pulmonary delivery of recombinant human growth hormone dry powder in rats
    • Jalalipour M, Najafabadi AR, Gilani K, Esmaily H&Tajerzadeh H 2008 Effect of dimethyl-b-cyclodextrin concentrations on the pulmonary delivery of recombinant human growth hormone dry powder in rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 97 5176-5185. (doi:10.1002/jps.21353)
    • (2008) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.97 , pp. 5176-5185
    • Jalalipour, M.1    Najafabadi, A.R.2    Gilani, K.3    Esmaily, H.4    Tajerzadeh, H.5
  • 59
    • 80053408094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acids, obesity, and insulin resistance: time for a reevaluation
    • Karpe F, Dickmann JR&Frayn KN 2011 Fatty acids, obesity, and insulin resistance: time for a reevaluation. Diabetes 60 2441-2449. (doi:10.2337/db11-0425)
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , pp. 2441-2449
    • Karpe, F.1    Dickmann, J.R.2    Frayn, K.N.3
  • 62
    • 0026780758 scopus 로고
    • The impact of gonadal steroid hormone action on growth hormone secretion during childhood and adolescence
    • Kerrigan JR&Rogol AD 1992 The impact of gonadal steroid hormone action on growth hormone secretion during childhood and adolescence. Endocrine Reviews 13 281-298. (doi:10.1210/edrv-13-2-281)
    • (1992) Endocrine Reviews , vol.13 , pp. 281-298
    • Kerrigan, J.R.1    Rogol, A.D.2
  • 64
    • 84922230023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioprotective effects of ghrelin in heart failure: from gut to heart
    • Khatib MN, Simkhada P&Gode D 2014 Cardioprotective effects of ghrelin in heart failure: from gut to heart. Heart Views 15 74-76. (doi:10.4103/1995-705X.144792)
    • (2014) Heart Views , vol.15 , pp. 74-76
    • Khatib, M.N.1    Simkhada, P.2    Gode, D.3
  • 65
    • 0022363507 scopus 로고
    • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a young adult with idiopathic hypopituitarism. Possible relation to the administration of cadaveric human growth hormone
    • Koch TK, Berg BO, De Armond SJ&Gravina RF 1985 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a young adult with idiopathic hypopituitarism. Possible relation to the administration of cadaveric human growth hormone. New England Journal of Medicine 313 731-733. (doi:10.1056/NEJM198509193131206)
    • (1985) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.313 , pp. 731-733
    • Koch, T.K.1    Berg, B.O.2    De Armond, S.J.3    Gravina, R.F.4
  • 67
    • 0033540056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
    • Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H&Kangawa K 1999 Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 402 656-660. (doi:10.1038/45230)
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 656-660
    • Kojima, M.1    Hosoda, H.2    Date, Y.3    Nakazato, M.4    Matsuo, H.5    Kangawa, K.6
  • 68
    • 0036800303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone receptor antagonists: discovery, development, and use in patients with acromegaly
    • Kopchick JJ, Parkinson C, Stevens EC&Trainer PJ 2002 Growth hormone receptor antagonists: discovery, development, and use in patients with acromegaly. Endocrine Reviews 23 623-646. (doi:10.1210/er.2001-0022)
    • (2002) Endocrine Reviews , vol.23 , pp. 623-646
    • Kopchick, J.J.1    Parkinson, C.2    Stevens, E.C.3    Trainer, P.J.4
  • 69
  • 70
    • 0034465474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant growth hormone (GH) deficiency type II: the Del32-71-GH deletion mutant suppresses secretion of wild-type GH
    • Lee MS, Wajnrajch MP, Kim SS, Plotnick LP, Wang J, Gertner JM, Leibel RL & Dannies PS 2000 Autosomal dominant growth hormone (GH) deficiency type II: the Del32-71-GH deletion mutant suppresses secretion of wild-type GH. Endocrinology 141 883-890. (doi:10.1210/endo.141.3.7380)
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 883-890
    • Lee, M.S.1    Wajnrajch, M.P.2    Kim, S.S.3    Plotnick, L.P.4    Wang, J.5    Gertner, J.M.6    Leibel, R.L.7    Dannies, P.S.8
  • 71
    • 2942528459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin
    • van der Lely AJ, Tschop M, Heiman ML&Ghigo E 2004 Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin. Endocrine Reviews 25 426-457. (doi:10.1210/er.2002-0029)
    • (2004) Endocrine Reviews , vol.25 , pp. 426-457
    • van der Lely, A.J.1    Tschop, M.2    Heiman, M.L.3    Ghigo, E.4
  • 72
    • 0037417804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen inhibits GH signaling by suppressing GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect mediated by SOCS-2
    • Leung KC, Doyle N, Ballesteros M, Sjogren K, Watts CK, Low TH, Leong GM, Ross RJ&Ho KK 2003 Estrogen inhibits GH signaling by suppressing GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect mediated by SOCS-2. PNAS 100 1016-1021. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0337600100)
    • (2003) PNAS , vol.100 , pp. 1016-1021
    • Leung, K.C.1    Doyle, N.2    Ballesteros, M.3    Sjogren, K.4    Watts, C.K.5    Low, T.H.6    Leong, G.M.7    Ross, R.J.8    Ho, K.K.9
  • 73
    • 0025014024 scopus 로고
    • Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1
    • Li S, Crenshaw EB III, Rawson EJ, Simmons DM, Swanson LW & Rosenfeld MG 1990 Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1. Nature 347 528-533. (doi:10.1038/347528a0)
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 528-533
    • Li, S.1    Crenshaw, E.B.2    Rawson, E.J.3    Simmons, D.M.4    Swanson, L.W.5    Rosenfeld, M.G.6
  • 74
    • 0027236844 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of the little mouse phenotype and implications for cell type-specific growth
    • Lin SC, Lin CR, Gukovsky I, Lusis AJ, Sawchenko PE&Rosenfeld MG 1993 Molecular basis of the little mouse phenotype and implications for cell type-specific growth. Nature 364 208-213. (doi:10.1038/364208a0)
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 208-213
    • Lin, S.C.1    Lin, C.R.2    Gukovsky, I.3    Lusis, A.J.4    Sawchenko, P.E.5    Rosenfeld, M.G.6
  • 75
    • 0344650195 scopus 로고
    • Isolation, primary structure, and synthesis of human hypothalamic somatocrinin: growth hormone-releasing factor
    • Ling N, Esch F, Bohlen P, Brazeau P, Wehrenberg WB&Guillemin R 1984 Isolation, primary structure, and synthesis of human hypothalamic somatocrinin: growth hormone-releasing factor. PNAS 81 4302-4306. (doi:10.1073/pnas.81.14.4302)
    • (1984) PNAS , vol.81 , pp. 4302-4306
    • Ling, N.1    Esch, F.2    Bohlen, P.3    Brazeau, P.4    Wehrenberg, W.B.5    Guillemin, R.6
  • 77
    • 33747881858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the direct effects of metabolic factors on somatotrope function in a non-human primate model, Papio anubis
    • Luque RM, Gahete MD, Valentine RJ&Kineman RD 2006 Examination of the direct effects of metabolic factors on somatotrope function in a non-human primate model, Papio anubis. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 37 25-38. (doi:10.1677/jme.1.02042)
    • (2006) Journal of Molecular Endocrinology , vol.37 , pp. 25-38
    • Luque, R.M.1    Gahete, M.D.2    Valentine, R.J.3    Kineman, R.D.4
  • 79
    • 57349141683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of central adiposity on growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone-arginine stimulation testing in men
    • Makimura H, Stanley T, Mun D, You SM&Grinspoon S 2008 The effects of central adiposity on growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone-arginine stimulation testing in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93 4254-4260. (doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1333)
    • (2008) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.93 , pp. 4254-4260
    • Makimura, H.1    Stanley, T.2    Mun, D.3    You, S.M.4    Grinspoon, S.5
  • 80
    • 0026803163 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and expression of a pituitary-specific receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone
    • Mayo KE 1992 Molecular cloning and expression of a pituitary-specific receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone. Molecular Endocrinology 6 1734-1744. (doi:10.1210/mend.6.10.1333056)
    • (1992) Molecular Endocrinology , vol.6 , pp. 1734-1744
    • Mayo, K.E.1
  • 81
    • 0020545404 scopus 로고
    • Expression-cloning and sequence of a cDNA encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor
    • Mayo KE, Vale W, Rivier J, Rosenfeld MG&Evans RM 1983 Expression-cloning and sequence of a cDNA encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor. Nature 306 86-88. (doi:10.1038/306086a0)
    • (1983) Nature , vol.306 , pp. 86-88
    • Mayo, K.E.1    Vale, W.2    Rivier, J.3    Rosenfeld, M.G.4    Evans, R.M.5
  • 82
    • 0021924176 scopus 로고
    • Gene encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor precursor: structure, sequence, and chromosomal assignment
    • Mayo KE, Cerelli GM, Lebo RV, Bruce BD, Rosenfeld MG&Evans RM 1985 Gene encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor precursor: structure, sequence, and chromosomal assignment. PNAS 82 63-67. (doi:10.1073/pnas.82.1.63)
    • (1985) PNAS , vol.82 , pp. 63-67
    • Mayo, K.E.1    Cerelli, G.M.2    Lebo, R.V.3    Bruce, B.D.4    Rosenfeld, M.G.5    Evans, R.M.6
  • 84
    • 33748787122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of growth hormone action by sex steroids
    • Meinhardt UJ&Ho KK 2006 Modulation of growth hormone action by sex steroids. Clinical Endocrinology 65 413-422. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02676.x)
    • (2006) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.65 , pp. 413-422
    • Meinhardt, U.J.1    Ho, K.K.2
  • 86
    • 76549197873 scopus 로고
    • Substances present at the hypothalamic level and growth hormone releasing activity
    • Muller E, Pecile A&Smirne S 1965 Substances present at the hypothalamic level and growth hormone releasing activity. Endocrinology 77 390-392. (doi:10.1210/endo-77-2-390)
    • (1965) Endocrinology , vol.77 , pp. 390-392
    • Muller, E.1    Pecile, A.2    Smirne, S.3
  • 87
    • 49249113074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical analysis of clinically available somatostatin analog formulations for therapy of acromegaly
    • Murray RD&Melmed S 2008 A critical analysis of clinically available somatostatin analog formulations for therapy of acromegaly. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93 2957-2968. (doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0027)
    • (2008) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.93 , pp. 2957-2968
    • Murray, R.D.1    Melmed, S.2
  • 93
    • 0031759850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and cancer incidence in acromegaly: a retrospective cohort study. United Kingdom Acromegaly Study Group
    • Orme SM, McNally RJ, Cartwright RA&Belchetz PE 1998 Mortality and cancer incidence in acromegaly: a retrospective cohort study. United Kingdom Acromegaly Study Group. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 83 2730-2734. (doi:10.1210/jcem.83.8.5007)
    • (1998) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.83 , pp. 2730-2734
    • Orme, S.M.1    McNally, R.J.2    Cartwright, R.A.3    Belchetz, P.E.4
  • 94
    • 0037244706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inhibition of growth hormone secretion presented in obesity is not mediated by the high leptin levels: a study in human leptin deficiency patients
    • Ozata M, Dieguez C&Casanueva FF 2003 The inhibition of growth hormone secretion presented in obesity is not mediated by the high leptin levels: a study in human leptin deficiency patients. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88 312-316. (doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020122)
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.88 , pp. 312-316
    • Ozata, M.1    Dieguez, C.2    Casanueva, F.F.3
  • 101
    • 0037548298 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of a pituitary dwarf with human growth hormone
    • Raben MS 1958 Treatment of a pituitary dwarf with human growth hormone. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 18 901-903. (doi:10.1210/jcem-18-8-901)
    • (1958) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.18 , pp. 901-903
    • Raben, M.S.1
  • 102
    • 0002751873 scopus 로고
    • Effect of human growth hormone on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism in the forearm of man
    • Rabinowitz D, Klassen GA&Zierler KL 1965 Effect of human growth hormone on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism in the forearm of man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 44 51-61. (doi:10.1172/JCI105126)
    • (1965) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.44 , pp. 51-61
    • Rabinowitz, D.1    Klassen, G.A.2    Zierler, K.L.3
  • 103
    • 0026767630 scopus 로고
    • A mutation in the POU-homeodomain of Pit-1 responsible for combined pituitary hormone deficiency
    • Radovick S, Nations M, Du Y, Berg LA, Weintraub BD&Wondisford FE 1992 A mutation in the POU-homeodomain of Pit-1 responsible for combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Science 257 1115-1118. (doi:10.1126/science.257.5073.1115)
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 1115-1118
    • Radovick, S.1    Nations, M.2    Du, Y.3    Berg, L.A.4    Weintraub, B.D.5    Wondisford, F.E.6
  • 106
    • 0008193290 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone content of pituitaries from rats with hypothalamic lesions
    • Reichlin S 1961 Growth hormone content of pituitaries from rats with hypothalamic lesions. Endocrinology 69 225-230. (doi:10.1210/endo-69-2-225)
    • (1961) Endocrinology , vol.69 , pp. 225-230
    • Reichlin, S.1
  • 108
    • 0020428780 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic islet tumour
    • Rivier J, Spiess J, Thorner M&Vale W 1982 Characterization of a growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic islet tumour. Nature 300 276-278. (doi:10.1038/300276a0)
    • (1982) Nature , vol.300 , pp. 276-278
    • Rivier, J.1    Spiess, J.2    Thorner, M.3    Vale, W.4
  • 109
    • 0021354154 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of growth hormone release and human growth hormone treatment in children with cranial irradiation-associated short stature
    • Romshe CA, Zipf WB, Miser A, Miser J, Sotos JF & Newton WA 1984 Evaluation of growth hormone release and human growth hormone treatment in children with cranial irradiation-associated short stature. Journal of Pediatrics 104 177-181. (doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80988-9)
    • (1984) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.104 , pp. 177-181
    • Romshe, C.A.1    Zipf, W.B.2    Miser, A.3    Miser, J.4    Sotos, J.F.5    Newton, W.A.6
  • 111
    • 0033813714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone-releasing hormone: past and present
    • Sassolas G 2000 Growth hormone-releasing hormone: past and present. Hormone Research 53(Suppl 3) 88-92. (doi:10.1159/000023540)
    • (2000) Hormone Research , vol.53 , pp. 88-92
    • Sassolas, G.1
  • 117
    • 0026730367 scopus 로고
    • The effect of changing somatostatin tone on the pituitary growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone responses to their respective releasing factor stimuli
    • Spoudeas HA, Matthews DR, Brook CG&Hindmarsh PC 1992 The effect of changing somatostatin tone on the pituitary growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone responses to their respective releasing factor stimuli. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 75 453-458. (doi:10.1210/jcem.75.2.1353504)
    • (1992) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.75 , pp. 453-458
    • Spoudeas, H.A.1    Matthews, D.R.2    Brook, C.G.3    Hindmarsh, P.C.4
  • 119
    • 0242580169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of ghrelin impairs neither growth nor appetite
    • Sun Y, Ahmed S&Smith RG 2003 Deletion of ghrelin impairs neither growth nor appetite. Molecular and Cellular Biology 23 7973-7981. (doi:10.1128/MCB.23.22.7973-7981.2003)
    • (2003) Molecular and Cellular Biology , vol.23 , pp. 7973-7981
    • Sun, Y.1    Ahmed, S.2    Smith, R.G.3
  • 121
    • 0031761830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin is a potent stimulator of spontaneous pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and the GH response to GH-releasing hormone
    • Tannenbaum GS, Gurd W & Lapointe M 1998 Leptin is a potent stimulator of spontaneous pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and the GH response to GH-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 139 3871-3875. (doi:10.1210/endo.139.9.6206)
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , pp. 3871-3875
    • Tannenbaum, G.S.1    Gurd, W.2    Lapointe, M.3
  • 122
  • 123
    • 0030882782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen and testosterone, but not a nonaromatizable androgen, direct network integration of the hypothalamo-somatotrope (growth hormone)-insulin-like growth factor I axis in the human: evidence from pubertal pathophysiology and sex-steroid hormone replacement
    • Veldhuis JD, Metzger DL, Martha PM Jr, Mauras N, Kerrigan JR, Keenan B, Rogol AD&Pincus SM 1997 Estrogen and testosterone, but not a nonaromatizable androgen, direct network integration of the hypothalamo-somatotrope (growth hormone)-insulin-like growth factor I axis in the human: evidence from pubertal pathophysiology and sex-steroid hormone replacement. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82 3414-3420. (doi:10.1210/jcem.82.10.4317)
    • (1997) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.82 , pp. 3414-3420
    • Veldhuis, J.D.1    Metzger, D.L.2    Martha, P.M.3    Mauras, N.4    Kerrigan, J.R.5    Keenan, B.6    Rogol, A.D.7    Pincus, S.M.8
  • 124
    • 57349192792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivations and methods for analyzing pulsatile hormone secretion
    • Veldhuis JD, Keenan DM&Pincus SM 2008 Motivations and methods for analyzing pulsatile hormone secretion. Endocrine Reviews 29 823-864. (doi:10.1210/er.2008-0005)
    • (2008) Endocrine Reviews , vol.29 , pp. 823-864
    • Veldhuis, J.D.1    Keenan, D.M.2    Pincus, S.M.3
  • 125
    • 78650887936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, age, body mass index, and IGF-I individually and jointly determine distinct GH dynamics: analyses in one hundred healthy adults
    • Veldhuis JD, Roelfsema F, Keenan DM&Pincus S 2011 Gender, age, body mass index, and IGF-I individually and jointly determine distinct GH dynamics: analyses in one hundred healthy adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 96 115-121. (doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1669)
    • (2011) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.96 , pp. 115-121
    • Veldhuis, J.D.1    Roelfsema, F.2    Keenan, D.M.3    Pincus, S.4
  • 126
    • 84870762543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex steroids, GHRH, somatostatin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-1 modulate ghrelin's dose-dependent drive of pulsatile GH secretion in healthy older men
    • Veldhuis JD, Norman C, Miles JM&Bowers CY 2012 Sex steroids, GHRH, somatostatin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-1 modulate ghrelin's dose-dependent drive of pulsatile GH secretion in healthy older men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 97 4753-4760. (doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2567)
    • (2012) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.97 , pp. 4753-4760
    • Veldhuis, J.D.1    Norman, C.2    Miles, J.M.3    Bowers, C.Y.4
  • 127
    • 1842544567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis of the ultradian rhythm of GH secretion: a new model unifying experimental observations in rats
    • Wagner C, Caplan SR&Tannenbaum GS 1998 Genesis of the ultradian rhythm of GH secretion: a new model unifying experimental observations in rats. American Journal of Physiology 275 E1046-E1054.
    • (1998) American Journal of Physiology , vol.275 , pp. E1046-E1054
    • Wagner, C.1    Caplan, S.R.2    Tannenbaum, G.S.3
  • 128
    • 0030033150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsense mutation in the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor causes growth failure analogous to the little (lit) mouse
    • Wajnrajch MP, Gertner JM, Harbison MD, Chua SC Jr&Leibel RL 1996 Nonsense mutation in the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor causes growth failure analogous to the little (lit) mouse. Nature Genetics 12 88-90. (doi:10.1038/ng0196-88)
    • (1996) Nature Genetics , vol.12 , pp. 88-90
    • Wajnrajch, M.P.1    Gertner, J.M.2    Harbison, M.D.3    Chua, S.C.4    Leibel, R.L.5
  • 131
    • 84922641385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin in psychiatric disorders - a review
    • Wittekind DA&Kluge M 2015 Ghrelin in psychiatric disorders - a review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 52C 176-194. (doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.013)
    • (2015) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.52C , pp. 176-194
    • Wittekind, D.A.1    Kluge, M.2
  • 133
    • 84928481860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ghrelin on postresuscitation brain injury in a rat model of cardiac arrest
    • Xie X, Zhang J, Chen D, Pan H, Wu Z, Ge D & Yang G 2015 Effects of ghrelin on postresuscitation brain injury in a rat model of cardiac arrest. Shock 43 490-496. (doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000337)
    • (2015) Shock , vol.43 , pp. 490-496
    • Xie, X.1    Zhang, J.2    Chen, D.3    Pan, H.4    Wu, Z.5    Ge, D.6    Yang, G.7
  • 134
    • 84927913551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and its emerging role in tumor pathogenesis and progression
    • Xu JL, Xia R, Min X, Sun ZH&Liu C 2015 Ghrelin and its emerging role in tumor pathogenesis and progression. Obesity Research&Clinical Practice 9 184-185. (doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2015.01.001)
    • (2015) Obesity Research&Clinical Practice , vol.9 , pp. 184-185
    • Xu, J.L.1    Xia, R.2    Min, X.3    Sun, Z.H.4    Liu, C.5
  • 135
    • 0026544424 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney
    • Yamada Y, Post SR, Wang K, Tager HS, Bell GI&Seino S 1992 Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. PNAS 89 251-255. (doi:10.1073/pnas.89.1.251)
    • (1992) PNAS , vol.89 , pp. 251-255
    • Yamada, Y.1    Post, S.R.2    Wang, K.3    Tager, H.S.4    Bell, G.I.5    Seino, S.6
  • 136
    • 27744600963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intake
    • Zhang JV, Ren PG, Avsian-Kretchmer O, Luo CW, Rauch R, Klein C & Hsueh AJ 2005 Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intake. Science 310 996-999. (doi:10.1126/science.1117255)
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 996-999
    • Zhang, J.V.1    Ren, P.G.2    Avsian-Kretchmer, O.3    Luo, C.W.4    Rauch, R.5    Klein, C.6    Hsueh, A.J.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.